100 Questions

References Marked for review
1. A project manager is preparing two documents for risk management. One contains sources of
overall project risk and also summary information on individual risks. The second describes
individual risks identified. What name should the project manager give to the first document?
Risk register
Risk report
Risk management plan
Requirements traceability matrix

2. A company has to make a choice between two projects, because the available resources in
money and kind are not sufficient to run both at the same time. Each project would take 9
months and would cost $250,000.
1. The first project is a process optimization which would result in a cost reduction of
$120,000 per year. This benefit would be achieved immediately after the end of the
project.
2. The second project would be the development of a new product which could produce the
following net profits after the end of the project:
1. year: $ 15,000
2. year: $ 125,000
3. year: $ 220,000
Assumed is a discount rate of 5% per year. Looking at the present values of the benefits of these
projects in the first 3 years, what is true for their monetary attractiveness?
Both projects are equally attractive.
One cannot say based on the numbers.
The second project is more attractive.
The first project is more attractive.

3. A production process has been defined as part of an industrial equipment manufacturing project.
The process is intended to produce steel bolts with a length of 20 cm. The control limits are
19.955cm and 20.045cm.
The measurements made at the end of the process yielded the following results:
20.033cm, 19.982cm, 19,995cm, 20.056cm, 19.970cm, 19.968cm, 19.963cm, 19.958cm,

19.962cm, 19.979cm, 19.929cm.
What should be done?

The process is under control. It should not be adjusted.
The process should be improved.
The control limits should be adjusted.
The measuring equipment should be recalibrated.

4. Your project management team includes two external consultants each from a different
company. You found that repeated conflicts between the two consultants already slow down
project progress and jeopardize achievement of objectives.Which stage of team development
can be difficult to overcome in such a situation?
Storming from Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing
Panic from Enthusiasm, Panic, Hope, Solution
Kickoff from Assignment, Kickoff, Training, Communicating
Frustration from Direction, Frustration, Cooperation, Collaboration

5. During a project, earned value analysis is performed, resulting in the following numbers:
EV: 523,000; PV: 623,000; AC: 643,000.
Which results are correct?

CV: +120,000; SV: +100,000
CV: +100,000; SV: +120,000
CV: -100,000; SV: -120,000
CV: -120,000; SV: -100,000

6. A project manager spent some days to create a multi-page document, which he called project
charter. The document should have been issued by the project sponsor. The sponsor found the
document outsized and asked for a condensed document.
Which of the following is usually not an element of the project charter and can therefore
removed from the document?
The authority level of the project manager
Detailed control account and work package descriptions
The business need that the project was undertaken to address
High-level risks
7. A document called ____________ is created by decomposing the project scope into smaller,
more manageable elements.
Scope Statement
Network Logic Diagram
Work Breakdown Structure
Requested Change

8. A project management team decided to develop a risk management plan. What would be an
appropriate occasion to create it?
A specific planning meeting
During a documentation review
When data precision is ranked
After selection of diagramming techniques

9. In order to speed up a project, you made a decision to fast-track a phase currently performed
with five team members, and another one which was planned to begin in four weeks time with
another five team members.
Which of the following activities should you do first?

Make sure that all exit criteria of the consecutive phase have been met to ensure the flow of
communications in a team situation which is more complex by a factor of 2.
Make sure that all entry criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and
performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical aptness.
Make sure that all exit criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and
performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical performance.
Restructure your team and delegate tasks in order to ensure the effective flow of
communications in a combined team that requires increased coordination efforts.

10. A project manager has been asked to support an internal project request by developing a
business case.
What kind of information is the person expected to provide in the document?

The detailed information from a business standpoint to determine whether bidding for the
customer project will be successful.
The detailed information from a project management standpoint to determine whether the
project will be successful.
The detailed information from a technical standpoint to determine whether the project will
be successful.
The necessary information from a business standpoint to determine whether the project is
worth the investment.

11. You found the following earned value analysis information for a project that was recently
closed-out:SPI = 0.7, CPI = 1.0
The project has been cancelled while it was executed. At that time the project was behind
schedule and on budget.
The project's deliverables have all been finished. The project came in behind schedule but
on budget.
The project's deliverables have all been finished. The project came in ahead of schedule
but on budget.
The project's deliverables have all been finished. The project came in on schedule but over
budget.

12. Which should be included in a requirements management plan?
The document should trace requirements to project scope / WBS deliverables.
It should describe how requirements activities will be planned, tracked, and reported.
It should trace high-level requirements to more detailed requirements.
It should trace requirements to business needs, opportunities, goals, and objectives.

13. In a traditionally drawn decision tree, a circle represents ___________.
a chance to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off of a
number of options can not be shown.
a decision to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that the pay-off can be
shown ignoring uncertainties.
a chance to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the average
pay-off of two or more options.
a decision to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most
likely pay-off of consequential uncertainties.

