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PCS 931 X Instruction Manual en PDF
PCS 931 X Instruction Manual en PDF
Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured goods
and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that printed
information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
Earth
Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
Connection cable
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editio ns. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.
Version: R1.07
Documentation Structure
The manual provides a functional and technical description of this relay and a comprehensive set
of instructions for the relay’s use and application.
1 Introduction
Briefly introduce the application, functions and features about this relay.
2 Technical Data
Introduce the technical data about this relay, such as electrical specifications, mechanical
specifications, ambient temperature and humidity range, communication port parameters, type
tests, setting ranges and accuracy limits and the certifications that our products have passed.
3 Operation Theory
Introduce a comprehensive and detailed functional description of all protective elements.
4 Supervision
Introduce the automatic self-supervision function of this relay.
5 Management
Introduce the management function (measurement, recording and remote control) of this relay.
6 Hardware
Introduce the main function carried out by each plug-in module of this relay and providing the
definition of pins of each plug-in module.
7 Settings
List settings including system settings, communication settings, label settings, logic links and etc.,
and some notes about the setting application.
9 Configurable Function
Introduce configurable function of the device and all configurable signals are listed.
10 Communication
Introduce the communication port and protocol which this relay can support, IEC60970-5-103,
IEC61850 and DNP3.0 protocols are introduced in details.
11 Installation
iv PCS-931 Line Differential Relay
Date: 2014-02-24
Preface
Introduce the recommendations on unpacking, handling, inspection and storage of this relay. A
guide to the mechanical and electrical installation of this relay is also provided, incorporating
earthing recommendations. A typical wiring connection to this relay is indicated.
12 Commissioning
Introduce how to commission this relay, comprising checks on the calibration and functionality of
this relay.
13 Maintenance
A general maintenance policy for this relay is outlined.
Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously
derived from the illustration.
&
AND gate
≥1
OR gate
Comparator
BI
Binary signal via opto-coupler
SET I>
Input signal from comparator with setting
EN
Input signal of logic setting for function enabling
SIG
Input of binary signal except those signals via opto-coupler
XXX
Output signal
Timer
t
t
Timer (optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic)
10ms 0ms
Timer [delay pickup (10ms), delay dropoff (0ms), non-settable]
[XXX] 0ms
Timer (delay pickup, settable)
0ms [XXX]
Timer (delay dropoff, settable)
[XXX] [XXX]
Timer (delay pickup, delay dropoff, settable)
IDMT
Timer (inverse-time characteristic)
Basic Example
A, B, C L1, L2, L3 Ia, Ib, Ic, I0 IL1, IL2, IL3, IN
AN, BN, CN L1N, L2N, L3N Ua, Ub, Uc VL1, VL2, VL3
ABC L123 Uab, Ubc, Uca VL12, VL23, VL31
U (voltage) V U0, U1, U2 VN, V1, V2
1 Introduction
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 1-a
1.1 Application....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Function ........................................................................................................... 1-3
1.3 Features ........................................................................................................... 1-6
List of Figures
Figure 1.1-1 Typical application of PCS-931 ............................................................................. 1-1
1.1 Application
PCS-931 is a digital line differential protection with the main and back-up protection functions,
which is designed for overhead line or cables and hybrid transmission lines of various voltage
levels.
52 52
Main protection of PCS-931 comprises current differential protection which can clear any internal
fault instantaneously for the whole line. DPFC distance protection can perform extremely high
speed operation for close-up faults. There is direct transfer trip (DTT) feature incorporated in the
relay.
PCS-931 also includes distance protection (3 forward zones and 1 reverse zone distance
protection with selectable mho or quadrilateral characteristic), 4 stages directional earth fault
protection, 4 stages directional phase overcurrent protection, 2 stages voltage protection
(under/over voltage protection), 4 stages frequency protection (under/over frequency protection),
broken conductor protection, reverse power protection, pole discrepancy protection, breaker
failure protection, thermal overload protection, and dead zone protection etc. Morever, a backup
overcurrent and earth fault protection will be automatically enabled when VT circuit fails. In
addition, stub overcurrent protection is provided for one and a half breakers arrangement when
transmission line is put into maintenance.
PCS-931 has selectable mode of single-phase tripping or three-phase tripping and configurable
auto-reclosing mode for 1-pole, 3-poles and 1/3-pole operation.
PCS-931 with appropriate selection of integrated protection functions can be applied for various
voltage levels and primary equipment such as cables, overhead lines, interconnectors and
transformer feeder, etc. It also supports configurable binary inputs, binary outputs, LEDs and IEC
61850 protocol.
BUS
52
81
59
50G 50P FL
Data Transmitt/Receive
51G 51P 27
SOTF 25 79
LINE
26 Fault recorder FR
27 Fault location FL
1.2 Function
1. Protection Function
Distance protection
Power swing blocking releasing, selectable for each of above mentioned zones
Current protection
Four stages directional earth fault protection, selectable time characteristic (definite-time
or inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, reverse direction or non-directional)
Voltage protection
Frequency protection
Control function
Synchro-checking
Automatic reclosure (single shot or multi-shot (max. 4) for 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR)
Dual-channels redundancy
Synchronism check for remote and manual closing (only for one circuit breaker)
Energy metering (active and reactive energy are calculated in import respectively export
direction)
3. Logic
4. Additional function
Fault location
VT circuit supervision
CT circuit supervision
Self diagnostic
Event Recorder including 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events, 256 control logs and 1024 device logs.
Disturbance recorder including 32 disturbance records with waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
Conventional
PPS (RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level
PPM (DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the optical coupler
PPS (DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the optical coupler
SAS
Advanced
PPS (Fiber) PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via optical-fibre interface
NoTimeSync
5. Monitoring
Channel status
Frequency
6. Communication
Optional 2 or 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type of MON plug-in module) conform
to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
Optional 2 Ethernet ports via optic fiber (ST interface) conform to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0
protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
7. User Interface
Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.
Auxiliary software—PCS-Explorer
1.3 Features
The intelligent device integrated with protection, control and monitor provides powerful
protection function, flexible protection configuration, user programmable logic and
configurable binary input and binary output, which can meet with various application
requirements.
Fast fault clearance for faults within the protected line, the operating time is less than 10 ms
for close-up faults, less than 15ms for faults in the middle of protected line and less than 25ms
for remote end faults.
The unique DPFC distance element integrated in the protective device provides extremely
high speed operation and insensitive to power swing.
Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects deviation of power frequency component
improves the protection sensitivity and stability under the condition of load fluctuation and
system disturbance.
Advanced and reliable power swing blocking releasing feature which ensure distance
protection operate correctly for internal fault during power swing and prevent distance
protection from maloperation during power swing
Flexible automatic reclosure supports various initiation modes and check modes
Multiple setting groups with password protection and setting value saved permanently before
modification
Powerful PC tool software can fulfill protection function configuration, modify setting and
waveform analysis.
2 Technical Data
Table of Contents
2 Technical Data ................................................................................... 2-a
2.1 Electrical Specifications ................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1 AC Current Input .................................................................................................................. 2-1
IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Conducted RF Electromagnetic
Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class Ⅲ , 10Vrms, 150
Disturbance
kHz~80MHz
Power Frequency Magnetic Field IEC 61000-4-8:2001
Immunity class Ⅴ, 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
IEC 61000-4-9:2001
Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity
class Ⅴ, 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
Damped oscillatory magnetic field IEC 61000-4-10:2001
immunity class Ⅴ, 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m
2.6 Certifications
ISO9001:2008
ISO14001:2004
OHSAS18001:2007
ISO10012:2003
CMMI L5
2.7 Terminals
Connection Type Wire Size
2 2
Crimp terminals, 1.5mm ~4.0mm lead
AC current If using 4.0mm2 lead, only dedicated terminal cable lug provided by NR
can be adopted.
2 2
AC voltage Crimp terminals, 1.0mm ~2.5mm lead
2 2
Power supply Crimp terminals, 1.0mm ~2.5mm lead
Contact I/O Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
2
Grounding (Earthing) Connection BVR type, 2.5mm²~6.0mm lead
Maximum duration 10000 sampled points (24 sampled points per cycle)
Recording position 10 cycles before pickup of trigger element
2.10.17 Auto-reclosing
Phase difference setting range 0~89 (Deg)
Accuracy 2.0Deg
Voltage difference setting range 0.02Un~0.8Un (V)
Accuracy Max(0.01Un, 2.5%)
Frequency difference setting range 0.02~1 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.01Hz
Operating time of synchronism check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of energizing check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of auto-reclosing ≤1%Setting+20ms
3 Operation Theory
Table of Contents
3 Operation Theory .............................................................................. 3-a
3.1 System Parameters ......................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 General Application.............................................................................................................. 3-1
List of Figures
Figure 3.3-1 Logic diagram of CB position supervision ......................................................... 3-4
Figure 3.6-1 Protected reach of distance protection for each zone .................................... 3-22
Figure 3.6-2 Operating time of single-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) ......................................... 3-23
Figure 3.6-3 Operating time of single-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) ......................................... 3-24
Figure 3.6-4 Operating time of two-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) ............................................. 3-24
Figure 3.6-5 Operating time of two-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) ............................................. 3-25
Figure 3.6-6 Operating time of three-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) ........................................... 3-25
Figure 3.6-7 Operating time of three-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) ........................................... 3-26
Figure 3.6-8 Operating time of single-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ....................................... 3-26
Figure 3.6-9 Operating time of single-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30) ....................................... 3-27
Figure 3.6-10 Operating time of two-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ......................................... 3-27
Figure 3.6-12 Operating time of three-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ....................................... 3-28
Figure 3.6-13 Operating time of three-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30) ....................................... 3-29
Figure 3.6-18 Phase-to-ground operation characteristic for forward fault ......................... 3-35
Figure 3.6-19 Phase-to-phase operation characteristic for forward fault ........................... 3-36
Figure 3.6-23 Shift impedance characteristic of zone 1 and zone 2 .................................... 3-40
Figure 3.6-26 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 1) ...................................... 3-43
Figure 3.6-27 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 2) ...................................... 3-44
Figure 3.6-28 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 3) ...................................... 3-45
Figure 3.6-29 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 4) ...................................... 3-46
Figure 3.6-32 Logic diagram of enabling distance protection (Quad) ................................. 3-53
Figure 3.6-33 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 1) .................................... 3-53
Figure 3.6-34 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 2) .................................... 3-54
Figure 3.6-35 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 3) .................................... 3-55
Figure 3.6-36 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 4) .................................... 3-56
Figure 3.6-39 Logic diagram of enabling distance SOTF protection ................................... 3-68
Figure 3.6-40 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by manual closing signal ...... 3-69
Figure 3.6-41 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by 1-pole or 3-pole AR ........... 3-70
Figure 3.6-42 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by PD condition ...................... 3-71
Figure 3.7-1 Direct optical link up to 2km with 850nm .......................................................... 3-74
Figure 3.7-2 Direct optical link up to 40km with 1310nm or up to 100km with 1550nm .... 3-74
Figure 3.8-1 Operation characteristic of DPFC current differential element ...................... 3-82
Figure 3.8-2 Operation characteristic of DPFC current differential element ...................... 3-83
Figure 3.8-3 Operation characteristic of steady-state current differential element ........... 3-84
Figure 3.8-4 Operation characteristic of steady-state current differential element ........... 3-85
Figure 3.8-5 Operation characteristic of neutral current differential element .................... 3-86
Figure 3.8-8 Relation between CT saturation differential current and restraint current ... 3-89
Figure 3.12-1 Logic diagram of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure................... 3-124
Figure 3.13-1 Logic diagram of residual current SOTF protection .................................... 3-126
Figure 3.17-1 Characteristic curve of the thermal overload model ................................... 3-154
Figure 3.17-2 Logic diagram of thermal overload protection (stage 1) ............................. 3-155
Figure 3.17-3 Logic diagram of thermal overload protection (stage 2) ............................. 3-155
Figure 3.23-1 Relationship between reference voltage and synchronism voltage .......... 3-169
Figure 3.23-2 Line voltage circuit failure supervision logic ............................................... 3-170
Figure 3.23-3 Bus Voltage Circuit Failure Supervision logic .............................................. 3-171
Figure 3.29-3 Configuration page of control output 01 (default configration) ................. 3-209
Figure 3.29-4 Configuration page of control output 02 (default configration) ................. 3-210
List of Tables
Table 3.1-1 System parameters .................................................................................................. 3-1
Table 3.12-1 I/O signals of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure ........................... 3-123
Table 3.12-2 Settings of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure ............................... 3-124
Table 3.14-4 Inverse-time curve parameters of phase undervoltage protection .............. 3-135
Further to correct configuration of analog input channels, other protected system information, such
as the parameters of voltage transformer and current transformer are also required.
The device generally considers transmission line as its protected object, current flows from busbar
to line is considered as the forward direction.
3.1.3 Settings
Table 3.1-1 System parameters
When the device equips with line protection functions, line parameters of protected line are
required, especially for fault location, precise line parameters are the basic criterion for accurate
fault location.
3.2.3 Settings
Table 3.2-1 Line parameters
In order to prevent that wrong status of CB position is input into the device via binary input,
appropriate monitor method is used to check the rationality of the binary input. When the binary
input of CB open position is detected, the status of CB position will be thought as incorrect and an
alarm [Alm_52b] will be issued if there is current detected in the line.
Together with the status of circuit breaker and the information of external circuit, this function can
be used to supervise control circuit of circuit breaker.
External manual closing binary input (ManCls) is only used for SOTF logic application, the control
of circuit breaker (CB) closing or opening should refer to section 3.29 (Control and Synchrocheck
for Manual Closing).
CB Position Supervision
52b_PhA Alm_52b
52b_PhB
52b_PhC
ManCls
CB Position Supervision
52b Alm_52b
ManCls
TCCS
52a TCCS.Alm
52b
TCCS.Input
ManCls
TCCS will be disabled automatically when it is used for phase-segregated circuit breaker.
Note!
The signal [52a] only take effect in the tripping/closing circuit supervision and not affect
any protection function. Only if tripping/closing circuit supervision is configured, this signal
needs to be connected to the device.
3.3.5 Logic
BI [52b_PhA] >=1
&
&
BI [52b_PhB] >=1
& &
&
SIG Ia>I_Line
>=1
& >=1 10s 10s Alm_52b
SIG Ib>I_Line
&
SIG Ic>I_Line
BI [52a] >=1
>=1
BI [52b] [TCCS.t_DPU] [TCCS.t_DDO] TCCS.Alm
BI [TCCS.Input]
I_Line is threshold value used to determine whether line is on-load or no-load. Default value
0.06In.
3.3.6 Settings
Table 3.3-2 Internal settings of CB position supervision
The device has one DSP module with fault detector DSP and protection DSP for fault detector and
protection calculation respectively. Protection DSP with protection fault detector element is
responsible for calculation of protection elements, and fault detector DSP is responsible to
determine fault appearance on the protected power system. Fault detector in fault detector DSP
picks up to provide positive supply to output relays. The output relays can only operate when both
the fault detector in fault detector DSP and a protection element operate simultaneously.
Otherwise, the output relays would not operate. An alarm message will be issued with blocking
outputs if a protection element operates while the fault detector does not operate.
Main part of FD is DPFC current detector element that detects the change of phase-to-phase
power frequency current, and residual current fault detector element that calculates the vector
sum of 3 phase currents as supplementary. They are continuously calculating the analog input
signals.
3. Pickup condition 3: Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is greater than the voltage
setting of overvoltage protection
Pickup condition 3 and 4 are only available when respective protection elements are enabled.
If any of the above conditions is complied, the FD will operate to activate the output circuit
providing DC power supply to the output relays.
DPFC current fault detector element (pickup condition 1) and residual current fault detector
element (pickup condition 2) are always enabled, and all protection functions are permitted to
operate when they operate.
DPFC phase-to-phase current is obtained by subtracting the phase-to-phase current from that of a
cycle before.
I(k-24) is the value of a sampling point before a cycle, 24 is the sampling points in one cycle.
200
100
-100
-200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Original Current
100
50
-50
-100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
DPFC current
From above figures, it is concluded that DPFC can reflect the sudden change of current at the
initial stage of a fault and has a perfect performance of fault detection.
It is used to determine whether this pickup condition is met according to Equation 3.4-1.
For multi-phase short-circuit fault, the DPFC phase-to-phase current has high sensitivity to ensure
the pickup of protection device. For usual single phase to earth fault, it also has sufficient
sensitivity to pick up except the earth fault with very large fault resistance. Under this condition the
DPFC current is relative small, however, residual current is also used to judge pickup condition
(pickup condition 2).
This element adopts adaptive floating threshold varied with the change of load current
continuously. The change of load current is small and steadily under normal or power swing
condition, the adaptive floating threshold with the ΔI Set is higher than the change of current under
these conditions and hence maintains the element stability.
Where:
ΔIΦΦMAX: The maximum half-wave integration value of phase-to-phase current (ΦΦ=AB, BC, CA)
The coefficient, 1.25, is an empirical value which ensures the threshold always higher than the
unbalance output value of the system.
If operating condition is met, DPFC current element will pickup and trigger FD to provide DC power
supply for output relays, the FD operation signal will maintain 7 seconds after DPFC current
element drops off.
This pickup condition will be met when 3I0 is greater than the setting [FD.ROC.3I0_Set].
Where:
3I0: residual current calculates from the vector sum of Ia, Ib and Ic
When residual current FD element operates and lasts for longer than 10 seconds, an alarm
[Alm_Pkp_I0] will be issued.
If operating condition is met, the residual current FD element will pickup and trigger FD to provide
DC power supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept for 7 seconds after the residual
current FD element drops off.
Overvoltage fault detector will be automatically effective when overvoltage protection is enabled.
If the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “1” (x=1 or 2), i.e. the protective device adopts
1-out-of-3 mode, when any phase voltage is greater than the setting [59Px.U_Set] (x=1 or 2), the
overvoltage fault detector element will pickup and trigger FD to provide DC power supply for
output relays, the FD operation signal will maintain 7 seconds after overvoltage fault detector
element drops off.
If the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0” (x=1 or 2), i.e. the protective device adopts
3-out-of-3 mode, when all three phase voltages are greater than the setting [59Px.U_Set] (x=1 or
2), the overvoltage fault detector element will pickup and trigger FD to provide DC power supply
for output relays, the FD operation signal will maintain 7 seconds after overvoltage fault detector
element drops off.
3.4.2.4 Fault Detector Based on Circuit Breaker Position Discrepancy (pickup condition 4)
When pole discrepancy protection is enabled, i.e. the logic setting [62PD.En] is set as “1”, and if
three phases of circuit breaker are not in the same status, pole discrepancy FD element will
operate to provide DC power supply for output relays, and pickup signal will maintain 7 seconds
after pole discrepancy FD element drops out.
Under the normal state, the protection device will perform the following tasks:
3. Hardware self-check
6. Channel supervision
Once the protection fault detector element in protection calculation DSP picks up, the protection
device will switch to fault calculation program, for example the calculation of distance protection,
and to determine logic. If the fault is within the protected zone, the protection device will send
tripping command.
Main program
Sampling program
No Yes
Pickup?
The protection FD pickup conditions are the same as the FD in fault detector DSP as shown below.
The operation criteria for the conditions are also the same as that in fault detector DSP. Please
3. Pickup condition 3: Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is greater than the setting value
When any pickup condition mentioned above is met, the protection device will go to fault
calculation state.
Pickup condition 3 and 4 are not common fault detector elements, only used for respective
protection element. Please refer to section 3.14.1 and section 3.19 for details.
FD
FD.Pkp
FD.DPFC.Pkp
FD.ROC.Pkp
3.4.6 Logic
SIG Ib ΔIab>[FD.DPFC.I_Set]
ΔIab=Δ(Ia-Ib) >=1
SIG Ic ΔIbc=Δ(Ib-Ic) ΔIbc>[FD.DPFC.I_Set] FD.DPFC.Pkp
ΔIca=Δ(Ic-Ia)
ΔIca>[FD.DPFC.I_Set] >=1
0s 7s FD.Pkp
Calculate residual current:
3.4.7 Settings
Table 3.4-2 Settings of fault detector
Auxiliary element (AuxE) is mainly used to program logics to meet users’ applications or further
improve operating reliability of protection elements. Reliability of protective elements (such as
distance element or current differential element) is assured, auxiliary element is usually not
required to configure. Auxiliary elements including current change auxiliary element (AuxE.OCD),
residual current auxiliary element (AuxE.ROC), phase current auxiliary element (AuxE.OC),
voltage change auxiliary element (AuxE.UVD), phase under voltage auxiliary element (AuxE.UVG),
phase-to-phase under voltage auxiliary element (AuxE.UVS) and residual voltage auxiliary
element (AuxE.ROV), and they can be enabled or disabled by corresponding logic setting or
binary inputs. Users can configure them according to applications via PCS-Explorer software.
It shares DPFC current element of DPFC fault detector. If DPFC fault detector operates
(FD.DPFC.Pkp=1) and current change auxiliary element is enabled, current change auxiliary
element operates.
There are 3 stages for residual current auxiliary element (AuxE.ROC1, AuxE.ROC2 and
AuxE.ROC3). Each residual current auxiliary element will operate instantly if calculated residual
current amplitude is larger than corresponding current setting
AuxE.ROC1: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC1.3I0_Set]
AuxE.ROC2: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC2.3I0_Set]
AuxE.ROC3: 3I0>[AuxE.ROC3.3I0_Set]
Where:
There are 3 stages for phase current auxiliary element (AuxE.OC1, AuxE.OC2 and AuxE.OC3).
Each phase current auxiliary element will operate instantly if phase current amplitude is larger than
corresponding current setting.
AuxE.OC1: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC1.I_Set]
AuxE.OC2: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC2.I_Set]
AuxE.OC3: IΦMAX>[AuxE.OC3.I_Set]
Where:
ΔUΦMAX>[AuxE.UVD.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.UVG will operate instantly if any phase-to-ground voltage is lower than corresponding
voltage setting.
UΦMIN<[ AuxE.UVG.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.UVS will operate instantly if any phase-to-phase voltage is lower than corresponding voltage
setting.
UΦΦMIN<[ AuxE.UVS.U_Set]
Where:
AuxE.ROV will operate instantly if calculated residual voltage is larger than corresponding voltage
setting.
3U0>[ AuxE.ROV.3U0_Set]
Where:
AuxE
AuxE.OCD.En AuxE.St
AuxE.OCD.Blk AuxE.OCD.St_Ext
AuxE.ROCx.En AuxE.OCD.On
AuxE.ROCx.Blk AuxE.ROCx.St
AuxE.OCx.En AuxE.ROCx.On
AuxE.OCx.Blk AuxE.OCx.St
AuxE.UVD.En AuxE.OCx.StA
AuxE.UVD.Blk AuxE.OCx.StB
AuxE.UVG.En AuxE.OCx.StC
AuxE.UVG.Blk AuxE.OCx.On
AuxE.UVS.En AuxE.UVD.St
AuxE.UVS.Blk AuxE.UVD.St_Ext
AuxE.ROV.En AuxE.UVD.On
AuxE.ROV.Blk AuxE.UVG.St
AuxE.UVG.StA
AuxE.UVG.StB
AuxE.UVG.StC
AuxE.UVG.On
AuxE.UVS.St
AuxE.UVS.StAB
AuxE.UVS.StBC
AuxE.UVS.StCA
AuxE.UVS.On
AuxE.ROV.St
AuxE.ROV.On
Where:
x can be 1, 2 or 3
3.5.5 Logic
SIG FD.DPFC.Pkp
SIG AuxE.OCD.En
&
& 0s [AuxE.OCD.t_DDO] AuxE.OCD.St_Ext
SIG AuxE.OCD.Blk
AuxE.OCD.On
En AuxE.OCD.En
SIG Ia
Calculate residual
SIG Ib current:
3I0=Ia+Ib+Ic
SIG Ic
3I0>[AuxE.ROC1.3I0_Set] &
SIG AuxE.ROC1.En
& AuxE.ROC1.St
SIG AuxE.ROC1.Blk
AuxE.ROC1.On
En AuxE.ROC1.En
3I0>[AuxE.ROC2.3I0_Set] &
SIG AuxE.ROC2.En
& AuxE.ROC2.St
SIG AuxE.ROC2.Blk
AuxE.ROC2.On
En AuxE.ROC2.En
3I0>[AuxE.ROC3.3I0_Set] &
SIG AuxE.ROC3.En
& AuxE.ROC3.St
SIG AuxE.ROC3.Blk
AuxE.ROC3.On
En AuxE.ROC3.En
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC1.En
&
& AuxE.OC1.St
SIG AuxE.OC1.Blk
En AuxE.OC1.En AuxE.OC1.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC2.En
&
& AuxE.OC2.St
SIG AuxE.OC2.Blk
En AuxE.OC2.En AuxE.OC2.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC3.En
&
& AuxE.OC3.St
SIG AuxE.OC3.Blk
En AuxE.OC4.En AuxE.OC3.On
0s [AuxE.UVD.t_Ext] AuxE.UVD.St_Ext
SIG AuxE.UVD.En
&
SIG AuxE.UVD.Blk AuxE.UVD.On
En AuxE.UVD.En
>=1
SIG AuxE.UVG.En
&
& AuxE.UVG.St
SIG AuxE.UVG.Blk
En AuxE.UVG.En
AuxE.UVG.On
>=1
SIG AuxE.UVS.En
&
& AuxE.UVS.St
SIG AuxE.UVS.Blk
En AuxE.UVS.En
AuxE.UVS.On
SIG AuxE.ROV.En
&
SIG AuxE.ROV.Blk AuxE.ROV.On
En AuxE.ROV.En
SIG AuxE.OCD.St_Ext
SIG AuxE.ROC1.St
>=1
SIG AuxE.ROC2.St
SIG AuxE.ROC3.St
>=1
SIG AuxE.OC1.St
>=1 AuxE.St
SIG AuxE.OC2.St
SIG AuxE.OC3.St
SIG AuxE.ROV.St
3.5.6 Settings
Table 3.5-2 Settings of auxiliary element
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 1 phase
current auxiliary element
10 AuxE.OC1.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting of stage 2 phase current
11 AuxE.OC2.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 2 phase
current auxiliary element
12 AuxE.OC2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting of stage 3 phase current
13 AuxE.OC3.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling stage 3 phase
current auxiliary element
14 AuxE.OC3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for voltage change
15 AuxE.UVD.U_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
auxiliary element
Drop-off time delay of voltage change
16 AuxE.UVD.t_DDO 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling voltage change
auxiliary element
17 AuxE.UVD.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for phase-to-ground
18 AuxE.UVG.U_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
under voltage auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
under voltage auxiliary element
19 AuxE.UVG.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for phase-to-phase
20 AuxE.UVS.U_Set 0~Unn 0.001 V
under voltage auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
under voltage auxiliary element
21 AuxE.UVS.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Voltage setting for residual voltage
22 AuxE.ROV.3U0_Set 0~Un 0.001 V
auxiliary element
Enabling/disabling residual voltage
auxiliary element
23 AuxE.ROV.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
When a fault happens on a power system, distance protection will trip circuit breaker to isolate the
fault from power system with its specific time delay if the fault is within the protected zone of
distance protection.
The device comprises 3 forward zones and 1 reverse zone. For each independent distance
element zone, full scheme design provides continuous measurement of impedance separately in
three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as well as in three independent
phase-to-ground measuring loops. Selection of zone characteristic between mho and quadrilateral
is available. Distance protection includes:
It is independent fast protection providing extremely fast speed to clear close up fault
especially on long line and thus improves system stability.
6. Load encroachment
It is used to prevent all distance elements from undesired trip due to load encroachment
under heavy load condition especially for long lines.
For power swing with external fault, distance protection is always blocked, but for power
swing with internal fault, PSBR will operate to release the blocking for distance protection.
For manual closing or automatic closing on to a fault, zone 2 or 3 of distance protection will
accelerate to trip.
When VT circuit fails, VT circuit supervision logic will output a blocking signal to block all distance
protection except DPFC distance protection. The operating threshold will be increased to 1.5U N to
enhance stability.
Distance protection can select line VT or bus VT for protection algorithm by a setting
[VTS.En_LineVT]. When no VT is provided, logic setting [VTS.En_Out_VT] should be set as “1”,
all distance protection will be blocked automatically. The coordination among zones of distance
protection is shown in the following figure.
Z4
M P N
EM A B C D EN
Z1、DZ
Z2
Z3
Where:
The zone 1 impedance reach setting should be set to cover as much the protected line as possible
but not to respond faults beyond the protected line. The accuracy of the relay distance elements is
±2.5% in general applications, however, the error could be much larger due to errors of current
transformer, voltage transformer and inaccuracies of line parameter from which the relay settings
are calculated. It is recommended the zone 1 reach is set to 80%~85% of the protected line in
consideration the aforesaid errors and safety margin to prevent instantaneously tripping for faults
on adjacent lines. The remaining 20% of the protected line relies on the zone 2 distance elements.
The general rule for zone 2 impedance reach setting is set to cover the protected line plus 20% of
the adjacent line. However, the coverage of adjacent line should be extended in the presence of
additional infeed at the remote end of the protected line to ensure 20% coverage of adjacent line.
This assures the fast operation of zone 2 distance element for faults at the remote end of the
protected line since the fault is well within zone 2 reach. In a parallel line situation, a fault cleared
sequentially on a line may cause current reversal in the healthy line.
The Z3 distance element acts as backup protection for protected line and adjacent line but not to
over the zone 2 setting of adjacent line. The zone 3 impedance reach is generally 2 times zone 1
reach, i.e. 160% of protected line.
For different system impedance ratio (SIR), the operating time of distance protection for different
fault location are shown as the following figures.
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
33
32.5
32
Operating Time (ms)
31.5
31
30.5
30
29.5
29
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
27.5
27
Operating Time (ms)
26.5
26
25.5
25
24.5
24
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
45
40
35
30
Operating Time (ms)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
Operating Time (ms)
25
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
33
32
31
Operating Time (ms)
30
29
28
27
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
27.5
27
26.5
Operating Time (ms)
26
25.5
25
24.5
24
23.5
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
The power system is normally treated as a balanced symmetrical three-phase network. When a
fault occurs in the power system, by applying the principle of superposition, the load current and
voltage can be calculated in the system prior to the fault and the pure fault component can be
calculated by fault current or voltage subtracted by pre-fault load current or voltage. DPFC
distance protection concerns change of current and voltage at power frequency, therefore, DPFC
distance protection is not influenced by load current.
As an independent fast protection, DPFC distance protection is mainly used to clear close up fault
of long line quickly, its protected range can set as 80%~85% of the whole line.
Since DPFC distance protection only reflects fault component and is not influenced by current
change due to load variation and power swing, power swing blocking (PSB) is this not required.
Moreover, there is no transient overreaching due to infeed current from the remote power supply
because it is not influenced by load current.
DPFC distance protection may not overreach, and its protected zone will be inverse-proportion
reduced with system impedance behind it, i.e. the protected zone will be less than setting if the
system impedance is greater. The protected zone will be close to setting value if the system
impedance is smaller. Therefore, DPFC distance protection is usually used for long transmission
line with large power source and it is recommended to disable DPFC distance protection for short
line or the line with weak power source.
ZZD
M F N
Z
EM EN
∆I
ZS ZK
jX
Zzd
Zk
Φ
R
Zs+Zk
-Zs
Where:
Figure 3.6-14 shows the operation characteristic of DPFC distance protection on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in forward direction, which is the circle with the –Zs as the center and the│Zs+Zzd│ as
the radius. When measured impedance Z k is in the circle, DPFC distance protection will operate.
DPFC distance protection has a larger capability of enduring fault resistance than distance
protection using positive-sequence as polarized voltage.
