1.

Corynebacterium jeikeium CF: Opportunistic infections; bacteremia; EF: Immunocompromised

patients at increased risk Tx: Vancomycin
2. Corynebacterium urealyticum CF: Urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis with calculi;
bacteremia EF:Risk factors include immunosuppression, underlying genitourinary disorders,
antecedent urologic procedures, prior antibiotic therapy Tx:Vancomycin
3. Erysipelothrix rhusiophathiae CF:Erysipeloid (localized skin lesion); generalized cutaneous
infection; septicemia EF:Occupational disease of butchers, meat processors, farmers, poultry
workers, fish handlers, and veterinarians Tx:Localized infection: penicillin, ciprofloxacin,
clindamycin Disseminated infection: ceftriaxone, imipenem
4. Rhodococcus equi CF:Bronchopulmonary disease; opportunistic infections in
immunocompetent patients EF:Pathogen most commonly found in immunocompromised
patients (e.g., AIDS patients, transplant recipients) Tx:Combination therapy with vancomycin,
carbapenems, aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin, rifampin
5. Acinetobacter CF:Opportunistic infections: pneumonia, septicemia, urinary tract infections,
wound infections EF:Nosocomial infections Tx:Imipenem or ceftazidime combined with
aminoglycosides for serious infections; multidrug resistance increasingly common
6. Aeromonas CF:Wound infections, gastroenteritis EF:Healthy and immunocompromised
patients Tx:Ciprofloxacin; trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, or amikacin as
alternative therapy
7. Bartonella bacilliformis CF:Carrión disease (Oroya fever) + “Peruvian wart” EF:Bite of infected
sandfly Tx:Chloramphenicol + penicillin
8. Bartonella quintana CF:Trench fever (TF), BA, subacute endocarditis EF:Healthy (TF,
endocarditis) or immunocompromised patients (BA) Tx:Azithromycin; erythromycin or
doxycycline
9. Burkholderia cepacia complex CF:Pulmonary infections, opportunistic infections
EF:Compromised individuals, especially cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease
patients Tx:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; piperacillin, ceftazidime, or ciprofloxacin as
alternative therapy if trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistant
10. Burkholderia pseudomallei CF:Melioidosis (asymptomatic to severe pulmonary disease)
EF:Opportunistic pathogen Tx:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole + ceftazidime
11. Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis CF:Gastroenteritis EF:Zoonotic infection following
ingestion of contaminated food, milk, or water Tx:Self-limited; severe infections treated with
azithromycin; tetracycline or fluoroquinolones used as alternative therapy
12. Campylobacter fetus CF:Septicemia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, spontaneous abortion
EF:Infects elderly, immunocompromised patients Tx:Aminoglycosides, carbapenems,
chloramphenicol
13. Cardiobacterium hominis CF:Subacute endocarditis EF:Opportunistic pathogen in patients
with previously damaged heart valve Tx:Penicillin or ampicillin
14. Eikenella corrodens CF:Subacute endocarditis, wound infections EF:Human bite wounds;
opportunistic pathogen in patients with previously damaged heart valve Tx:Penicillin,
cephalosporins, tetracycline, or fluoroquinolones
15. Kingella kingae CF:Subacute endocarditis EF:Opportunistic pathogen in patients with
previously damaged heart valve Tx:β-Lactam with β-lactamase inhibitor, cephalosporins,
macrolides, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone
16. Moraxella catarrhalis CF:Bronchopneumonia, ear or eye infections EF:Children, patients with
compromised pulmonary system Tx:Cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
17. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CF:Wide variety of local and systemic infections
EF:Nosocomial infections Tx:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; doxycycline or ceftazidime as
alternative
18. Streptobacillus moniliformis CF:Rat-bite fever; Haverhill fever EF:Bite of rat or other small
rodent; ingestion of contaminated food or water Tx:Penicillin, tetracycline
19. Anaplasma phagocytophilum CF:Anaplasmosis (granulocytic ehrlichiosis) EF:Transmission by
tick bite (Ixodes) Tx:Doxycycline; rifampin as alternative therapy
20. Ehrlichia chaffeensis CF:Monocytic ehrlichiosis EF:Transmission by tick bite (Amblyomma)
Tx:Doxycycline; rifampin used as alternative therapy
21. Borrelia recurrentis CF:Epidemic relapsing fever EF:Transmission by human body louse; no
animal host Tx:Tetracyclines; penicillins
22. Borrelia species CF:Endemic relapsing fever EF:Transmission by tick bite (Ornithodoros);
rodent and small mammal reservoir Tx:Tetracyclines; penicillins
23. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (group C, G. β-hemolytic) CF: Pharyngitis, similar to GAS EF:
Habitat is the throat
24. Streptococcus anginosus group (S anginosus, S intermedius, S constellatus) CF: Pyogenic
infxns, including brain, liver, lung abcesses EF: Throat, colon and urogenital tract colonization
Sources: Jawetz Microb and Murray Medical Microb (most of the bugs) CF = clinical findings EF =
epidemiological findings Tx = treatment

Thanks for going through and making this awesome list!