14. A project management team has subcontracted work to a service company. Which of the
following tools is the best choice to assure that the contractor will adhere to the customer's
policies, processes and procedures and will be able to meet the quality requirements of the
project?
Quality audit
Deliverable inspection
Fixed price contract
Service level agreement

15. With your team you are using judgment from subject matter experts early during initiation to
discuss perceived project risks. There is a number of experts from different disciplines
available. You want to create a conversational setting to allow them to discuss their different
views on the project and its risks.
Which of the following techniques can ensure best that the different perceptions and opinions
are contributing to the expert discussion?
Peer review
SWOT analysis
Focus group
Monetary value calculation

16. You are managing a project for a customer based on a cost-reimbursable target cost contract
with the following terms:
Target costs: $ 1,000,000
Fixed fee: $ 100,000
Benefit/cost sharing: 80% / 20%
Price ceiling: $ 1,200,000
Which is the PTA (= point of total assumption, break point) of the project?
$1,300,000
$1,500,000
$80,000
$1,125,000

17. During execution of a project which is performed for a customer on a T&M (time and material)
contract base, a new project manager is taking over the assignment.
She discovers that two members assigned to the project have charged time without performing
any work for the project customer. Upon further investigation, she determines that this occurred
because there have been no other project assignments open for these employees and that her
company wanted to keep their time billed to a customer. The customer is unaware of these
facts.
What should the project manager do?

Try to find some productive work for these staff members in the project and leave them on
the team.
The best thing is to do nothing. The customer will not realize the problem anyway.
Try to find a responsible person for the over-assignment who can be made accountable.
Take the two people off the team immediately and arrange for the refund of the excess
charges to the customer.

18. Start dates in the following network logic diagram are defined as early morning, finish dates are
evening.
If tasks are scheduled to begin at early start date, what is true?
Activity B has a free float of 10 d.

Activity B has a total float of 10 d.
Activity A has a free float of 10 d.
Activity A has a total float of 10 d.

19. Your project is executed with a globally spread virtual team. The project progress has been
found to be too slow. Which measure is most likely to immediately help team members act as a
team and speed up the project?
Technical training for all team members
Daily phone conferences and detailed reporting
A team meeting at a location convenient to all team members
Collocation of team members at a suitable place
20. A project management team wants to procure customized products which can be specified
easily and are available in identical grade and quality from several vendors.
The procurement documents will probably have to support what main intention?
Describing the needs of the project in sufficient detail to enable vendors to make suitable
proposals based on each one's specific strengths
Specifying attributes of the requested deliverables in detail to get identical bids from
vendors and allow selection using the "Least cost method".
Helping to clarify the approved project scope statement and giving guidelines to break it
down into the WBS and the WBS dictionary of the project
Developing the risk management plan and the risk reports from those risk management
reviews which have been made so far eith the vendors

21. Which of the following becomes increasingly important in a virtual team environment?
Requirements engineering
Communication planning
Formal procurements closure

Network diagramming

22. You are assigned as the project manager to a project which is executed for a customer under FP
contract. Your customer informed you this morning that they insist on certain "refinements" of
the project scope. They consider them clearly part of the contractual price and require
implementation without extra costs or delays.You agree that the requested actions will be
beneficial to the project, but believe that they constitute a major change increasing the project
scope. What should you do next?
Accept the request of the customer. Diligently document the additional costs and working
hours spent by yourself and the team on the implementation of the change and invoice
these to the customer at appropriate rates.
Perform earned value analysis to assess the current status of the project and get all the
numbers you need to communicate the case to the change control board which then will
have to make the best decision regarding the customer request.
Check the contract, the project charter, the scope statement and other documents related to
the project and the legal relationship. Implement ADR (alternative dispute resolution)
procedures if the conflict cannot be resolved otherwise.
Talk to the project sales department and find a joint solution with them how to best reject
the request considering the commercial and strategic value of the customer to the
organization you are working for.
23. A prime contractor in a customer project under CPFF contract has run into unexpected
technical problems through no fault of their own. Fixing these problems will require a lot of
additional work to be done. The company made a decision to book more staff and equipment
from their subcontractors in order to increase productivity and adhere to the agreed timeline.
The overhead work for the project is reimbursed by the customer with the fixed fee and will
remain unchanged. The customer agreed to this decision. What will most likely happen?
The contractor‘s indirect costs will increase and the customer‘s payment for them will
increase, too.
The contractor‘s indirect costs will increase, but the customer‘s payment for them will not
increase.
The contractor‘s indirect costs will not increase, but the customer‘s payment for them will.
Both the contractor's indirect costs and the customer‘s payment for them will not increase.

24. A project management team is evaluating the causes that might contribute to unsatisfactory
performance and quality. They are discussing the influence of common causes (also called
random causes) and special causes.Which of the following statements should they use as a
guidance to identify the types of causes of the problems found?
Special causes are generally easier to predict and cope with than common causes.
Normal process variation is attributable to common causes that are part of the system.
Common causes are unusual, fleeting events, which are difficult to foresee and often
produce outliers.
Processes can not be optimized to limit the bandwidth of variations due to common causes.