ZZD
F M N
Z
EM EN
∆I
ZK
Z′S
jX
Z's
Zzd
Φ R
-Zk
Figure 3.6-15 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane
when a fault occurs in reverse direction, which is the circle with the Z′S as the center and
the│Z′S-Zzd│as the radius. The region of operation is in the quadrant 1 but the measured
impedance -Zk is always in the quadrant 3, the DPFC distance protection will not operate.
The DPFC distance protection can be enabled or disabled by logic setting and binary input.
21D
21D.En 21D.Op
21D.Blk 21D.On
3.6.3.4 Logic
EN [21D.En] 21D.On
&
SIG 21D.En
SIG 21D.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
SET [21D.Z_Set]<0.05Ω/In
SIG UPP<0.85Unn
SIG PD signal
Note!
PD signal only blocks DPFC distance element of corresponding phase (i.e. broken phase),
and healthy phases (operation phases) are not affected.
3.6.3.5 Settings
When distance protection is used to protect long, heavily loaded lines, the risk of encroachment of
the load impedance into the tripping characteristic of the distance protection may exist. A load
trapezoid characteristic for all zones is used to exclude the risk of unwanted fault detection by the
distance protection during heavy load flow.
As shown below, if the measured impedance into the load area, distance elements need to be
blocked.
jX
φLoad φLoad
Load Area Load Area
R
RLoad RLoad
Two settings are equipped to exclude the encroachment of the load impedance:
LoadEnch
LoadEnch.En LoadEnch.St
LoadEnch.Blk LoadEnch.On
3.6.4.4 Settings
ZZD
M F N
Z IN
EM EN
I
ZS ZK
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
-2ZS/3
Where:
ZS: total impedance between local system and protective device location
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
In short line, phase shift θ1 could be applied to the polarized voltage to improve the performance
against high resistance fault. The device provides an angle-shift setting, [ZG.phi_Shift], to set
value of θ1 among 0°, 15°and 30°. Their impedance shift characteristics towards quadrant 1 are
respectively shown as the impedance circle A, B and C in Figure 3.6-23.
For zone 3:
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
UPΦ uses phase positive-sequence voltage as polarized voltage. For earth fault, positive-sequence
voltage is mainly formed from healthy phases, basically retaining the phase of the
positive-sequence voltage before fault.
The operation characteristic is shown in Figure 3.6-18. Operation characteristic of ZK on R-X plane
is a circle with line connecting ends of ZZD and -2ZS/3 as the diameter. The origin is enclosed in the
circle.
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
-ZS/2
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
Phase shift θ2 could be applied to polarized voltage of zones 1 and 2 just like θ1 in
phase-to-ground distance element. It is also used for improving performance against high
resistance fault in short line. The device provides an angle-shift setting, [21M.ZP.phi_Shift], to set
value of θ2 among 0°, 15°and 30°. Their impedance shift characteristics towards quadrant 1 are
respectively shown as the impedance circle A, B and C in Figure 3.6-23.
For zone 3:
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
Figure 3.6-20 shows operation characteristic of measured impedance -ZK on R-X plane when an
asymmetric reverse fault occurs. This characteristic is a circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and
Z'S as the diameter. It will operate only when -ZK is in the circle. Therefore, directionality of the
distanced protection is achieved.
ZZD
F M N
Z
EM EN
IΦ
ZK
Z′S
jX
Z'S
ZZD
Φ
R
-ZK
Z'S: total impedance between remote system and protective device location
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
Phase-to-phase distance protection is also used for three-phase short-circuit fault. The operation
characteristic is shown in Figure 3.6-21. Operation characteristic of ZK on R-X plane is a circle with
setting impedance ZZD as the diameter.
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
Circle C
-ZS Circle B
Circle A
Where:
ZS: total impedance between local system and protective device location
As shown in Figure 3.6-22, the characteristic of the distance protection for a three-phase fault on a
system is an impedance circle cross the origin, and there is a voltage dead zone around the origin.
In order to eliminate the dead zone of the distance protection for a close up three-phase fault
memorized positive-sequence voltage is adopted as polarized voltage when the
positive-sequence voltage drops down to 15%Un or below.
The transient (during process of memory) operation characteristic is shown as the impedance
circle A in the above figure. The circle takes Z ZD and -ZZS as diameter and thus the origin is within
the impedance circle. When three-phase fault happens in reverse direction, its transient
characteristic is shown in Figure 3.6-20, i.e. the distance protection has a clearly defined
directionality and no dead zone during the process of memory.
For zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 of the phase-to-phase distance protection, if distance protection
operates with memorized polarizing voltage, this means a close up forward fault. When the
memory fades out, the operation characteristic will be reverse offset a little to enclose the origin as
impedance circle B shown in Figure 3.6-22 to ensure keeping operating of distance protection until
the fault being cleared. If distance protection does not operate with memorized polarizing voltage,
it will be a close up reverse fault. When the memory fades out, the operation characteristic will be
forward offset not to enclose the origin as impedance circle C shown in Figure 3.6-22, and the
distance protection will not mal-operate even if voltage is zero.
The distance protection with such design thoroughly eliminates the dead zone when three-phase
close up fault occurs. It also has favorable directivity and will not operate for a reverse three-phase
fault at busbar.
When receiving manual closing signal or 3-pole reclosing signal, the operation characteristic of
phase to phase distance protection will always enclose the origin of impedance, with no dead zone,
i.e. the reverse offset impedance circle B shown in Figure 3.6-22.
jX
B: 15° C: 30°
ZZD
A: 0°
D
-ZS
The impedance characteristic of phase-to-ground distance protection is the circle with line
connecting ends of ZZD and -2ZS/3 as the diameter and that of phase-to-phase distance is the
circle with line connecting ends of ZZD and -ZS/2 as the diameter.
In order to prevent the transient overreach caused by the infeed power supply from the remote
end, the zero-sequence reactance line D is added. These measures have enhanced the capacity
against fault resistance when using distance protection in short lines.
3. Zone 4
ZZDR ZZDF
F M N
I Z
EM EN
ZK
jX
ZZDF
Φ
R
ZK
ZZDR
Where:
When a fault occurs on the rear busbar, reverse distance element is provided to clear it with
definite time delay and is taken as backup protection for reverse busbar fault. Its operation
characteristic is shown in Figure 3.6-24.
21M
21M.En 21M.Z1.On
21M.Blk 21M.Z2.On
21M.ZGx.En 21M.Z3.On
21M.ZPx.En 21M.Z4.On
21M.ZGx.Blk 21M.Z1.Op
21M.ZPx.Blk 21M.Z2.Op
21M.Zx.En_ShortDly 21M.Z3.Op
21M.Zx.Blk_ShortDly 21M.Z4.Op
21M.Z1.En_Instant
3.6.5.4 Logic
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
SIG 21M.Enable
SIG 21M.ZG1.En
&
& 21M.ZG1.Enable
EN [21M.ZG1.En]
SIG 21M.Z1.Rls_PSBR
SET 3I0>[FD.ROC.3I0_Set]
>=1
SIG Flag.21M.ZP1 & 21M.Z1.Flg_PSBR
SIG 21M.Z1.En_Instant
Where:
LoadEnch.St (PG) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-ground impedance into the load area.
LoadEnch.St (PP) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-phase impedance into the load area.
SIG 21M.Enable
SIG 21M.ZG2.En
&
& 21M.ZG2.Enable
EN [21M.ZG2.En]
SIG 21M.ZG2.Blk
SIG 21M.ZP2.En
&
& 21M.ZP2.Enable
EN [21M.ZP2.En]
EN [21M.Z2.En_ShortDly]
SIG 21M.Z2.Enable_ShortDly
SET 3I0>[FD.ROC.3I0_Set]
SIG 21M.Z2.Enable_ShortDly
Where:
SIG 21M.Enable
SIG 21M.ZG3.En
&
& 21M.ZG3.Enable
EN [21M.ZG3.En]
SIG 21M.ZG3.Blk
SIG 21M.ZP3.En
&
& 21M.ZP3.Enable
EN [21M.ZP3.En]
EN [21M.Z3.En_ShortDly]
SIG 21M.Z3.Enable_ShortDly
SIG 21M.Z3.Rls_PSBR
&
[21M.ZG3.t_ShortDly] 0 >=1
SIG FD.Pkp & 21M.ZG3.Op
&
SIG 21M.ZG3.Enable [21M.ZG3.t_Op] 0
SIG Flag.21M.ZG3
&
SET 3I0>[FD.ROC.3I0_Set] >=1
21M.Z3.Flg_PSBR
SIG LoadEnch.St (PG)
SIG 21M.Z3.Enable_ShortDly
Where:
SIG 21M.Enable
SIG 21M.ZG4.En
&
& 21M.ZG4.Enable
EN [21M.ZG4.En]
SIG 21M.ZG4.Enable
&
[21M.ZG4.t_Op] 0 21M.ZG4.Op
SET 3I0>[FD.ROC.3I0_Set]
&
SIG LoadEnch.St (PG) >=1
21M.Z4.Flg_PSBR
SIG Flag.21M.ZG4
SIG FD.Pkp
Where:
3.6.5.5 Settings
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
zone 2 of distance protection operation
15 21M.ZG2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 to block AR
0: disable
1: enable
Impedance setting of zone 2 of
16 21M.ZP2.Z_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-phase distance protection
Time delay of zone 2 of
17 21M.ZP2.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-phase distance protection
Short time delay of zone 2 of
18 21M.ZP2.t_ShortDly 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-phase distance protection
Enabling/disabling zone 2 of
phase-to-phase distance protection
19 21M.ZP2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
zone 2 of distance protection operation
20 21M.ZP2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 to block AR
0: disable
1: enable
Fixed accelerate zone 2 of distance
protection
21 21M.Z2.En_ShortDly 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Impedance setting of zone 3 of
22 21M.ZG3.Z_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-ground distance protection
Time delay of zone 3 of
23 21M.ZG3.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-ground distance protection
Short time delay of zone 3 of
24 21M.ZG3.t_ShortDly 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-ground distance protection
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of
phase-to-ground distance protection
25 21M.ZG3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
zone 3 of distance protection operation
26 21M.ZG3.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 to block AR
0: disable
1: enable
Impedance setting of zone 3 of
27 21M.ZP3.Z_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-phase distance protection
Time delay of zone 3 of
28 21M.ZP3.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-phase distance protection
29 21M.ZP3.t_ShortDly 0.000~10.000 0.001 s Short time delay of zone 3 of
Features available with quadrilateral distance protection include 3 forward zones (zone 1~3)
phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase distance elements and 1 reverse zone (zone 4)
phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase distance element. Each zone can respectively enable or
disable power swing blocking releasing. Quadrilateral distance protection will be disabled when VT
circuit fails.
1. Zone 1, 2 and 3
Quadrilateral forward distance element characteristic for zone 1, 2 and 3 is shown as follows:
jX
A ZZD
θ
B
α φ
φ
β R
O RZD
C
Where:
2. Zone 4
When a fault occurs on the busbar at the back, reverse distance element zone 4 is provided to
clear it with definite time delay and is used as backup protection for reverse busbar fault.
jX
C
RZD β O
R
φ φ
α
B
θ
ZZD A
Where:
For quadrilateral distance protection, the reactance line should consider downward offset angle θ
as shown in Figure 3.6-30 and Figure 3.6-31. According to system status, the downward offset
angle can be independently set for phase-to-ground distance element and phase-to-phase
distance element. The downward offset angle of all zones can be settable by the corresponding
settings [21Q.ZGx.RCA] and [21Q.ZPx.RCA]. (x=1, 2, 3, 4)
21Q
21Q.En 21Q.Z1.On
21Q.Blk 21Q.Z2.On
21Q.ZGx.En 21Q.Z3.On
21Q.ZPx.En 21Q.Z4.On
21Q.ZGx.Blk 21Q.Z1.Op
21Q.ZPx.Blk 21Q.Z2.Op
21Q.Zx.En_ShortDly 21Q.Z3.Op
21Q.Zx.Blk_ShortDly 21Q.Z4.Op
21Q.Z1.En_Instant
3.6.6.4 Logic
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
SIG 21Q.Enable
EN [21Q.ZG1.En]
& >=1
& 21Q.ZG1.Enable 21Q.Z1.On
SIG 21Q.ZG1.En
SIG 21Q.ZG1.Blk
EN [21Q.ZP1.En]
&
& 21Q.ZP1.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZP1.En
SIG 21Q.ZP1.Blk
FD.Pkp
>=1
SIG & 21Q.Z1.Flg_PSBR
SIG 21Q.Z1.En_Instant
Where:
LoadEnch.St (PG) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-ground impedance into the load area.
LoadEnch.St (PP) means that load trapezoid characteristic for distance element is enabled and
measured phase-to-phase impedance into the load area.
SIG 21Q.Enable
EN [21Q.ZG2.En]
& >=1
& 21Q.ZG2.Enable 21Q.Z2.On
SIG 21Q.ZG2.En
SIG 21Q.ZG2.Blk
EN [21Q.ZP2.En]
&
& 21Q.ZP2.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZP2.En
SIG 21Q.ZP2.Blk
EN [21Q.Z2.En_ShortDly]
SIG 21Q.Z2.Enable_ShortDly
SIG 21Q.ZP2.Enable
& &
SIG LoadEnch.St (PP) & [21Q.ZP2.t_ShortDly] 0 >=1
21Q.ZP2.Op
SIG Flag.21Q.ZP2
[21Q.ZP2.t_Op] 0
SIG 21Q.ZG2.Op >=1
21Q.Z2.Op
SIG 21Q.ZP2.Op
Where:
SIG 21Q.Enable
EN [21Q.ZG3.En]
& >=1
& 21Q.ZG3.Enable 21Q.Z3.On
SIG 21Q.ZG3.En
SIG 21Q.ZG3.Blk
EN [21Q.ZP3.En]
&
& 21Q.ZP3.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZP3.En
SIG 21Q.ZP3.Blk
EN [21Q.Z3.En_ShortDly]
SIG 21Q.Z3.Enable_ShortDly
FD.Pkp
>=1
SIG & 21Q.Z3.Flg_PSBR
SIG 21Q.ZP3.Enable
& &
SIG LoadEnch.St (PP) & [21Q.ZP3.t_ShortDly] 0 >=1
21Q.ZP3.Op
SIG Flag.21Q.ZP3
[21Q.ZP3.t_Op] 0
SIG 21Q.ZG3.Op >=1
21Q.Z3.Op
SIG 21Q.ZP3.Op
Where:
SIG 21Q.Enable
EN [21Q.ZG4.En]
& >=1
& 21Q.ZG4.Enable 21Q.Z4.On
SIG 21Q.ZG4.En
SIG 21Q.ZG4.Blk
EN [21Q.ZP4.En]
&
& 21Q.ZP4.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZP4.En
SIG 21Q.ZP4.Blk
SIG Flag.21Q.ZP4
Where:
3.6.6.5 Settings
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
zone 2 of distance protection operation
19 21Q.ZG2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 to block AR
0: disable
1: enable
Downward offset angle of the
20 21Q.ZP2. RCA 0~45 1 Deg reactance line for zone 2 of
phase-to-phase distance protection
Impedance setting of zone 2 of
21 21Q.ZP2.Z_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-phase distance protection
Resistance setting of zone 2 of
22 21Q.ZP2.R_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-phase distance protection
Time delay of zone 2 of
23 21Q.ZP2.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-phase distance protection
Short time delay of zone 2 of phase-to-
24 21Q.ZP2.t_ShortDly 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase distance protection
Enabling/disabling zone 2 of
phase-to-phase distance protection
25 21Q.ZP2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
zone 2 of distance protection operation
26 21Q.ZP2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 to block AR
0: disable
1: enable
Fixed accelerate zone 2 of distance
protection
27 21Q.Z2. En_ShortDly 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Downward offset angle of the
28 21Q.ZG3.RCA 0~45 1 Deg reactance line for zone 3 of
phase-to-ground distance protection
Impedance setting of zone 3 of
29 21Q.ZG3.Z_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-ground distance protection
Resistance setting of zone 3 of
30 21Q.ZG3.R_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-ground distance protection
Time delay of zone 3 of
31 21Q.ZG3.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-ground distance protection
Short time delay of zone 3 of
32 21Q.ZG3.t_ShortDly 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-ground distance protection
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of
33 21Q.ZG3.En 0 or 1
phase-to-ground distance protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
zone 3 of distance protection operation
34 21Q.ZG3.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 to block AR
0: disable
1: enable
Downward offset angle of the
35 21Q.ZP3. RCA 0~45 1 Deg reactance line for zone 3 of
phase-to-phase distance protection
Impedance setting of zone 3 of
36 21Q.ZP3.Z_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-phase distance protection
Resistance setting of zone 3 of
37 21Q.ZP3.R_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-phase distance protection
Time delay of zone 3 of
38 21Q.ZP3.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-phase distance protection
Short time delay of zone 3 of
39 21Q.ZP3.t_ShortDly 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-phase distance protection
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of
phase-to-phase distance protection
40 21Q.ZP3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
zone 3 of distance protection operation
41 21Q.ZP3.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 to block AR
0: disable
1: enable
Fixed accelerate zone 3 of distance
protection
42 21Q.Z3. En_ShortDly 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Downward offset angle of the
43 21Q.ZG4.RCA 0~45 1 Deg reactance line for zone 4 of
phase-to-ground distance protection
Impedance setting of zone 3 of
44 21Q.ZG4.Z_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-ground distance protection
Resistance setting of zone 3 of
45 21Q.ZG4.R_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-ground distance protection
Time delay of zone 4 of
46 21Q.ZG4.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-ground distance protection
Enabling/disabling zone 4 of
phase-to-ground distance protection
47 21Q.ZG4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
zone 4 of distance protection operation
to block AR (Internal setting, its default
48 21Q.ZG4.En_BlkAR 0 or 1
value is “1”)
0: disable
1: enable
Downward offset angle of the
49 21Q.ZP4. RCA 0~45 1 Deg reactance line for zone 4 of
phase-to-phase distance protection
Impedance setting of zone 3 of
50 21Q.ZP4.Z_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-phase distance protection
Resistance setting of zone 3 of
51 21Q.ZP4.R_Set (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
phase-to-phase distance protection
Time delay of zone 4 of
52 21Q.ZP4.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
phase-to-phase distance protection
Enabling/disabling zone 4 of
phase-to-phase distance protection
53 21Q.ZP4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
zone 4 of distance protection operation
to block AR (Internal setting, its default
54 21Q.ZP4.En_BlkAR 0 or 1
value is “1”)
0: disable
1: enable
Power swing is generally a dynamic process when power system is disturbed. When power swing
occurs, the angle between the generators in parallel operation, the frequency of the system, the
voltage on the bus, the current and power of the branch lines are all fluctuating. Power swing may
destroy the normal operation of power systems and even damage electrical equipment, causing
the system to collapse.
68
68.En 68.St
68.Blk
3.6.7.3 Logic
EN [68.En] &
&
SIG 68.En &
SIG 68.Blk
SIG 3 CB open
>=1
SIG Unblocking for SF
Y: 21M or 21Q
3.6.7.4 Settings
Power swing blocking for distance element will be released if any of the following PSBR elements
operates. Each distance zone elements has respective setting for selection this function.
If any of the following condition is matched, FD PSBR will operate for 160ms.
Positive sequence current is lower than the setting [I_PSBR] before general fault detector element
operates.
As shown in figure below, assume normal load impedance locates at position 1, and the
impedance under current “I_PSBR” locates at position 2, if the condition for FD PSBR mentioned
above operates, it means FD operates between point 1, point 2 and point 3 as example, then FD
PSBR will operate for 160ms.
[I_PSBR]
FD
Normal load
impedance
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
I0+I2>m×I1
The “m”, an empirical value, is internal fixed coefficient which can ensure UF PSBR operation
during power swing with internal unsymmetrical fault, while no operation during power swing or
power swing with external fault.
In case of power swing or both power swing and external fault, asymmetric fault discriminating
element will not operate and distance protection will be blocked:
In case of power swing but no fault, I0 and I2 are near zero, but I1 is very large. Asymmetric fault
discriminating element will not operate.
In case of both power swing and external fault, if center of power swing is in scope of protection,
both phase-to-phase and grounding impedance relays may operate. At this time, selection of
value of m is used to ensure no operation of asymmetric fault discriminating element, blocking of
distance protection, and no incorrect operation without selectivity. If power swing center is not on
this line, distance protection will not operate incorrectly without selectivity due to power swing.
In case of internal asymmetric fault, asymmetric fault discriminating element operates and
distance protection will be release to clear internal fault:
In case of both power swing and internal fault, if at the instant of short circuit, system electric
potential angle is not laid out, asymmetric fault discriminating element will operate at once. If at the
instant of short circuit, system electric potential angle is laid out, asymmetric fault discriminating
element will operate when system angle gradually decreases, or local side tripping may be
activated after immediate operation of opposite side asymmetric fault discriminating element and
releasing of distance protection tripping. In case of normal internal asymmetric phase-to-phase or
grounding fault in the system, relatively large zero-sequence or negative-sequence component will
exist. At this time, the above equation is true and distance protection will be released.
If a three-phase fault occurs and FD PSBR is invalid (160ms after FD operates), neither FD PSBR
nor UF PSBR will be able to release the distance protection. Thus, SF PSBR is provided for this
case specially. This detection is based on measuring the voltage at power swing center, during
power swing, U1cosΦ will constantly change periodically.
UOS=U1×COSΦ
Where:
As shown in the figure below, assume system connection impedance angle of 90°, current vector
will be perpendicular to the line connecting E M and EN, and have the same phase as power swing
center voltage. During normal operation of system or power swing, U1cosΦ just reflects
positive-sequence voltage of power swing center. In case of 3-phase short circuit, U1cosΦ is
voltage drop on arc resistor, transition resistance is arc resistance, and voltage drop on arc resistor
is less than 5%UN. In actual system, line impedance angle is not 90°. Through compensation of
angle Φ, power swing center voltage can be measured accurately. After compensation, power
swing center voltage is U1cos(Φ+90o-ΦL), where ΦL is line impedance angle.
I
EM U EN
UOS
During power swing, power swing center voltage U 1cosΦ has the following characteristics: When
electric potential phase angle difference between power supplies at two sides is 180o, U1cosΦ=0
and change rate dU1cosΦ/dt is the maximum. When this phase angle difference is near 0 o, power
swing center voltage change rate dU 1cosΦ/dt is the minimum. During short circuit, U 1cosΦ
remains unchanged and dU1cosΦ/dt=0. However, in early stage of short circuit when normal state
enters short circuit state, dU1cosΦ/dt is very large. Therefore, use of dU 1cosΦ/dt solely to
differentiate power swing and short circuit is not complete.
For these reasons, the method to release distance protection on condition that power swing center
voltage U1cosΦ is less than a setting and after a short delay can be used as symmetric fault
discriminating element. This element can accurately differentiate power swing and 3-phase short
circuit fault, and constitute a complete power swing blocking scheme with other elements. The
element to open distance protection if U 1cosΦ is less than a certain setting and after a delay is
easy to realize and has short delay, and can trip fault more quickly and accurately trip 3-phase
short circuit fault during power swing.
The second criterion is a backup of the first criterion allowing longer monitoring period of voltage
variation.
To reduce the time delay for SF PSBR element during power swing, the change rate of voltage at
power swing center is also used which can release SF PSBR element quickly for the fault occurred
during power swing. The typical release time is less than 60ms.
21M
21M.En_PSBR 21M.Z1.Rls_PSBR
21M.Blk_PSBR 21M.Z2.Rls_PSBR
21M.Z3.Rls_PSBR
21Q
21Q.En_PSBR 21Q.Z1.Rls_PSBR
21Q.Blk_PSBR 21Q.Z2.Rls_PSBR
21Q.Z3.Rls_PSBR
3.6.8.3 Logic
SIG FD.Pkp
Unblocking for SF
>=1 &
Y.Zx.Rls_PSBR
Unblocking for UF
>=1
SIG Y.Zx.Flg_PSBR
SIG Y.Zx.Flg_PSBR
Y: 21M or 21Q
x: 1, 2 or 3
3.6.8.4 Settings
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 2 of
distance protection controlled by
3 21M.Z2.En_PSBR 0 or 1 PSBR (Mho characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 2 of
distance protection controlled by
4 21Q.Z2.En_PSBR 0 or 1 PSBR (Quad characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of
distance protection controlled by
5 21M.Z3.En_PSBR 0 or 1 PSBR (Mho characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of
distance protection controlled by
6 21Q.Z3.En_PSBR 0 or 1 PSBR (Quad characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Current setting for power swing
7 21M.I_PSBR (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
blocking (Mho characteristic)
Current setting for power swing
8 21Q.I_PSBR (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
blocking (Quad characteristic)
When the circuit breaker is closed manually or automatically, it is possible to switch on to a fault.
This is especially critical if the line in the remote station is grounded, since the distance protection
would not clear the fault until overreach zones (zone 2 and/or zone 3) time delays have elapsed. In
this situation, however, the fastest possible clearance is required.
The SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to the distance protection.
With distance SOTF protection, a fast trip is achieved for a fault on the whole line, when the line is
being energized. It shall be responsive to all types of faults anywhere within the protected line.
21SOTF
21SOTF.En 21SOTF.On
21SOTF.Blk 21SOTF.Op
21SOTF.Op_PDF
3.6.9.3 Logic
EN [21SOTF.En]
Distance SOTF protection can be enabled or disabled, and can be initiated by several cases,
including manual closing signal, 3-pole reclosing, 1-pole reclosing and pole discrepancy
conditions.
BI [52b_PhA]
>=1
BI [52b_PhB]
BI [52b_PhC]
&
SIG FD.Pkp >=1
0 400ms Manual closing signal
EN [SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls]=1 or 2
EN [SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls]=0 or 2 &
BI ManCls
&
EN [21SOTF.En_ManCls] &
[21SOTF.t_ManCls] 0 21SOTF.Op
EN [21SOTF.Z2.En_ManCls] &
SIG Y.Z2.Flg_PSBR
SIG Y.Z3.Flg_PSBR
EN [21SOTF.Z4.En_ManCls] &
SIG Y.Z4.Flg_PSBR
SIG FD.Pkp
Figure 3.6-40 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by manual closing signal
When the circuit breaker is in open position while the device does not pick up, or external manual
closing binary input is energized, then manual closing signal will be kept for 400ms, which will
enable SOTF logic only for 400ms.
SIG 21SOTF.On
EN [21SOTF.En_3PAR] &
EN [21SOTF.Z2.En_3PAR] &
SIG Y.Z2.Flg_PSBR
>=1
EN [21SOTF.Z2.En_PSBR] &
SIG Y.Z2.Rls_PSBR
&
EN [21SOTF.Z3.En_3PAR] & & [21SOTF.t_3PAR] 0 >=1
>=1 >=1 21SOTF.Op
SIG Y.Z3.Flg_PSBR
EN [21SOTF.Z3.En_PSBR] &
SIG Y.Z3.Rls_PSBR
EN [21SOTF.Z4.En_3PAR] &
SIG Y.Z4.Flg_PSBR
>=1
EN [21SOTF.Z4.En_PSBR] &
SIG Y.Z4.Rls_PSBR
EN [21SOTF.En_1PAR]
&
& [21SOTF.t_1PAR] 0
SIG PD signal
SIG Y.Z2.Rls_PSBR
For single-phase permanent fault, distance SOTF protection for 1-pole reclosing onto the faulty
phase will trip three-phase circuit breaker.
SIG FD.Pkp
&
EN [21SOTF.En_PDF] [21SOTF.t_PDF] 0 21SOTF.Op_PDF
Under pole discrepancy condition after single-phase tripping, distance SOTF protection will
accelerate to operate if another fault happens to the healthy phase.
Y: 21M or 21Q
3.6.9.4 Settings
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 2 of
distance SOTF protection for
5 21SOTF.Z2.En_3PAR 0 or 1 3-pole reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of
distance SOTF protection for
6 21SOTF.Z3.En_3PAR 0 or 1 3-pole reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 4 of
distance SOTF protection for
7 21SOTF.Z4.En_3PAR 0 or 1 3-pole reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 2
controlled by PSB of distance
SOTF protection for 3-pole
8 21SOTF.Z2.En_PSBR 0 or 1
reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 3
controlled by PSB of distance
SOTF protection for 3-pole
9 21SOTF.Z3.En_PSBR 0 or 1
reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling zone 4
controlled by PSB of distance
SOTF protection for 3-pole
10 21SOTF.Z4.En_PSBR 0 or 1
reclosing
1: enable
0: disable
Enabling/disabling distance SOTF
protection under pole discrepancy
11 21SOTF.En_PDF 0 or 1 conditions
1: enable
0: disable
Time delay of distance protection
12 21SOTF.t_PDF 0.000~10.000 0.001 s operating under pole discrepancy
conditions
13 SOTF.Opt_Mode_ManCls 0, 1 or 2 Option of manual SOTF mode
8 binary signals are configurable. The communication channel can be configured as single
channel mode or as dual channels mode. (FOx, x can be 1 or 2) according to the optical pilot
channel module selected.
The modules can communicate in two modes via multiplexer or dedicated optical fibre.
Communication through dedicated fibre is usually recommended unless the received power does
not meet with the requirement.
Channel of 64kbits/s or 2048kbits/s via dedicated fibre is shown in Figure 3.7-1 and Figure 3.7-2.
Two fibre cores of optical cable are dedicated to current differential protection.
Two fibre cores of optical cable are normally in service, and all data are exchanged via the other
healthy core if one core is failed.
TX RX
PCS-931 PCS-931
RX TX
ST connectors ST connectors
TX RX
PCS-931 PCS-931
RX TX
FC connectors FC connectors
Figure 3.7-2 Direct optical link up to 40km with 1310nm or up to 100km with 1550nm
Channel of 64kbits/s or 2048kbits/s via multiplexer is shown in Figure 3.7-3, Figure 3.7-4 and
Figure 3.7-5.
C37.94 (N*64kbits/s)
Communication convertor
Multi-mode FO
E Interface
TX RX Link to
PCS-931 communicate
RX TX device
O
ST connectors ST connectors
G.703 (64kbits/s)
MUX-64
Single-mode FO
E Interface
TX RX Link to
PCS-931 communicate
RX TX device
O
FC connectors FC connectors
G.703-E1 (2048kbits/s)
MUX-2M
Single-mode FO
E Interface
TX RX Link to
PCS-931 communicate
RX TX device
O
FC connectors FC connectors
The device transmits and receives messages based on respective clocks, which are called
transmit clock (i.e. clock TX) and receive clock (i.e. clock RX) respectively. Clock RX is fixed to be
extracted from message frame, which can ensure no slip frame and no error message received.
1. Use internal crystal clock, which is called internal clock. (master clock)
Depend on the clock used by the device at both ends, there are three modes.
1. Master-master mode
2. Slave-slave mode
3. Master-slave mode
One of them uses internal clock, the other uses external clock
The logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] is used in current differential protection to select the
communication clock. The internal clock is enabled automatically when the logic setting
[FOx.En_IntClock] is set as “1”. Contrarily, the external clock is enabled automatically when the
logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] is set to “0”.
If the device uses multiplex PCM channel, logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] at both ends should be
set as “0” (Mode 2). If the device uses dedicated optical fibre channel, clock Mode 1 and Mode 3
can be used. Mode 1 is recommended in considering simplification to user, i.e. logic setting
[FOx.En_IntClock] at both ends should be set as “1”.
In order to ensure reliability of the device when digital communication channel is applied, settings
[FO.LocID] and [FO.RmtID] are provided as identity code to distinguish uniquely the device at
remote end using same channel.
Under normal conditions, the identity code of the device at local end should be different with that at
remote end. In addition, it is recommended that the identity code of all devices, i.e., the setting
[FO.LocID], should be unique in the power grid. The setting range is from 0 to 65535. Only for loop
test, they are set as the same.