CF = clinical findings EF = epidemiological findings Tx = treatment

1. Corynebacterium jeikeium
CF: Opportunistic infections; bacteremia;
EF: Immunocompromised patients at increased risk
Tx: Vancomycin

2. Corynebacterium urealyticum
CF: Urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis with calculi; bacteremia
EF:Risk factors include immunosuppression, underlying genitourinary disorders, antecedent urologic
procedures, prior antibiotic therapy
Tx:Vancomycin

3. Erysipelothrix rhusiophathiae
CF:Erysipeloid (localized skin lesion); generalized cutaneous infection; septicemia
EF:Occupational disease of butchers, meat processors, farmers, poultry workers, fish handlers, and
veterinarians
Tx:Localized infection: penicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin; Disseminated infection: ceftriaxone,
imipenem

4. Rhodococcus equi
CF:Bronchopulmonary disease; opportunistic infections in immunocompetent patients
EF:Pathogen most commonly found in immunocompromised patients (e.g., AIDS patients, transplant
recipients)
Tx:Combination therapy with vancomycin, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin, rifampin
5. Acinetobacter
CF:Opportunistic infections: pneumonia, septicemia, urinary tract infections, wound infections
EF:Nosocomial infections
Tx:Imipenem or ceftazidime combined with aminoglycosides for serious infections; multidrug
resistance increasingly common
6. Aeromonas
CF:Wound infections, gastroenteritis
EF:Healthy and immunocompromised patients
Tx:Ciprofloxacin; trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, or amikacin as alternative therapy
7. Bartonella bacilliformis
CF:Carrión disease (Oroya fever) + “Peruvian wart”
EF:Bite of infected sandfly
Tx:Chloramphenicol + penicillin
8. Bartonella quintana
CF:Trench fever (TF), BA, subacute endocarditis
EF:Healthy (TF, endocarditis) or immunocompromised patients (BA)
Tx:Azithromycin; erythromycin or doxycycline
9. Burkholderia cepacia complex
CF:Pulmonary infections, opportunistic infections
EF:Compromised individuals, especially cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease patients
Tx:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; piperacillin, ceftazidime, or ciprofloxacin as alternative therapy if
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistant
10. Burkholderia pseudomallei
CF:Melioidosis (asymptomatic to severe pulmonary disease)
EF:Opportunistic pathogen
Tx:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole + ceftazidime
11. Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis

CF:Gastroenteritis
EF:Zoonotic infection following ingestion of contaminated food, milk, or water
Tx:Self-limited; severe infections treated with azithromycin; tetracycline or fluoroquinolones used as
alternative therapy
12. Campylobacter fetus
CF:Septicemia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, spontaneous abortion
EF:Infects elderly, immunocompromised patients
Tx:Aminoglycosides, carbapenems, chloramphenicol
13. Cardiobacterium hominis
CF:Subacute endocarditis
EF:Opportunistic pathogen in patients with previously damaged heart valve
Tx:Penicillin or ampicillin
14. Eikenella corrodens
CF:Subacute endocarditis, wound infections
EF:Human bite wounds; opportunistic pathogen in patients with previously damaged heart valve
Tx:Penicillin, cephalosporins, tetracycline, or fluoroquinolones
15. Kingella kingae
CF:Subacute endocarditis
EF:Opportunistic pathogen in patients with previously damaged heart valve
Tx:β-Lactam with β-lactamase inhibitor, cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone
16. Moraxella catarrhalis
CF:Bronchopneumonia, ear or eye infections
EF:Children, patients with compromised pulmonary system
Tx:Cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
17. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
CF:Wide variety of local and systemic infections
EF:Nosocomial infections
Tx:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; doxycycline or ceftazidime as alternative
18. Streptobacillus moniliformis
CF:Rat-bite fever; Haverhill fever
EF:Bite of rat or other small rodent; ingestion of contaminated food or water
Tx:Penicillin, tetracycline
20. Anaplasma phagocytophilum
CF:Anaplasmosis (granulocytic ehrlichiosis)
EF:Transmission by tick bite (Ixodes)
Tx:Doxycycline; rifampin as alternative therapy
21. Ehrlichia chaffeensis
CF:Monocytic ehrlichiosis
EF:Transmission by tick bite (Amblyomma)
Tx:Doxycycline; rifampin used as alternative therapy
22. Borrelia recurrentis
CF:Epidemic relapsing fever
EF:Transmission by human body louse; no animal host
Tx:Tetracyclines; penicillins
23. Borrelia species
CF:Endemic relapsing fever
EF:Transmission by tick bite (Ornithodoros); rodent and small mammal reservoir
Tx:Tetracyclines; penicillins
24. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (group C, G. β-hemolytic)
CF: Pharyngitis, similar to GAS
EF: Habitat is the throat
25. Streptococcus anginosus group (S anginosus, S intermedius, S constellatus)
CF: Pyogenic infxns, including brain, liver, lung abcesses
EF: Throat, colon and urogenital tract colonization