25. The Project Management Office (PMO) of your company is performing a project management
audit in your company and find that most of the various plans in the project are neither
consistent nor up-to-date.
Which of the following statements is true?

Projects should never be executed without a valid, updated and working project
management plan.
The consistency of the various plans is secondary because it is only the results that matter.
The alternatives to systematic planning are reactive management, crisis management,
conflict management, and fire fighting..
Poor planning and insufficient updating of project management plans are rather uncommon
as reasons for cost and time overruns.

26. Together with your project management team in a project to build a state-of-the-art power
station, you want to perform active risk acceptance in your project.What should you do?
Create contingency reserves in resources, money and time.
Develop a plan to minimize impact in case that an identified risk occurs.
Develop a plan to minimize the probability of occurrence for identified risks.
Make additional resources available to speed up the project.

27. A project manager made 3-point estimates on a critical path along a sequence of activities A
through E and found the following results:
Assuming ±3 sigma precision level for each estimate, what is the calculated standard deviation
of the allover path?
App. 4.2 days
App. 5.2 days
App. 6.2 days
You can not derive the path standard deviation from the information given.

28. When do bidder conferences normally take place?
After the contract has been awarded to keep alternatives open.
After submission of bid or proposal, but before contract award.
Prior to the submission of a bid or proposal by the bidder.
After technical meetings with bidders to discuss contract requirements.

29. What is defined by control limits?
A measuring instrument solely used to describe process capability. The process is found
capable if the ±3 sigma range is exceeded by not more than 0.3% of a
tested sample lot.
The limits of the six sigma area on either side of a control chart to plot measured values;
data found outside the area are out of specification and can lead to rejection of an entire
batch.
The area on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in
statistical quality control. Plots outside the area signal possible process instability.
The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of
a control chart to plot measured values found in quality assurance

30. The scope baseline is used to ídentify variance on the scope during the project. It consists of
what?
Scope statement, WBS with work packages and planning packages, WBS dictionary
Cost baseline, quality baseline and schedule baseline
Configuration management plan and configuration identification document
Procurement statement of work and project scope statement

31. Activity 1 has a duration of 20 days, activity 2 of 10 days, activity 3 of 5 days and activity 4 of
6 days.
What is the minimum total duration between the milestones A and B?

36 days
37 days
39 days
42 days

32. Which tools and techniques are used in the processes Create WBS and Define activities?
Nominal group technique
Human resource assignment
Brainstorming
Expert judgement and decomposition

33. What kind of behavior do project managers refrain from?
a. Theft, embezzlement
b. Fraud
c. Corruption
d. Bribery
e. a
a, b, c, d
b, c, d
b, c

34. Which of the following statements is not true?
Attribute sampling is the process of assessing whether results conform to specifications or
not.
Prevention means keeping errors out of the process by applying actions before the process
starts changing its input.
Variables sampling means that the result is classified into one of the 3
categories:"acceptable" - "acceptable after rework" - "rejected".
Inspection is often mainly done to keep errors out of the hands of the customer as an
activity of process control.

35. Which statement describes best why you should document assumptions?
Assumptions might prove to be wrong. Knowing which assumptions were incorrect allows
baseline adjustments in case of project crisis.
Assumptions recorded in the assumptions log may help identify individual project risks
during risk identification.
Assumptions limit the project management team's options for decision making because
they can not be controlled by the team.
In case of schedule or budget overruns, the documentation of assumptions supports a clear
assignment of responsibility.

36. Which is normally not regarded as an element of cost of quality?
Prevention costs
Maintenance cost
Appraisal costs
Failure costs

37. You have recently been assigned as a project manager to a new B-O-T (build, operate, transfer)
capital project. Your company will invest in public infrastructure today, then make profit from
operating the infrastructure over 30 years, after which it is handed over to the
government.Reviewing the initial documentation you found out that the business case has been
calculated with a very small margin during operations of the infrastructure. What should you
do?
As you are not responsible for lifecycle costing, you don't have to worry about operation
profits. Focus on project costs from initiation through handover.
Ensure maximum profits by buying the best and cheapest items, components and
modules―potentially from a big number of different suppliers―and integrating them,
while ignoring their effect on operation costs.
Create a realistic plan broken down to a sufficient level of detail. Perform all risk
management processes. Ensure real-time communications with all relevant stakeholders.
Develop a plan to immediately leave the company, when the first signs occur that it may
not survive the questionnable business case and go insolvent.

38. A project is managed by departments of an organization and expedited by a project coordinator.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
The performing organization is a weak matrix.
The performing organization is doing "management by projects".
The performing organization is a strong matrix.
The performing organization is projectized.