The setting [FO.LocID] of the device at an end should be the same as the setting [FO.RmtID] of
the device at opposite end and the greater [FO.LocID] between the two ends is chosen as a
master end for sampling synchronism, the smaller [FO.LocID] is slave end. If the setting [FO.LocID]
is set the same as [FO.RmtID], that implies the device in loopback testing state.
The setting [FO.LocID] is packaged in the message frame and transmitted to the remote end.
When the [FO.LocID] of the device at remote end received by local device is same to the setting
[FO.RmtID] of local device, the message received from the remote end is valid, and protection
information involved in message is read. When these settings are not matched, the message is
considered as invalid and protection information involved in message is ignored, corresponding
alarms will be issued.
The device has the function of on-line channel monitoring and channel statistics. It can produce
channel statistic report automatically at 9:00 every day and the report can be printed for operator
to check the channel quality. The monitoring contents of channel status are shown as follows, and
they can be viewed by the menu “Main Menu→Test→Prot Ch Counter→Chx Counter”.
It shows the starting time of the channel status statistics of the device at local end.
It shows the calculated communication channel time delay of the device at local end now (unit: us).
The calculation is based on the assumption of same channel path for to and from remote end. The
device measures propagation delay of communication channel based on the below principle.
Side S transmits a frame of message to side M, and meanwhile records the transmitting time “tss”
on the basis of clock on side S. When side M receives the message, it will record receiving time
“tmr” of the message with its own clock, and return a frame of message to side S at next fixed
transmitting time, meanwhile data of “tms-tmr” is included in the frame of message. Side S will
receive the message from side M at the time “tsr” and obtain the data of “tms-tmr”.
Therefore, the propagation delay of the channel “Td” is obtained through calculation:
(t sr t ss ) (t ms t mr )
Td
2
By using the above calculated “Td”, the device automatically compensate time synchronization of
sampling data at each end and transimission time lag.
T1
It shows the total number of the error frames of the device at local end from starting time of
channel statistics until now. Error frame means that this frame fails in CRC check.
It shows the total number of abnormal messages of the device at local end from starting time of
channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of the lost frames of the device at local end from starting time of channel
statistics until now.
7. FOx.N_RmtAbnor (total number of abnormal messages from the remote end of channel x)
It shows the total number of abnormal messages received from the remote end from starting time
of channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of serious error frame seconds of the device at local end from starting
time of the channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of loss synchronous of the device at local end from starting time of the
channel statistics until now.
FOx
FOx.En FOx.On
FOx.Send1 FOx.Recv1
FOx.Send2 FOx.Recv2
FOx.Send3 FOx.Recv3
FOx.Send4 FOx.Recv4
FOx.Send5 FOx.Recv5
FOx.Send6 FOx.Recv6
FOx.Send7 FOx.Recv7
FOx.Send8 FOx.Recv8
FOx.Alm
FOx.Alm_ID
3.7.5 Logic
SIG FOx.Alm_ID
Where:
n can be 1~8
3.7.6 Settings
Table 3.7-2 Settings of pilot channel
Current differential protection can be used as main protection of EHV and HV overhead line or
cable. It includes phase-segregated current differential protection and neutral current differential
protection.
The communication rate used by the device is 64kbits/s or 2048kbits/s. The maximum tolerable
one-way channel propagation delay is 20ms. A transfer trip and two transfer signals can be sent to
the remote end to fulfill some auxiliary functions via a communication channel.
The sensitivity of current differential protection is maintained for long lines by capacitive current
compensation. However, line voltage is required for capacitive current compensation and it will be
disabled automatically if no voltage is input or VT circuit fails.
The detailed channel status, including channel delay, current from the remote end and differential
current, can be displayed on the LCD.
DPFC (Deviation of Power Frequency Component) percent differential element only reflects fault
components which can perform a sensitive protection for the transmission line. Lab test shows that it is
more sensitive in the heavy load condition than the conventional percent differential element.
Operation criteria:
Where:
1.5U N
IH : Max(1.5×[87L.I_Pkp], )
X C1L
The calculation of DPFC restraint current and differential current is phase-segregated. In these
summations, charging current is eliminated from the phase currents by the charging current
compensation function, so it is not needed to consider capacitive current during disturbance status
for current differential setting threashold.
ΔIDiff
k=1
k=0.75
IH
ΔIBias
Due to high slope of DPFC percent differential protection, differential protection has higher ability
of anti-CT saturation. Meanwhile, the load current won’t affect the sensitivity of DPFC differential
elements, so the sensitivity is very high even for high impedance fault under heavy load.
Operation criteria:
Where:
1.25U N
IQ : Max([87L.I_Pkp], )
X C1L
ΔIDiff
k=1
k=0.75
IQ
ΔIBias
When the above criterion is met, the stage 2 of DPFC current differential element will operate after
1¼ cycles.
Operation criteria:
Where:
1.5U N
IH : Max(1.5×[87L.I_Pkp], )
X C1L
IDiffΦ
k=0.6
IH
IBiasΦ
Operation criteria:
Where:
1.25U N
IM : Max([87L.I_Pkp], )
X C1L
IDiffΦ
k=0.6
IM
IBiasΦ
When the above criterion is met, the stage 2 of steady-state differential current relay will operate
after 1¼ cycles.
The sensitivity of steady-state differential current element is too low for the slight fault during heavy
load, and DPFC current differential element can only reflect the slight fault during heavy load, but low
for the slow changing fault due to the small change of fault component. Neutral current differential
element can be very sensitive to this kind of fault.
Operation criteria:
Where:
IM : [87L.I_Pkp]
In these summations, charging current is eliminated from the phase currents by the charging current
compensation function. So it is not needed to consider capacitive current during disturbance status for
setting threashold
IDiff0
k=0.75
IM
IBias0
Due to high slope of neutral current differential protection, differential protection has higher ability
of anti-CT saturation. When the above criterion is met, the neutral current differential relay will
operate with a time delay (controlled by an internal setting, default value is 40ms).
For the long transmission line whose capacitive current is very large, in order to increase the
sensitivity of current differential element especially for an earth fault associated with high fault
resistance, capacitive current must be compensated to eliminate the effect that capacitive current
has on differential current. The traditional method of compensating capacitive current can only
compensate steady-state capacitive current. However, during the transient period, such as circuit
energization (as shown in below figure), external fault clearance, etc., there is large transient
capacitive current in the line.
The traditional method cannot compensate the capacitive current completely, hence, a new
method is adopted to compensate transient component of capacitive current.
Phase capacitive current of line can be derived from “∏” equivalent circuit. Under normal condition,
circuit energization and external fault clearance, not only steady-state component but also
transient component of capacitive current can be compensated. It can improve the sensitivity of
current differential protection.
M ZL N
A
ZL
B
ZL
C
For various system frequencies, the capacitive current which is shown in above figure can be
calculated by:
du c
ic C Equation 3.8-6
dt
Where:
C : Capacitance value
Based on the result of above equation, i.e. Equation 3.8-6, capacitance of each phase can be gained.
Because a part of capacitive current has been compensated by shunt reactor, reactive current IL
must be subtracted from capacitive current calculated by above equation, i.e. Equation 3.8-6.
Lp
ua
iLa
uL
Lf uf
ub
iLb
iL
uc
iLc
diL (t)
UL (t) - Uf (t) LP Equation 3.8-7
dt
U (t) U (t)dt
1 t
iL (t) iL (t - Δt) L f Equation 3.8-8
LP t Δt
Then,
du c
ic C iL (t) Equation 3.8-9
dt
Capacitive current is very small, the sensitivity of current differential protection can still meet the
requirement. The function, capacitive current compensation, will be disabled automatically if
differential current is smaller than 0.1In.
If transient capacitive current compensation is adopted, according to Equation 3.8-6 and Equation
3.8-9, the compensated transient capactive current of each side is calculated, then the transient
differential current and restraint current after compensation is calculated, so differential protection
function can be accomplished.
3.8.2.7 CT Supervision
If CT circuit fails, an alarm will be issued with a time delay. When CT circuit failure occurs at one
end, FD and current differential protection on the end might operate. However, FD on another end
will not operate and not send any permissive signal of current differential protection. Therefore, the
current differential protection will not maloperate. Meanwhile the healthy end will issue alarm
signal [87L.Alm_Diff_FO1] which will be treated as the same as the alarm [CTS.Alm].
However, if CT circuit failure associated with internal fault or pickup due to system disturbance is
If logic setting [87L.En_CTS_Blk] (differential protection being blocked during CT circuit failure) is
set as “1”, the current differential protection will be blocked.
If logic setting [87L.En_CTS_Blk] is set as “0” and the current differential current of the faulty
phase is more than the differential current setting [87L.I_Pkp_CTS] during CT circuit failure, the
current differential protection will operate with alarm signal being issued at the same time.
3.8.2.8 CT Saturation
Two detectors are used to prevent undesired tripping caused by severe CT saturation during
external close up fault. If the differential current is determined to be caused by CT saturation, the
device will block differential protection to prevent mal-operation.
Due to high slope of DPFC percent differential protection, differential protection has higher ability
of anti-CT saturation. For external fault as following figure, the restraint current will be able to
reflect the real quantity of system for a short time after current cross zero point and can be used as
the restraint current after CT enters into saturation status by the use of self-adaptive floating
threshold technology.
Fault-Current-SideA
10
0
A
-5
-10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Fault-Current-SideB
20
10
A
-10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Diff-Current
20
10
A
-10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Restraint-Current
20
CT
10
0
A
-10
-20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Figure 3.8-8 Relation between CT saturation differential current and restraint current
2. Asynchronous method: as shown in Figure 3.8-8, there is a short time before CT is saturated
after fault current cross zero point, during the period, CT can convert fault current accurately,
so there is restraint current but no differential current, the congruent relationship between
increased differential current and increased restraint current is used to judge if there is a
internal or external fault, strong anti-saturation ability can be get according to this method.
The above methods can prevent current differential protection from mal-operation if there is more
than 1/4 cycle before CT is saturated.
Between both ends, the device with greater ID code, normally called “master”, is taken as
reference, the device on the other end with smaller ID code, normally called “slave”, adjusts the
sampling interval to synchronization with “master”. The devices exchange synchronization
sampled values via communication channels.
The preconditions for synchronization sampling of the devices between both ends include:
2. The sending and receiving channels are of same route or same propagation delay (i.e. the
propagation delay of the two directions shall be equivalent).
Please refer to section 3.7 for more detail about optical pilot channel.
If the ratio of CTs on two ends of the line is different, current of two ends must be corrected to one
reference value. PCS-931 regards local end as the referenced end, differential current and
restraint current can be calculated since the current of the remote end is corrected by the setting.
[87L.K_Cr_CT].
Setting principle: Suppose CT ratio, Terminal M: k M=IM1n : IM2n; Terminal N: kN=IN1n : IN2n
IM1n: primary rated current of terminal M, IM2n: secondary rated current of terminal M
IN1n: primary rated current of terminal N, IN2n: secondary rated current of terminal N
If IM1n>= IN1n
Terminal M: [87L.K_Cr_CT]=1.00
For example:
If current of terminal M is IM, current of terminal N is IN, the differential current and restraint current
calculated on terminal M is:
INΦ
I DiffΦ IMΦ
87L.K_Cr_CT
INΦ
I BiasΦ IMΦ
87L.K_Cr_CT
87L
87L.En1 87L.On
87L.En2 87L.Op
87L.Blk 87L.Op_A
87L.Op_B
87L.Op_C
87L.Op_DPFC1
87L.Op_DPFC2
87L.Op_Biased1
87L.Op_Biased2
87L.Op_Neutral
87L.Op_InterTrp
87L.FOx.Alm_Diff
87L.FOx.Alm_Comp
3.8.5 Logic
3.8.5.1 Common Element
SIG [87L.En2]
&
SIG [87L.En1]
EN [87L.En]
&
Enable DIFF (Local end)
SIG [87L.Blk]
SIG [87L.En2]
&
SIG [87L.En1]
EN [87L.En]
&
Enable DIFF (Remote end)
SIG [87L.Blk]
Where:
Where:
A: phase A
B: phase B
C: phase C
EN [87L.En_CTS_Blk]
>=1
SIG CT circuit failure >=1
SIG 87L.FO1.Alm_Diff
&
SIG 87L.On
&
Differential condition 1 (phase A)
phase A
SIG Common differential condition
&
Differential condition 1 (phase B)
phase B
SIG Common differential condition
&
Differential condition 1 (phase C)
phase C
SIG Common differential condition
When these signals [87L.En1], [87L.En2] and logic setting [87L.En] are all “1” and the signal
[87L.Blk] is 0, the signal “Enable DIFF” is valid. They can be visible or invisible in the device
configured before ex-work according to project requirements. If they are invisible, the signal
“Enable DIFF (Local end)” is valid by default.
SIG FD.Pkp
DIFF permitted (phase A/B/C): current differential protection permissive signal for phase A/B/C
that received from the remote end via communication channel. Please refer to section 3.8.5.9
about the conditions to send permissive signal.
EN [87L.En_DPFC1]
Where:
EN [87L.En_DPFC2]
Where:
EN [87L.En_Biased1]
Where:
EN [87L.En_Biased2]
Where:
EN [87L.En_Neutral]
When a fault associated with high resistance occurrs in the outlet of long transmission line, the
device of local end, which is near the fault, can pick up immediately, but, considering the influence
of a considerable power source, the device of the remote end, which is far from the fault, can not
pick up due to inapparent fault component. In order to avoid this case, any protection (such as
distance protection, overcurrent protection and etc.) of local end operates, inter-trip signal of
corresponding phase will be sent to the remote end. After receiving the inter-trip signal, the device
of the remote end can pick up, if corresponding differential condition is met and the setting
[87L.En_InterTrp] is set as “1”, the faulty phase will be inter-tripped.
EN [87L.En_InterTrp]
SIG 3U2>6V
SIG UA<0.65UN
>=1 >=1
SIG UB<0.65UN &
SIG UC<0.65UN
>=1
Weak infeed logic
SIG UAB<0.65UNN
>=1
SIG UBC<0.65UNN
SIG UCA<0.65UNN
SIG VTS.Alm
SIG 4Ia<Ia_Rmt
>=1
SIG 4Ib<Ib_Rmt
SIG 4Ic<Ic_Rmt
SIG [CTS.Alm]
Where:
SIG FD.Pkp
At weak infeed end, current fault detector element may not operate, weak infeed logic is used as
alternate to determine fault condition by analyzing the voltage and current signals.
When three binary inputs [52b_PhA], [52b_PhB] and [52b_PhC] are all energized, the device
recognizes the circuit breaker in open position.
Where:
FOx: channel x
3.8.6 Settings
Table 3.8-2 Settings of current differential protection
Enabling/disabling differential
protection
10 87L.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 1 of
DPFC current differential
11 87L.En_DPFC1 0 or 1 element
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of
DPFC current differential
12 87L.En_DPFC2 0 or 1 element
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 1 of
steady-state current differential
13 87L.En_Biased1 0 or 1 element
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of
steady-state current differential
14 87L.En_Biased2 0 or 1 element
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling neutral
current differential element
15 87L.En_Neutral 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling inter-tripping
element
16 87L.En_InterTrp 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling local
independent current differential
protection (independent current
differential protection means
local current differential
17 87L.En_LocDiff 0 or 1
protection can operate without
permissive signal from remote
end)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling capacitive
18 87L.En_CapCurrComp 0 or 1
current compensation
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling current
differential protection blocked
19 87L.En_CTS_Blk 0 or 1 during CT circuit failure
0: disable
1: enable
Overcurrent protection is widely used in the power system as backup protection, but in some
cases, the direction of current is necessary to aid to complete the selective tripping. As shown
below:
L M N
EM C D A B EN
Fault
When line LM has an earth fault, the fault currents flowing through the relay A and the relay D are
of similar magnitude in most cases. It is desirable that the fault is isolated from the power system
by tripping the circuit breaker C and circuit breaker D. Hence, the overcurrent protection of relay A
and relay D require to associate with current direction to fulfill selective tripping.
Directional earth fault protection has a time delay due to coordinate with that of downstream so it
cannot clear the fault quickly.
The direction of phase current and phase-to-phase current equips with an under-voltage direction
function to ensure that phase or phase-to-phase overcurrent protection has explicit directionality
when the polarized voltage is too low for close up fault.
The direction of zero-sequence current and negative-sequence current direction equips with an
impedance compensation function to ensure that zero-sequence or negative-sequence
overcurrent protection has explicit directionality when the zero-sequence voltage or the
negative-sequence voltage is too low.
By setting the characteristic angle [RCA_OC] to determine the most sensitive forward angle of
phase current and phase-to-phase current, power value is calculated using phase current with
jX
U
φ
θ I
R
O
Forward direction
Reverse direction
Where:
P=U×[I×COS(θ-φ)]
From above diagram can be seen, when θ=φ, P reaches to the maximum value. It is considered
as the most sensitive forward direction. Hence, φ is called as sensitivity angle of phase
overcurrent protection.
In the event of asymmetrical fault, because phase or phase-to-phase voltage may decrease to
very low voltage whereas positive-sequence voltage does not, the polarized voltage of phase or
phase-to-phase current direction uses positive-sequence voltage to avoid wrong direction due to
too low polarized voltage. Therefore, using positive-sequence voltage as polarized voltage can
ensure that the direction determination has no dead zone for asymmetrical fault. For symmetric
fault, if positive-sequence voltage decreases to 15%Un, the device uses memorized
When using normal polarized voltage to calculate phase and phase-to-phase current direction,
there are total twelve direction determination algorithm including forward direction and reverse
direction.
When the symmetrical fault occurs on a power system, positive-sequence voltage may reduce to
less than 0.15Un, the device will switch to phase or phase-to-phase current direction for
under-voltage condition. The 1.5 cycle pre-fault positive-sequence voltage is used as polarized
voltage with reverse threshold to ensure stable direction decision when three-phase voltage goes
to approximately zero due to close up fault.
At first, the threshold is forward offset before direction is determined, and the threshold will be
reversed offset after direction is determined.
By setting the characteristic angle [RCA_ROC] and [RCA_NegOC] to determine the most
sensitive forward angle of zero-sequence current and negative-sequence current, power value is
calculated using zero-sequence current with zero-sequence voltage or negative-sequence current
with negative-sequence voltage to determine the direction of zero-sequence current and
negative-sequence current respectively in forward direction or reverse direction.
When the power value is between 0 and -0.1In, neither forward direction nor reverse direction is
considered.
jX 3U0
θ-180°
-3I0
φ
R
O
3I0
θ Reverse direction
Forward direction
Where:
P=U×[I×COS(θ-φ)]
Calculating the power value using zero-sequence current (3I0) and zero-sequence voltage (3U0)
to determine the direction of zero-sequence current
The zero-sequence current and the zero-sequence voltage can be gained by calculation
Calculating the power value using negative-sequence current (3I2) and negative-sequence
voltage (3U2) to determine the direction of negative-sequence current
The negative-sequence current and the negative-sequence voltage can be gained by calculation
is the setting [Z0_Comp], which cannot exceed the total zero-sequence impedance of
is the setting [Z2_Comp], which cannot exceed the total negative-sequence impedance
DIR
FwdDir_ROC
RevDir_ROC
FwdDir_NegOC
RevDir_NegOC
FwdDir_A
FwdDir_B
FwdDir_C
RevDir_A
RevDir_B
RevDir_C
FwdDir_AB
FwdDir_BC
FwdDir_CA
RevDir_AB
RevDir_BC
RevDir_CA
3.9.5 Settings
Table 3.9-3 Settings of current direction
When a fault occurs in power system, usually the fault current would be very large and phase
overcurrent protection operates monitoring fault current is then adopted to avoid further damage to
protected equipment. Directional element can be selected to improve the sensitivity and selectivity
of the protection. For application on feeder-transformer circuits, second harmonic can also be
selected to block phase overcurrent protection to avoid the effect of inrush current on the
protection.
1. Four-stage phase overcurrent protection with independent logic, current and time delay
settings.
3. Direction control element can be selected to control each stage phase overcurrent protection
with three options: no direction, forward direction and reverse direction.
4. Second harmonic can be selected to block each stage of phase overcurrent protection.
3.10.2.1 Overview
2. Direction control element: one direction control element shared by all overcurrent elements,
and each overcurrent element can individually select protection direction.
3. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking element shared by all overcurrent
elements and each phase overcurrent element can individually enable the output signal from
harmonic element as a blocking input.
Where:
When phase overcurrent protection is used to protect feeder transformer circuits harmonic
blocking function can be selected for each stage of phase overcurrent element by configuring logic
setting [50/51Px.En_Hm2_Blk] (x=1, 2, 3 or 4) to prevent maloperation due to inrush current.
When the percentage of second harmonic component to fundamental component of any phase
current is greater than the setting [50/51P.K_Hm2], harmonic blocking element operates to block
stage x overcurrent element if corresponding logic setting [50/51Px.En_Hm2_Blk] enabled.
Operation criterion:
Equation 3.10-2
Where:
If fundamental component of any phase current is lower than the minimum operating current
(0.1In), then harmonic calculation is not carried out and harmonic blocking element does not
operate.
Where:
α is a constant.
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
The user can select the operating characteristic from various inverse-time characteristic curves by
setting [50/51Px.Opt_Curve], and parameters of available characteristics for selection are shown
in the following table.
If all available curves do not comply with user application, user may set [50/51Px.Opt_Curve] as
“13” to customize the inverse-time curve characteristic with constants α, K and C. (only stage 1)
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[50/51Px.tmin], then the operating time of the protection changes to the value of setting
[50/51Px.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time phase overcurrent protection drops off instantaneously after fault
current disappears.
50/51Px
50/51Px.En1 50/51Px.On
50/51Px.En2 50/51Px.StA
50/51Px.Blk 50/51Px.StB
50/51Px.StC
50/51Px.St
50/51Px.Op
3.10.5 Logic
SET Ic>[50/51Px.I_Set]
&
SET [50/51Px.Opt_Dir]=1 & 50/51Px.StB
Timer
SET [50/51Px.En_Hm2_Blk] t
50/51Px.Op
t
EN [50/51Px.En]
&
SIG 50/51Px.En1 &
50/51Px.On
SIG 50/51Px.En2
&
SIG 50/51Px.Blk
SIG FD.Pkp
x=1, 2, 3, 4
3.10.6 Settings
Table 3.10-3 Settings of phase overcurrent protection
1: enable
Direction option for stage 1 of phase
overcurrent protection
6 50/51P1.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
blocking for stage 1 of phase
7 50/51P1.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for
8 50/51P1.Opt_Curve 0~13 1 stage 1 of phase overcurrent
protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 1 of
9 50/51P1.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Minimum operating time for stage 1
10 50/51P1.tmin 0.000~20.000 0.001 s of inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “α” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
11 50/51P1.Alpha 0.010~5.000 0.001
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “C” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
12 50/51P1.C 0.000~20.000 0.001
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “K” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
13 50/51P1.K 0.050~20.000 0.001
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Current setting for stage 2 of phase
14 50/51P2.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
overcurrent protection
Time delay for stage 2 of phase
15 50/51P2.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
overcurrent protection
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of phase
overcurrent protection
16 50/51P2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 2 of phase
17 50/51P2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1
overcurrent protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 2 of phase
overcurrent protection
18 50/51P2.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
blocking for stage 2 of phase
19 50/51P2.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for
20 50/51P2.Opt_Curve 0~12 stage 2 of phase overcurrent
protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 2 of
21 50/51P2.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection.
Minimum operating time for stage 2
22 50/51P2.tmin 0.000~20.000 0.001 s of inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Current setting for stage 3 of phase
23 50/51P3.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
overcurrent protection
Time delay for stage 3 of phase
24 50/51P3.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
overcurrent protection
Enabling/disabling stage 3 of phase
overcurrent protection
25 50/51P3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 3 of phase
26 50/51P3.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 overcurrent protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 3 of phase
overcurrent protection
27 50/51P3.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
blocking for stage 3 of phase
28 50/51P3.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
29 50/51P3.Opt_Curve 0~12 Option of characteristic curve for
During normal operation of power system, there is trace residual current, whereas a fault current
flows to earth will result in greater residual current. Therefore, residual current is adopted for the
calculation of earth fault protection.
In order to improve the selectivity of earth fault protection in power grid with multiple power
sources, directional element can be selected to control earth fault protection. For application on
line-transformer unit, second harmonic also can be selected to block earth fault protection to avoid
the effect of sympathetic current on the protection.
1. Four-stage earth fault protection with independent logic, current and time delay settings.
3. Directional element can be selected to control each stage of earth fault protection with three
options: no direction, forward direction and reverse direction.
4. Second harmonic can be selected to block each stage of earth fault protection.
3.11.2.1 Overview
1. Overcurrent element: each stage equipped with one independent overcurrent element.
2. Directional control element: one direction control element shared by all overcurrent elements,
and each overcurrent element can individually select protection direction.
3. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking element shared by all overcurrent
elements and each overcurrent element can individually enable the output signal of harmonic
blocking element as a blocking input.
The operation criterion for each stage of earth fault protection is:
Where:
In order to prevent effects of inrush current on earth fault protection, harmonic blocking function
can be selected for each stage of earth fault element by configuring logic setting
[50/51Gx.En_Hm2_Blk] (x=1, 2, 3 or 4).
Operation criterion:
Equation 3.11-2
Where:
If fundamental component of residual current is lower than the minimum operating current (0.1In)
then harmonic calculation is not carried out and harmonic blocking element does not operate.
All 4 stages earth fault protection can be selected as definite-time or inverse-time characteristic,
and inverse-time operating time curve is as follows.
Equation 3.11-3
Where:
K is a constant
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
The user can select the operating characteristic from various inverse-time characteristic curves by
setting [50/51Gx.Opt_Curve], and parameters of available characteristics for selection are shown
in the following table.
If all available curves do not comply with user application, user may set [50/51Gx.Opt_Curve] as
“13” to customize the inverse-time curve characteristic, and constants K, α and C with
configuration tool software. (only stage 1)
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[50/51Gx.tmin], then the operating time of the protection changes to the value of setting
[50/51Gx.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time directional earth-fault protection drops off instantaneously after fault
current disappears.
50/51Gx
50/51Gx.En1 50/51Gx.On
50/51Gx.En2 50/51Gx.St
50/51Gx.Blk 50/51Gx.Op
3.11.5 Logic
EN [50/51Gx.En]
&
SIG 50/51Gx.En1 &
50/51Gx.On
SIG 50/51Gx.En2
SIG 50/51Gx.Blk
SET 3I0>[50/51Gx.3I0_Set]
SET [50/51Gx.Opt_Dir]=0
EN [50/51Gx.En_CTS_Blk]
>=1
SIG I3P 2nd Hm Detect &
SET [50/51Gx.En_Hm2_Blk]
Where:
x=1, 2, 3, 4
Abnormal condition 1: when the system is under pole disagreement condition, for 1-pole AR, earth
fault protection will operate. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”, the stage x of
earth fault protection will be blocked. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “0”,
earth fault protection is not controlled by direction element.
Abnormal condition 2: When manually closing circuit breaker, three phases of the circuit breaker
maybe not operate simultaneously, and SOTF protection should operate. If the logic setting
[50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”, the stage x of earth fault protection will be blocked. If the
logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “0”, earth fault protection is not controlled by
direction element.
Abnormal condition 3: VT circuit failure. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”,
the stage x of earth fault protection will be blocked. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is
set as “0”, earth fault protection is not controlled by direction element.
3.11.6 Settings
Table 3.11-3 Settings of earth fault protection
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 2 of
earth fault protection
20 50/51G2.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second
harmonic blocking for stage 2 of
21 50/51G2.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 earth fault protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 2 of earth fault protection
22 50/51G2.En_Abnor_Blk 0 or 1 under abnormal conditions
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 2 of earth fault protection
23 50/51G2.En_CTS_Blk 0 or 1 under CT failure conditions
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for
24 50/51G2.Opt_Curve 0~12
stage 2 of earth fault protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 2
25 50/51G2.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
Minimum operating time for stage
26 50/51G2.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s 2 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
Current setting for stage 3 of
27 50/51G3.3I0_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
earth fault protection
Time delay for stage 3 of earth
28 50/51G3.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
fault protection
Enabling/disabling stage 3 of
earth fault protection
29 50/51G3.En 0, 1 or 2
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 3 of earth
30 50/51G3.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 fault protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
31 50/51G3.Opt_Dir 0 or 1 Direction option for stage 3 of
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second
harmonic blocking for stage 4 of
43 50/51G4.En_Hm2_Blk 0 or 1 earth fault protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 4 of earth fault protection
44 50/51G4.En_Abnor_Blk 0 or 1 under abnormal conditions
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 4 of earth fault protection
45 50/51G4.En_CTS_Blk 0 or 1 under CT failure conditions
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for
46 50/51G4.Opt_Curve 0~12
stage 4 of earth fault protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 4
47 50/51G4.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
Minimum operating time for stage
48 50/51G4.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s 4 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
50PVT/50GVT
50PVT.En1 50PVT.On
50PVT.En2 50PVT.Op
50PVT.Blk 50PVT.St
50GVT.En1 50PVT.StA
50GVT.En2 50PVT.StB
50GVT.Blk 50PVT.StC
50GVT.On
50GVT.Op
50GVT.St
3.12.4 Logic
SIG 50GVT.En1
&
SIG 50GVT.En2 &
50GVT.On
EN [50GVT.En]
&
SIG 50GVT.Blk]
SIG VTS.Alm
SIG 50PVT.En1
&
SIG 50PVT.En2 &
50PVT.On
EN 50PVT.En]
SIG 50PVT.Blk]
& >=1
& [50PVT.t_Op] 0ms 50PVT.Op
SIG FD.Pkp
50PVT.St
&
SIG VTS.Alm
50PVT.StA
SET Ia>[50PVT.I_Set]
&
50PVT.StB
SET Ib>[50PVT.I_Set]
&
50PVT.StC
SET Ic>[50PVT.I_Set]
3.12.5 Settings
Table 3.12-2 Settings of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure
Residual current SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to earth fault
protection. With residual current SOTF protection, a fast trip is achieved for a fault on the line,
when the line is being energized. It shall be responsive to all types of earth faults anywhere within
the protected line, and it shall be enabled for a period of 400ms when the circuit is energized either
manually or via an auto-reclosing system.
Residual current SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of
100ms when 3-pole auto-reclosing or closing manually.
50GSOTF
50GSOTF.En1 50GSOTF.On
50GSOTF.En2 50GSOTF.Op
50GSOTF.Blk 50GSOTF.St
3.13.5 Logic
SIG 50GSOTF.Blk
&
50GSOTF.On
EN [50GSOTF.En_3I0]
3.13.6 Settings
Table 3.13-2 Settings of residual current SOTF protection
Abnormal high voltages often occur e.g. in low loaded, long distance transmission lines, in
islanded systems when generator voltage regulation fails, or load rejection of a generator. Even if
compensation reactors are provided to avoid line overvoltage by compensation of the line
capacitance and thus reduction of the overvoltage, the overvoltage will endanger the insulation if
the reactors fail. The line must be de-energized within a very short time.
The overvoltage protection in this device detects the phase voltages Ua, Ub and Uc or the
phase-to-phase voltages Uab, Ubc and Uca with an option of any phase or all phases operation
for output. The overvoltage protection can be used for tripping purpose as well as to initiate
transfer trip, which selectable controlled by local circuit breaker.
1. Two-stage phase overvoltage protection with independent logic, voltage and time delay
settings.
characteristics.
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any
1. Operation Criterion
Users can select phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage for the protection calculation. If setting
[59Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is set to “0”, phase voltage criterion is selected and if [59Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is
set to “1”, phase-to-phase voltage criterion is selected.
When phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is greater than any enabled stage voltage setting,
the stage protection picks up and operates after delay, which will drop off instantaneously when
fault voltage disappears.
