Data and results

Table 5.1 Experimental Data on Absorbance Reading of Water Sample from Imelda Village
Trial Absorbance at 640 nm, A
1 1.952
2 2.947
Average 2.4495
Table 5.1 shows the experimental data on the absorbance reading of the water sample

from upstream and from residence measured at 640 nm wavelength.

Table 5.2 Experimental Data on Ammonia Concentration of Water Sample from Imelda Village
Trial Concentration, ppm
1 0.6768
2 1.1390
Average 0.9079

Table 5.2 shows the experimental data on ammonia concentration of water sample from

upstream and from residence utilizing the formula,

y = 2.1529x + 0.4949

Where y is the absorbance and x is the ammonia concentration in mg/L

Table 5.3 Experimental Data on Absorbance Reading of the Calibrating Solution

conc A
0.01 0.104
0.04 0.268
0.05 0.307
0.1 1.723
0.5 1.727
1 2.5
 Figure 3.1: Standard Curve of Ammonia

AMMONIA CALIBRATION
3

2.5
ABSORBANCE, A

1.5
y = 2.1529x + 0.4949
R² = 0.8471
1

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
CONCENTRATION, ppm

Natural factors that can affect the concentration of ammonia include: algal growth, decay

of plant or animal material, and fecal matter. Other aspects of nitrogen cycling can also affect the

amount of ammonia present. Ammonia can also come from domestic, industrial or agricultural

pollution, primarily from fertilizers, organic matter or fecal matter.

Ammonia may be present in drinking-water as a result of disinfection with chloramines.

The presence of ammonia at higher than geogenic levels is an important indicator of fecal

pollution. Taste and odor problems as well as decreased disinfection efficiency are to be expected

if drinking-water containing more than 0.2 mg of ammonia per liter is chlorinated, as up to 68%

of the chlorine may react with the ammonia and become unavailable for disinfection. Cement

mortar used for coating the insides of water pipes may release considerable amounts of ammonia

into drinking-water and compromise disinfection with chlorine.

The toxicity of ammonia is critically dependent on pH and temperature. The un-ionized

form (NH3) is more toxic than the ionized form (NH4+). As pH increases, NH4+ is converted to

NH3, and the toxicity increases. Higher temperatures also favor the more toxic form.
 Ammonia has a toxic effect on healthy humans only if the intake becomes higher than the

capacity to detoxify. If ammonia is administered in the form of its ammonium salts, the effects of

the anion must also be taken into account. With ammonium chloride, the acidotic effects of the

chloride ion seem to be of greater importance than those of the ammonium ion. At a dose of more

than 100 mg/kg of body weight per day (33.7 mg of ammonium ion per kg of body weight per

day), ammonium chloride influences metabolism by shifting the acid–base equilibrium, disturbing

the glucose tolerance, and reducing the tissue sensitivity to insulin.

Table 5.4

group Absorption conc

1
2 0.545 0.0233
3 1.0605 0.2627
4 2.4495 0.9079
5 1.078 0.2708
6
7 1.6715 0.5465
8
9 1.491 0.4627
10 0.741 2.0902