39. You are project manager in a global project with a team consisting of people from various
countries. What can you try to prevent misunderstandings due to cross-cultural differences?
Use all communication methods available that are suitable for the team and follow up in
writing when communicating verbally. Remember that cultural and individual diversity
may help project teams solving unforeseen problems during the course of the project.
When you are about to form a team for your project, keep in mind that some cultures are
developed, others are more primitive. Some have values, some not. You should
consequently avoid choosing members from countries with cultures that are not similar to
your own.
Cultural dilemmas can prevent any project from being successful. They should therefore be
smoothed or suppressed so as to make sure that they cannot disrupt project work. Your
effort should concentrate on communication that can help reach that goal.
As norms regarding communication habits differ significantly across various cultures,
communicating between people from different countries should only be done using written
or verbal language. The nonverbal dimension simply bears too many risks.

40. Which statement on conflicts is true?
Conflict resolution should focus on people, not issues.
A project manager should resolve conflicts in a timely and constructive manner.
Conflict should always be resolved in private and not in the team.
Too much openness to stakeholders is a common cause of conflict.

41. A change request in a project has been rejected some weeks ago. Yesterday, the project
manager found out that it nevertheless has been implemented by team members, who had
originally requested the change and therefore knew of it, but not of the rejection.
In order to avoid such a situation, rejected change requests should be consistently

communicated to stakeholders through which process?
Report performance
Verify scope
Perform integrated change control
Monitor and control risks

42. What is a trigger in project risk management?
An expected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur
A warning sign that a previously identified risk might be occurring or has occurred
An unexpected situation causing an identified risk to occur
An unexpected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur

43. According to the project plan, a contractor is scheduled to deliver some software components
today afternoon. A regular monthly payment is due to be made to this contractor tomorrow.
You and your project team received a note this morning informing you that the software
delivery will be delayed by 2 weeks.
What should you do right now?

You should delay the payment also for 2 weeks.
You must immediately find and change to a different contractor.
You should consult with the contractor to understand and possibly resolve the delivery
issues. This may influence further payments.
You should make the payment and reschedule the project incorporating the delay.

44. In a software company a large number of simultaneously performed projects utilize the same
groups of human and other resources from a corporate resource directory.
What is the term commonly used for the resources inside the directory?
Unassigned staff
Project team
Resource pool
Program team

45. What does the acronym RACI commonly stand for in project management?
Responsible, Accountable, to be Consulted, to be Informed
Remote, Attached, Connected, Integrated
Risk Analysis and Caution Initiative
Randomly Accessible Cashflow Information

46. You have used estimates made by your team members and applied the critical path method to
compute a network logic diagram for your project. Then you found out that it cannot be
sufficiently optimized for scarce resources and fast progress towards a given deadline. What
should you do next?
Apply resource leveling and smoothing heuristics to uncritical activities only.
Reduce estimates on duration and work efforts by an adequate percentage.
Search for opportunities to compress the schedule without jeopardizing the project.
Remove physical ánd legal constraints and replace hard logic with soft logic.

47. Liquidated damages (LDs) are contractually agreed payments in order to...
...give the contractor an incentive to meet an aggressive schedule or challenging quality
objectives.
...penalize the contractor for late completion of a project or failure to meet specifications.
...cover the customer's costs caused by late completion or failure to meet specifications by
the contractor.
...make a bid or proposal binding for the offerer while the customer has time to select
among various bidders.

48. Together with your team, you are writing a risk management plan. In the team, discussions are
occurring what should be covered by the plan and what not.Finally, the team found out that
_______ should NOT be covered by a risk management plan?
Roles and responsibilities for managing project risks
Timing of project risk management processes and activities
The methodological approach used for risk management
Individual risks and potential responses to them

49. You are assigned as the project manager to a project which had a one-time cost variance in the
past caused by unexpected rework which has meanwhile been finished. You expect future costs
of the project as was originally plannedYou perform earned value analysis and get the
following results:
EV: 250,000; PV: 200,000; AC 275,000
BAC is 500,000.
What is right?
EAC = 550,000
EAC = 525,000
EAC = 500,000
EAC = 425,000

50. An estimation has been made for a construction project that the construction of a residential
home will cost a certain amount per square foot of living area.This is an example of what type
of estimating?
Analogous estimating
Bottom-up estimating
Top-down estimating
Parametric estimating

51. What is true for prototypes?
Prototyping causes significant costs and should be avoided wherever possible.
They are tangible and allow for early feedback on requirements by stakeholders.
Prototypes are mostly developed toward the end of a design or build phase.
Prototypes increase the risk of misunderstandings between developers and users.

52. Constructive changes are a common source for conflicts between customers and contractors in
projects under contract. What is a constructive change?
A change request that helps improving the project and its product, service, or result and
could be generally discussed in a friendly style.
A direction by the buyer or an action taken by the seller that either party may post hoc
consider an undocumented change.
A field change or ad-hoc change mandated by the project customer in a public construction
project.
A change request which will lead to the re-construction of an older version of the project
performance baseline by the contractor.