Two operation criteria of definite-time overvoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
Where:
When [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-1) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “1”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-2) is selected.
Two operation criteria of definite-time overvoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
When [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-3) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “1”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-4) is selected.
2. Characteristic Curve
Phase overvoltage protection stage 1 and stage 2 can be selected as definite-time or inverse-time
characteristic, and inverse-time operating time curve is as follows.
Where:
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
For stage 1 and stage 2 of overvoltage protection, operating characteristic can be chosen from
definite-time characteristic and 12 inverse-time characteristics by setting the logic setting
[59Px.Opt_Curve]. The parameters of each characteristic are listed in the following table.
0 Definite time
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[59Px.tmin], then the operating time changes to the value of setting [59Px.tmin] automatically.
59Px
59Px.En1 59Px.On
59Px.En2 59Px.St
59Px.Blk 59Px.St1
59Px.St2
59Px.St3
59Px.Op
59Px.Alm
59Px.Op_InitTT
3.14.1.5 Logic
EN [59Px.En]
&
SIG 59Px.En1 &
59Px.On
SIG 59Px.En2
SIG 59Px.Blk
BI [52b_PhA]
&
BI [52b_PhB] &
BI [52b_PhC]
EN [59Px.En_52b_TT]
&
>=1
EN [59Px.En_TT] 59Px.Op_InitTT
EN [59Px.En_Alm] &
SIG FD.Pkp &
SIG 59Px.On
[59Px.Opt_Up/Upp] Timer
EN & & t
>=1 t
&
SET UA>[59Px.U_Set] &
&
SET UAB>[59Px.U_Set]
Timer
& & t
>=1
SET UB>[59Px.U_Set]
t &
59Px.Op
&
SET UBC>[59Px.U_Set]
&
>=1 >=1 59Px.Alm
Timer
& & t
&
>=1 t
SET UC>[59Px.U_Set]
&
>=1
59Px.St
SET UCA>[59Px.U_Set]
59Px.St1
59Px.St2
EN [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] 59Px.St3
x=1, 2
3.14.1.6 Settings
The undervoltage protection can be applied to trip when fault occurs in a system. Two stages of
undervoltage protection are available measuring phase voltages U A, UB and UC or phase-to-phase
voltages UAB, UBC and UCA. The protection output can be selected for either any phase or all
phases operation. The undervoltage protection is normally used as decoupling system rather than
load shedding.
1. Two-stage phase undervoltage protection with independent logic, voltage and time delay
settings.
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any
of three phase voltages, 3-out-of-3 means all three phase voltages)
1. Operation Criterion
Users can select phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage for the protection calculation. If setting
[27Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is set to “0”, phase voltage criterion is selected and if [27Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is
When phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is less than any enabled stage voltage setting, the
stage protection picks up and operates after delay, which will drop off instantaneously when fault
voltage disappears.
Two operation criteria of definite-time undervoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [27Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
Where:
When [27Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-5) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “1”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-6) is selected.
Two operation criteria of definite-time undervoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [27Px.Opt_Up/Upp].
or
Where:
When the setting [27Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-7) is selected as
operation criterion, and when it is set as “1”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-8) is selected.
2. Characteristic Curve
Where:
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
For stage 1 and stage 2 of undervoltage protection, operating characteristic can be chosen from
definite-time characteristic and twelve inverse-time characteristics by setting the logic setting
[27Px.Opt_Curve]. The parameters of each characteristic are listed in the following table.
0 Definite time
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[27Px.tmin], then the operating time changes to the value of setting [27Px.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time phase under voltage protection drops off instantaneously when
measured voltage is higher than reset voltage.
27Px
27Px.En1 27Px.On
27Px.En2 27Px.Alm
27Px.Blk 27Px.Op
27Px.St
27Px.St1
27Px.St2
27Px.St3
3.14.2.5 Logic
When FD element reflecting current operates, including DPFC current element and residual
current element, the undervoltage protection is released for operation.
When any of the following conditions is fulfilled, the undervoltage protection will be blocked.
1. VT signal fails;if the voltage comes from busbar VT, the voltage will restore to the normal
immediately after the fault being cleared away. However, if the voltage comes from line VT,
the voltage will drop to zero immediately after the fault is cleared. The undervoltage protection
will be continuously in operation, thus an auxiliary current criterion is provided to solve it.
3. Any phase of circuit breaker is open (binary input of normal close contact of breaker is
energized) and the corresponding phase current is smaller than 0.06In.
EN [27Px.En]
&
SIG 27Px.En1 &
27Px.On
SIG 27Px.En2
SIG 27Px.Blk
EN [27Px.En_Alm]
SET [27Px.Opt_1P/3P]
SIG 27Px.On
SIG Block UV
&
SET UAB<[27Px.U_Set]
Timer &
& &
t 27Px.Op
>=1
t
SET UB<[27Px.U_Set]
&
&
>=1 27Px.Alm
&
SET UBC<[27Px.U_Set]
>=1
& & Timer
t
>=1
t
SET UC<[27Px.U_Set]
& >=1
27Px.St
SET UCA<[27Px.U_Set]
27Px.St1
27Px.St2
27Px.St3
x=1, 2
3.14.2.6 Settings
0: phase voltage
1: phase-to-phase voltage
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of undervoltage
protection operate to alarm
15 27P2.En_Alm 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for stage 2
16 27P2.Opt_Curve 0~12 1
of undervoltage protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 2 of
17 27P2.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001
inverse-time undervoltage protection
Minimum delay for stage 2 of inverse-time
18 27P2.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s
undervoltage protection
If the power frequency of regional rises due to the active power excess demand, overfrequency
protection operates to perform generator rejection to shed part of the generators automatically
according to the rising frequency so that power supply and the load are re-balanced.
Overfrequency protection consists of the four stages (stage 1 to stage 4). When system frequency
is greater than the setting [81O.f_Pkp], overfrequency protection will put into service.
If the positive voltage U1<0.15Un, the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output
relay will be blocked.
Where:
f is system frequency.
81O.OFx
81O.En1 81O.OFx.On
81O.En2 81O.St
81O.Blk 81O.OFx.Op
3.15.1.5 Logic
SIG 81O.En1
&
SIG 81O.En2 &
81O.OF1.On
EN [81O.OF1.En]
SIG 81O.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81O.OF1.En]
SIG 81O.En1
&
SIG 81O.En2 &
81O.OF2.On
EN [81O.OF2.En]
SIG 81O.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81O.OF2.En]
SIG 81O.En1
&
SIG 81O.En2 &
EN [81O.OF3.En]
81O.OF3.On
SIG 81O.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81O.OF3.En]
SIG 81O.En1
&
SIG 81O.En2 &
81O.OF4.On
EN [81O.OF4.En]
SIG 81O.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81O.OF4.En]
SIG 81O.St1 ≥1
SIG 81O.St2
≥1
SIG 81O.St3 ≥1 81O.St
SIG 81O.St4
3.15.1.6 Settings
overfrequency protection
0: disable
1: enable
In case of frequency decline due to lack of active power in the power system, underfrequency
protection operates to shed part of the load according to the declined value of frequency to
re-balance the power supply and the load.
Underfrequency protection consists of the four stages (stage 1 to stage 4). When system
frequency is smaller than the setting [81U.f_Pkp], underfrequency protection will put into service.
If the positive voltage U1<0.15Un, the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output
relay will be blocked.
If -df/dt≥[81U.df/dt_Blk], the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output relay will
be blocked. The blocking element will not be released automatically until the system frequency
recovers to be less than the setting [81U.f_Pkp].
Where:
f is system frequency.
Where:
df/dt is the frequency slip speed and the time step (i.e. dt) for the calucation is equal to 5 cycle.
Underfrequency protection can be blocked by the frequency slip speed (df/dt). If the logic setting
[81U.UFx.En_df/dt_Blk] (x=1, 2, 3 or 4) is set as “1”, when Equation 3.15-2 and Equation 3.15-3
are met, it is decided that a fault occurred and the corresponding stage underfrequency protection
is blocked at the same time for the purpose of waiting for operation of other related protection. The
blocking signal will not reset until the system frequency recovers, i.e. the system frequency is
greater than the setting [81U.f_Pkp]. If the logic setting is set as “0”, when Equation 3.15-2 and
Equation 3.15-3 are met, the stage underfrequency protection will be released to operate.
81U.UFx
81U.En1 81U.UFx.On
81U.En2 81U.St
81U.Blk 81U.UFx.Op
3.15.2.5 Logic
SIG 81U.En1
&
SIG 81U.En2
EN [81U.UF1.En]
&
81U.UF1.On
SIG 81U.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp &
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81U.UF1.En]
SIG 81U.En1
&
SIG 81U.En2
EN [81U.UF2.En]
&
81U.UF2.On
SIG 81U.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp &
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81U.UF2.En]
SIG 81U.En1
&
SIG 81U.En2
EN [81U.UF3.En]
&
81U.UF3.On
SIG 81U.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp &
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81U.UF3.En]
SIG 81U.En1
&
SIG 81U.En2
EN [81U.UF4.En]
&
81U.UF4.On
SIG 81U.Blk
&
SIG FD.Pkp &
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
EN [81U.UF4.En]
SIG 81U.St2
>=1
SIG 81U.St3 >=1 81U.St
SIG 81U.St4
3.15.2.6 Settings
underfrequency protection
Time delay for stage 3 of
12 81U.UF3.t_Op 0.050~30.000 0.01 s
underfrequency protection
Enabling/disabling stage 3 of
underfrequency protection
13 81U.UF3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling rate of frequency
change to block stage 3 of
14 81U.UF3.En_df/dt_Blk 0 or 1 underfrequency protection
0: disable
1: enable
Frequency setting for stage 4 of
15 81U.UF4.f_Set 45.000~60.000 0.001 Hz
underfrequency protection
Time delay for stage 4 of
16 81U.UF4.t_Op 0.050~30.000 0.01 s
underfrequency protection
Enabling/disabling stage 4 of
underfrequency protection
17 81U.UF4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling rate of frequency
change to block stage 4 of
18 81U.UF4.En_df/dt_Blk 0 or 1 underfrequency protection
0: disable
1: enable
Breaker failure protection issues a back-up trip command to trip adjacent circuit breakers in case
of a tripping failure of the circuit breaker, and clears the fault as requested by the device. To utilize
the protection information of faulty equipment and the electrical information of failure circuit
breaker to constitute the criterion of breaker failure protection, it can ensure that the adjacent
circuit breakers of failure circuit breaker are tripped with a shorter time delay, so that the affected
area is minimized, and ensure stable operation of the entire power grid to prevent generators,
transformers and other components from seriously damaged.
The instantaneous re-tripping function, after receiving tripping signal from other device and the
corresponding phase overcurrent element operating, is available and provides phase-segregated
binary output contact, which can ensure the circuit breaker is still tripped in case the secondary
circuit between the device and the circuit breaker is abnormal, to avoid undesired tripping of
breaker failure protection and the expansion of the affected area. Instantaneous re-tripping
function does not block AR.
When both the phase-segregated tripping contact from line protection and the corresponding
phase overcurrent element operate, or both the three-phase tripping contact and any phase
overcurrent element operate, breaker failure protection will send three-phase tripping command to
trip local circuit breaker after time delay of [50BF.t1_Op] and trip all adjacent circuit breakers after
time delay of [50BF.t2_Op].
When the protection element except undervoltage element within this device operates and issues
tripping signal, breaker failure protection will also be initiated.
Taking into account that the faulty current is too small for generator or transformer fault, the
sensitivity of phase current element may not meet the requirements, zero-sequence current
criterion and negative-sequence current criterion are provided in addition to the phase overcurrent
element for breaker failure protection initiated by input signal [50BF.ExTrp3P_GT] from generator
and transformer protection. They can be enabled or disabled by logic settings [50BF.En_3I0_3P]
and [50BF.En_I2_3P] respectively.
For some special fault (for example, mechanical protection or overvoltage protection operating),
maybe faulty current is very small and current criterion of breaker failure protection is not met, in
order to make breaker failure protection can also operate under the above situation, an input
signal [50BF.ExTrp_WOI] is equipped to initiate breaker failure protection, once the input signal is
energized, normally closed auxiliary contact of circuit breaker is chosen in addition to breaker
failure current check to trigger breaker failure timer. The device takes current as priority with CB
auxiliary contact (52b) as an option criterion for breaker failure check.
50BF
50BF.ExTrp3P_L 50BF.On
50BF.ExTrp3P_GT 50BF.Op_ReTrpA
50BF.ExTrp_WOI 50BF.Op_ReTrpB
50BF.ExTrpA 50BF.Op_ReTrpC
50BF.ExTrpB 50BF.Op_ReTrp3P
50BF.ExTrpC 50BF.Op_t1
50BF.En 50BF.Op_t2
50BF.Blk
3.16.5 Logic
SIG 50BF.En
&
EN [50BF.En] 50BF.On
SIG 50BF.Blk
SIG 50BF.On
&
SIG FD.Pkp
EN [50BF.En_ReTrp]
EN [50BF.En_3I0_1P] >=1
SET 3I0>[50BF.3I0_Set]
SET IA>[50BF.I_Set]
SET IB>[50BF.I_Set]
BI [50BF.ExTrp_WOI]
&
EN [50BF.En_3I0_3P] &
>=1
>=1
SET 3I0>[50BF.3I0_Set]
&
EN [50BF.En_I2_3P] &
SET I2>[50BF.I2_Set]
& [50BF.t1_Op] 0ms [50BF.Op_t1]
EN [50BF.En_CB_Ctrl] &
[50BF.t2_Op] 0ms [50BF.Op_t2]
BI [52b_PhA]
&
BI [52b_PhB]
BI [52b_PhC]
SIG FD.Pkp
3.16.6 Settings
Table 3.16-2 Settings of breaker failure protection
greater heat to lead temperature increase and if the temperature reaches too high values the
equipment might be damaged.
Thermal overload protection estimates the internal heat content (temperature) continuously. This
estimation is made by using a thermal model with two time constants, which is based on current
measurement.
When the temperature increases to the alarm value, the protection issues alarm signals to remind
the operator for attention, and if the temperature continues to increase to the trip value, the
protection sends trip command to disconnect the protected line.
Two stages for alarm purpose and two stages for trip purpose
The device provides a thermal overload model which is based on the IEC60255-8 standard. The
thermal overload formulas are shown as below.
Where:
ln = Natural logarithm
t Refer to IEC60255-8
Ip
P=—
IB
P = 0.0
P = 0.6
P = 0.8
P = 0.9
kIB I
The hot start characteristic is adopted in the device. The calculation is carried out at zero of Ip, so
users need not to set the value of Ip.
Tripping outputs of the protection is controlled by current, even if the thermal accumulation value is
greater than the setting for tripping, the protection drops off instantaneously when current
disappears. Alarm outputs of the protection is not controlled by current, and only if the thermal
accumulation value is greater than the setting for alarm, alarm output contacts, which can be
connected to block the auto-reclosure, will operate.
49
49.Clr_Cmd 49.On
49.En 49.St
49.Blk 49-1.Alm
49-1.Op
49-2.Alm
49-2.Op
3.17.5 Logic
EN [49-1.En_Trp] >=1
EN [49-1.En_Alm]
&
SIG FD.Pkp 49.St
& Timer
t
49-1.Op
t
SIG I3P
& Timer
t
49-1.Alm
SET [49.Ib_Set]
t
BI [49.Clr_Cmd]
EN [49-2.En_Trp] >=1
EN [49-2.En_Alm]
&
SIG FD.Pkp 49.St
& Timer
t
49-2.Op
t
SIG I3P
& Timer
t
49-2.Alm
SET [49.Ib_Set]
t
BI [49.Clr_Cmd]
3.17.6 Settings
Table 3.17-2 Settings of thermal overload protection
Stub overcurrent protection is mainly designed for one and a half breakers arrangement. When
line disconnector is open and transmission line is put into maintenance, line VT is no voltage.
Distance protection is disabled, and stub overcurrent protection is enabled. It is used to protect
stub section among for two circuit breakers and line disconnector. Usually, stub overcurrent
protection is enabled automatically by normally closed auxiliary contact of line disconnector.
CT1 CT2
Bus Bus
To the device
Line Line
50STB
50STB.En1 50STB.On
50STB.En2 50STB.Op
50STB.Blk 50STB.St
50STB.89b_DS 50STB.StA
50STB.StB
50STB.StC
3.18.4 Logic
Only one stage is available to stub overcurrent protection. Based on calculating summation
current from dual CTs, the logic scheme of stub overcurrent protection is shown as Figure 3.18-2.
SIG 50STB.En1
&
SIG 50STB.En2 &
50STB.On
SIG 50STB.Blk
EN [50STB.En]
&
SIG FD.Pkp
& 50STB.St
50STB.StA
SET Ia>[50STB.I_Set]
&
50STB.StB
SET Ib>[50STB.I_Set]
&
50STB.StC
SET Ic>[50STB.I_Set]
3.18.5 Settings
Table 3.18-2 Settings of stub overcurrent protection
Generally, fault current is very large when multi-phase fault occurs between CT and circuit breaker
(i.e. dead zone) and it will have a greater impact on the system. Breaker failure protection can
operate after a longer time delay, in order to clear the dead zone fault quickly and improve the
system stability, dead zone protection with shorter time delay (compared with breaker failure
protection) is adopted.
For some wiring arrangement (for example, circuit breaker is located between CT and the line), if
fault occurs between CT and circuit breaker, line protection can operate to trip circuit breaker
quickly, but the fault have not been cleared since local circuit breaker is tripped. Here dead zone
protection is needed in order to trip relevant circuit breaker.
The criterion for dead zone protection is: when dead zone protection is enabled, binary input of
initiating dead zone protection is energized (by default, three-phase tripping signal is used to
initiate dead zone protection), if overcurrent element for dead zone protection operates, then
corresponding circuit breaker is tripped and three phases normally closed contact of the circuit
breaker are energized, dead zone protection will operate to trip adjacent circuit breaker after a
time delay.
50DZ
50DZ.En1 50DZ.On
50DZ.En2 50DZ.Op
50DZ.Blk 50DZ.St
50DZ.Init
3.19.5 Logic
EN [50DZ.En]
&
SIG 50DZ.En1 &
50DZ.On
SIG 50DZ.En2
SIG FD.Pkp
BI [52b_PhA]
&
BI [52b_PhB]
BI [52b_PhC]
50DZ.St
SET Ia > [50DZ.I_Set]
&
>=1 & [50DZ.t_Op] 0ms 50DZ.Op
SET Ib > [50DZ.I_Set]
SIG 50DZ.Init
3.19.6 Settings
Table 3.19-2 Settings of dead zone protection
The pole discrepancy of circuit breaker may occur during operation of a breaker with segregated
operating gears for the three phases. The reason could be an interruption in the tripping/closing
circuits, or mechanical failure. A pole discrepancy can only be tolerated for a limited period. When
there is loading, zero-sequence or negative-sequence current will be generated in the power
system, which will result in overheat of the generator or the motor. With the load current increasing,
overcurrent elements based on zero-sequence current or negative-sequence current may operate.
Pole discrepancy protection is required to operate before the operation of these overcurrent
elements.
Pole discrepancy protection determines three-phase breaker pole discrepancy condition by its
phase segregated CB auxiliary contacts. In order to improve the reliability of pole discrepancy
protection, the asymmetrical current component can be selected as addition criteria when needed.
62PD
62PD.En1 62PD.On
62PD.En2 62PD.Op
62PD.Blk 62PD.St
3.20.5 Logic
Phase-segregated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are connected to the device. When the state
of three phase-segregated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are inconsistent, pole discrepancy
protection will be started and initiate output after a time delay [62PD.t_Op].
Pole discrepancy protection can be blocked by external input signal [62PD.Blk]. In general, this
input signal is usually from the output of 1-pole AR initiation, so as to prevent pole discrepancy
protection from operation during 1-pole AR initiation.
SIG 62PD.En1
&
SIG 62PD.En2 &
62PD.On
EN [62PD.En]
BI [62PD.Blk]
&
EN [62PD.En_3I0/I2_Ctrl] >=1
SET 3I0>[62PD.3I0_Set] >=1
SET I2>[62PD.I2_Set]
The signal “62PD.In_PD” is input signal of pole discrepancy status, which is always from PD signal
of circuit breaker position supervison module. When the states of three auxiliary contacts of
phase-segregate circuit breaker are inconsistent, the signal is energized.
3.20.6 Settings
Table 3.20-2 Settings of pole discrepancy protection
The network of single-phase broken condition is similar to that of two-phases earthing fault,
positive-sequence, negative-sequence and zero-sequence network is connected in parallel, I2/I1=
Z0/(Z0+Z2), generally, zero-sequence impedance is larger than positive-sequence impedance, i.e.
I2/I1>0.5. The network of two-phases broken condition is similar to that of single-phase earthing
fault, positive-sequence, negative-sequence and zero-sequence network is connected in series,
so I2/I1=1.
46BC
46BC.En1 46BC.On
46BC.En2 46BC.St
46BC.Blk 46BC.Op
46BC.Alm
3.21.5 Logic
SIG [46BC.En2]
&
46BC.On
SET Ic>[46BC.I_Min]
&
SET I2/I1>[46BC.I2/I1_Set]
46BC.Op
SET [46BC.En_Trp]
&
46BC.Alm
SET [46BC.En_Alm]
3.21.6 Settings
Table 3.21-2 Settings of broken conductor protection
Due to various reasons lead to lose motivity, synchronous generator is changed to run as a motor
state, Absorbing energy from the power grid to drive a turbine (gas turbine) operation. In order to
prevent turbine blade or gas turbine gear from being damaged, reverse power protection (reversal
direction) should be configured.
Reverse power protection provides two stages: stage 1 can be set as alarm purpose or tripping
purpose, and stage 2 is only for tripping purpose. When reverse power value of the generator
detected is greater than reverse power protection setting ([32R1.P_Set]), reverse power protection
can operate to alarm or trip with the time delay. After overload protection, over-excitation
protection or loss-of-excitation protection, such as abnormal operation protection operates, the
generator needs sequential tripping. The steam valve of turbine has to be closed firstly, and
sequential tripping reverse power protection blocked by position contact of steam valve and circuit
breaker operates to trip with the time delay.
The level of generator absorbing the active power will depend on the need to overcome the friction
loss, according to different types of generator units, the settings of reverse power protection will be
different. During testing in the primary side of the generator unit, the active power absorbed by the
generator can be measured by the device.
or
32R
32R1.En P1
32R1.Blk 32R1.On
32R2.En 32R1.St
32R2.Blk 32R1.Op
32R1.Alm
32R2.On
32R2.St
32R2.Op
3.22.5 Logic
SIG 32R1.Blk
&
EN [32R1.En_Alm] >=1 32R1.On
EN [32R1.En_Trp]
SIG 32R1.On
SIG P1<-[32R1.P_Set]
&
>=1 32R1.St
SET [32R.Opt_Dir]=0 &
SIG P1>[32R1.P_Set]
&
[32R1.t_Alm] 0s 32R1.Alm
EN [32R1.En_Alm]
&
[32R1.t_Trp] 0s 32R1.Op
EN [32R1.En_Trp]
SIG 32R2.Blk
&
32R2.On
EN [32R2.En_Trp]
SIG P1>[32R2.P_Set]
&
[32R2.t_Trp] 0s 32R2.Op
EN [32R2.En_Trp]
When stage 2 of reverse power protection is used as sequential tripping reverse power protection,
it can be selectable to be controlled by position contact of steam valve and circuit breaker
3.22.6 Settings
Table 3.22-2 Settings of broken conductor protection
3.23 Synchrocheck
3.23.1 General Application
The purpose of synchrocheck is to ensure two systems are synchronism before they are going to
be connected.
When two asynchronous systems are connected together, due to phase difference between the
two systems, larger impact will be led to the system during closing. Thus auto-reclosing and
manual closing are applied with the synchrocheck to avoid this situation and maintain the system
stability. The synchrocheck includes synchronism check and dead charge check.
The synchronism check function measures the conditions across the circuit breaker and compares
them with the corresponding settings. The output is only given if all measured quantities are
simultaneously within their set limits.
The dead charge check function measures the amplitude of line voltage and bus voltage at both
sides of the circuit breaker, and then compare them with the live check setting [25.U_Lv] and the
dead check setting [25.U_Dd]. The output is only given when the measured quantities comply with
the criteria.
Synchrocheck in this device can be used for auto-reclosing and manual closing for both
single-breaker and dual-breakers. Details are described in the following sections.
When used for the synchrocheck of single-breaker, comparative relationship between reference
voltage (UL, three-phase protection voltage) and synchronism voltage (UB, single-phase
synchronism voltage) for synchronism check is as follows.
UL
UB
Figure 3.23-1 shows the characteristics of synchronism check element used for the auto-reclosing
if both line and busbar are live. The synchronism check element operates if voltage difference,
phase angle difference and frequency difference are all within their setting values.
UB≥[25.U_Lv]
UL≥[25.U_Lv]
|UB-UL|≤[25.U_Diff]
UB×UL×cosØ≥0
UB×UL×sin([25.phi_Diff])≥UB×UL×|sinØ|
Where,
|f(UB)-f(UL)|≤[25.f_Diff]
If frequency check is disabled (i.e. [25.En_fDiffChk] is set as “0”), a detected maximum slip cycle
can also be determined by the following equation based on phase difference setting and the
synchronism check time setting:
f =[25.phi_Diff]/(180×[25.t_SynChk])
Where:
f is slip cycle
If frequency check is enabled (i.e. [25.En_fDiffChk] is set as “1”), then [25.t_SynChk] can be set to
be a very small value (default value is 50ms).
If synchronism voltage from line VT or busbar VT is used for auto-reclosing with synchronism or
dead line or busbar check, the synchronism voltage is monitored.
If the circuit breaker is in closed state (52b of three phases are de-energized), but the synchronism
voltage is lower than the setting [25.U_Lv], it means that synchronism voltage circuit fails and an
alarm [25.Alm_VTS_UB] or [25.Alm_VTS_UL] will be issued with a time delay of 10s.
If auto-reclosing is disabled, or the logic setting [25.En_NoChk] is set as “1”, synchronism voltage
is not required and synchronism voltage circuit failure supervision will be disabled.
When synchronism voltage circuit failure is detected, function of synchronism check and dead
check in auto-reclosing logic will be disabled.
After synchronism voltage reverted to normal condition, the alarm will be reset automatically with a
time delay of 10s.
SIG 79.Inprog
&
10s 10s
SIG UL<[25.U_Lv]
>=1
&
BI 25.MCB_VT_UL 25.Alm_VTS_UL
EN 25.En_SynChk >=1
SIG 25.En_DdL_DdB &
SIG 25.En_DdL_LvB
SIG 25.En_LvL_DdB
SIG 25.Blk_VTS_UL
SIG 79.Inprog
&
10s 10s >=1
SIG UB<[25.U_Lv] &
25.Alm_VTS_UB
BI 25.MCB_VT_UB
EN 25.En_SynChk >=1
SIG 25.En_DdL_DdB &
SIG 25.En_DdL_LvB
SIG 25.En_LvL_DdB
SIG 25.Blk_VTS_UB
25
25.Blk_Chk 25.Ok_fDiffChk
25.Blk_SynChk 25.Ok_UDiffChk
25.Blk_DdChk 25.Ok_phiDiffChk
25.Start_Chk 25.Ok_DdL_DdB
25.Blk_VTS_UB 25.Ok_DdL_LvB
25.Blk_VTS_UL 25.Ok_LvL_DdB
25.MCB_VT_UB 25.Chk_LvL
25.MCB_VT_UL 25.Chk_DdL
25.Chk_LvB
25.Chk_DdB
25.Ok_DdChk
25.Ok_SynChk
25.Ok_Chk
25.Alm_VTS_UL
25.Alm_VTS_UB
f_Prot
f_Syn
U_Diff
f_Diff
phi_Diff
3.23.5 Logic
These logic diagrams give the introduction to the working principles of the synchronism check and
dead charge check.
The frequency difference, voltage difference, and phase difference of voltages from both sides of
the circuit breaker are calculated in the device, they are used as input conditions of the
synchronism check.
When the synchronism check function is enabled and the voltages of both ends meets the
requirements of the voltage difference, phase difference, and frequency difference, and there is no
synchronism check blocking signal, it is regarded that the synchronism check conditions are met.
EN [25.En_SynChk]
SIG 25.Start_Chk
SIG UB>[25.U_Lv]
& &
SIG UL>[25.U_Lv] 50ms 0ms & [25.t_SynChk] 0ms 25.Ok_SynChk
SIG 25.Ok_UDiff
SIG 25.Ok_phiDiff
SIG 25.Ok_fDiff
The dead charge check conditions have three types, namely, live-bus and dead-line check,
dead-bus and live-line check and dead-bus and dead-line check. The above three modes can be
enabled and disabled by the corresponding logic settings. The device can calculate the measured
bus voltage and line voltage at both sides of the circuit breaker and compare them with the
settings [25.U_Lv] and [25.U_Dd]. When the voltage is higher than [25.U_Lv], the bus/line is
regarded as live. When the voltage is lower than [25.U_Dd], the bus/line is regarded as dead.
EN [25.En_DdL_DdB] &
25.Ok_DdL_DdB
SIG Uref<[25.U_Dd] &
SIG Usyn>[25.U_Lv]
EN [25.En_DdL_LvB] &
25.Ok_DdL_LvB
SIG Uref<[25.U_Dd] &
SIG Usyn>[25.U_Lv]
EN [25.En_LvL_DdB] &
25.Ok_LvL_DdB
SIG Uref>[25.U_Lv] &
SIG Usyn<[25.U_Dd]
SIG 25.Alm_VTS_UL
SIG 25.Ok_SynChk
>=1
EN 25.En_NoChk 25.Ok_Chk
SIG 25.Ok_DdChk
This device comprises two synchrocheck modules, correspond to circuit breaker 1 and circuit
breaker 2 respectively.
3.23.6 Settings
Table 3.23-2 Settings of synchrocheck
condition
Time delay to confirm
11 25.t_SynChk 0.010~25.000 s
synchronism check condition
Enabling/disabling frequency
difference check
12 25.En_fDiffChk 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling synchronism
check
13 25.En_SynChk 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling dead line and
dead bus (DLDB) check
14 25.En_DdL_DdB 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling dead line and
live bus (DLLB) check
15 25.En_DdL_LvB 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling live line and
dead bus (LLDB) check
16 25.En_LvL_DdB 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling AR without any
check
17 25.En_NoChk 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Besides overhead lines, other equipment failure, such as cables, busbar, transformer fault and so
on, are generally permanent fault, and auto-reclosing is not initiated after faulty feeder is tripped.
For some mixed circuits, such as overhead line with a transformer unit, hybrid transmission lines,
etc., it is required to ensure that auto-reclosing is only initiated for faults overhead line section, or
This auto-reclosing logic can be used with either integrated device or external device. When the
auto-reclosure is used with integrated device, the internal protection logic can initiate AR,
moreover, a tripping contact from external device can be connected to the device via opto-coupler
input to initiate integrated AR function.
When external auto-reclosure is used, the device can output some configurable output to initiate
external AR, such as, contact of initiating AR, phase-segregated tripping contact, single-phase
tripping contact, three-phase tripping contact and contact of blocking AR. According to
requirement, these contacts can be selectively connected to external auto-reclosure device to
initiate AR.
For phase-segregated circuit breaker, AR mode can be 1-pole AR for single-phase fault and
3-pole AR for multi-phase fault, or always 3-pole AR for any kinds of fault according to system
requirement. For persistent fault or multi-shot AR number preset value is reached, the device will
send final tripping command. The device will provide appropriate tripping command based on
faulty phase selection if adopting 1-pole AR.
AR can be enabled or disabled by logic setting or external signal via binary input. When AR is
enabled, the device will output contact [79.On], otherwise, output contact [79.Off]. After some
reclosing conditions, such as, CB position, CB pressure and so on, is satisfied, the device will
output contact [79.Ready].
