M.Sc.

Chemistry
Syllabus
First Semester
 M.Sc. FIRST YEAR
First Semester
Core
Metal-Complexes and Reaction Mechanism
Course Code: PCH1 101

Credits = 4
M.M. = 100 (70+30)
4 Hours/week
Unit-I: Metal-Ligand Bonding

Crystal field theory (CFT), salient features, spectrochemical series, splitting of d-orbitals in tetragonal, square planar,
trigonalbipyramidal and square-pyramidal geometry, applications of CFT- colours of transition metal complexes, magnetic
properties of octahedral complex, JahnTellar distortion, Factors affecting CFSE, limitations of CFT, Experimental evidence
for metal-ligand covalent bonding in complexes, Nephelauxetic effect, Ligand Field Theory,

M.O. Theory, π-bonding and M.O. theory in octahedral, tetrahedral and square-planar complexes.

Unit-II: Reaction Mechanism in Octahedral Transition Metal Complexes

Reactivity of metal complexes, inert and labile complexes, kinetic application of valence bond and crystal field theories,
kinetics of octahedral substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, conjugate base
mechanism, direct and indirect evidences in favour of conjugate mechanism, anation reactions, reactions without metal ligand
bond cleavage.

Unit-III: Reaction Mechanism in Square Planar Complexes

Substitution reactions in square planar complexes, the trans effect, mechanism of the substitution reaction. Redox reactions,
electron transfer reactions, mechanism of one electron transfer reaction, outersphere type reactions, cross reactions and
Marcus-Hush theory, inner sphere type reactions.

Unit-IV: Stability of transition metal complexes

Step-wise and overall formation constant and their relationship, trends in step-wise constant (kinetic and thermodynamic
stability of metal complexes, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes(with reference to the nature of the metal ion
and ligand, chelate effect, macrocyclic effect and their thermodynamic origin). Determination of binary formation constant by
pH metry and spectrophotometery.

Books Suggested:
1. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, John Wiley
2. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huhey, Harpes& Row.
3. Chemistry of the Elements, N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon.
4. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, A.B.P. Lever, Elsevier.
5. Magnetochemsitry, R.L. Carlin, Springer Verlag.
6. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry eds., G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillars and J.A. McClevert, Pergomon
 M.Sc. FIRST YEAR
First Semester
Core
Stereochemistry and Reaction Intermediates
Course Code: PCH1 102
Credits = 4
M.M. = 100 (70+30)
4 Hours /week
Unit-I: Nature of Bonding in Organic Molecule

General overview of bonding in organic compounds.Aromaticity in benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds, alternant and
non-alternant hydrocarbons. Huckel’s rule of aromaticity, annulenes, antiaromaticity, homoaromoaticity, PMO approach.
Crown ether complexes and cryptands, inclusion compounds-cyclodextrins, catenanes and rotaxanes. Fullerenes

Unit-II: Stereochemistry

Optical activity and chirality, molecules with more than one chiral center, threo- and erythro- isomers, methods of resolution,
optical purity.Fischer’s projection formula.Absolute configuration - R, S notation of biphenyls and allenes. Study of
dissymmetry of allenes, biphenyls, spiro compounds, transcyclo-octane and cyclo-nonene. Chirality due to helical
shape.Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces. Stereochemistry of the compounds containing nitrogen and
sulfur. Asymmetric synthesis.Cram’s rule.

Unit-III: Conformational Analysis

Conformational analysis of mono, di and tri-substituted cyclohexanes and their stereo chemical features (geometric and
optical isomerism). Conformation and reactivity of substituted cyclohexenes, cyclohexanol(oxidation and acylation) and
cyclohexanone (reduction).Conformation and stereochemistry of cis and trans decalin and 9 - methyldecalin. Inter
conversion of Sawhorse, Newmann and Fischer projections.

Unit-IV: Reactive Intermediates:

Carbocations: Classical and non-classical, Neighbouring group participation, ion pairs, molecular rearrangement in acyclic,
monocyclic and bicyclic systems, Stability and reactivity of bridge-head carbocations.

Carbanions: Generation, structure and stability, amident ions and their general reactions.

Radical: Generation, structure, stability and reactions, cage effects; radical–cations and radical- anions.