53. Which of the following is generally not regarded to be a motivator according to Frederick
Herzberg?
Working conditions and interpersonal relations
Responsibility for enlarged task
Interest in the task
Recognition for achievement
54. What is true for modern project management? Project managers need...
... to have a strict standing in negotiating
... to show experience in tricking business partners
... to be team players and facilitators instead of "bosses"
... to be strongly linked to local traditions

55. You are the project manager in an engineering project and have recently signed a contract with
a software vendor for the development of a complicated control solution as a contractor of your
project.The software will be used to control machinery equipment which your project team is
currently developing. The contract is a lump-sum contract. The contractor has a cost target
based on estimates, which seem rather low to you. Which of the following statements is NOT
true for this situation?
It is the contractor's risk in this type of contract that their profit may vanish if costs have
been underestimated.
This form of contract should only be chosen when all requirements on the contractor's
product are well-understood by all parties involved.
In a fixed-price contract, change requests can require adaptations to price, schedule and
other contractual items for the changes to be applied.
It is likely that your organization may have to assume any unexpected additional costs for
the software development that occur.

56. A review to determine, whether the intended execution of project activities will comply with
organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures is commonly called
Quality audit
Inspection
Quality testing
Reject screening

57. Which of the following is true regarding the code of accounts?
It allows a project manager to easily identify the breakdown level of the item in the
resource structure.
It describes the coding structure used by the performing organization to report financial
information in its general ledger.
It is the collection of unique identifiers generally assigned to WBS items.
It defines ethical behavior in the project and the responsibilities to the customer and the
profession.

58. You are the manager of your company's project management office. The company is running
many concurrent projects; most of them share a resource pool of technical staff. Understanding
how resources are utilized across projects has been found essential to overall project
performance, including cost effectiveness and profitability.
This morning you received a message that the resource pool members will be unable to perform
as planned for the next months because the overall work load has grown too high and while
delays are adding up, the morale of the staff is going down.
What should you do next?

Ensure that quantitative information for all projects is made available in a uniform and
reliable fashion and verify that the project management methodology is adhered to. Then
consolidate the information to get an understanding of the problems and communicate them
to management.
Implement an enterprise project management software solution which is able to level the
human resources across the various projects and which has the capability to model resource
assignment on a percentage level thus optimizing resource utilization for the overall
organization.
Do nothing related to the described problem unless you are explicitly requested by the
organizations upper management. Supporting decision making on the level on which
project portfolio management is done, is not the project management office's business.
Evaluate project management software which supports planning and scheduling across
enterprise-wide project portfolios. Avoid managing the availability of shared enterprise
resources for the projects run by an organization because this is not the business of a
project management office.

59. You have been criticized that certain specifications in your scope statement do not pass the test
for SMART objectives. What are SMART objectives?
Objectives specified in far more detail than necessary for a execution of a successful
project.
Easily achievable objectives which help you reducing the pressure on yourself and the
team.
Objectives that should be achieved in order to attain formal recognition by both the
customer and the project sponsor.
Objectives that are described using specific, measurable, assignable, realistic and time-
related specifications.

60. You have been assigned as a project manager to a software project. While you and your team
are working on a WBS (work breakdown structure), estimates for activity durations are already
made. These are based on a preliminary activity list and vary significantly, obviously as the
team members have different concepts of the work that needs to be done.Which additional
documents may help you clarify work requirements in this situation?
Final project schedule.
Project schedule network diagrams and human resource plan.
Activity cost estimates and scope baseline.
Activity attributes and project scope statement.

61. You are performing earned value technique on your project.
After budget approval, an additional and unexpected cost item has been identified, which made
the project more expensive some weeks ago. The item has meanwhile been paid by the project,
and it is expected that for the remaining duration of the project, costs will be as budgeted.
In this case, which is the best formula to calculate EaC (Estimate at Completion)?
EaC = BaC - CV
EaC = BaC / CPI
EaC = AC + BtC / CV
You can not compute the EaC.

62. During a company event, you had the opportunity to talk to a colleague project manager. He
told you that in his current project actual costs are 15% under cumulated costs budgeted for
today.
What do you think?

The information given to you by the colleague is not sufficient to assess project
performance.
The project will probably be completed with total costs remaining under budget until the
end.
A significant cost increase during the further course of the project will probably bring the
costs back to baseline level.
Original cost forecasting and budgeting for the project must have been poor to allow this
variance.

63. What is the meaning of Jerry B. Harvey's concept called the "Journey to Abilene"?
Project managers should visit their customers far more often than what is usual in order to
avoid misunderstandings and bad emotions.
International projects may have an increased need for traveling which can lead to additional
costs and troubles with time zones.
Group decisions can have the paradox outcome, that a decision is jointly made or approved
that is not desired by any of the group members.
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result.
Repeating it would be similar to making the same journey twice.