According to requirement, the device can be set as one-shot or multi-shot AR. When adopting
multi-shot AR, the AR mode of first time reclosing can be set as 1-pole AR, 3-pole AR or 1/3-pole
AR. The rest AR mode is only 3-pole AR and its number is determined by the maximum 3-pole
reclosing number.
For one-shot AR or first reclosing of multi-shot AR, AR mode can be selected by logic setting
[79.En_1PAR], [79.En_3PAR] and [79.En_1P/3PAR] or external signal via binary inputs. When
3-pole or 1/3-pole AR mode is selected, the following three types of check modes can be selected:
dead charge check, synchronism check and no check.
79
79.En 79.On
79.Blk 79.Off
79.Sel_1PAR 79.Close
79.Sel_3PAR 79.Ready
79.Sel_1P/3PAR 79.AR_Blkd
79.Trp 79.Active
79.Trp3P 79.Inprog
79.TrpA 79.Inprog_1P
79.TrpB 79.Inprog_3P
79.TrpC 79.Inprog_3PS1
79.LockOut 79.Inprog_3PS2
79.PLC_Lost 79.Inprog_3PS3
79.WaitMaster 79.Inprog_3PS4
79.CB_Healthy 79.WaitToSlave
79.Clr_Counter 79.Perm_Trp1P
79.Ok_Chk 79.Perm_Trp3P
79.Rcls_Status
79.Fail_Rcls
79.Succ_Rcls
79.Fail_Chk
79.Mode_1PAR
79.Mode_3PAR
79.Mode_1/3PAR
1: AR is in progress.
2: AR is successful.
18 79.Fail_Rcls Auto-reclosing fails
19 79.Succ_Rcls Auto-reclosing is successful
20 79.Fail_Chk Synchrocheck for AR fails
21 79.Mode_1PAR Output of 1-pole AR mode
22 79.Mode_3PAR Output of 3-pole AR mode
23 79.Mode_1/3PAR Output of 1/3-pole AR mode
Automatic reclosure counter
24 79.N_Total_Rcls Recorded number of all reclosing attempts
25 79.N_1PS1 Recorded number of first 1-pole reclosing attempts
26 79.N_3PS1 Recorded number of first 3-pole reclosing attempts
27 79.N_3PS2 Recorded number of second 3-pole reclosing attempts
28 79.N_3PS3 Recorded number of third 3-pole reclosing attempts
29 79.N_3PS4 Recorded number of fourth 3-pole reclosing attempts
3.24.5 Logic
3.24.5.1 AR Ready
For the first reclosing of multi-shot AR, AR mode can be 1-pole AR or 3-pole AR, however, the
selection is valid only to the first reclosing, after that it can only be 3-pole AR.
When logic setting [79.SetOpt] is set as “1”, AR mode is determined by logic settings. When logic
setting [79.SetOpt] is set as “0”, AR mode is determined by external signal via binary inputs.
An auto-reclosure must be ready to operate before performing reclosing. The output signal
[79.Ready] means that the auto-reclosure can perform at least one time of reclosing function, i.e.,
breaker open-close-open.
When the device is energized or after the settings are modified, the following conditions must be
met before the reclaim time begins:
1. AR function is enabled.
2. The circuit breaker is ready, such as, normal storage energy and no low pressure signal.
3. The duration of the circuit breaker in closed position before fault occurrence is not less than
the setting [79.t_CBClsd].
After the auto-reclosure operates, the auto-reclosure must reset, i.e., [79.Active]=0, in addition to
the above conditions for reclosing again.
When there is a fault on an overhead line, the concerned circuit breakers will be tripped normally.
After fault is cleared, the tripping command will drop off immediately. In case the circuit breaker is
in failure, etc., and the tripping signal of the circuit breaker maintains and in excess of the time
En [79.En_PDF_Blk]
& >=1
&
The input signal [79.CB_Healthy] must be energized before auto-reclosure gets ready. Because
most circuit breakers can finish one complete process: open-closed-open, it is necessary that
circuit breaker has enough energy before reclosing. When the time delay of AR is exhausted, AR
will be blocked if the input signal [79.CB_Healthy] is still not energized within time delay
[79.t_CBReady]. If this function is not required, the input signal [79.CB_Healthy] can be not to
configure, and its state will be thought as “1” by default.
In orde to block AR reliably even if the signal of manually open circuit breaker not connected to the
input of blocking AR, when the circuit breaker is open by manually and there is CB position input
under normal conditions, AR will be blocked with the time delay of 100ms if AR is not initated and
no any trip signal.
When the input signal [79.LockOut] is energized, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately. The
blocking flag of AR will be also controlled by the internal blocking condition of AR. When the
blocking flag of AR is valid, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately.
EN [79.En] &
EN [79.En_ExtCtrl]
>=1
79.On
&
SIG 79.En &
SIG 79.Blk
When a fault occurs under pole disagreement condition, blocking AR can be enabled or disabled.
The time delay [79.t_SecFault] is used to discriminate another fault which begins after 1-pole AR
initiated. AR will be blocked if another fault happens after this time delay if the logic setting
[79.En_PDF_Blk] is set as “1”, and 3-pole AR will be initiated if [79.En_PDF_Blk] is set as “1”.
AR will be blocked immediately once the blocking condition of AR appears, but the blocking
condition of AR will drop off with a time delay [79.t_DDO_BlkAR] after blocking signal disappears.
When one-shot and 1-pole AR is enabled, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately if there are
binary inputs of multi-phase CB position is energized.
When any protection element operates to trip, the device will output a signal [79.Active] until AR
drop off (Reset Command). Any tripping signal can be from external protection device or internal
protection element.
AR function can be enabled by internal logic settings of AR mode or external signal via binary
inputs in addition to internal logic setting [79.En]. When logic setting [79.En_ExtCtrl] is set as “1”,
AR enable are determined by external signal via binary inputs and logic settings. When logic
setting [79.En_ExtCtrl] set as “0”, AR enable are determined only by logic settings.
For one-shot reclosing, if 1-pole AR mode is selected, auto-reclosure will reset when there is
three-phase tripping signal or input signal of multi-phase open position.
SIG 79.On
SIG 79.Mode_3PAR
SIG 79.Ready
SIG 79.Trp
SIG 79.Trp3P
SIG 79.TrpC
When AR is enabled, the device will output the signal [79.Perm_Trp3P] if AR is not ready, or AR
mode is set as 3-Pole AR, or another fault occurs after the circuit breaker is open.
3.24.5.2 AR Initiation
AR mode can be selected by external signal via binary inputs or internal logic settings. If the logic
setting [79.SetOpt] set as “1”, AR mode is determined by the internal logic settings. If the logic
settings [79.SetOpt] set as “0”, AR mode is determined by the external inputs.
AR can be initiated by tripping signal of line protection, and the tripping signal may be from internal
trip signal or external trip signal.
When selecting 1-pole AR or 1/3-pole AR, line single-phase fault will trigger 1-pole AR. When AR
is ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1) and the single-phase tripping command is received, this
single-phase tripping command will be kept in the device, and 1-pole AR will be initiated after the
single-phase tripping command drops off. The single-phase tripping command kept in the device
will be cleared after the completion of auto-reclosing sequence (Reset Command). Its logic is
shown in Figure 3.24-4.
&
SIG 79.Ready
&
1-pole AR Initiation
SIG 79.Sel_1PAR >=1
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
When selecting 3-pole AR or 1/3-pole AR, three-phase tripping will trigger 3-pole AR. When AR is
ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1) and the three-phase tripping command is received, this
three-phase tripping command will be kept in the device, and 3-pole AR will be initiated after the
three-phase tripping command drops off. The three-phase tripping command kept in the device will
be cleared after the completion of auto-reclosing sequence (Reset Command). Its logic is shown
in Figure 3.24-5.
&
SIG 79.Ready
&
3-pole AR Initiation
SIG 79.Sel_3PAR >=1
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
2. AR initiated by CB state
A logic setting [79.En_CBInit] is available for selection that AR is initiated by CB state. Under
normal conditions, when AR is ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1), AR will be initiated if circuit
breaker is open and corresponding phase current is nil. AR initiated by CB state can be divided
into initiating 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR, their logics are shown in Figure 3.24-6 and Figure 3.24-7
respectively. Usually normally closed contact of circuit breaker is used to reflect CB state.
EN [79.En_CBInit]
SIG 79.Ready
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
EN [79.Sel_3PAR] >=1
EN [79.Sel_1P/3PAR]
3.24.5.3 AR Reclosing
After AR is initiated, the device will output the initiating contact of AR. For 1-pole AR, in order to
prevent pole discrepancy protection from maloperation under pole discrepancy conditions, the
contact of “1-pole AR initiation” can be used to block pole discrepancy protection.
When the dead time delay of AR expires after AR is initiated, as for 1-pole AR, the result of
synchronism check will not be judged, and reclosing command will be output directly. As far as the
3-pole AR, if the synchronism check is enabled, the release of reclosing command shall be subject
to the result of synchronism check. After the dead time delay of AR expires, if the synchronism
check is still unsuccessful within the time delay [79.t_wait_Chk], the signal of synchronism check
failure (79.Fail_Chk) will be output and the AR will be blocked. If 3-pole AR with no-check is
enabled, the condition of synchronism check success (25.Ok_Chk) will always be established.
And the signal of synchronism check success (25.Ok_Chk) from the synchronism check logic can
be applied by auto-reclosing function inside the device or external auto-reclosure device.
79.Inprog_1P
>=1
79.Inprog
79.Inprog_3P
>=1
SIG 3-pole AR Initiation [79.t_Dd_3PS1] 0ms & AR Pulse
&
[79.t_Wait_Chk] 0ms 79.Fail_Chk
SIG 79.Ok_Chk
In the process of channel abnormality, an internal fault occurs on the transmission line, backup
protection at both ends of line will operate to trip the circuit breaker of each end. The operation
time of backup protection at both ends of the line is possibly non-accordant, whilst the time delay
of AR needs to consider the arc-extinguishing and insulation recovery ability for transient fault, so
the time delay of AR shall be considered comprehensively according to the operation time of the
device at both ends. When the communication channel of main protection is abnormal (input
signal [79.PLC_Lost] is energized), and the logic setting [79.En_AddDly] is set as “1”, then the
dead time delay of AR shall be equal to the original dead time delay of AR plus the extra time
delay [79.t_AddDly], so as to ensure the recovery of insulation intensity of fault point when
reclosing after transient fault. This extra time delay [79.t_AddDly] is only valid for the first shot AR.
>=1
BI [79.PLC_Lost]
&
SIG 79.Active
&
Extend AR time
EN [79.En_AddDly]
Reclosing pulse length may be set through the setting [79.t_PW_AR]. For the circuit breaker
without anti-pump interlock, a logic setting [79.En_CutPulse] is available to control the reclosing
pulse. When this function is enabled, if the device operates to trip during reclosing, the reclosing
pulse will drop off immediately, so as to prevent multi-shot reclosing onto fault. After the reclosing
command is issued, AR will drop off with time delay [79.t_Reclaim], and can carry out next
reclosing.
EN [79.En_CutPulse]
>=1
&
SIG 79.AR_Out [79.t_Reclaim] 0ms Reset Command
The reclaim timer defines a time from the issue of the reclosing command, after which the
reclosing function resets. Should a new trip occur during this time, it is treated as a continuation of
the first fault. The reclaim timer is started when the CB closing command is given.
SET [79.Opt_Priority]=High
The output signal “79.WaitToSlave” is usually configured to the signal “79.WaitMaster” of slave AR.
Slave AR is permissible to reclosing only if master AR is reclosed successfully.
For transient fault, the fault will be cleared after the device operates to trip. After the reclosing
command is issued, AR will drop off after time delay [79.t_Reclaim], and can carry out next
reclosing. When the reclosing is unsuccessful or the reclosing condition is not met after AR
initiated, the reclosing will be considered as unsuccessful, including the following cases.
1. If any protection element operates to trip when AR is enabled ([79.On]=1) and AR is not ready
([79.Ready]=0), the device will output the signal (79.Fail_Rcls).
2. For one-shot AR, if the tripping command is received again within reclaim time after the
reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall be considered as unsuccessful.
3. For multi-shot AR, if the reclosing times are equal to the setting value of AR number and the
tripping command is received again after the last reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall
be considered as unsuccessful.
4. The logic setting [79.En_FailCheck] is available to judge whether the reclosing is successful
by CB state, when it is set as “1”. If CB is still in open position with a time delay [79.t_Fail] after
the reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall be considered as unsuccessful. For this case,
the device will issue a signal (79.Fail_Rcls) to indicate that the reclosing is unsuccessful, and
this signal will drop off after (Reset Command). AR will be blocked if the reclosing shall be
considered as unsuccessful.
SIG 79.On
&
SIG 79.Ready
SIG 79.AR_Blkd
>=1
SIG AR Pulse
&
[79.t_Fail] 0ms &
SIG 3 CB closed
EN [79.En_FailCheck] &
& 79.Succ_Rcls
0 [79.t_Fail]
After unsuccessful AR is confirmed, AR will be blocked. AR will not enter into the ready state
unless the circuit breaker position drops off , and can only begin to enter into the ready state again
after the circuit breaker is closed.
The device may be set up into one-shot or multi-shot AR. Through the setting [79.N_Rcls], the
maximum number of reclosing attempts may be set up to 4 times. Generally, only one-shot AR is
selected. Some corresponding settings may be hidden if one-shot AR is selected.
1. 1-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 1-pole AR mode, 1-pole AR will be initiated
only for single-phase fault and respective faulty phase selected, otherwise, AR will be blocked. For
single-phase transient fault on the line, line protection device will operate to trip and 1-pole AR is
initiated. After the dead time delay for 1-pole AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse,
and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next
reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed,
and the device will output the signal of reclosing failure [79.Fail_Rcls].
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 1-pole AR mode, the first
reclosing is 1-pole AR, and the subsequent reclosing can only be 3-pole AR. For single-phase
transient fault on the line, line protection device will operate to trip and then 1-pole AR is initiated.
After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and
then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next
reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed,
and then 3-pole AR is initiated. At this time, the time delay applies the setting [79.t_Dd_3PS2].
After the time delay is expired, if the reclosing condition is met, the device will send reclosing pulse.
The sequence is repeated until the reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing
number [79.N_Rcls] is reached. If the first fault is multi-phase fault, the device operates to trip
three-phase and initiate 3-pole AR. At this time, the time delay applies the setting [79.t_Dd_3PS1].
For the possible reclosing times of 3-pole AR in 1-pole AR mode, please refer to Table 3.24-2.
2. 3-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 3-pole AR mode, line protection device will
operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 3-pole AR will be initiated. After the
dead time delay for 3-pole AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and then the
auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next reclosing. For
permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed, and the
device will output the signal of reclosing failure [79.Fail_Rcls].
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 3-pole AR mode, line
protection device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 3-pole AR will be
initiated. After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing
pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the
next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is
performed, and then 3-pole AR is initiated after the tripping contact drops off. After the time delay
for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse. The sequence is repeated until the
reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is reached.
3. 1/3-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 1/3-pole AR mode, line protection device
will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 1-pole AR will be initiated for
single-phase fault and 3-pole AR will be initiated for multi-phase fault. After respective dead time
delay for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop
off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next reclosing. For permanent fault, the
device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed, and the device will output the
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 1/3-pole AR mode, line
protection device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and AR will be
initiated. After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing
pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the
next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is
performed, and then 3-pole AR is initiated after the tripping contact drops off. After the time delay
for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse. The sequence is repeated until the
reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is reached. For the
possible reclosing times of 3-pole AR in 1/3-pole AR mode, please refer to Table 3.24-2.
The table below shows the number of reclose attempts with respect to the settings and AR modes.
Duplicated protection configurations are normally applied for UHV lines. If reclosing function is
integrated within line protections, the auto-reclosing function can be enabled in any or both of the
line protections without coordination.
If both sets of reclosing functions are enabled, when one of them first recloses onto a permanent
fault, the other will block the reclosing pulse according to the latest condition of the faulty phase.
For one-shot AR mode, if the current is detected in the faulty phase, AR will be blocked
immediately to prevent the circuit breaker from repetitive reclosing. For multi-shot AR mode, if the
current is detected in the faulty phase, the current reclosing pulse will be blocked and go into the
next reclosing pulse logic automatically. If the maximum permitted reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is
reached, the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim].
For one-shot or multi-shot AR, there is a corresponding reclosing counter at each stage. After
reclosing pulse is sent, the corresponding reclosing counter will plus 1 and the reclosing counter
may be cleared by the submenu “Clear Counter”. If the circuit breaker is reclosed by other
devices during AR initiation, the auto-reclosure will go into the next reclosing pulse logic.
The following two examples indicate typical time sequence of AR process for transient fault and
permanent fault respectively.
Signal
Fault
Trip
CB 52b
Open
79.t_Reclaim [79.t_Reclaim]
79.Active
79.Inprog [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Inprog_1P [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Ok_Chk
AR Out [79.t_PW_AR]
79.Perm_Trp3P
79.Fail_Rcls
Time
Signal
Fault
Trip
Open Open
52b
79.t_Reclaim [79.t_Reclaim]
79.Active
79.Inprog
79.Inprog_1P [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Inprog_3PS2 [79.t_Dd_3PS2]
79.Ok_Chk
79.Perm_Trp3P
79.Fail_Rcls 200ms
Time
3.24.6 Settings
Table 3.24-3 Settings of auto-reclosing
This function module provides a binary input [TT.Init] for receiving transfer trip from the remote end.
This feature ensures simultaneous tripping at both ends.
Transfer trip can be controlled by local fault detector by logic settings [TT.En_FD_Ctrl]. In addition,
the binary input [TT.Init] is always supervised, and the device will issue an alarm [TT.Alm] and
block transfer trip once the binary input is energized for longer than 4s and drop off after resumed
to normal with a time delay of 10s.
TT
TT.Init TT.Alm
TT.En TT.Op
TT.Blk TT.On
3.25.5 Logic
SIG FD.Pkp
BI [TT.Init]
3.25.6 Settings
Table 3.25-2 Settings of Transfer trip
For any enabled protection tripping elements, their operation signal will convert to appropriate
tripping signals through trip logics and then trigger output contacts by configuration.
This module gathers signals from phase selection and protection tripping elements and then
converts the operation signal from protection tripping elements to appropriate tripping signals.
The device can implement phase-segregated tripping or three-phase tripping, and may output the
contact of blocking AR and the contact of initiating breaker failure protection.
PTRC
En TrpA
Blk TrpB
PrepTrp3P Trp
BFI_C
BFI
Trp3P_PSFail
BlkAR
On
3.26.5 Logic
After tripping signal is issued, the tripping pulse will be kept as same as the setting [t_Dwell_Trp] at
least. When the time delay is expired, for phase-segregated tripping, the tripping signal will drop
off immediately if the faulty current of corresponding phase is less than 0.06In (In is secondary
rated current), otherwise the tripping signal will be always kept until the faulty current of
corresponding phase is less than 0.06In. For three-phase tripping, the tripping signal will drop off
immediately if three-phase currents are all less than 0.06In, otherwise the tripping signal will be
always kept until three-phase currents are all less than 0.06In.
& >=1
SIG FPS (phase A) &
& >=1
SIG FPS (phase B) &
& >=1
SIG FPS (phase C) &
SIG En &
&
SIG Blk
SIG Trp
>=1
&
200ms 0ms Trp3P_PSFail
SIG Line tripping element
&
SIG TrpA [t_Dwell_Trp] 0 & TrpA
SIG Ia<0.06In
&
SIG TrpB [t_Dwell_Trp] 0 & TrpB
SIG Ib<0.06In
&
SIG TrpC [t_Dwell_Trp] 0 & TrpC
SIG Ib<0.06In
SIG TrpA
>=1
SIG TrpB Trp
SIG TrpC
SIG TrpA
&
SIG TrpB Trp3P
SIG TrpC
>=1 &
BFI
&
BFI_B
SIG TrpB
&
BFI_C
SIG TrpC
EN [Y.ZGx.En_BlkAR]
EN 50/51Gx.En_BlkAR
SIG 50PVT.Op
>=1
SIG 50GVT.Op
SIG 59Pz.Op
SIG 27Pz.Op
>=1 >=1
SIG 81U.UFx.Op >=1 >=1
BlkAR
SIG 81O.OFx.Op
SIG 50BF.Op_t2
SIG 49-2.Op
SIG 62PD.Op
SIG TT.Op
EN En_MPF_Blk_AR &
EN En_PhSF_Blk_AR &
SIG 32Rz.Op
Where:
x can be 1, 2, 3 or 4
z can be 1 or 2
3.26.6 Settings
Table 3.26-2 Settings of trip logic
VT circuit failure can be caused by many reasons, such as fuse blown due to short-circuit fault,
poor contact of VT circuit, VT maintenance and so on. The device can detect them and issue an
alarm signal to block relevant protection functions. However, the alarm of VT circuit failure should
not be issued when the following cases happen.
2. Only current protection functions are enabled and VT is not connected to the device.
VT circuit supervision can detect failure of single-phase, two-phase and three-phase on protection
VT. Under normal condition, the device continuously supervises input voltage from VT, VT circuit
failure signal will be activated if residual voltage exceeds the threshold value or positive-sequence
voltage is lower than the threshold value. If the device is under pickup state due to system fault or
other abnormality, VT circuit supervision will be disabled.
Under normal conditions, the device detect residual voltage greater than 8% of Unn to determine
single-phase or two-phase VT circuit failure, and detect three times positive-sequence voltage less
than Unn to determine three-phase VT circuit failure. Upon detecting abnormality on VT circuit, an
alarm will comes up with the time delay [VTS.t_DPU] and drop off with the time delay [VTS.t_DDO]
after VT circuit restored to normal.
VT (secondary circuit) MCB auxiliary contact as a binary input can be connected to the binary
input circuit of the device. If MCB is open (i.e. [VTS.MCB_VT] is energized), the device will
consider the VT circuit is not in a good condition and issues an alarm without a time delay.
When VT is not connected into the device, the alarm will be not issued if the logic setting
[VTS.En_Out_VT] is set as “1”. However, the alarm is still issued if the binary input [VTS.MCB_VT]
is energized, no matter that the logic setting [VTS.En_Out_VT] is set as “1” or “0”.
When VT neutral point fails, third harmonic of residual voltage is comparatively large. If third
harmonic amplitude of residual voltage is larger than 0.2Unn and without operation of fault
detector element, VT neutral point failure alarm signal [VTNS.Alm] will be issued with the time
delay [VTS.t_DPU] and drop off with the time delay [VTS.t_DDO] after three phases voltage
restored to normal.
VTS VTNS
VTS.Blk VTNS.Blk
VTS.MCB_VT
logic etc.
VT neutral point supervision enabling input, it is triggered from binary input or
3 VTNS.En
programmable logic etc.
VT neutral point supervision blocking input, it is triggered from binary input or
4 VTNS.Blk
programmable logic etc.
5 VTS.MCB_VT Binary input for VT MCB auxiliary contact
No. Output Signal Description
1 VTS.Alm Alarm signal to indicate VT circuit fails
2 VTNS.Alm Alarm signal to indicate VT neutral point fails
3.27.5 Logic
&
SIG FD.Pkp >=1
SIG 79.Inprog
SIG 3U0>0.08Unn
>=1
SIG 3U1<Unn &
>=1 1: open
EN [VTS.En_LineVT] & 0: closed
BI [VTS.MCB_VT]
EN [VTS.En]
&
SIG [VTS.En]
SIG [VTS.Blk]
&
SIG FD.Pkp >=1
SIG 79.Inprog
1: open
0: closed
SIG U03>0.2Unn & >=1
[VTS.t_DPU] [VTS.t_DDO] & VTNS.Alm
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
EN [VTS.En]
&
SIG [VTNS.En]
SIG [VTNS.Blk]
If there is already a VTS alarm before FD operated, VTS will continue to block distance protection,
that is VTS will be latched when FD operates.
3.27.6 Settings
Table 3.27-2 VTS Settings
The purpose of the CT circuit supervision is to detect any abnormality on CT secondary circuit.
CTS
CTS.En CTS.Alm
CTS.Blk
3.28.5 Logic
SIG 3I0>0.1In
&
SIG 3U0<3V
SIG IA<0.06In
>=1
SIG IB<0.06In
SIG IC<0.06In
3. Remote closing CB from SCADA (i.e., local HMI system) or control center (CC)
Programmable interlocking logics within a bay and amongst different bays are provided by using
PCS-Explorer.
High reliability is ensured by adopting the principle of selection before operation (abbreviated
SBO). When the binary input [BI_Maintenance] is energized as “1”, remote control from
1) The control source (SCADA/CC, or local LCD control operation, or manual control operation)
sends control selection command to this device
2) This device sends back the control selection result (success or failure) to the control source
after logic judgment
3) The control source sends control operation command to this device if the control selection
result is “success”. The control source will send control cancellation command to this device if
the control selection result is “failure”.
4) This device sends back the control operation result (success or failure) to the control source
after logic judgment.
Logic calculation result of interlocking is input to the remote control module as a criterion of remote
operation. When the enabling parameter of remote open/close interlock is “1”, remote control
module determines whether it can be output according to the calculation result of interlocking. If
the current breaker position or programmable part can meet the interlocking condition, remote
control can be output normally, otherwise remote operation is blocked. When the enabling
parameter of remote open/close interlock is “0”, interlocking function is disabled and remote
control will be output directly without the judgment of interlocking.
Holding time of each binary output contact can be set by configuring corresponding settings and is
often configured as 250ms. However, for the control circuits without latched relays, the holding
time must be longer to ensure successful control operation.
SIG BIinput.CILO.Disable
>=1
EN [CSWI01.En_Cls_Blk]
SIG CSWI01.CILO.EnCls
SIG BIinput.LocCtrl
&
SIG CSWI01.Cmd_LocCtrl
SET MCBrd.25.En_LvL_DdB
>=1
SET MCBrd.25.En_DdL_LvB >=1
SET MCBrd.25.En_DdL_DdB
SIG Sig_Ok_Chk
SET MCBrd.25.En_NoChk
SIG BIinput.CILO.Disable
>=1
EN [CSWIxx.En_Cls_Blk] &
[CSWIxx.t_PW_Cls] 0ms [CSWIxx.Op_Cls]
SIG CSWIxx.CILO.EnCls
SIG CSWIxx.Cmd_RmtCtrl
SIG CSWIxx.Cmd_LocCtrl
Where:
xx=02~10
Only the first closing command “CSWI01.Op_Cls” controlled by synchrocheck logic can be used
for CB closing.
After receiving a closing command, this device will continuously check whether the 2 voltages
(Incoming voltage and reference voltage) involved in synchronism check (or dead check) can meet
the criteria. Within the duration of [MCBrd.25.t_Wait_Chk], if the synchronism check (or dead
check) criteria are not met, the signal “Sig_Ok_Chk” will be set as “0”; if the synchronism check (or
dead check) criteria are met, the signal “Sig_Ok_Chk” will be set as “1”.
Access the menu “Local Cmd→Control” to issue control command locally, and this signal
“CSWIxx.Cmd_LocCtrl” will be set as “1”.
Remote control commands from SCADA/CC can be transmitted via IEC 60870-5-103 protocol or
IEC 61850 protocol, and this signal “CSWIxx.Cmd_RmtCtrl” will be set as “1”.
SIG BIinput.CILO.Disable
>=1
EN [CSWI01.En_Opn_Blk] &
[CSWI01.t_PW_Opn] 0ms [CSWI01.Op_Opn]
SIG CSWI01.CILO.EnOpn
SIG CSWI01.Cmd_RmtCtrl
SIG CSWI01.Cmd_LocCtrl
SIG BIinput.CILO.Disable
>=1
EN [CSWIxx.En_Opn_Blk] &
[CSWIxx.t_PW_Opn] 0ms [CSWIxx.Op_Opn]
SIG CSWIxx.CILO.EnOpn
SIG CSWIxx.Cmd_RmtCtrl
SIG CSWIxx.Cmd_LocCtrl
Where:
xx=01~10
The control output fulfills signal output circuit, and opens or closes circuit breaker, disconnector
and earth switch according to the control command. Object manipulation strictly performs three
steps: selection, check and excute, and perform output relay check, to ensure that the remote
control can be excuted safely and reliably.
When logic interlock is enabled, the device can receive the programmable interlock logic. The
device can automatically initiate the interlock logic to determine whether to allow control
operations. The device provides corresponding settings ([CSWIxx.En_Opn_Blk] and
[CSWIxx.En_Cls_Blk]) for each control object. When they are set as “1”, the interlock function of
the corresponding control object is enabled. The interlock logic can be configured by using
PCS-Explorer, and downloaded to the device via the Ethernet port. If the interlock function is
enabled, but it is not configured the interlock logic, the result of the logic output is 0.
The control record is a file which is used to store remote control command records of this device
circularly. If the record number is to 256, the storage area of the control record will be full. If this
device has received a new remote command, this device will delete the oldest remote control
record, and then store the latest remote control record.
There are 10 configuration page corresponding to 10 control outputs in totall respectively. Each
configuration page can finish some signals configuration, including remote control, local control,
disable interlock blocking, and so on.
In order to conveniently configure control output, the same output signals, including
“BIinput.RmtCtrl”, “BIinput.LocCtrl” and “BIinput.CILO.Disable”, are available after processing
binary signals internally, as shown in figure below.
The configuration rule about remote control and local control to binary outputs is as bellow:
Remot Local
CSWIxx. BIinput. CSWIxx. BIinput. Control Mode
RmtCtrl RmtCtrl LocCtrl LocCtrl
X X X X Neither Local control nor remote control are permissible.
0 X X X
Only local control is permissible.
X 0 X X
1 X X X
Only remote control is permissible.
X 1 X X
X X 0 X
Only remote control is permissible.
X X X 0
X X 1 X
Only local control is permissible.
X X X 1
0 X 0 X
0 X X 0
Neither Local control nor remote control are permissible.
X 0 0 X
X 0 X 0
0 X 1 X
X 0 1 X
Only local control is permissible.
0 X X 1
X 0 X 1
1 X 0 X
1 X X 0
Only remote control is permissible.
X 1 0 X
X 1 X 0
1 X 1 X Both Local control and remote control are permissible.
1 X X 1
X 1 1 X
X 1 X 1
For remote control or local control, they can be configured by either of “CSWIxx.RmtCtrl” and
“BIinput.RmtCtrl”, or either of “CSWIxx.LocCtrl” and “BIinput.LocCtrl”. X means that it is not
configured.
2. Synchrocheck
Three synchrocheck modes are designed for CB closing: no check mode, dead check mode and
synchronism check mode, if any one of the condition of three synchrocheck modes satisfied, then
synchrocheck signal “Sig_Ok_Chk” will be asserted.
The synchronism check function measures the conditions across the circuit breaker and compares
them with the corresponding settings. The output is only given if all measured quantities are
simultaneously within their set limits. Compared to the synchronism check for auto-reclosing, an
additional criterion is applied to check the rate of frequency change (df/dt) between both sides of
the CB.
When the following four conditions are all met, the synchronism check is successful.
1) Phase angle difference between incoming voltage and reference voltage is less than the
setting [MCBrd.25.phi_Diff]
2) Frequency difference between incoming voltage and reference voltage is less than
[MCBrd.25.f_Diff]
3) Voltage difference between between incoming voltage and reference voltage is less than
[MCBrd.25.U_Diff]
4) Rate of frequency change between incoming voltage and reference voltage is less than
[MCBrd.25.df/dt]
The dead check function measures the amplitude of line voltage and bus voltage at both sides of
the circuit breaker, and then compare them with the live check setting [MCBrd.25.U_Lv] and the
dead check setting [MCBrd.25.U_Dd]. The dead check is successful when the measured
quantities comply with the criteria.