Carbenes: Formation and structure, reactions involving carbenes and carbenoids,

Nitrenes: Generation, structure and reactions of nitrenes.

Arynes: General methods of generation and reactivity.

Singlet oxygen: Generation and reactions with organic substrates.

Books Suggested:
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanism and Structure, Jerry March, John Wiley.
2. Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morison & R.N' Boyd, Prentice Hall.
3. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, D. Nasipuri.
4. Advanced Organic Chemistry, J. Singh and L. D. S. Yadav, PragatiPrakashan. Meerut India, Ed., 2004.
5. Carbenes, Nitrenes and Arynes, T.L. Gilchrist and C.W. Rees, Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., London.
6. Organic Chemistry, 6th edu.,John Mc-Murry,Brooks/Cole,2000
 M.Sc. FIRST YEAR
First Semester
Core
Quantam & Electro Chemistry
Course Code: PCH1 103
Credits = 4
M.M. = 100 (70+30)
Unit:I: Quantam-I

Schrodinger equation (Time dependent and independent), Operator concept, quantum mechanical operators (Cartesian and
Spherical polar co-ordinate systems), Properties of quantum mechanical operators, Postulates of Quantam mechanics.

Particle in a box problem.The solution of problems of harmonic oscillator & the rigid rotator.

Unit II: Quantam-II

Born-Oppenheimer approximation.Solution of the Hydrogen-like atom problem- radial and angular wave functions.Angular
momentum and electronic structure of atom General theory of angular momentum. Eigen functions and Eigen values of
angular momentum operators. Ladder operators.Spin angular momentum, antisymmetry and Pauli's principle. Wave functions
of poly-electron atoms, Slater determinant. Atomic term symbols, term separation of pn and dn configurations, spin-orbit
coupling, Zeeman splitting.

Unit III: Electrochemistry-I

Ion solvent Interactions: Non structural (Born) treatment and an introduction to structural (Ion-dipole, Ion-quadruple)
treatments of ion-solvent interactions. Ion-Ion Interactions: Activity and activity coefficients. Debye-Huckel theory of activity
coefficients of electrolyte solutions; derivation of Debye-Huckel limiting law, validity and extension to high concentrations;
ion-pair formation-Bjerrum model. Debye-Huckel-Onsager conductance equation and brief idea of its extension.

Unit IV Electrochemistry-II (Interfaces)

Metal-electrolyte electrified interfaces, concept of surface excess, thermodynamics of electrified interface, Lippman equation,
electrocapillary curves. Methods for determination of surface excess.

Structural models of metal-electrolyte interface: Helmholtz-Perrin, Gouy-Chapman and Stern models, recent advances.
Semiconductor electrodes: Structure of seminconductor/electrolyte interface Theories of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer:
Electron transfer at electrified interface at and away from equilibrium. Butller-Volmer equation, low and high field
approximations, significance of transfer coefficient.

Books Suggested:
1. Physical Chemistry - P. W. Atkins, ELBS, Oxford, 1997.
2. Physical Chemistry- A Molecular Approach - D. A. McQuarie& J. D. Simon, University Science Books, 1997.
3. Chemical Kinetics, K. J. Laidler, Mcgraw-Hill, 1987.
4. Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics, J. I. Steinfeld, J. S. Francisco, W.L. Hase, Prentice Hall, 1989.
5. Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis, R.I. Masel, Wiley, 2001.
6. An Introduction to Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions, Margaret Robson Wright, Wiley, 2007.
7. Electrochemical methods, Fundamentals and Methods, A.J. Bard, L.R. Faulkner, Wiley, 1980.
8. Physical Electrochemistry- Fundamentals, Techniques and Applications, EliezerGileadi, Wiley-VCH 2011.
9. Electrochemistry, 2nd Edition, Carl H. Hamann, Andrew Hammett, Wolf Vielstich, Wiley-VCH.
 M.Sc. FIRST YEAR
First Semester
Core Elective I
Course Name: Basic Introduction to Spectroscopic Methods
Course Code: PCH1 201

Credits = 4
M.M. = 100 (70+30)
4 Hours/week

Unit: Statistical analysis and validation:

Errors in chemical analysis, Classification of errors- systematic and random, additive and proportional, absolute and relative.
Accuracy and precision. Mean, median, average deviation and standard deviation. Confidence limit, correlation coefficient
and regression analysis. Comparison of methods: F-test and T-test. Rejection of data based on Q-test. Least squares method
for deriving calibration graph. Concepts and difference between sensitivity, limit of detection and limit of quantification

Unit-II: IR spectroscopy and Microwave Spectroscopy

Principle and mode of vibration in molecules, Energy, force constant and bond strength; anharmonicity, Morse potential
energy diagram, Derivation of selection rules for diatomic molecules based on harmonic oscillator approximation,
characteristic vibrational frequencies various functional groups , Effects of hydrogen bonding and solvent effect on vibrational
frequencies, overtones, combination bands and Fermi resonance.

Unit III: UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Principle, Beer-Lambert’s Law and derivation, additivity of Absorbance, factors causing deviations from Beer’s law;
Instrumentation: single and double-beam spectrophotometers: chromophores, absorbing species containing π, σ and n-
electrons,
Principle of Microwave spectroscopy, Classification of molecules, Rigid rotor model, Effect of isotopic substitution on the
transition frequencies, intensities, non-rigid rotor, Stark effect and Applications

Unit IV: NMR spectroscopy

Principle of Nuclear Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), theory, relaxation process and saturation, environmental
effects on NMR spectra , chemical shift, spin-spin splitting , coupling constant and solvent effect., Hyphenated Technique
FT-NMR, Medicinal applications of NMR spectroscopy applications.

.
Books Suggested
1. Willard, Merit, Dean and Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, CBS Publishers and Distributors, IV Edn. 1986
2. Skoog, Holler, Nieman, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Thomson Asia Pte Ltd., Singapore, 2004.
3. D.A. Skoog, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Saunders College Pub.Co, III Edn., 1985
4. A.I Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS III Edn, 1987.
5. J.O.M. Bockris and AKN Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry, Plenum, 1970.
6. D.A.Skoog and D.M.WestFundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Holt Rinehart and Winston Publications, IV Edn,
2004.
7. W. Kemp, NMR in Chemistry, MacMillan Ltd, 1986.
8. G.W.Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, McGraw Hill Pub, 1975.
9. An Introduction to Separation Science: L. R. Shyder and C. H. Harvath (Wiley Interscience)
10. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis: Braun (Tata McGraw-Hill)
11. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Robert M. Silverstein, 7th edition John Wiley
12. Introduction to Spectroscopy, Pavia, 4th Edition Cengage Learning India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
 M.Sc. FIRST YEAR
First Semester
Core Elective 2
Course Name: Green Chemistry
Course Code: PCH1 202

Credits = 4
M.M. = 100 (70+30)
` 4Hours/week

Unit I: Principles & Concept of Green Chemistry

Concept and Principles-development of Green Chemistry- Atom economy reactions –rearrangement reactions , addition
reactions- atom uneconomic-sublimation elimination-Wittig reactions-toxicity measures- Need of Green Chemistry in our day
to day life.

Unit II: Measuring And Controlling Environmental Performance

Importance of measurement – lactic acid production-safer Gasoline – introduction to life cycle assessment-four stages of Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA) –Carbon foot printing-green process Matrics-eco labels -Integrated Pollution and Prevention and
Control(IPPC)-REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization of Chemicals)

Unit III: Emerging Green Technology And Alternative Energy Sources

Design for Energy efficiency-Photochemical reactions- Advantages-Challenge faced by photochemical process. Microwave
technology on Chemistry- Microwave heating –Microwave assisted reactions-Sono chemistry and Green Chemistry –
Electrochemical Synthesis-Examples of Electrochemical synthesis.

Unit IV: Renewable Resources

Biomass –Renewable energy – Fossil fuels-Energy from Biomass-Solar Power- Other forms of renewable energy-Fuel Cells-
Alternative economics-Syngas economy- hydrogen economy-Bio refinery chemicals from fatty acids-Polymer from
Renewable Resources –Some other natural chemical resources.