64. Which of the following statements describes best the relationship between project phases and
the project life cycle?
The project life cycle includes the time when the project is performed and the expected
product lifespan after that.
In project management, a sequence of project phases and phase gates is often referred to as
project life cycle.
The project life cycle is regarded as a sequence of project activities while phases are
defined to control overlapping activities.
The project life cycle describes how iterations of project management processes are used
when a project schedule is developed.

65. Which is an appropriate order in most project situations for the development of scope-related
documents?
1. Project SOW (statement of work), 2. Project charter, 3. Project scope management plan,
4. Project scope statement, 5. WBS (work breakdown structure) and WBS dictionary.
1. Work breakdown structure, 2. Scope statement, 3. Project charter, 4. CSOW (contractual
statement of work), 5. Contractual work breakdown structure
1. Feasibility study3. Contract, 4. CWBS (contractual work breakdown structure), 5. Scope
of work descriptions, 6. PID (project initiation document).
1. BOM (Bill of materials), 2. CAP (control account plan), 3. Project charter4. Change
management plan,5. Scope baseline.

66. What is the S-curve in project management?
A graph that is generated if a normal curve is integrated.
A graph that is to be integrated to generate a normal curve.
A metaphoric description of the short term uncertainties that are present in every project.
The graph that describes the typical growth of earned value during the course of the
project.

67. An output of the process Estimate activity resources is the documentation of "resource
requirements". It identifies the types and quantities of resources...
...while the term resources is limited to equipment and materials.
...required to perform each activity or work package.
...while the term resources is limited to human resources.
...to be obtained solely from inside the performing organization.

68. What is not the purpose of configuration control when configuration management is applied in
a project?
Verification that the configuration identification for a configuration item is accurate,
complete, and will meet specified program needs.
Ensuring that proposed and approved changes to configuration items are fully analyzed.
Ensuring that proposed and approved changes to configuration items are fully documented.
Managing and controlling the frequently requested changes to a project by applying agreed
upon rules.

69. Which statement describes best the meaning of the term cost baseline?
A cost baseline is always created by translating time-phased cost information into cost data
on activity or work-package level.
A cost baseline is an approved time-phased budget that will be used to measure and
monitor cost performance on the project.
Data to draw a cost baseline can be easily generated and updated as necessary from
information related to actual project cost.
A cost baseline is usually displayed in the form of an inverse S-curve drawn from the
beginning of the project until data date.

70. Which is NOT true in regard of RoI (return on investment) calculation for a project?
It defines the cumulated net income from an investment at a given point in time or during a
defined period.
It includes investment, direct and indirect costs and may include allowances for capital
cost, depreciation, risk of loss, and/or inflation.
It is most commonly stated as a percentage of the investment or as a dimensionless index
figure.
It is the time when cumulated net income is equal to the investment.

71. A project sponsor requested reports on two concurrent software projects from the project
managers. Both projects are regarded as equally important and strategically beneficial and have
been finished by over 80%. The sponsor considers to shift some resources from the first project
to the second to accelerate the second project, which is currently behind schedule. What is the
most likely outcome of such a measure?
Changing team assignments during late course of a project typically increases cost
efficiency.
Changing team assignments during late course of a project typically increases time
efficiency.
Project A will become slower. According to Brooks's law, Project B will also lose pace.
According to the law of diminishing returns, the consolidated cost variance of the two
projects will increase.

72. Which of the following statements describes best the relationship of quality and grade?
Low grade is always a problem; low quality may be overcome by a good rework and repair
process.
Grade is a category or rank given to entities having different functional requirements but
the same need for quality.
Both quality and grade can often be improved through intelligent measuring, testing and
examining.
Low quality is always a problem as it bears on the ability of an item to meet requirements;
low grade may sometimes be acceptable.

73. A project management team intends to develop a lifecycle for its new software development
project on a continuum between the extremes of highly agile and highly predictive methods.
What is a typical signal that the lifecycle chosen is located between the two extremes?
Requirements are elaborated repeatedly.
Requirements are developed upfront and kept static.
Requirements are developed during the course of the project.
Change is constrained as much as possible.

74. You have been asked to calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) of a project? What will you
assess?
The time period needed to pay back the investment from a project when future income is
discounted.
The inherent discount rate or investment yield rate produced by the project's deliverables
over a pre-defined period of time.
The rate of negative risk that can be accepted for a project without turning the expected net
present value negative.
The expected benefit from a project’s deliverable calculated as a percentage of the original
investment over a specified time period.

75. You have just created the following network logic diagram to describe the planned flow of
activities for your project which will start tomorrow:
Which potential inconsistency in the diagram should you solve right now to ensure that the
activities and the milestones "Start" and "A-F finished" are correctly linked?
Activity E is open ended (a "dangle") in relation to the finish milestone path convergence.
Activity F is open ended in relation to the path divergence after the start milestone.
You cannot calculate a critical path when lags and/or leads are calculated in percent.
Activities E to F need another task drawn as a hammock to calculate level of effort.