When this device is set to work in no check mode and receives a closing command, CB will be
closed without synchronism check and dead check.
CSWI01
CILO.EnOpn Op_Opn
CILO.EnCls Op_Cls
RmtCtrl
LocCtrl
CILO.Disable
ManSynCls
ManOpn
CSWIxx
CILO.EnOpn Op_Opn
CILO.EnCls Op_Cls
RmtCtrl
LocCtrl
CILO.Disable
BIinput
RmtCtrl RmtCtrl
LocCtrl LocCtrl
CILO.Disable CILO.Disable
xx can be from 02 to 10
check(or dead check) criteria are not met, [Sig_Ok_Chk] will be set as “0”;
if the synchronism check(or dead check) criteria are met, [Sig_Ok_Chk]
will be set as “1”.
2 CSWIxx.CILO.EnOpn It is the interlock status of No.xx open output of BO module (xx=01~10)
5 BIinput.CILO.Disable gained. If some binary output need not be controlled by three signals,
please cancle the configuration by PCS-Explorer, and configure it
independently.
3.29.5 Settings
Table 3.29-2 Control Settings
The logic makes the device ideal for single-phase tripping applications.
1) Phase A: ΔUOPA
2) Phase B: ΔUOPB
3) Phase C: ΔUOPC
If ΔUOΦMAX is several times higher than the variation of operating voltages of other two phases, the
single-phase fault is ensured, otherwise, the multi-phase fault is ensured.
ΔUOPA Phase A
ΔUOPB Phase B
ΔUOPC Phase C
ΔUOPAB Phase AB
ΔUOPBC Phase BC
ΔUOPCA Phase CA
The phase selection algorithm uses the angle relation between I 0 and I2A of the device. As shown
in Figure 3.30-1, there are three faulty phase selection regions.
Region A
60° -60°
Region B Region C
180°
Depended on the phase relation between I0 and I2A, the faulty phase can be determined.
For single-phase earth fault, I0 and I2 of faulty phase are in-phase and its distance element
operates.
For phase to phase to earth fault, I0 and I2 of non-faulty phase are in-phase but its distance
element does not operate.
PhSel
PhSA
PhSB
PhSC
GndFlt
The main objective of line protection is fast, selective and reliable operation for faults on a
protected line section. Besides this, information on distance to fault is very important for those
involved in operation and maintenance. Reliable information on the fault location greatly
decreases the outage of the protected lines and increases the total availability of a power system.
This fault location function cannot be used for the transmission line with series compensation.
The fault location is an essential function to various line protection devices, after selecting faulty
phase, it measures and indicates the distance to the fault with high accuracy. Thus, the fault can
be quickly located for repairs. The calculation algorithm considers the effect of load currents,
double-end infeed and additional fault resistance. Both double-end fault location and single-end
fault location are available in line differential relay, but only single-end fault location is provided in
other relays.
[km]
Where:
Zcalc: The impedance value calculated from the location of protection device to fault point
When an earth fault occurred on a line of parallel lines arrangement, a distance relay at one end of
the faulty line will tend to underreach whilst the distance relay at the other end will tend to
overreach. Usually the degree of underreach or overreach is acceptable, however, for cases
where precise fault location is required for long lines with high mutual coupling, mutual
compensation is then required to improve the distance measurement. Practically, the mutual effect
between the parallel lines is insignificant to positive and negative sequence and thus the mutual
compensation is only for zero sequence
A Ia B
ZM
k
C Ic D
kZL (1-k)ZL
ZS
ZL
The principle in the application of mutual compensation is shown as follows with the aid of
following sequence network diagram figure. The diagram indicates a parallel lines arrangement
with an earth fault at location k on line CD.
The equivalent sequence network for an earth fault on a parallel lines arrangement with single
source is shown as below.
Ia1 ZL1
ZS1
kZL1 (1-k)ZL1
Ic1
Ia2 ZL2
ZS2
kZL2 (1-k)ZL2
Ic2
Ia0 ZL0
ZS0
Z0M
kZL0 (1-k)ZL0
Ic0
The device at location C without mutual compensation will have voltage U RC and current IRC
measured as shown in the expression
The residual current from the parallel line should be added to the device. It should be connected to
terminal 08 and star point of the parallel line CT connected to terminal 07 as shown in the following
figure. Please note the connection diagram and the terminal numbers are for reference only. The
final connection terminals are subject to the device configuration at site.
P2 S2 P2 S2
P1 S1 P1 S1
02 01 02 01
04 03 04 03
06 05 06 05
08 07 08 07
FL
FPS_Fault Fault_Location
FD.Pkp Fault_Phase
Fault_Phase_Curr
Fault_Resid_Curr
4 Supervision
Table of Contents
4 Supervision ...................................................................................... 4-a
4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Supervision Alarms ......................................................................................... 4-1
4.3 Relay Self-supervision.................................................................................... 4-7
4.3.1 Relay Hardware Monitoring................................................................................................ 4-7
List of Tables
Table 4.2-1 Alarm description ...................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Overview
Protection system is in quiescent state under normal conditions, and it is required to respond
promptly for faults occurred on power system. When the device is in energizing process before the
LED “HEALTHY” is on, the device need to be checked to ensure no abnormality. Therefore, the
automatic supervision function, which checks the health of the protection system when startup and
during normal operation, plays an important role.
The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.
In case a defect is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the device,
the device will be blocked with indication and alarm of relay out of service. It is suggested a trial
recovery of the device by re-energization. Please contact supplier if the device is still failure.
When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed by a LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. The failure alarm is also recorded in event recording report
and can be printed If required.
A minor abnormality may block a certain number of protections functions while the other functions
can still work. However, if severe hardware failure or abnormality, such as PWR module failure,
DC converter failure and so on, are detected, all protection functions will be blocked and the LED
“HEALTHY” will be extinguished and blocking output contacts BO_FAIL will be given. The
protective device then can not work normally and maintenance is required to eliminate the failure.
All the alarm signals and the corresponding handling suggestions are listed below.
Note!
If the protective device is blocked or alarm signal is sent during operation, please do find
out its reason with the help of self-diagnostic record. If the reason can not be found at site,
please notify the factory NR. Please do not simply press button “TARGET RESET” on the
protection panel or re-energize on the device.
instantaneously.
The error is found during MON module checking
settings of device.
16 Alm_Settings_MON Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will
be latched unless re-powering or rebooting the device.
The error is found during checking the version of
software downloaded to the device.
17 Alm_Version Unblocked
This signal will pick up instantaneously and will drop off
instantaneously.
The active group set by settings in device and that set
by binary input are not matched.
18 Alm_BI_SettingGrp Unblocked
This signal will pick up instantaneously and will drop off
instantaneously.
Data frame is abnormal between two DSP modules.
19 Alm_DSP_Frame This signal will pick up instantaneously and will drop off Unblocked
instantaneously.
The power supply of BI plug-in module in slot xx is
abnormal.
20 Bxx.Alm_OptoDC Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
Fault detector element operates for longer than 50s.
21 Alm_Pkp_FD This signal will pick up with a time delay of 50s and will Unblocked
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
Neutral current fault detector element operates for
longer than 10s.
22 Alm_Pkp_I0 Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
Protection VT circuit fails.
23 VTS.Alm This signal will pick up with a time delay [VTS.t_DPU] Unblocked
and will drop off with a time delay [VTS.t_DDO].
Protection VT circuit of neutral point fails.
24 VTNS.Alm This signal will pick up with a time delay [VTS.t_DPU] Unblocked
and will drop off with a time delay [VTS.t_DDO].
CT circuit of corresponding circuit breaker fails.
25 CTS.Alm This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will Unblocked
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
The auxiliary normally closed contact (52b) of
corresponding circuit breaker is abnormal.
26 Alm_52b Unblocked
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 10s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
The device is in maintenance state.
27 BI_Maintenance This signal will pick up with a time delay of 150ms and Unblocked
will drop off with a time delay of 150ms.
This signal will pick up with a time delay of 1.25s and will
drop off with a time delay of 10s.
46 79.Fail_Rcls Auto-reclosing fails. Unblocked
47 79.Fail_Chk Synchrocheck for AR fails. Unblocked
Input signal of receiving transfer trip is energized for
48 TT.Alm longer than 4s and it will drop off with a time delay of Unblocked
10s.
2. check whether the wiring connection between the device and the clock
When any fault detector picks up for longer than 50s, an alarm will be issued [Alm_Pkp_FD]
without the device blocked.
If 52b of three phases are energized that indicates circuit breaker is open but there is still current
detected in the line (the measured current is greater than a settable threshold value) or
three-phase circuit breaker is in pole disagreement, an alarm signal [Alm_52b] will be issued after
10 seconds.
GOOSE alarm signal indicating that there is a network storm occurring on the
1 GAlm_AStorm_SL
network A.
GOOSE alarm signal indicating that there is a network storm occurring on the
2 GAlm_BStorm_SL
network B.
4 Namexx.GAlm_ADisc_SL_xx GOOSE alarm signal indicating that network A for Namexx is disconnected.
5 Namexx.GAlm_BDisc_SL_xx GOOSE alarm signal indicating that network B for Namexx is disconnected.
These are GOOSE alarm reports. When any alarm message is issued, the LED “ALARM” is lit without
the device being blocked. After the abnormality is removed, the device will return to normal with the
LED “ALARM” being distinguished automatically.
6 Namexx.GAlm_Cfg_SL_xx Please check the GOOSE configuration file and the network
Namexx is the name defined by the setting [Linkxx], xx=01, 02, 03, …, 64
5 Management
Table of Contents
5 Management ..................................................................................... 5-a
5.1 Measurement ................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.1 Root-Mean-Square Values ................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Measurement
PCS-931 performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The current full
scale of relay is 40 times of rated current, and there is no effect to the performance of IED due to
overflowing of current full scale. The device samples 24 points per cycle and calculates the RMS
value in each interval and updated the LCD display in every 0.5 second. The measurement data
can be displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local/remote PC via software tool.
Navigate the menu to view the sampling value through LCD screen.
“Measurement1” is use to display measured values from protection calculation DSP (displayed in
secondary value)
“Measurement2” is used to display measured values from fault detector DSP (displayed in
secondary value)
No. Symbol Definition Resolution Unit
“Measurement1” is use to display measured values from protection calculation DSP (displayed in
secondary value)
“Measurement2” is used to display measured values from fault detector DSP (displayed in
secondary value)
No. Symbol Definition Resolution Unit
phase-A current
“Measurement3” is used to display measured primary values and other calculated quantities
related to the measurement and control.
7 3I0Adj The primary value of residual current from parallel line 0.000 A
5.2 Recording
5.2.1 Overview
PCS-931 provides the following recording functions:
1. Event recording
2. Disturbance recording
3. Present recording
All the recording information except waveform can be viewed on local LCD or by printing.
Waveform could only be printed or extracted with PCS-Explorer software tool and a waveform
analysis software.
The device can store the latest 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events, 256 control logs and 1024 device logs. All the records are stored in non-volatile memory,
and when the available space is exhausted, the oldest record is automatically overwritten by the
latest one.
When any protection element operates or drops off, such as fault detector, distance protection etc.,
they will be logged in event records.
The device is under automatic supervision all the time. If there are any failure or abnormal
condition detected, such as, chip damaged, VT circuit failure and so on, it will be logged in event
records.
When there is a binary input is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from “0” to “1”
or from “1” to “0”, it will be logged in event records.
When the total number of control command records reaches 256, “Control_Logs” memory area
will be full. If the device receives a new control command now, the oldest control command record
will be deleted, and then the latest control command record will be stored and displayed.
If an operator implements some operations on the device, such as reboot protective device,
modify setting, etc., they will be logged in event records.
Disturbance records can be used to have a better understanding of the behavior of the power
network and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. Analysis of
the recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to improve existing equipment.
This information can also be used when planning for and designing new installations.
5.2.3.2 Design
A disturbance record consists of fault record and fault waveform. The disturbance record can be
initiated by fault detector element, tripping element, reclosing element or configurable signal
[BI_TrigDFR].
The device can store up to 32 disturbance records with waveform in non-volatile memory. It is
based on first in first out queue that the oldest disturbance record will be overwritten by the latest
one.
1. Sequence number
Each operation will be recorded with a sequence number in the record and displayed on LCD
screen.
The time resolution is 1ms using the relay internal clock synchronized via clock synchronized
device if connected. The date and time is recorded when a system fault is detected.
An operating time (not including the operating time of output relays) is recorded in the record.
4. Faulty phase
5. Fault location
To get accurate result of fault location, the following settings shall be set correctly:
6. Protection elements
MON module can store 32 pieces of fault waveform oscillogram in non-volatile memory. If a new
fault occurs when 32 fault waveform have been stored, the oldest will be overwritten by the latest
one.
Each fault record consists of all analog and digital quantities related to protection, such as original
current and voltage, differential current, alarm elements, and binary inputs and etc.
Each time recording includes 12-cycle pre-fault waveform, and 250 cycles at least and 500 cycles
at most can be recorded. Each cycle waveform is high-frequency recording at a rate of 1200Hz (24
poingts per cycle).
Each time recording includes 12-cycle waveform before triggering, and 250 cycles at most can be
recorded. Each cycle waveform is high-frequency recording at a rate of 1200Hz (24 poingts per
cycle).
6 Hardware
Table of Contents
6 Hardware .......................................................................................... 6-a
6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Typical Wiring .................................................................................................. 6-4
6.2.1 Conventional CT/VT (For reference only) .......................................................................... 6-4
List of Figures
Figure 6.1-1 Rear view of fixed module position ....................................................................6-1
Figure 6.3-9 View of AI plug-in module for one CT group input ..........................................6-17
Figure 6.3-12 View of AI plug-in module for two CT group input ........................................6-19
Figure 6.3-15 View of AI plug-in module for two CT group input ........................................6-22
List of Tables
Table 6.3-1 Terminal definition and description of PWR plug-in module ............................6-10
6.1 Overview
PCS-931 adopts 32-bit microchip processor CPU produced by FREESCALE as control core for
management and monitoring function, meanwhile, adopts high-speed digital signal processor DSP
for all the protection calculation. 24 points are sampled in every cycle and parallel processing of
sampled data can be realized in each sampling interval to ensure ultrahigh reliability and safety of
the device.
PCS-931 is comprised of intelligent plug-in modules, except that few particular plug-in modules’
position cannot be changed in the whole device (gray plug-in modules as shown in Figure 6.1-1),
other plug-in modules like AI (analog input) and IO (binary input and binary output) can be flexibly
configured in the remaining slot positions.
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
PCS-931 has 16 slots, PWR plug-in module, MON plug-in module, DSP plug-in module and CH
plug-in module are assigned at fixed slots.
Besides 5 fixed modules are shown in above figure, there are 12 slots can be flexibly configured.
AI plug-in module, BI plug-in module and BO plug-in module can be configured at position
between slot 02, 03 and 06~15. It should be pay attention that AI plug-in module will occupy two
slots.
This device is developed on the basis of our latest software and hardware platform, and the new
platform major characteristics are of high reliability, networking and great capability in
anti-interference. See Figure 6.1-2 for hardware diagram.
Output Relay
Binary Input
External
Protection
Conventional CT/VT A/D Calculation
DSP
ECVT
Fault
A/D Detector Pickup
DSP Relay
ECVT
ETHERNET
LCD +E
Clock SYN
Power
Uaux LED CPU
Supply
RJ45
Keypad
PRINT
The working process of the device is as shown in above figure: current and voltage from
conventional CT/VT are converted into small voltage signal and sent to DSP module after filtered
and A/D conversion for protection calculation and fault detector respectively (ECVT signal is sent
to the device without small signal and A/D convertion). When DSP module completes all the
protection calculation, the result will be recorded in 32-bit CPU on MON module. DSP module
carries out fault detector, protection logic calculation, tripping output, and MON module perfomes
SOE (sequence of event) record, waveform recording, printing, communication between the
device and SAS and communication between HMI and CPU. When fault detector detects a fault
and picks up, positive power supply for output relay is provided.
The items can be flexibly configured depending on the situations like sampling method of the
device (conventional CT/VT or ECT/EVT), and the mode of binary output (conventional binary
output or GOOSE binary output). The configurations for PCS-900 series based on microcomputer
are classified into standard and optional modules.
3 NR1161 Protection calculation and fault detector module (DSP module) standard
MON module provides functions like communication with SAS, event record, setting
management etc.
AI module converts AC current and voltage from current transformers and voltage
transformers respectively to small voltage signal.
DSP module performs filtering, sampling, protection calculation and fault detector calculation.
CH module performs information exchange with the remote device through a dedicated
optical fibre channel, multiplex optical fibre channel or PLC channel.
BI module provides binary inputs via opto-couplers with rating voltage among
24V/110V/125V/220V/250V (configurable).
BO module provides output contacts for tripping, and signal output contact for annunciation
signal, remote signal, fault and disturbance signal, operation abnormal signal etc.
PWR module converts DC 250/220/125/110V into various DC voltage levels for modules of
the device.
HMI module is comprised of LCD, keypad, LED indicators and multiplex RJ45 ports for user
as human-machine interface.
NET-DSP module receives and sends GOOSE messages, sampled values (SV) from
merging unit by IEC61850-9-2 protocol.
PCS-931 series is made of a 4U height 19” chassis for flush mounting. Components mounted on
its front include a 320×240 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 20 LED indicators and a multiplex
RJ45 port. A monolithic micro controller is installed in the equipment for these functions.
1 11
HEALTHY PCS-931
2 12
ALARM LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
3 13
4 14
GRP
5 15
6 16 ENT
ESC
7 17
8 18
9 19
10 20
20 LED indicators are, from top to bottom, operation (HEALTHY), self-supervision (ALARM),
others are configurable.
For the 9-button keypad, “ENT” is “enter”, “GRP” is “group number” and “ESC” is “escape”.
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1161 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
5V OK ALM
TX
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
RX
ON
TX
OFF
RX
DANGER
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1161 NR1504 NR1521A NR1521C NR1521C NR1521F NR1301
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
…
CH-TX
…
0203
0204 Ib BI_12 + 0814
0205
To parallel line Ic Not used 0815
0206
0207 BI_13 + 0816
From parallel line 0208 IM0
…
0213
Protection Voltage
Controlled by fault
0218
detector element
BO_01 1102
1103
0219
Synchronism Voltage
BO_02 1104
0220 UB1
…
1121
0221 BO_11
UL2 1122
0222
0223
1201
Signal Binary Output
0224 UB2
BO_01 1202
1203
PWR+ P110 BO_02
External DC power Power 1204
…
B 0102
COM
1503
SGND 0103 BO_CtrlCls1 1504
0104
…
BO_CtrlOpn5 1518
SYN- 0102
SGND 0103 1519
BO_CtrlCls5 1520
0104
1521
PRINTER
TXD 0106
Multiplex P112
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front)
0225
Grounding
Bus
PCS-931 (conventional CT/VT and conventional binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
PCS-931 (conventional CT/VT and GOOSE binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
NET-DSP Module
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
terminal
CH-RX BI_03 + 0805
…
BI_11 + 0821
Phase A RX
Phase B
(LC Type)
Up to 8
Phase C TX 1101
Controlled by fault
detector element
BO_01 1102
…
1103
BO_02 1104
…
1121
BO_11 1122
PWR+ P110
External DC power Power
1201
…
1221
P102 BO_FAIL BO_11 1222
P103 BO_ALM
P101 COM 1501
P105 BO_FAIL BO_CtrlOpn1 1502
P106
Signal Binary Output (option)
BO_ALM 1503
P104 COM BO_CtrlCls1 1504
…
A 0101
B 0102 1517
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
BO_CtrlOpn5 1518
SGND 0103
0104 1519
BO_CtrlCls5 1520
SYN+ 0101 1521
Clock SYN
RTS 0105
PRINT
P112
TXD 0106
Multiplex
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front) 0225 Grounding
Bus
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
NET-
MON DSP CH BI BI BO BO BO BO PWR
DSP
In the protection system adopting electronic current and voltage transformer (ECT/EVT), the
merging unit will merge the sample data from ECT/EVT, and then send it to the device through
multi-mode optical fibre. DSP module receives the data from merging unit through the optical-fibre
interface to complete the protection calculation and fault detector.
The difference between the hardware platform based on ECT/EVT and the hardware platform
based on conventional CT/VT lies in the receiving module of sampled values only, and the device
receives the sampled value from merging unit through multi-mode optical fibre.
6.2.3 CT Requirement
-Rated primary current Ipn:
-Rated short-time thermal current Ith and rated dynamic current Idyn:
Performance verification
For example:
= 30×5×(1+60/25)=510V
Esl′ = 2×Ipcf×Isn×(Rct+Rb)/Ipn
= 2×Ipcf ×Isn×(Rct+(Rr+2×RL+Rc))/Ipn
= 2×40000×5×(1+(0.1+2×0.5+0.1))/2000=440V
The +5V DC output provides power supply for all the electrical elements that need +5V DC power
supply in this device.
The use of an external miniature circuit breaker is recommended. The miniature circuit breaker
must be in the on position when the device is in operation and in the off position when the device is
in cold reserve.
A 12-pin connector is fixed on PWR module. The terminal definition of the connector is described
as below.
NR1301
5V OK ALM
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
ON
OFF
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
The power switch in the dotted box of above figure maybe is not existed.
01
BO_FAIL
02
BO_ALM
03
04
BO_FAIL
05
BO_ALM
06
Note!
The standard rated voltage of PWR module is self-adaptive to 88~300 Vdc. If input voltage
is out of range, an alarm signal (Fail_Device) will be issued. For non-standard rated
voltage power supply module please specify when place order, and check if the rated
voltage of power supply module is the same as the voltage of power source before the
device being put into service.
PWR module provides terminal 12 and grounding screw for device grounding. Terminal 12
shall be connected to grounding screw and then connected to the earth copper bar of
panel via dedicated grounding wire.
Effective grounding is the most important measure for a device to prevent EMI, so effective
grounding must be ensured before the device is put into service.
PCS-931, like almost all electronic relays, contains electrolytic capacitors. These
capacitors are well known to be subject to deterioration over time if voltage is not applied
periodically. Deterioration can be avoided by powering the relays up once a year.
MON module uses the internal bus to receive the data from other modules of the device. It
communicates with the LCD module by RS-485 bus. This module comprises 100BaseT Ethernet
interfaces, RS-485 communication interfaces that exchange information with above system by
using IEC 61850, PPS/IRIG-B differential time synchronization interface and RS-232 printing
interface.
Modules with various combinations of memory and interface are available as shown in the table
below.
TX
ETHERNET ETHERNET
RX
TX
RX
ETHERNET
04
05 A
06 B
RS-485 To SCADA
07 SGND
08
09 SYN+
10 SYN- To clock
RS-485
11 SGND synchronization
12
13 RTS
RS-232 14 TXD To printer Cable
15 SGND
16
The correct connection is shown in Figure 6.3-4. Generally, the shielded cable with two pairs of
twisted pairs inside shall be applied. One pair of the twisted pairs are respectively used to connect
the “+” and “–” terminals of difference signal. The other pair of twisted pairs are used to connect
the signal ground of the communication interface. The module reserves a free terminal for all the
communication ports. The free terminal has no connection with any signal of the device, and it is
used to connect the external shields of the cable when connecting multiple devices in series. The
external shield of the cable shall be grounded at one of the ends only.
B 02
COM
SGND 03
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
04
SYN- 02
SGND 03
04
Cable
RTS 05
PRINT
TXD 06
SGND 07
For AI module, if the plug is not put in the socket, external CT circuit is closed itself. Just shown as
below.
Plug
Socket
In
Out
In
Out
There are two types of AI module with rating 5 A or 1 A. Please declare which kind of AI module is
needed before ordering. Maximum linear range of the current converter is 40In.
For one CT group input, three phase currents (Ia, Ib and Ic) and residual current from parallel line
(for mutual compensation) are input to AI module separately. Terminal 01, 03, 05 and 07 are
polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) for protection calculation and one synchronism voltage are
input to AI module. The synchronism voltage could be any phase-to-ground voltage or
phase-to-phase voltage.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
P2 S2 P2 S2
P1 S1 P1 S1
02 01 02 01
04 03 04 03
06 05 06 05
08 07 08 07
In order to accurately locate the fault for parallel lines arrangement, residual current from parallel
line is required to be connected to the device to eliminate the mutual effect between the parallel
lines. Otherwise, residual current from parallel line is not necessary.
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
Ia 01 Ian 02
NR1401
Ib 03 Ibn 04
Ic 05 Icn 06
IM0 07 IM0n 08
09 10
11 12
Ua 13 Uan 14
Ub 15 Ubn 16
Uc 17 Ucn 18
Us 19 Usn 20
21 22
23 24
For two circuit breakers configuration with two CT groups input, three phase currents
corresponding to CB1 and CB2 respectively (Ia1, Ib1, Ic1 and Ia2, Ib2, Ic2) are input to AI module.
Terminal 01, 03, 05, 07, 09 and 11 are polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT
installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) are input to AI module. UB1, UB2 and UL2 are the
synchronism voltage from bus VT and line VT used for synchrocheck, it could be any
phase-to-ground voltage or phase-to-phase voltage. The device can automatically switch
synchronism voltage according to auxiliary contact of CB position or DS position.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
P2 P1 P1 P2 A
S2 S1 S1 S2 C
02 01
04 03
06 05
08 07
10 09
12 11
A B C A B C
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Ia1 01 Ia1n 02
NR1401
Ib1 03 Ib1n 04
Ic1 05 Ic1n 06
Ia2 07 Ia2n 08
Ib2 09 Ib2n 10
Ic2 11 Ic2n 12
Ua 13 Uan 14
Ub 15 Ubn 16
Uc 17 Ucn 18
UB1 19 UB1n 20
UL2 21 UL2n 22
UB2 23 UB2n 24
For two circuit breakers configuration with two CT groups input, three phase currents
corresponding to CB1 and CB2 respectively (Ia1, Ib1, Ic1 and Ia2, Ib2, Ic2), and residual current
from parallel line (for mutual compensation) are input to AI module. Terminal 01, 03, 05, 07, 09, 11
and 13 are polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) for protection calculation and one synchronism voltage are
input to AI module. The synchronism voltage could be any phase-to-ground voltage or
phase-to-phase voltage.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
P2 P1 P1 P2 A
S2 S1 S1 S2 C
02 01
04 03
06 05
08 07
10 09
12 11
To parallel line
14 13
From parallel line
A B C A B C
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Ia1 01 Ia1n 02
NR1401
Ib1 03 Ib1n 04
Ic1 05 Ic1n 06
Ia2 07 Ia2n 08
Ib2 09 Ib2n 10
Ic2 11 Ic2n 12
IM0 13 IM0n 14
Ua 15 Uan 16
Ub 17 Ubn 18
Uc 19 Ucn 20
Us 21 Usn 22
23 24
NR1161
This device can be equipped with 2 DSP plug-in modules at most and 1 DSP plug-in module at
least. The default DSP plug-in module is necessary, which mainly is responsible for protection
function including fault detector and protection calculation.
The default module consists of high-performance double DSP (digital signal processor),16-digit
high-accuracy ADC that can perform synchronous sampling and manage other peripherals. One
of double DSP is responsible for protection calculation, and can fulfill analog data acquisition,
protection logic calculation and tripping output. The other is responsible for fault detector, and can
fulfill analog data acquisition, fault detector and providing power supply to output relay.
When the module is connected with conventional CT/VT, it can perform the synchronous data
acquisition through AI plug-in module. When the module is connected with ECT/EVT, it can
receive the real-time synchronous sampled value from merging unit through NET-DSP plug-in
module.
The other module is optional and it is not required unless control and manual closing with
synchronism check are equppied with this device. The default DSP plug-in module is fixed at slot
04 and the option DSP plug-in module is fixed at slot 06.
NR1136A NR1136C
RX
This module consists of high-performance DSP (digital signal processor), 2~8 100Mbit/s
optical-fibre interface (LC type) and selectable IRIG-B interface (ST type). It supports GOOSE and
SV by IEC 61850-9-2 protocols. It can receive and send GOOSE messages to intelligent control
device, and receive SV from MU (merging unit).
This module supports IEEE1588 network time protocol, E2E and P2P defined in IEEE1588
protocol can be selected.This module supports Ethernet IEEE802.3 time adjustment message
format, UDP time adjustment message format and GMRP.
TX TX TX TX
RX RX RX RX
TX TX
RX RX TX1 TX1
RX1 RX1
TX1
RX1
PCS-931 series can exchange information with the device at the remote end through a dedicated
optical fibre channel or multiplex channel. The module transmits and receives optical signal using
FC/PC or ST optical connector.
Note!
When using dedicated optical fibre channel, if the transmission distance is longer than
50km, the transmitted power may be enchanced to ensure received power larger than
receiving sensitivity. Please notify supplier before ordering and it will be considered as
special project using 1550nm laser diode.
When using multiplex channel, the sending power of the device is fixed.
When using channel multiplexing equipment, the parameters are shown as follows:
1. The routine of both direction shall be same to each other, so the time delays of both direction
are the same.
2. The maximum one-way channel propagation delay shall be less than 15 ms.
Each BI module is with a 22-pin connector for 11 binary inputs (NR1503) or 18 binary inputs
(NR1504).
For NR1503, each binary input has independent negative power input of opto-coupler, and can be
configurable. The terminal definition of the connector of BI plug-in module is described as below.
[BI_n] (n=01, 02,…,11 can be configured as a specified binary input by PCS-Explorer software.)
BI_01 01
NR1503 Opto01- 02
BI_02 03
Opto02- 04
BI_03 05
Opto03- 06
BI_04 07
Opto04- 08
BI_05 09
Opto05- 10
BI_06 11
Opto06- 12
BI_07 13
Opto07- 14
BI_08 15
Opto08- 16
BI_09 17
Opto09- 18
BI_10 19
Opto10- 20
BI_11 21
Opto11- 22
For NR1504, all binary inputs share one common negative power input, and is configurable. The
terminal definition of the connector of BI plug-in module is described as below. [BI_n] (n=01,
02,…,18 can be configured as a specified binary input by PCS-Explorer software.)
Opto+ 01
NR1504 BI_01 02
BI_02 03
BI_03 04
BI_04 05
BI_05 06
BI_06 07
08
BI_07 09
BI_08 10
BI_09 11
BI_10 12
BI_11 13
BI_12 14
15
BI_13 16
BI_14 17
BI_15 18
BI_16 19
BI_17 20
BI_18 21
COM- 22
First four binary signals (BI_01, BI_02, BI_03, BI_04) in first BI plug-in module are fixed, they are
[BI_TimeSyn], [BI_Print], [BI_Maintenance] and [BI_RstTarg] respectively.
It is used to receive clock synchronization signal from clock synchronization device, the binary
input [BI_TimeSyn] will change from “0” to “1” once pulse signal is received. When the device
adopts “Conventional” mode as clock synchronization mode (refer to section “Communication
Settings”), the device can receives PPM (pulse per minute) and PPS (pulse per second). If the
setting [Opt_TimeSyn] is set as other values, this binary input is invalid.
It is used to manually trigger printing latest report when the equipment is configured as manual
printing mode by logic setting [En_AutoPrint]=0. The printer button is located on the panel usually.
If the equipment is configured as automatic printing mode ([En_AutoPrint]=1), report will be printed
automatically as soon as it is formed.
It is used to block communication export when this binary input is energized. During device
maintenance or testing, this binary input is then energized not to send reports via communication
port, local display and printing still work as usual. This binary input should be de-energized when
the device is restored back to normal.
