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UML in IEC 61850

Knowledge . Empowering . You

2 Day IEC 61850 Specification

Training Course

UML in IEC 61850

•  UML
–  What is UML
–  Why use UML in IEC 61850?
–  Abstraction
–  Modeling
–  Object orientation
–  UML Diagrams

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 1
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What is UML?
•  UML enables users to define different objects and how
these objects are related.

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Why use UML?

•  The definition of A is
A=25 inconsistent between 7-2, 7-3
and 7-4. Which document is
wrong?
–  7-2? àA=24
–  7-3?à A=18+B
A=17+B
–  7-4?à B=8
A=24??

B=7

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 2
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Why use UML?

A=25

A=17+B
A=18+B

UML
Model

A=25
B=7 B=7
……
Z=5

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Abstraction
•  The Unified Modeling Language (UML) allows the
modeling of abstract information.

•  Abstraction can be achieved by:

–  Distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant information
–  Based on this distinction, only consider the relevant information

•  The fewer the information that is described, the more

abstract the information will be

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 3
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Abstraction
•  The more abstract the information that is described, the
more it can be applied.

•  The more abstract the information that is described, the

less usable it is

•  A balance has to be found between abstraction and

usability:
–  the least abstract definition that includes all the information that
I’m interested in.

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Modeling
•  Rules:
•  Each view must have
unique information

•  Each view must have

information that appears
in other views Source: www.cragsystems.co.uk

•  The information that is

common between views
must be consistent

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 4
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Modeling - Object Model

•  The Object Model is the most stable view of a system. It
describes:
–  The objects inside the system

–  The objects outside the system of which the system uses

information

–  The relationships between the different objects

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Object Orientation

… „Object orientation is a way to reflect the real world in a

virtual environment“ …

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 5
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Encapsulation of Hardware

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Encapsulation in IEC 61850

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 6
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What is UML?
•  Unified Modeling Language
–  Abstract syntax

–  Modeling concepts

–  Their attributes and their relationships

–  Rules for combining these concepts to construct (partial) UML

models

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What can UML be Used for?

•  UML is a simple, standardized way of modeling
information.

•  In IEC 61850, it is used to:

–  Define boundaries (use cases)

–  Show relations between different components (class diagram)

–  Define a sequence in which events must take place (sequence

diagram)

–  Show expected interaction and behavior in different modes in

which equipment can be (state diagram)

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 7
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UML Diagrams - Use Case Diagram

<<
•  Concepts
Protection Create ex
Engineer protection
ten
ds
>>
–  Actors
configuration

Create configuration –  Use cases

ds >>
Create xten
<<e
IED configuration
–  Relations
Inspect •  Include
IED
>>
inc
lud
e •  Extends
<<
Inspect System
Maintenance failures
Engineer
<<inc
lude>
>
Inspect
Communication
network

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Class Model
•  Classes, Attributes, Associations, Multiplicity,
Composition, Generalization and inheritance

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 8
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Sequence Diagram – Example (1/2)

•  A control command send trough a local HMI

IED
Check control status
External
Control command State Equipment
machine (e.g. Circuit
Send command Breaker)
Notify client

Internal
Check

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Sequence Diagram – Example (2/2)

•  Concepts
–  Instances (rectangles)
Client Control object Operated device
SelVal_req (off)

SelVal_rsp+ Select –  Lifelines (lines/bars)

Oper_req(off)
Activation of the
Oper_rsp+
Activate output device
mechanism –  Frames/References
Between Acquisition of
status input
The report
service is Report_req(off)
Off from device
–  Messages
described in the
Deactivate output
reporting model CmdTerm_req+
•  Synchronous à closed arrow
•  Asynchronous à open arrow
•  Conditional
•  Iterations (frame: “loop”)
•  Recursion
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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 9
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UML Diagrams - State Diagram

•  Belongs to one Class

•  Concepts
–  States

–  Transitions

–  Start/End States

–  Activities

–  Guards

–  Entry/Exit Actions

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Modeling
•  Abstract information about a person

Name
Birth date Eye color
Birth place Hair color
Length Father
Weight Mother
Siblings
Gender
Race
Occupation
Complexion
Shoe size
Hobbies
….. …..

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 10
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Modeling
•  For what reason is the information needed?
–  FBI’s ten most wanted list
•  What available information is required?

•  Is there any information missing?

–  Wanted for:
–  Reward
–  Known aliases
–  Description
–  Photos
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Modeling - Operations

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 11
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Modeling

© 2015 Source: http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten 1 December 2010

Modeling

© 2015 Source: http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten 1 December 2010

UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 12
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Modeling - Inheritance
„is a kind of“ - relationship

organism

fish mammal

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Modeling - Inheritance - Class Diagrams

Abstract class : is a class that cannot be directly

instantiated
«abstract»
Super class is the
organism generalization of
the subclass
Generalization

Specialization

«abstract» «abstract»
Subclass is the
fish specialization mammal
of the
superclass

shark goldfish gazelle person

"Real" class : Objects can only be derived from a "real"

class

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 13
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Modeling - Inheritance
Generalization "is a Kind of"

Specialization
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Modeling – Inheritance
Examples from IEC 61850-7

"Real"
class

"Real"
class

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 14
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Modeling – Association
„has a“ – relationship
•  An association is a structural relationship, specifying that
objects of one thing are connected to objects of another
Multiplicity
indicator

0 .. *

Zero to
many No specified
multiplicity means
“exactly 1”

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Modeling - Aggregation
„is a part of “ – relationship
•  An aggregation is a special form of association that
models whole-part relationship between aggregate (the
whole) and its parts.

•  The diamond indicates the "whole"

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 15
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Modeling - Composition
„is a part of “ – relationship
•  A composition is a form of aggregation with strong
ownership and coincident lifetime as part of the whole.

•  "Parts" share the same lifetime as the "whole"

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Modeling – Association, Aggregation, Composition

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 16
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Modeling - Class Diagram

class Class Model

Man Woman House

0..1 0..1 0..* 0..*

Head

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Modeling – Composition in IEC 61850

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 17
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Summary
•  As the scope of IEC 61850 is expanding, UML plays a
vital part in maintaining consistency between different
parts

•  This introduction explains a fraction of the definitions in

UML.

•  This is enough to understand the UML relevant to IEC

61850.

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Questions

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UML in IEC 61850

IEC 61850 Specification 18