76. A project management team identified negative risks (threats) that cannot be responded to by
avoidance or mitigation. An alternative risk response would be active acceptance. What would
the team do to implement that?
Plan more risk management.
Monitor risks.
Allocate contingency reserves.
Identify further risks.

77. A project manager travels to a country whose culture is unknown to her. She realizes that her
direct way of communicating creates discomfort for some people she interacts with. What could
she consider improving?
The communications management plan
Her cultural awareness and cultural sensitivity
Her predisposition to culture shocks
The stakeholder responsibility matrix

78. A project manager is approached by a team of software programmers who work for her
project.The team requests a certain person to be released from other work to enhance the team
with specific technical skills and enhance its productivity. The team also offers to introduce the
person to the progress of development achieved so far and to the tasks that the person should
take over in order to get the project work done.Which management principle is applied by the
project manager and the team?
Self-organizing teams
Norming teams
Micro-managed teams
Competing teams

79. A project manager ensures that a team of development engineers is freed from operational
tasks, so that the team members can focus on self-organization and on getting the project work
done. The person listens to the team’s concerns and removes obstacles and impediments
whenever they occur. What is the best description for the leadership style of the project
manager?
Autocratic leadership
Benevolent leadership
Responsible leadership
Servant leadership

80. A company’s management is discussing a project request created by one of its managers. but its
mangers are uncertain, whether the project is worth the investment. A project manager has been
assigned to develop a document to describe the potential benefits in monetary and other
aspects. After acceptance of the project request, this document will to be used to track the
realization of those benefits.
Which title will the project manager probably give to the document?
Project business case
Benefits management plan
Project charter
Project statement of work

81. A project manager is performing a project with contract partners in different countries. What
should the person be aware of?
It is the seller’s responsibility to ensure that the procurement meets the specific needs of the
project.
All differences in local laws can be overcome with clear contract language.
Local culture and laws may have influence upon the enforceability of a contract.
The use of contracts with appendices and annexes should generally be avoided for projects.

82. A project management team consolidates a number of planning documents to a collection
called “project management plan” and ensures that these documents are consistent among each
other.
What documents could become part of the project management plan?

Resource calendars and project schedule
Management plans and baselines
Lessons learned register and quality report.
Resource management plan

83. When does a project manager perform the integrated change control process to make sure the
effects of change requests are under control?
During the course of the project
When baselines need to be altered
While the cost baseline is being created
When the configuration management plan is developed

84. During execution of a construction project to build a new bridge, it turns out that severe
weather conditions are threatening adherence to the project schedule and overall project
success. What kind of risk is this?
Complexity risk
Ambiguity risk
Variability risk
Event-related risk

85. A project was planned to take 5 months. The team is currently 3 months into it and has
completed half of the work.
Applying Earned schedule technique, what are the performance data of the project?
SV: -0.5 months, SPI: 0.83
SV: 1.5 months, SPI: 1.5
SV: -2,5 months, SPI: 0.83
SV: 0.5 months, SPI: 1.83

86. A software development team works with a product owner, who routes influence by
stakeholders on the software product. The product owner keeps a list of the work to be done in
order to build the desired product.
What is this list referred to?

Activity attributes
Increment
Iteration
Product backlog

87. A project management team identified the need to remove over-allocations of resources and
optimize their usage. They are discussing whether to apply resource leveling or resource
smoothing.
Which of the following statements is correct?

Resource leveling does not change the project schedule
Resource smoothing commonly changes the critical path
Resource smoothing may delay the completion date
Resource smoothing may not optimize all resources

88. A project management team has identified a large number of risks during its risk identification
sessions. It noticed that it would not have the time and resources to quantitatively analyze all of
them. The team also agreed that not all of these risks would justify the effort necessary to digg
deeply into them.
What should the team do next?

Implement agreed upon risk response plans.
Plan risk responses for each of the identified risks.
Perform qualitative risk analysis to prioritize the risks.
Perform quantitative risk analysis to numerically analyze risks.

89. A project management team has identified, analyzed and prioritized a great number of
individual project risks and also some overall risks. The team discusses strategies to respond to
them.
What is true for strategies that can be used for individual risks?
They differ fundamentally from those used for overall risk.
They can also be used to respond to overall risk.
Only responses for threats can also be used for overall risk.
Only responses for opportunities can also be used for overall risk.

90. A project management team has identified, analyzed, prioritized risks and developed risk
responses.
What should the team members take care of next?

Action should be taken to actually respond to the risks after their occurrence.
Action should be taken to respond to individual risks only. Overall risk can be escalated.
Documentation should be avoided to not wake up “sleeping dogs”.
Action should be taken to actually respond to the risks in a proactive fashion.