The application of the binary input [BI_Maintenance] for digital substation communication adopting
IEC61850 protocol is given as follows.
a) The protection device should send the state of this binary input to client.
b) When this binary input is energized, the bit “Test” of quality (Q) in the sent message
changes to “1”.
c) When this binary input is energized, the client cannot control the isolator link and circuit
d) According to the value of the bit “Test” of quality (Q) in the message sent, the client
discriminate whether this message is maintenance message, and then deal with it
correspondingly. If the message is the maintenance message, the content of the message
will not be displayed on real-time message window, audio alarm not issued, but the picture
is refreshed so as to ensure that the state of the picture is in step with the actual state. The
maintenance message will be stored, and can be inquired, in independent window.
a) When this binary input is energized, the bit “Test” in the GOOSE message sent by the
protection device changes to “1”.
b) For the receiving end of GOOSE message, it will compare the value of the bit “Test” in the
GOOSE message received by it with the state of its own binary input (i..e
[BI_Maintenance]), the message will be thought as invalid unless they are conformable.
a) When this binary input of merging unit is energized, the bit “Test” of quality (Q) of sampling
data in the SV message sent change “1”.
b) For the receiving end of SV message, if the value of bit “Test” of quality (Q) of sampling
data in the SV message received is “1”, the relevant protection functions will be disabled,
but under maintenance state, the protection device should calculate and display the
magnitude of sampling data.
c) For duplicated protection function configurations, all merging units of control module
configured to receive sampling should be also duplicated. Both dual protection devices
and dual merging units should be fully independent each other, and one of them is in
maintenance state will not affect the normal operation of the other.
It is used to reset latching signal relay and LCD displaying. The reset is done by pressing a button
on the panel.
Note!
The rated voltage of binary input is optional: 110V, 125V, 220V or 250V, which must be
specified when placed order. It is necessary to check whether the rated voltage of BI
module complies with site DC supply rating before put the relay in service.
There three binary signals are fixed for measurement functions, they are [BI_Rmt/Loc],
[BI_ManSynCls] and [BI_ManOpen] respectively.
“1”: the remote control, all the binary outputs can only be remotely controlled by SCADA or control
centers.
“0” the local control, each binary output can only be applied to open/close CB/DS/ES locally. Each
binary output can also be applied issue a signal locally.
When the device is under local control condition (i.e. [BI_Rmt/Loc] is de-energized), the manual
synchronism check for closing circuit breaker will be initiated if it is energized.
When the device is under local control condition (i.e. [BI_Rmt/Loc] is de-energized), the manual
control for open circuit breaker will be initiated if it is energized.
01
BO_01
NR1521A 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
01
BO_01
NR1521C 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
BO plug-in module (NR1521F) is dedicatedly for remote/manual open or closing to circuit breaker,
disconnector and earth switch. 5 pairs of binary outputs (one for open and the other for closing)
can be provided by this BO plug-in module configured in slot 15 if measurement and control
function is equipped with the device. Up to 10 pairs of binary outputs can be provided by two BO
plug-in modules that can be configured in slot 14 and 15 respectively. (BO plug-in module
configured in slot 14 is optional if open or closing contacts is not enough)
A normally open contact is presented via terminal 21-22 designated as ROS (i.e. remote operation
signal). Whenever any of binary output contacts for open or closing is closed, ROS contact will
close to issue a signal indicating that this device is undergoing a remote operation.
01
BO_CtrlOpn01
NR1521F 02
03
BO_CtrlCls01
04
05
BO_CtrlOpn02
06
07
BO_CtrlCls02
08
09
BO_CtrlOpn03
10
11
BO_CtrlCls03
12
13
BO_CtrlOpn04
14
15
BO_CtrlCls04
16
17
BO_CtrlOpn05
18
19
BO_CtrlCls05
20
21
BO_Ctrl
22
7 Settings
Table of Contents
7 Settings .............................................................................................. 7-a
7.1 Communication Settings ................................................................................ 7-1
7.1.1 Setting Description............................................................................................................... 7-2
List of Tables
Table 7.1-1 Communication settings ......................................................................................... 7-1
The device has some setting groups for protection to coordinate with the mode of power system
operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, communication settings, system
settings, device settings, logic link settings and measurement and control settings are common for
all protection setting groups.
Note!
All current settings in this chapter are secondary current converted from primary current by
CT ratio. Zero-sequence current or voltage setting is configured according to 3I0 or 3U0
and negative sequence current setting according to I2 or U2.
9 IP_LAN4 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
10 Mask_LAN4 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
11 En_LAN4 0 or 1
12 Gateway 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
13 En_Broadcast 0 or 1
14 Addr_RS485A 0~255
16 Protocol_RS485A 0, 1 or 2
17 Addr_RS485B 0~255
19 Protocol_RS485B 0, 1 or 2
20 Threshold_Measmt 0~100%
21 Period_Measmt 0~65535s
22 Format_Measmt 0, 1
23 Baud_Printer 4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200 (bps)
24 En_AutoPrint 0 or 1
IP address of Ethernet port 1, Ethernet port 2, Ethernet port 3 and Ethernet port 4
Subnet mask of Ethernet port 1, Ethernet port 2, Ethernet port 3 and Ethernet port 4
They are used for Ethernet communication based on the IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. When the IEC
61850 protocol is applied, the IP address of Ethernet A will be GOOSE source MAC address.
4. Gateway
5. En_Broadcast
This setting is only used only for IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. If NR network IEC 60870-5-103
protocol is used, the setting must be set as “1”.
6. Addr_RS485A, Addr_RS485B
They are the device′s communication address used to communicate with the SCADA or RTU via
serial ports (port A and port B).
7. Baud_RS485A, Baud_RS485B
8. Protocol_RS485A, Protocol_RS485B
1: Modbus Protocol
2: Reserved
Note!
Above table listed all the communication settings, the device delivered to the user maybe
only show some settings of them according to the communication interface configuration.
If only the Ethernet ports are applied, the settings about the serial ports (port A and port B)
are not listed in this submenu. And the settings about the Ethernet ports only listed in this
submenu according to the actual number of Ethernet ports.
The standard arrangement of the Ethernet port is two, at most four (predetermined when
ordering). Set the IP address according to actual arrangement of Ethernet numbers and
the un-useful port/ports need not be configured. If PCS-Explorer configuration tool
auxiliary software is connected with this device through the Ethernet, the IP address of
PCS-Explorer must be set as one of the available IP address of this device.
9. Threshold_Measmt
10. Period_Measmt
The time period for equipment sends measurement data to SCADA through IEC 60870-5-103
protocol.
11. Format_Measmt
The setting is used to select the format of measurement data sent to SCADA through IEC
60870-5-103 protocol.
1: GDD data type through IEC103 protocol is 7, i.e. 754 short real number of IEEE standard
12. Baud_Printer
13. En_AutoPrint
If automatic print is required for fault report after protection operating, it is set as “1”. Otherwise, it
should be set to “0”.
14. Opt_TimeSyn
There are four selections for clock synchronization of device shown as follow.
Conventional
PPS (RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level
PPM (DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn]
PPS (DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn]
SAS
Advanced
PPS (Fiber) PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via optical-fibre interface
NoTimeSync
When no time synchronization signal is connected to the device, please select this option and the
alarm message [Alm_TimeSyn] will not be issued anymore.
“Conventional” mode and “SAS” mode are always be supported by the device, but “Advanced”
mode is only supported when NET-DSP module is equipped. The alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]
may be issued to remind user loss of time synchronization signals.
1) When “SAS” is selected, if there is no conventional clock synchronization signal, the device
will not send the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]. When “Conventional” mode is selected, if there
is no conventional clock synchronization signal, “SAS” mode will be enabled automatically
with the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn] issued simultaneously.
3) When “NoTimeSyn” mode is selected, the device will not send alarm signals without time
synchronization signal. But the device can be still synchronized if receiving time
synchronization signal.
Note!
The clock message via IEC 60870-5-103 protocol is invalid when the device receives the
IRIG-B signal through RCS-485 port.
15. IP_Server_SNTP
It is the address of the SNTP time synchronization server which sends SNTP timing messages to
the relay or BCU.
16. IP_StandbyServer_SNTP
If the IEC61850 protocol is adopted in substations, the time tags of communication messages are
required according to UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) time.
The setting [OffsetHour_UTC] is used to set the hour offset of the current time zone to the GMT
(Greenwich Mean Time) zone; for example, if a relay is applied in China, the time zone of China is
east 8th time zone, so this setting is set as “8”. The setting [OffsetMinute_UTC] is used to set the
minute offset of the current time zone to the GMT zone.
st nd rd th th
Time zone GMT zone East 1 East 2 East 3 East 4 East 5
Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5
th th th th th
Time zone East 6 East 7 East 8 East 9 East 10 East 11th
Setting 6 7 8 9 10 11
th st nd rd th th
Time zone East/West 12 West 1 West 2 West 3 West 4 West 5
Setting 12/-12 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
th th th th th th
Time zone West 6 West 7 West 8 West 9 West 10 West 11
Setting -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11
18. Opt_Display_Status
This setting is used to set display mode of current and voltage in fault records, primary value or
secondary value. The sampled values of current and voltage are displayed as secondary value by
default. When it is set as primary value, both secondary voltage and secondary current are
converted into primary voltage and primary current according to rated secondary and primary
value of VT and CT respectively.
19. t_Dly_Net_DNP
The setting is used to set transmission time delay for transmitting multi-frame messages during
DNP process (the setting is valid only if network DNP3.0 protocol is configured)
20. Format_Setting_DNP
The setting is used to set settings uploading format during DNP process (this setting is valid only if
network or serial port DNP3.0 protocol is configured).
5 U2n 80~220 V
6 I1n 100~65500 A
7 I2n 1 or 5 A
8 f_High_FreqAlm 50~65 Hz
9 f_Low_FreqAlm 45~60 Hz
The number of active setting group, 10 setting groups can be configured for protection settings,
and only one is active at a time
2. PrimaryEquip_Name
It is recognized by the device automatically. Such setting is used for printing messages
3. Opt_SysFreq
4. Un1
5. Un2
6. In1
7. In2
8. f_High_FreqAlm
It is frequency upper limit setting.The device will issue an alarm [Alm_Freq], when system
frequency is higher than the setting.
9. f_Low_FreqAlm
It is frequency lower limit setting.The device will issue an alarm [Alm_Freq], when system
frequency is lower than the setting.
2. Opt_Caption_103
0: Current language
1: Fixed Chinese
2: Fixed English
Default value of [Opt_Caption_103] is 0 (i.e. current language), and please set it to 1 (i.e. Fixed
3. Bxx.Un_BinaryInput
This setting is used to set voltage level of binary input module. If low-voltage BI module is
equipped, 24V, 30V or 48V can be set according to the actual requirement, and if high-voltage BI
module is equipped, 110V, 125V or 220V can be set according to the actual requirement.
circuit failure
Each logic link settings is an “AND” condition of enabling the relevant function with the
corresponding binary input and logic setting. Through SAS or RTU, logic link settings can be set
as “1” or “0”; and it means that the relevant function can be in service or out of service through
remote command. It provides convenience for operation management.
The spare link settings are used for future application. It can be defined according to project
specification through the configuration tool, PCS-Explorer.
Thses settings are applied to configure the status change confirmation time for No.xx double point
binary inputs. Up to 10 virtual double point binary inputs are provided in this device.
If a double point binary input changes from normal status to invalid status, i.e.: double point error
occurs, [CSWIxx.t_DPU_DPS] will be applied as the debouncing time for No.xx double point
binary input.
No. Name Remark Range
Table of Contents
8 Human Machine Interface ............................................................... 8-a
8.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 8-1
8.1.1 Keypad Operation .............................................................................................................. 8-2
List of Figures
Figure 8.1-1 Front panel ............................................................................................................8-1
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel ..................................8-4
List of Tables
Table 8.1-1 Definition of the 8-core cable ................................................................................8-4
The operator can access the protective device from the front panel. Local communication with the
protective device is possible using a computer via a multiplex RJ45 port on the front panel.
Furthermore, remote communication is also possible using a PC with the substation automation
system via rear RS485 port or rear Ethernet port. The operator is able to check the protective
device status at any time.
This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), and give operator an instruction about
how to display or print event report, setting and so on through HMI menu tree and display metering
value, including r.m.s. current, voltage and frequency etc. through LCD. Procedures to change
active setting group or a settable parameter value through keypad is also described in details.
Note!
8.1 Overview
The human-machine interface consists of a human-machine interface (HMI) module which allows
a communication to be as simple as possible for the user. The HMI module helps to draw your
attention to something that has occurred which may activate a LED or a report displayed on the
LCD. Operator can locate the data of interest by navigating the keypad.
5
1 11
HEALTHY PCS-931
2 12
ALARM LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
3 13
4 14
GRP
5 15
6 16 ENT
ESC
7 17
8 18
9 19
1 3
10 20
4
2
ENT
ESC
1. “ESC”:
2. “ENT”:
3. “GRP”
Page up/down
HEALTHY
ALARM
Steady Green Lit when the equipment is in service and ready for operation.
Note!
“HEALTHY” LED can only be turned on by energizing the device and no abnormality
detected.
“ALARM” LED is turned on when abnormalities of device occurs like above mentioned
and can be turned off after abnormalities are removed except alarm report [CTS.Alm]
which can only be reset only when the failure is removed and the device is rebooted or
re-energized.
Other LED indicators with no labels are configurable and user can configure them to be lit
by signals of operation element, alarm element and binary output contact according to
requirement through PCS-Explorer software, but as drawn in figure, 2 LEDs are fixed as
the signals of “HEALTHY” (green) and “ALARM” (yellow), 18 LEDs are configurable with
selectable color among green, yellow and red.
as well as a twisted-pair ethernet port. As shown in the following figure, a customized cable is
applied for debugging via this multiplex RJ45 port.
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel
P1: To connect the multiplex RJ45 port. An 8-core cable is applied here.
The definition of the 8-core cable in the above figure is introduced in the following table.
The Ethernet port can be used to communication with PC via auxiliary software (PCS-Explorer)
after connecting the protection device with PC, so as to fulfill on-line function (please refer to the
instruction manual of PCS-Explorer). At first, the connection between the protection device and PC
must be established. Through setting the IP address and subnet mask of corresponding Ethernet
interface in the menu “Settings→Device Setup→Comm Settings”, it should be ensured that the
protection device and PC are in the same network segment. For example, setting the IP address
and subnet mask of network A. (using network A to connect with PC)
The IP address and subnet mask of protection device should be [IP_LAN1]= 198.87.96.XXX,
[Mask_LAN1]=255.255.255.0, [En_LAN1]=1. (XXX can be any value from 0 to 255 except 102)
If the logic setting [En_LAN1] is non-available, it means that network A is always enabled.
NR1102C
ETHERNET
Network A
Network B
SYN+
SYN-
SGND
GND
RTS
TXD
SGND
Note!
If using other Ethernet port, for example, Ethernet B, the logic setting [En_LAN2] must be
set as “1”.
Press “▲” to enter the main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
MainMenu
Language
Clock
Quick Menu
For the first powered device, there is no record in quick menu. Press “▲” to enter the main menu
with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Print
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
The descriptions about menu are based on the maximized configuration, for a specific project, if
some function is not available, the corresponding submenu will hidden.
Main Menu
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
Under main interface, press “▲” to enter main menu, and select submenu by pressing “▲”, “▼”
and “ENT”. The command menu adopts a tree shaped content structure. The above diagram
provides the integral structure and all main menus (first-level menus) under menu tree of the
device.
Main Menu
Measurements
Measurements1
Measurements2
Measurements3
This menu is used to display real-time measured values, including AC voltage, AC current, phase
angle and calculated quantities. These data can help users to acquaint the device′s status. This
menu comprises following submenus. Please refer to section “Measurement” about the detailed
measured values.
8.2.3.2 Status
Main Menu
Status
Inputs
Outputs
Superv State
This menu is used to display real time input signals, output signals and alarm signals of the device.
These data can help users to acquaint the device′s status. This menu comprises following
submenus. Please respectively refer to section “Signal List” about the detailed introduction of input
signals and output signals, and section “Supervision Alarms” about the detailed introduction of
alarm signals.
Main Menu
Status
Inputs
Contact Inputs
GOOSE Inputs
Prot Ch Inputs
1 Contact Inputs Display states of binary inputs derived from opto-isolated channels
3 Prot Ch Inputs Display states of binary inputs received from protection channel.
Main Menu
Status
Outputs
Contact Outputs
GOOSE Outputs
Interlock Status
Prot Ch Outputs
Main Menu
Status
Superv State
Prot Superv
FD Superv
GOOSE Superv
SV Superv
1 Prot Superv Display states of self-supervision signals from protection calculation DSP
8.2.3.3 Records
Main Menu
Records
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Device Logs
Control Logs
Clear Records
This menu is used to display all kinds of records, including the disturbance records, supervision
events, binary events and device logs, so that the operator can load to view and use as the
reference of analyzing accidents and repairing the device. All records are stored in non-volatile
memory, it can still record them even if it loses its power.
8.2.3.4 Settings
Main Menu
Settings
System Settings
Prot Settings
BCU Settings
Logic Links
Device Setup
This menu is used to check the device setup, system parameters, protection settings and logic
links settings, as well as modifying any of the above setting items. Moreover, it can also execute
the setting copy between different setting groups.
Check or modify the logic links settings, including function links, SV links,
4 Logic Links
GOOSE links and spare links
Main Menu
Settings
Prot Settings
Line Settings
FD Settings
AuxE Settings
Direction Settings
DiffP Settings
LoadEnch Settings
ROC Settings
SOTF Settings
OC Settings
VTF OC Settings
BRC Settings
RevPower Settings
BFP Settings
Deadzone Settings
OV Settings
UV Settings
ThOvld Settings
PD Settings
Stub Settings
FreqProt Settings
MiscProt Settings
VTS/CTS Settings
AR/Syn Settings
Copy Settings
9 Mho Dist Settings Check or modify distance protection with mho characteristic settings
10 Quad Dist Settings Check or modify distance protection with Quad characteristic settings
12 SOTF Settings Check or modify SOTF distance and overcurrent protection settings
14 VTF OC Settings Check or modify overcurrent protection settings for VT circuit failure
26 VTS/CTS Settings Check or modify VT circuit supervision and CT circuit supervision settings
Main Menu
Settings
BCU Settings
Syn Settings
BI Settings
Control Settings
Interlock Settings
Main Menu
Settings
Logic Links
Function Links
GOOSE Links
SV Links
Spare Links
4 Spare Links Check or modify spare links settings (used for programmable logic)
Main Menu
Settings
Logic Links
GOOSE Links
Main Menu
Settings
Device Setup
Device Settings
Comm Settings
Label Settings
3 Label Settings Check or modify the label settings of each protection element.
8.2.3.5 Print
Main Menu
Device Info
Settings
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Prot Ch Superv
Prot Ch Statistics
Device Status
Waveforms
IEC103 Info
Cancel Print
This menu is used to print device description, settings, all kinds of records, waveforms, information
related with IEC60870-5-103 protocol, channel state and channel statistic.
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel, which is formed A.M.
7 Prot Ch Statistics
9:00 every day
Print the current state of the device, including the sampled value of
8 Device Status
voltage and current, the state of binary inputs, setting and so on
Main Menu
Settings
System Settings
Prot Settings
BCU Settings
Logic Links
Device Setup
All Settings
Main Menu
Settings
Prot Settings
Line Settings
FD Settings
AuxE Settings
Direction Settings
DiffP Settings
LoadEnch Settings
ROC Settings
SOTF Settings
OC Settings
VTF OC Settings
BRC Settings
RevPower Settings
BFP Settings
Deadzone Settings
OV Settings
UV Settings
ThOvld Settings
PD Settings
Stub Settings
FreqProt Settings
MiscProt Settings
VTS/CTS Settings
AR/Syn Settings
All Settings
9 Mho Dist Settings Print distance protection with mho characteristic settings
10 Quad Dist Settings Print distance protection with Quad characteristic settings
Main Menu
Settings
BCU Settings
Syn Settings
BI Settings
Control Settings
Interlock Settings
All Settings
Main Menu
Settings
Logic Links
Function Links
GOOSE Links
SV Links
Spare Links
All Settings
4 Spare Links Print spare links settings (used for programmable logic)
Main Menu
Settings
Logic Links
GOOSE Links
Main Menu
Settings
Device Setup
Device Settings
Comm Settings
Label Settings
All Settings
Main Menu
Prot Ch Superv
Channel 1
Channel 2
Print the self-check information of optical fibre channel 1, which is made of some
1 Channel 1
hexadecimal characters and used to developer analyze channel state
Print the self-check information of optical fibre channel 2, which is made of some
2 Channel 2
hexadecimal characters and used to developer analyze channel state
Main Menu
Prot Ch Statistics
Channel 1
Channel 2
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel 1, which is formed A.M. 9:00 every
1 Channel 1
day
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel 2, which is formed A.M. 9:00 every
2 Channel 2
day
Main Menu
Waveforms
Wave
Main Menu
Local Cmd
Reset Target
Trig Oscillograph
Control
Download
Clear Counter
Clear AR Counter
This menu is used to reset the tripping relay with latch, indicator LED, LCD display, and as same
as the reset function of binary inputs. This menu provides a method of manually recording the
current waveform data of the device under normal condition for printing and uploading SAS.
Besides, it can send out the request of program download, clear statistic information about
GOOSE, SV, AR, FO channel and energy.
1 Reset Target Reset the local signal, indicator LED, LCD display and so on
7 Clear Energy Counter Clear all energy metering values (i.e., PHr+_Pri, PHr-_Pri, Qr+_Pri,
QHr-_Pri)
8.2.3.7 Information
Main Menu
Information
Version Info
Board Info
In this menu, LCD can display software information of all kinds of intelligent plug-in modules,
which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and management sequence
number. Besides, plug-in module information can also be viewed.
Display software information of DSP module, MON module and HMI module,
1 Version Info which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and
management sequence number.
2 Board Info Monitor the current working state of each intelligent module.
8.2.3.8 Test
Main Menu
Test
Prot Ch Counter
SV Comm Counter
Device Test
AR Counter
This menu is mainly used for developers to debug the program and for engineers to maintain the
device. It can be used to fulfill the communication test function. It is also used to generate all kinds
of reports or events to transmit to the SAS without any external input, so as to debug the
communication on site. Besides, it can also display statistic information about GOOSE, SV, AR
and FO channel.
Main Menu
Test
Prot Ch Counter
Ch1 Counter
Ch2 Counter
Main Menu
Test
Device Test
Disturb Events
Superv Events
IO Events
View the relevant information about disturbance records (only used for
1 Disturb Events
debugging persons)
View the relevant information about supervision events (only used for
2 Superv Events
debugging persons)
View the relevant information about binary events (only used for debugging
3 IO Events
persons)
Users can respectively execute the test automatically or manually by selecting commands “All
Test” or “Select Test”.
Main Menu
Test
Device Test
Disturb Events
All Test
Select Test
Main Menu
Test
Device Test
Superv Events
All Test
Select Test
Main Menu
Test
Device Test
IO Events
All Test
Select Test
8.2.3.9 Clock
The current time of internal clock can be viewed here. The time is displayed in the form
YY-MM-DD and hh:mm:ss. All values are presented with digits and can be modified.
8.2.3.10 Language
The device can display single line diagram (SLD) and primary operation information, it can support
wiring configuration function. LCD configuration file can be downloaded via the network. Remote
control operation through single line diagram is also supported.
Under normal condition, LCD will display the following interface. LCD adopts white color as its
backlight that is activated if once there is any keyboard operation, moreover, the backlight will be
extinguished automatically if no keyboard operation is detected for a duration.
S 2010-06-08 10:10:00
Ia 0.00A
Ib 0.00A
Ic 0.00A
3I0 0.00A
Ua 0.02V
Ub 0.00V
Uc 0.00V
3U0 0.02V
U_Syn 0.00V
f 50.00Hz
The content displayed on the screen contains: the current date and time of the device (with a
format of yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:), the active setting group number, three-phase current sampling
value, residual current sampling value, three-phase voltage sampling value, residual voltage
sampling value, the synchronism voltage sampling value, line frequency and the address relevant
to IP address of Ethernet A. If all the sampling values of the voltage and the current can’t be fully
displayed within one screen, they will be scrolling-displayed automatically from the top to the
bottom.
If the device has detected any abnormal state, it′ll display the self-check alarm information.
“S” indicates that device clock is synchronized. If “S” disappears, it means that device clock is not
synchronized.
For the situation that the disturbance records and the supervision events coexist, the upper half
part is the disturbance record, and the lower half part is the supervision event. The following items
are listed in the upper half part: record No., record name, generation time of the disturbance
record. If there is protection element operation, faulty phase and relative operation time (with
reference to the corresponding fault detector element) will be displayed. If the disturbance records
can not be displayed in one page, they will be displayed in several pages alternately.
If there is no supervision event, disturbance records will be displayed as shown in the following
figure.
0000ms FD.DPFC.Pkp
0024ms AB 21Q.Z1.Op
If the device has the supervision event, the display interface will show the disturbance record and
the supervision event at the same time.
0000ms FD.DPFC.Pkp
0024ms AB 21Q.Z1.Op
Superv Events
Alm_Device
2013-01-15 13:22:23:669 shows the time of the disturbance record, the format is
“yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:fff”.
0000ms FD.DPFC.Pkp shows fault detector element and its operation time (set as
“0000ms” fixedly).
0024ms AB 21Q.Z1.Op shows operation element and its relative operation time (with
reference to the corresponding fault detector element).
All the protection elements have been listed in chapter “Operation Theory”, and please refer to
each protection element for details. The reports related to oscillography function are showed in the
following table.
S Superv Events
Alm_Device
Alm_Version
Alm_Version
BI_Maintenance 0 1
2013-01-15 13:31:23:669 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
“yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:fff”.
BI_Maintenance 0→1 shows the state change of binary input, including binary input
name, original state and final state.
Device Logs NO. 4 shows the title and the number of the device log
2008-11-28 10:18:47:569 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
year–month-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond
It will be displayed on LCD before disturbance records and supervision events are confirmed. Only
pressing both “ENT” and “ESC” at the same time can switch among disturbance records,
supervision events and the normal running state of the device to display it. IO events will be
displayed for 5s and then it will return to the previous display interface automatically.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Measurements” menu, and then press
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most);
6. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Measurements” menu);
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Status” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu item, and then press
the key “ENT” to enter the submenu.
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most).
5. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select pervious or next command menu.
6. Press the key “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Status” menu).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Records” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Records” menu);
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Print” menu, and then press the “ENT” or
“►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
Selecting the “Disturb Records”, and then press the “+” or “-” to select pervious
or next record. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing... ”,
and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”). If the printer
doesn’t complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and the LCD will
display “Printer Busy…”. Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Print”).
Selecting the command menu “Superv Events” or “IO Events”, and then press the
key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor. Press the “+” or “-” to select the starting and
ending numbers of printing message. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD will
display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Print”). Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”).
4. If selecting the command menu “Device Info”, “Device Status“ or “IEC103 Info”, press
the key “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start printing..”, and then automatically exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Print”).
5. If selecting the “Settings”, press the key “ENT” or “►” to enter the next level of menu.
6. After entering the submenu “Settings”, press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor, and
then press the key “ENT” to print the corresponding default value. If selecting any item to
printing:
Press the key “+” or “-” to select the setting group to be printed. After pressing the key
“ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Settings”). Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Settings”).
7. After entering the submenu “Waveforms”, press the “+” or “-” to select the waveform
item to be printed and press ”ENT” to enter. If there is no any waveform data, the LCD will
display “No Waveform Data!” (Before executing the command menu “Waveforms”, it is
necessary to execute the command menu “Trig Oscillograph” in the menu “Local Cmd”,
otherwise the LCD will display “No Waveform Data!”). With waveform data existing:
Press the key “+” or “-” to select pervious or next record. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD
will display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Waveforms”). If the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and
the LCD will display “Printer Busy…”. Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Waveforms”).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings”).
Note!
If the displayed information exceeds 14 lines, the scroll bar will appear on the right side of
the LCD to indicate the quantity of all displayed information of the command menu and the
relative location of information where the current cursor points at.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings” );
8. If selecting the command menu “System Settings”, move the cursor to the setting item
to be modified, and then press the “ENT”;
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value (if the modified value is of multi-bit, press the “◄” or “►”
to move the cursor to the digit bit, and then press the “+” or “-” to modify the value), press the
“ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the displayed interface of the command menu
“System Settings”. Press the “ENT” to automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed
interface of the command menu “System Settings”).
Move the cursor to continue modifying other setting items. After all setting values are modified,
press the “◄”, “►” or “ESC”, and the LCD will display “Save or Not?”. Directly press the “ESC” or
press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select the “Cancel”, and then press the “ENT” to
automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command menu “System
Settings”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select “No” and press the “ENT”, all modified setting item
will restore to its original value, exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to select “Yes”, and then press the “ENT”, the LCD will
display password input interface.
Password:
____
Input a 4-bit password (“+”, “◄”, “▲” and “-”). If the password is incorrect, continue inputting it,
and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the displayed interface
of the command menu “System Settings”. If the password is correct, LCD will display “Save
Setting Now…”, and then exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command
menu “System Settings”), with all modified setting items as modified values.
Note!
For different setting items, their displayed interfaces are different but their modification
methods are the same. The following is ditto.
9. If selecting the submenu “Prot Settings”, and press “ENT” to enter. After selecting
different command menu, the LCD will display the following interface: (take “FD
Settings” as an example)
Line Settings
Active Group: 01
Selected Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value, and then press the “ENT” to enter it. Move the cursor to
the setting item to be modified, press the “ENT” to enter.
Take the setting [FD.DPFC.I_Set] as an example is selected to modify, then press the “ENT” to
enter and the LCD will display the following interface. is shown the “+” or “-” to modify the value
and then press the “ENT” to confirm.
FD.DPFC.I_Set
Note!
After modifying protection settings in current active setting group or system parameters of
the device, the “HEALTHY” LED indicator the device will be lit off, and the MON module
will check the new settings. If the abnormality is detected during the setting check,
corresponding alarm signals will be issued. Moreover, if the critical error is detected, the
device will be blocked.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Copy Settings”, and
then press the “ENT” to enter the menu.
Copy Settings
Active Group: 01
Copy To Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value. Press the “ESC”, and return to the menu “Settings”.
Press the “ENT”, the LCD will display the interface for password input, if the password is incorrect,
continue inputting it, press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the menu
“Settings”. If the password is correct, the LCD will display “copy setting OK!”, and exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Settings”).
Active Group: 01
Change To Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value, and then press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the main menu). After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will display the password input interface. If the
password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input
interface and return to its original state. If the password is correct, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp
of the protection device will go out, and the protection device will re-check the protection setting. If
the check doesn’t pass, the protection device will be blocked. If the check is successful, the LCD
will return to its original state.
2. Press the “+”, “-”, “+”, “-” and “ENT”; Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the original state). Press the “ENT” to carry out the deletion.
Note!
The operation of deleting device message will delete all messages saved by the protection
device, including disturbance records, supervision events, binary events, but not including
device logs. Furthermore, the message is irrecoverable after deletion, so the application of
the function shall be cautious.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Local Cmd”, and
then press the key “ENT” to enter submenus. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the
cursor to the command menu “Control”, and then press the key “ENT” to enter and the
following display will be shown on LCD.
Password:
000
Input a 3-bit password (“111”). If the password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the
“ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the displayed interface of the command
menu “Control”. If the password is correct, it will go to the following step.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the control object and press the key
“ENT” to select control object.
Control
Step1: select Control Object
1. CSWI01
2. CSWI02
3. CSWI03
4. CSWI04
5. CSWI05
6. CSWI06
7. CSWI07
8. CSWI08
9. CSWI09
10. CSWI10
4. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select control command press the key “ENT” to the next step.
3) Stop: Reserved
CSWI01
Step2: select Control Command
InterlockChk InterlockNotChk
Result
5. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select synchronism check mode and press the key “ENT” to
the next step.