Unit V: Industrial Case Studies

Methyl Methacrylate (MMA)-Greening of Acetic acid manufacture-Vitamin C-Leather manufacture –Types of Leather –
Difference between Hide and Skin-Tanning –Reverse tanning – Vegetable tanning –Chrome tanning-Fat liquoring –Dyeing –
Application-Polyethylene- Ziegler Natta Catalysis-Metallocene Catalysis-Eco friendly Pesticides-Insecticides.

Books Suggested
1. Green Chemistry and Introductory text, II Edition P.T.Anastas and J.C Warner,
2. Green Chemistry theory and Practice, Oxford University press, Oxford (1988). P.Tundoet. al.,
3. Green Chemistry, Wiley –Blackwell, London (2007). ProttiD.Dondi et.al.,
4. Green Chemistry T.E Graedel, Streamlined Life cycle Assessment, Prentice Hall, NewJersey (1998). V.K. Ahluwalia,
5. Methods and Reagents of Green Chemistry: An Introduction by Green Chemistry.
 M.Sc. FIRST YEAR
First Semester
Physical Chemistry Laboratory I
Course Code: PCH 104
Credits = 2
M.M. = 100 (70+30)
2 Hours/week

1. Potentiometer
i. Determination of strength of an acid by titration with an alkali
ii. Determination of pKa value of a weak acid through potentiometer.
2. Polarimetry
i. Determination of the specific rotation of an optically active compound and determination of unknown
concentration from the calibration curve.
ii. Determination of the rate constant of inversion of cane sugar catalysed be HCl.

3. Calorimetry
i. Determination of heat of neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base.
ii. Determination of heat of neutralization of a weak acid with a strong base.
4. Spectrophotometry
i. Establishing the validity of Beer-Lambert law.
ii. Determination of composition of a binary mixture through spectrophotometry.
iii. Spectrophotometric titration of Fe(II) vs KMnO4.
5. Chemical Kinetics
i. Determination of order of reaction between K2S2O8 and KI by Initial rates method.
ii. Study of effect of temperature and ionic strength on rate constant of persulphate-iodide reaction.
6. Viscometer
i. Determine the coefficient of viscosity of a given liquid.

Books Suggested:
1. Experimental Physical Chemistry, Arthur M. Halpern, George C. McBane, Freeman,2006.
2. Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, Yadav ,Goel Pub, 1994.
3. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 5th ed., Schoemaker et al. , MGH, 1989
4. Chemistry Experiments for Instrumental Methods, Sawyer, Heineman, Beebe, Wiley, 1984 .
5. Practical Physical Chemistry, Findley, Kitchener, Longman,1977.
 M.Sc. FIRST YEAR
Second Semester
Core
Course Name: In-Organic Chemistry Laboratory 1
Course Code: PCH2 111

Credits = 2
M.M. = 100 (70+30)
2 Periods/week

1. Qualitative Analyses
Identification of cations including those of less common elements using Semi-micro technique.
2. Quantitative Analyses
Estimation of Cations in two- cation systems using gravimetric and volumetric (EDTA or Redox) methods.
To estimate copper and zinc in the given solution
To estimate iron and Nickel in the given solution
Quantitative analysis of a mixture of iron (volumetry) and copper (gravimetry)
To determine magnesium against EDTA using EBT as an indicator

3. Preparation of Coordination Compounds of transition metals

Reinecke salt

Trinitrotriamine cobalt(III)

Potassium trioxalatomangnate(III)

Ferrous ammonium sulphate

Potassium trioxalatechromate(III)

4. Paper Chromatography

Paper chromatography separation of Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) ions

Paper chromatography separation of Hg(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Bi(II) and Cd(II) ions

Books Suggested:
1. Vogel's quantitative analysis 6 Edn. Mendham, Denny; Pearson Education 2002
2. Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic chemistry , G. S.Girlomi; R.J. Angleci 3rd edn.; University Science
Books.
3. Synthesis and characterization of Inorganic compounds W.AJolly
4. Inorganic syntheses Vols II, VI Academic Press.
5. Experimental Inorganic / Physical Chemistry ; Mounir A. Malati Horwood/1999.
6. Quantitative Chemical Analysis ; 5th edn.; Harris ; Freeman ; 1999.
7. Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry ; Adams ; Raynor, Wiley ; 1995.
8. Advanced Experimental Inorganic Chemistry ; Ayodha Singh ; Campus Books 2002.