91. A project has been given into the hands of a contractor and will be performed against payments
by the customer.
During contract development, it has been agreed that the buyer’s procurement statement of
work (SOW) would become an appendix to the contract (CSOW), turning it into a part of the
agreement.
From the contractor’s perspective, which should be among the next steps to initiate and plan the
customer project?
The contractor can mostly disregard the SOW, because the language in the contract’s main
document is the binding one for the project.
The contractor should ensure that the project management team understands how the
CSOW becomes a key input to many of the seller’s processes.
The contractor should regard the requirements laid down in the CSOW as the only binding
ones and focus solely on meeting them during the project.
The contractor-side’s project team can do the project without knowledge of the contract
and the SOW just by clarifying requirements directly with the customer.

92. A project management team prepares contract development for a project that has major parts of
the work outsourced to a number of contractors.
A question turns up, which risks should be assumed by contractors and which should remain
the responsibility of the customer.
What would be good decision?

All risks should be agreed upon to be managed by the contractor, who after all gets paid for
managing them.
Risks should generally remain with the customer to reduce the costs of outsourcing for the
project.
Each risk should be accurately allocated to the respective party that is most capable of
managing it.
The allocation of a risk should not be decided during contract development, but after it has
occurred.

93. A project management team has identified a large number of sellers who seem capable to be
taken as contractors into the project supply network and allocated to work items.
What should be the next step for the team?
Invite the sellers to contract negotiations.
Develop a short list of qualified sellers.
Conduct a technical evaluation of proposals.
Sign contracts with the sellers.

94. A project management team in a major infrastructure project is facing growing resistance from
people living nearby. These people believe that they are stakeholders. They perceive that they
will be affected by the execution of a project and/or by its results.
Should a project management team consider these people as actual stakeholders?

If they can influence the project, yes. The team should engage them as stakeholders.
No. Only people with vested interests should be regarded as stakeholders.
No. It is the decision of the team, who is regarded as a stakeholder and who is not.
No. Stakeholders are limited to people that provide tangible input to the project.

95. A project management team has decided to use an assumptions log for lower-level tasks and
activities in a project to refurbish and modernize an old business building that should be rented
out for upmarket customers.
The actual project work will mostly be done by contractors, and the task of the project team
will be mainly contract development and management and the coordination of the contractors
regarding technical and schedule matters.
In addition to assumptions, what other content may the team capture in the assumptions log?
Project contractors
Summary risks
Technical risks
Constraints

96. A project manager and the project management team have identified a number of stakeholders
for a project to develop and implement a new software solution that would come with far-
reaching changes inside the organization. They listed them up in a stakeholder register.
What is an appropriate next step?

Develop ground rules for meetings.
Monitor the engagement of stakeholders.
Actively engage stakeholders.
Plan how to engage stakeholders.

97. A project manager is discussing with the project management office the implementation of risk
audits in the project.
What should be the purpose of a risk audit?

A risk audit gives the opportunity to verify the completeness of the risk register and risk
report.
A risk audit gives the opportunity to validate the existence of a risk management plan.
A risk audit gives the opportunity to consider the effectiveness of the risk management
response strategy.
A risk audit gives the opportunity to consider the effectiveness of the entire risk
management process.

98. A project is performed by a company for another organization. The latter organization pays the
first for the work performed and deliverables provided.
What kind of agreement is used between the two companies?

Project contract
Internal agreement
Memorandum of understanding
Gentlemen agreement

99. A company is writing a job advert to look for a project manager to lead and direct an urban
development project. The mission of the project is to implement a bold architectural vision. It
will be the project manager’s task to ensure that project work is accomplished through the
project’s team members and other stakeholders.
What skills should the advertisement focus on?

Legal skills.
Technical skills.
Interpersonal skills.
Engineering skills.

100. An organizational change project is accompanied by a set of business documents, including a
business case and a benefits management plan.
When a project manager has been assigned to the project, what should be the first step to get
chartered for the project?
Collect requirements on the project to prepare the development of the project scope
statement and the work breakdown structure.
Review the business documents to understand the project’s objectives and how it is
expected to contribute to the business goals.
Develop a backlog of product components, features, functions, and develop a bill of
materials from them for the project.
Develop a human resource plan to capture team members assigned and their availability
for the project.

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20.033cm, 19.982cm, 19,995cm, 20.056cm, 19.970cm, 19.968cm, 19.963cm, 19.958cm,

What should be done?

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EV: 523,000; PV: 623,000; AC: 643,000.

Which results are correct?

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Which of the following activities should you do first?

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What kind of information is the person expected to provide in the document?

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What should the project manager do?

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If tasks are scheduled to begin at early start date, what is true?

Activity B has a free float of 10 d.

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Formal procurements closure

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Which of the following statements is true?

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What is the minimum total duration between the milestones A and B?

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In order to avoid such a situation, rejected change requests should be consistently

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What should you do right now?

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EV: 250,000; PV: 200,000; AC 275,000

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