4) LoopCheck: Reserved
CSWI01
Step3: select Execution Condition
InterlockChk InterlockNotChk
Result
6. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select interlock mode and press the key “ENT” to next step.
CSWI01
Step4: select Interlock Condition
InterlockChk InterLockNotChk
Result
7. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select control type and press the key “ENT”.
As shown in the following figure, operation results will be shown after “Result” at the bottom of the
LCD.
CSWI01
Step5: select Control Type
InterlockChk InterLockNotChk
Result
Note!
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Clock” menu, and then press the “ENT”
to enter clock display
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the date or time to be modified;
4. Press the “+” or “-” to modify value, and then press the “ENT” to save the modification
and return to the main menu;
5. Press the “ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the main menu.
Clock
Year: 2008
Month: 11
Day: 28
Hour: 20
Minute: 59
Second: 14
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Information” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Board Info”, and then
press the “ENT” to enter the menu;
5. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Information” menu).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Information” menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the submenu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Version Info”, and
then press the key “ENT” to display the software version.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Test” menu, and then press the key
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the submenu “Device Test”, and then
press the key “ENT” to enter the submenu,to select test item. If “Disturb Events”
“Superv Events” or “IO Events” is selected, two options “All Test” and “Select Test” are
provided.
4. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to select the corresponding command menu
“All Test” or “Select Test”. If selecting the “All Test”, press the “ENT”, and the device will
successively carry out all operation element message test one by one.
5. If “Select Test” is selected, press the key “ENT”. Press the “+” or “-” to page up/down,
and then press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the scroll bar. Move the cursor to select the
corresponding protection element. Press the key “ENT” to execute the communication
test of this protection element, the substation automatic system (SAS) will receive the
corresponding message.
Note!
If no input operation is carried out within 60s, exit the communication transmission and
return to the “Test” menu, at this moment, the LCD will display “Communication Test
Timeout and Exiting...”.
Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Test”, at this moment, the LCD will
display “Communication Test Exiting…”.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Language”, and
then press the key “ENT” to enter the menu and the following display will be shown on
LCD.
1 中文
2 English
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the language user preferred and press
the key “ENT” to execute language switching. After language switching is finished, LCD
will return to the menu “Language”, and the display language is changed. Otherwise,
press the key “ESC” to cancel language switching and return to the menu “Language”.
Note!
LCD interface provided in this chapter is only a reference and available for explaining
specific definition of LCD. The displayed interface of the actual device may be some
different from it, so you shall be subject to the actual protection device.
9 Configurable Function
Table of Contents
9 Configurable Function ...................................................................... 9-a
9.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 9-1
9.2 Introduction on PCS-Explorer Software ........................................................ 9-1
9.3 Signal List ........................................................................................................ 9-1
9.3.1 Input Signal .......................................................................................................................... 9-2
List of Tables
Table 9.3-1 Input signals ............................................................................................................. 9-2
9.1 Overview
After function configuration is finished, disabled protection function will be hidden in the device and
in setting configuration list of PCS-Explorer Software. The user can select to show or hide some
setting by this way, and modify the setting value.
Please refer to the instruction manual “PCS-Explorer Auxiliary Software” for details.
Overall functions:
If an input signal or output signal is gray in PCS-Explorer, it means that the input signal or output
163 CSWIxx.CILO.EnCls It is the interlock status of No.xx closing output of BO module (xx=01~10)
From receiving a closing command, this device will continuously check
whether the 2 voltages (Incoming voltage and reference voltage) involved in
synchronism check(or dead check) can meet the criteria.
164 Sig_Ok_Chk Within the duration of [MCBrd.25.t_Wait_Chk], if the synchronism check(or
dead check) criteria are not met, [Sig_Ok_Chk] will be set as “0”; if the
synchronism check(or dead check) criteria are met, [Sig_Ok_Chk] will be set
as “1”.
It is used to select the local control to No.xx controlled object (CB/DS/ES).
165 CSWIxx.LocCtrl When the local control is active, No.xx binary outputs can only be locally
controlled.
It is used to select the remote control to No.xx controlled object (CB/DS/ES).
166 CSWIxx.RmtCtrl When the remote control is active, No.xx binary outputs can only be remotely
controlled by SCADA or control centers.
It is used to disable the interlock blocking function for control output. If the
167 CSWIxx.CILO.Disable signal “CSWIxx.CILO.Disable” is “1”, No.xx binary outputs of the device will
not be blocked by interlock conditions.
It is used to select the remote control to controlled object (CB/DS/ES). When
168 BIinput.RmtCtrl the remote control is active, all binary outputs can only be remotely controlled
by SCADA or control centers.
It is used to select the local control to controlled object (CB/DS/ES). When the
169 BIinput.LocCtrl
local control is active, all binary outputs can only be locally controlled.
It is used to disable the interlock blocking function for control output. If the
170 BIinput.CILO.Disable signal “BIinput.CILO.Disable” is “1”, all binary outputs of this device will not be
blocked by interlock conditions.
When the condition of local control is met and the signal
171 CSWI01.ManSynCls “CSWI01.ManSynCls” is “1”, the output contact [BO_CtrlCls01] is closed to
execute manually closing the circuit breaker with synschrochcek.
When the condition of local control is met and the signal “CSWI01.ManOpn” is
172 CSWI01.ManOpn “1”, the output contact [BO_CtrlOpn01] is closed to execute manually open the
circuit breaker.
253 BIinput.CILO.Disable be gained. If some binary output need not be controlled by three
signals, please cancle the configuration by PCS-Explorer, and
configure it independently.
Faulty phase selection
254 PhSA Phase-A is selected as faulty phase
255 PhSB Phase-B is selected as faulty phase
256 PhSC Phase-C is selected as faulty phase
257 GndFlt Earth fault
10 Communication
Table of Contents
10 Communication ............................................................................ 10-a
10.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Rear Communication Port Information ..................................................... 10-1
10.2.1 RS-485 Interface ............................................................................................................ 10-1
List of Figures
Figure 10.2-1 EIA RS-485 bus connection arrangements.....................................................10-2
Figure 10.4-1 Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the RCB block instance .........................10-8
Figure 10.4-2 Dual-net hot-standby mode sharing the same RCB instance .......................10-9
Figure 10.4-3 Dual-net full duplex mode with 2 independent RCB instances ..................10-10
10.1 Overview
This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR Relays. The protective device
supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or Ethernet),
selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective device is
indicated in the menu “Settings→Device Setup→Comm Settings”.
The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be “daisy chained” together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.
It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.
The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the product’s connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.
The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120Ω (Ohm) ½ Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 10.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so if it is located at the bus terminus then an external termination resistor will be required.
EIA RS-485
Master 120 Ohm
120 Ohm
The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device is directly connected to the physical cable that
is the communications bus. Stubs and tees are expressly forbidden, such as star topologies. Loop
bus topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden by it also.
Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length must
not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end, normally
at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially when the
cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.
This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the product’s chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.
10.2.1.4 Biasing
It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state because the bus is not being actively driven. This can occur when
all the slaves are in receive mode and the master is slow to turn from receive mode to transmit
mode. This may be because the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a high
impedance state, until it has something to transmit. Jabber causes the receiving device(s) to miss
the first bits of the first character in the packet, which results in the slave rejecting the message
and consequentially not responding. Symptoms of these are poor response times (due to retries),
increasing message error counters, erratic communications, and even a complete failure to
communicate.
Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V. There
should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point.
The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Note that some
devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias, in which case external components will
not be required.
Note!
It is extremely important that the 120Ω termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so will
result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.
As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NR cannot assume responsibility for
any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a result of incorrect
application of this voltage.
Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic inputs)
as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.
It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A picture
is shown bellow.
Each equipment is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a
star structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is
also connected to the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so the every equipment
which has been connected to the exchanger will play a role of slave unit.
SCADA
Switch: Net A
Switch: Net B
……
To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings to the protective
device must be configured.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface with the
protective device as the slave device. It is properly developed by NR.
Initialization (reset)
Time synchronization
General interrogation
General commands
Disturbance records
The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.
10.3.2 Initialization
Whenever the protective device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have
been changed, a reset command is required to initialize the communications. The protective
device will respond to either of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference
is that the Reset CU will clear any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.
The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.
If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input then it will not be possible to
set the protective device time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. An attempt to set the time via
the interface will cause the protective device to create an event with the current date and time
taken from the IRIG-B synchronized internal clock.
All spontaneous events can be gained by printing, implementing submenu “IEC103 Info” in the
menu “Print”.
that will be returned during the GI cycle. The GI cycle strictly abides by the rules defined in the
IEC60870-5-103.
Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.
All general classification service group numbers can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“IEC103 Info” in the menu “Print”.
The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.
All channel numbers (ACC) of disturbance data can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“IEC103 Info” in the menu “Print”.
10.4.1 Overview
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of years of work by electric utilities and vendors of electronic
equipment to produce standardized communications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards
describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, substation design and configuration,
testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:
IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models
IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Principles and models
IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)
IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Common data classes
IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Compatible logical node classes and data classes
IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link
IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3
These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.
1. MMS protocol
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. IEC 61850-7-2 abstract services and objects are mapped to actual MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.
2. Client/server
This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and
communication activity is controlled by the client. IEC61850 clients are often substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation equipment such
as protection relays, meters, RTUs, transformer, tap changers, or bay controllers.
3. Peer-to-peer
A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe IED configurations and
communication systems according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7. Each configured device has
an IED Capability Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description (CID) file. The
substation single line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The
entire substation configuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The
SCD file is the combination of the individual ICD files and the SSD file, moreover, add
communication system parameters (MMS, GOOSE, control block, SV control block) and the
connection relationship of GOOSE and SV to SCD file.
Client-server mode is adopted: clients (SCADA, control center and etc.) communicate with the
IEDs via MMS communication network, and the IEDs operate as the servers. IEDs are connected
to clients passively, and they can interact with the clients according to the configuration and the
issued command of the clients.
Three modes for dual-MMS Ethernet (abbreviated as dual-net) are provided as below.
Note!
Hereinafter, the normal operation status of net means the physical link and TCP link are
both ok. The abnormal operation status of net means physical link or TCP link is broken.
10.4.3.1 Dual-net Full Duplex Mode Sharing the Same RCB Instance
Client Client
Figure 10.4-1 Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the RCB block instance
Net A and Net B share the same report control block (abbreviated as RCB) enabled by the client.
IED sends undifferentiated date through dual-net to the clients. If one net is physically
disconnected, the flag of RCB instance (i.e.: “RptEna” in above figure) is still “true”. Only when
both Net A and Net B are disconnected, the flag of the RCB instance will automatically change to
“false”.
In normal operation status of this mode, IED provides the same MMS service for Net A and Net B.
If one net is physically disconnected (i.e.: “Abnormal operation status” in above figure), the
working mode will switch to single-net mode seamlessly and immediately. Network communication
supervision is unnecessary here, and Buffered Report Control Block (abbreviated as BRCB) need
not to be used. On the other net, date alternation works normally. Therefore, MMS service can
interact normally without interruption. This mode ensures no data loss during one net is in
abnormal operation status.
In this mode, one report will be transmitted twice via dual nets for the same report instance, so the
client needs to distinguish whether two reports are same according to corresponding EntryIDs.
Client Client
Figure 10.4-2 Dual-net hot-standby mode sharing the same RCB instance
In this mode, the MMS service is provided on main MMS link, no MMS service interacts on the
standby MMS link. The definitions of two links are as follows:
Main MMS Link: Physically connected, TCP level connected, MMS report service available.
Standby MMS Link: Physically connected, TCP level connected, MMS report service not
available.
If the main net fails to operate (i.e.: “Abnormal operation status” in the above figure), the IED will
set “RptEna” to “false”. Meanwhile the client will detect the failure by heartbeat message or
“keep-alive”, it will automatically enable the RCB instance by setting “RptEna” back to “true”
through standby MMS link. By the buffer function of BRCB, the IED can provide uninterrupted
MMS service on the standby net. However, the differences of BRCB standards among different
manufacturers may cause data loss. Moreover, if duration of net switch is too long, the data loss is
positively as the capacity of BRCB’s buffer function is limited.
Note!
The first mode and second mode, Net A IED host address and Net B IED host address
must be the same.
For example, if the subnet mask is “255.255.0.0”, network prefix of Net A is “198.120.0.0”,
network prefix of Net B is “198.121.0.0”, Net A IP address of the IED is “198.120.1.2”, and
then Net B IP address of the IED must be configured as “198.121.1.2”, i.e., Net A IED host
address =1x256+2=258, Net B IED host address =1x256+2=258, Net A IED host address
equals to Net B IED host address.
Client Client
Figure 10.4-3 Dual-net full duplex mode with 2 independent RCB instances
In this mode, IED provides 2 report instances for each RCB, Net A and Net B work independently
from each other, failures of any net will not affect the other net at all. Tow report instances are
required for each client. Therefore, the IED may be unable to provide enough report instances if
there are too many clients.
Net A and Net B send the same report separately when they operates normally, To ensure no
repeated data is saved into database, massive calculation is required for the client.
Moreover, accurate clock synchronization of the IED is required to distinguish whether 2 reports
are the same report according to the timestamps. Clock synchronization error of the IED may lead
to report loss/redundancy.
As a conclusion, for the second mode, it’s difficult to realize seamless switchover between dual
nets, however, for the third mode, the IED may be unable to provide enough report instances if too
many clients are applied on site. Considering client treatment and IED implementation, the first
mode (Dual-net full duplex mode sharing the same report instance) is recommended for MMS
communication network deployment.
Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one or more
logical device(s), and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD
contains information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains common
information about the IED logical device.
The GGIO logical node is available in the PCS-900 series relays to provide access to digital status
points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality flags.
The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital status
points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital status
values from the PCS-900 series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered reporting
features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI display
screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability
reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are transmitted
to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control block
(BRCB) is defined in LLN0.
Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the else in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from a IED current/voltage “source”. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2 provides
data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog data objects
are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the corresponding
unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical nodes provide the
following data for each source:
MMXU.MX.Hz: frequency
The following list describes the protection elements for PCS-931 series relays. The specified relay
will contain a subset of protection elements from this list.
PTUC: Undercurrent
PTOC: Phase overcurrent, zero-sequence overcurrent and overcurrent when VT circuit failure
PTUV: Undervoltage
PTOF: Overfrequency
PTUF: Underfrequency
RSYN: Synchronism-check
The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags “PTRC.ST.Str.general”. The operate flag for PTOC1 is “PTOC1.ST.Op.general”. For
PCS-931 series relays protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for
the corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is
reported via BRCB, and BRCB also locates in LLN0.
Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings, system settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED
will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
PCS-900 series relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:
MMXU: This LN shall be used to acquire values from CTs and VTs and calculate measurands
such as r.m.s. values for current and voltage or power flows out of the acquired voltage and
current samples. These values are normally used for operational purposes such as power
flow supervision and management, screen displays, state estimation, etc. The requested
accuracy for these functions has to be provided.
LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the “operate” outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common “trip” to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or
alternatively, any combination of “operate” outputs of protection functions may be combined to
a new “operate” of PTRC.
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers the fault wave recorder and its output refers
to the “IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System”
(IEC 60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording, independently of the
trigger mode.
IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks locate in LLN0, they can be configured
to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes), binary status
values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and MSQI). The
reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via an
IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.
- Bit 1: Data-change
- Bit 4: Integrity
- Bit 1: Sequence-number
- Bit 2: Report-time-stamp
- Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion
- Bit 4: Data-set-name
- Bit 5: Data-reference
- Bit 8: Conf-revision
- Bit 9: Segmentation
MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a PCS-900 series relay.
10.4.5.3 Timestamps
The Universal Time Coordinated(UTC for short) timestamp associated with all IEC61850 data
items represents the lastest change time of either the value or quality flags of the data item.
IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:
Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.
IEC61850 specifies the type of broadcast data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also function as servers. Each GOOSE
publisher contains a “GOOSE control block” to configure and control the transmission.
The GOOSE transmission (including subscribing and publishing) is controlled by GOOSE logic link
settings in device.
The PCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE)
communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset. It is this
dataset that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset is
configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for
implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between PCS-900 series relays.
IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be
correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the
transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.
Where:
C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared
O: Optional
M: Mandatory
Where:
C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared
C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared
C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared
C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared
M: Mandatory
The PCS-931 series relays support IEC61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table.
Note that the actual instantiation of each logical node is determined by the product order code.
PTUC: Undercurrent -
CILO: Interlocking -
IARC: Archiving -
MMTR: Metering -
ZBAT: Battery -
ZBSH: Bushing -
ZCON: Converter -
ZGEN: Generator -
ZMOT: Motor -
ZREA: Reactor -
10.5.1 Overview
The descriptions given here are intended to accompany this relay. The DNP3.0 protocol is not
described here; please refer to the DNP3.0 protocol standard for the details about the DNP3.0
implementation. This manual only specifies which objects, variations and qualifiers are supported
in this relay, and also specifies what data is available from this relay via DNP3.0.
The relay operates as a DNP3.0 slave and supports subset level 2 of the protocol, plus some of
the features from level 3. The DNP3.0 communication uses the Ethernet ports at the rear side of
this relay. The Ethernet ports are optional: electrical or optical.
1. Supported qualifiers
The protection operation signals, alarm signals and binary input state change signals are
transported respectively according to the variation sequence in above table.
Object 2, SOE
If the master qualifier is “0x07”, the slave responsive qualifier is “0x27”; and if the master
qualifier is “0x01”, “0x06” or “0x08”, the slave responsive qualifier is “0x28”.
The measurement values are transported firstly, and then the measurement values are
transported.
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the Class 0 data request and the variation is “0x01”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 1”, “Object 30” and “Object 40” (see
“Supported objects and variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the Class 1 data request and the variation is “0x02”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 2” (see “Supported objects and
variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the multiple object request and the variation is “0x01”,
“0x02”, “0x03” and “0x04”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 1”, “Object 2”, “Object 30” and “Object
40” (see “Supported objects and variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The function code 0x03 and 0x04 are supported in this relay. The function code 0x03 is for the
remote control with selection; and the function code 0x04 is for the remote control with execution.
The selection operation must be executed before the execution operation, and the single point
control object can be supported to this relay.
11 Installation
Table of Contents
11 Installation .................................................................................... 11-a
11.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2 Safety Information ........................................................................................ 11-1
11.3 Checking Shipment ...................................................................................... 11-2
11.4 Material and Tools Required........................................................................ 11-2
11.5 Device Location and Ambient Conditions.................................................. 11-2
11.6 Mechanical Installation ................................................................................ 11-3
11.7 Electrical Installation and Wiring ................................................................ 11-4
11.7.1 Grounding Guidelines .................................................................................................... 11-4
List of Figures
Figure 11.6-1 Dimensions and panel cut-out of PCS-931 ..................................................... 11-3
Figure 11.6-2 Demonstration of plugging a board into its corresponding slot .................. 11-4
Figure 11.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables ................................... 11-7
11.1 Overview
The device must be shipped, stored and installed with the greatest care.
Choose the place of installation such that the communication interface and the controls on the
front of the device are easily accessible.
Air must circulate freely around the equipment. Observe all the requirements regarding place of
installation and ambient conditions given in this instruction manual.
Take care that the external wiring is properly brought into the equipment and terminated correctly
and pay special attention to grounding. Strictly observe the corresponding guidelines contained in
this section.
In certain cases, the settings have to be configured according to the demands of the engineering
configuration after replacement. It is therefore assumed that the personnel who replace modules
and units are familiar with the use of the operator program on the service PC.
DANGER!
Only insert or withdraw the PWR module while the power supply is switched off. To this end,
disconnect the power supply cable that connects with the PWR module.
WARNING!
Only insert or withdraw other modules while the power supply is switched off.
WARNING!
The modules may only be inserted in the slots designated in Section 6.2. Components can
be damaged or destroyed by inserting boards in the wrong slots.
DANGER!
Improper handling of the equipment can cause damage or an incorrect response of the
equipment itself or the primary plant.
WARNING!
Industry packs and ribbon cables may only be replaced or the positions of jumpers be
changed on a workbench appropriately designed for working on electronic equipment. The
modules, bus backplanes are sensitive to electrostatic discharge when not in the unit's
housing.
Should boards have to be removed from this relay installed in a grounded cubicle in an HV
switchgear installation, please discharge yourself by touching station ground (the cubicle)
beforehand.
Only hold electronic boards at the edges, taking care not to touch the components.
Only works on boards that have been removed from the cubicle on a workbench designed for
electronic equipment and wear a grounded wristband. Do not wear a grounded wristband,
however, while inserting or withdrawing units.
Always store and ship the electronic boards in their original packing. Place electronic parts in
electrostatic screened packing materials.
Visually inspect all the material when unpacking it. When there is evidence of transport damage,
lodge a claim immediately in writing with the last carrier and notify the nearest NR Company or
agent.
If the equipment is not going to be installed immediately, store all the parts in their original packing
in a clean dry place at a moderate temperature. The humidity at a maximum temperature and the
permissible storage temperature range in dry air are listed in Chapter “Technical Data”.
A suitable drill and spanners are required to secure the cubicles to the floor using the plugs
provided (if this relay is mounted in cubicles).
There should also be free access at the rear of the equipment for additions and replacement of
electronic boards.
Since every piece of technical equipment can be damaged or destroyed by inadmissible ambient
conditions, such as:
1. The location should not be exposed to excessive air pollution (dust, aggressive substances).
2. Severe vibration, extreme changes of temperature, high levels of humidity, surge voltages of
high amplitude and short rise time and strong induced magnetic fields should be avoided as
far as possible.
The equipment can in principle be mounted in any attitude, but it is normally mounted vertically
(visibility of markings).
WARNING!
Excessively high temperature can appreciably reduce the operating life of this relay.
Note!
It is necessary to leave enough space top and bottom of the cut-out in the cubicle for heat
emission of this relay.
The safety instructions must be abided by when installing the boards, please see Section 11.2 for
the details.
Following figure shows the installation way of a module being plugged into a corresponding slot.
In the case of equipment supplied in cubicles, place the cubicles on the foundations that have
been prepared. Take care while doing so not to jam or otherwise damage any of the cables that
have already been installed. Secure the cubicles to the foundations.
On the other hand, electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of
other apparatus.
In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed
with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.
Note!
All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.
Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.
Note!
If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts of it
forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission of
interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced interference.
Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (see Figure 11.7-1).
The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.
Note!
For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials according
to the electrochemical code.
The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding strip
(braided copper).
Door or hinged
equipment frame
Cubicle ground
rail close to floor
Braided
copper strip
Station
ground
Conducting
connection
There are some ground terminals on some connectors of this relay, and the sign is “GND”. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (see Figure 11.7-2) is the only ground terminal of this device.
The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round copper
conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.
Proper terminations must be fitted to both ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting
them firmly to the items to be connected.
The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.
Press/pinch fit
cable terminal
Braided
copper strip Terminal bolt
Contact surface
Power supply, binary inputs & outputs: brained copper cable, 1.0mm2 ~ 2.5mm2
The following figure shows the glancing demo about the wiring for the electrical cables.
01 02
03 04
Tighten 05 06
07 08
09 10
11 12
01
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Figure 11.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to
be opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a
dangerously high voltage.
12 Commissioning
Table of Contents
12 Commissioning ............................................................................ 12-a
12.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 Safety Instructions ...................................................................................... 12-1
12.3 Commission Tools ...................................................................................... 12-2
12.4 Setting Familiarization ................................................................................ 12-2
12.5 Product Checks ........................................................................................... 12-3
12.5.1 With the Relay De-energized ......................................................................................... 12-3
12.1 Overview
This relay is fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and non-protection
functions in software. The relay employs a high degree of self-checking and in the unlikely event of
a failure, will give an alarm. As a result of this, the commissioning test does not need to be as
extensive as with non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.
To commission numerical relays, it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is functioning
correctly and the application-specific software settings have been applied to the relay.
Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided at the end of this manual for
completion as required.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the
safety and technical data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label.
WARNING!
WARNING!
Only the qualified personnel shall work on and around this equipment after becoming
thoroughly familiar with all warnings and safety notices of this manual as well as with the
applicable safety regulations.
The earthing screw of the device must be connected solidly to the protective earth conductor
before any other electrical connection is made.
Hazardous voltages can be present on all circuits and components connected to the supply
voltage or to the measuring and test quantities.
Hazardous voltages can be present in the device even after disconnection of the supply
voltage (storage capacitors!)
The limit values stated in the Chapter “Technical Data” must not be exceeded at all, not even
during testing and commissioning.
When testing the device with secondary test equipment, make sure that no other
measurement quantities are connected. Take also into consideration that the trip circuits and
maybe also close commands to the circuit breakers and other primary switches are
disconnected from the device unless expressly stated.
DANGER!
Current transformer secondary circuits must have been short-circuited before the current
leads to the device are disconnected.
WARNING!
Primary test may only be carried out by qualified personnel, who are familiar with the
commissioning of protection system, the operation of the plant and safety rules and
regulations (switching, earthing, etc.).
Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set with interval timer.
Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0~440V and 0~250V
respectively.
Note!
Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.
Optional equipment:
An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a DC output not exceeding 500V (for
insulation resistance test when required).
A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be
tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).
EIA RS-485 to EIA RS-232 converter (if EIA RS-485 IEC60870-5-103 port is being tested).
With the front cover in place all keys are accessible. All menu cells can be read. The LED
indicators and alarms can be reset. Protection or configuration settings can be changed, or fault
and event records cleared. However, menu cells will require the appropriate password to be
entered before changes can be made.
These product checks cover all aspects of the relay which should be checked to ensure that it has
not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is functioning correctly and all input quantity
measurements are within the stated tolerances.
If the application-specific settings have been applied to the relay prior to commissioning, it is
advisable to make a copy of the settings so as to allow them restoration later. This could be done
by extracting the settings from the relay itself via printer or manually creating a setting record.
The following tests are necessary to ensure the normal operation of the equipment before it is first
put into service.
Hardware tests
These tests are performed for the following hardware to ensure that there is no hardware
defect. Defects of hardware circuits other than the following can be detected by
self-monitoring when the DC power is supplied.
Function tests
These tests are performed for the following functions that are fully software-based. Tests of
the protection schemes and fault locator require a dynamic test set.
Timers test
Conjunctive tests
The tests are performed after the relay is connected with the primary equipment and other
external equipment.
On load test.
After unpacking the product, check for any damage to the relay case. If there is any damage, the
internal module might also have been affected, contact the vendor. The following items listed is
necessary.
Protection panel
Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts inside to
see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.
The rated information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is correct
for the particular installation.
Panel wiring
Check the conducting wire which is used in the panel to assure that their cross section
meeting the requirement.
Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.
Label
Check all the isolator binary inputs, terminal blocks, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.
Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.
Earthing cable
Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.
Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator binary inputs and push buttons
work normally and smoothly.
Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for them to be
done and they have not been performed during installation.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the isolation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, The circuits need to be tested should include:
DC power supply
Output contacts
Communication ports
Test method:
To unplug all the terminals sockets of this relay, and do the Insulation resistance test for each
circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection.
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram and scheme diagram.
Ensure as far as practical that phasing/phase rotation appears to be as expected.
Check the wiring against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the
customer’s normal practice.
The relay only can be operated under the auxiliary power supply depending on the relay’s nominal
power supply rating.
The incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Chapter “Technical Data”,
before energizing the relay, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it within the operating range.
Other requirements to the auxiliary power supply are specified in Chapter “Technical Data”. See
this section for further details about the parameters of the power supply.
WARNING!
Energize this relay only if the power supply is within the specified operating ranges in
Chapter “Technical Data”.
The current and voltage transformer connections must remain isolated from the relay for these
checks. The trip circuit should also remain isolated to prevent accidental operation of the
associated circuit breaker.
Connect the relay to DC power supply correctly and turn the relay on. Check program version and
forming time displayed in command menu to ensure that are corresponding to what ordered.
If the time and date is not being maintained by substation automation system, the date and time
should be set manually.
Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using menu item “Clock”.
In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, with a battery fitted on CPU board, the time and date will
be maintained. Therefore when the auxiliary supply is restored the time and date will be correct
and not need to set again.
To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30s. After being
re-energized, the time and date should be correct.
On power up, the green LED “HEALTHY” should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that
the relay is healthy.
The relay has latched signal relays which remember the state of the trip, auto-reclose when the
relay was last energized from an auxiliary supply. Therefore these indicators may also illuminate
when the auxiliary supply is applied. If any of these LEDs are on then they should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LED successfully reset, the LED goes out. There is no testing
required for that that LED because it is known to be operational.
It is likely that alarms related to voltage transformer supervision will not reset at this stage.
Apply the rated DC power supply and check that the “HEALTHY” LED is lighting in green. We
need to emphasize that the “HEALTHY” LED is always lighting in operation course except that the
equipment find serious errors in it.
Produce one of the abnormal conditions listed in Chapter “Supervision”, the “ALARM” LED will
light in yellow. When abnormal condition reset, the “ALARM” LED extinguishes.
This test verified that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated current to each current transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is 2.5% or 0.02In. However, an additional allowance
must be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
Note!
The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental
operation of the associated circuit breaker.
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ia
Three-phase current 1 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current 2 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current 3 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current …… Ib
Ic
This test verified that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated voltage to each voltage transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the relay is 2.5% or 0.1V. However an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
Note!
The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental
operation of the associated circuit breaker.
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ua
Three-phase voltage 1 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage 2 Ub
Uc
Three-phase voltage 3 Ua
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage…… Ub
Uc
This test checks that all the binary inputs on the equipment are functioning correctly.
The binary inputs should be energized one at a time, see external connection diagrams for
terminal numbers.
Ensure that the voltage applied on the binary input must be within the operating range.
The status of each binary input can be viewed using relay menu. Sign “1” denotes an energized
input and sign “0” denotes a de-energized input.
3) Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start
Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.
However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
tenderization of the plant being protected.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. Confirm current and voltage
transformer wiring.
After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.
Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LED’s has been reset before leaving the protection.
13 Maintenance
Table of Contents
13 Maintenance ................................................................................. 13-a
13.1 Appearance Check ...................................................................................... 13-1
13.2 Failure Tracing And Repair ......................................................................... 13-1
13.3 Replace Failed Modules ............................................................................. 13-1
13.4 Cleaning ....................................................................................................... 13-3
13.5 Storage ......................................................................................................... 13-3
NR numerical relay PCS-931 is designed to require no special maintenance. All measurement and
signal processing circuit are fully solid state. All input modules are also fully solid state. The output
relays are hermetically sealed.
Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the output
relays, hardware and software defects are automatically detected and reported. The
self-monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a corrective
rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks in short intervals are
not required.
Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected. If a problem
is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides alarm messages.
2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the primary
system is live when withdrawing an AC module. Never try to insert or withdraw the relay board
when it is unnecessary.
3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.
When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the “Superv Events” screen on the LCD.
Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.
Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, CPU, SIG, BI, BO,
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, the CPU module replaced
should have the same software version. In addition, the AI and PWR module replaced should have
the same ratings.
The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu “Version Info”.
Caution!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
1) Replacing a module
Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs
Warning!
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.
Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.
After replacing the CPU module, input the application-specific setting values again.
Warning!
Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.
Warning!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
Danger!
After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.
13.4 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning. Use a smooth cloth to clean
the front panel. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.
13.5 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-1 the storage temperature should be from -40oC to +70oC, but the temperature of from 0oC
to +40oC is recommended for long-term storage.
Table of Contents
14 Decommissioning and Disposal................................................. 14-a
14.1 Decommissioning ....................................................................................... 14-1
14.2 Disposal ....................................................................................................... 14-1
14.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off
To switch off the PCS-931, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply.
2. Disconnecting Cables
Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the PWR module of the
PCS-931, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply is
switched off.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.
3. Dismantling
The PCS-931 rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles may
also be removed.
Danger!
When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.
14.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.
Note!
Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.