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STO ELEMENTARNIH ZADATAKA 2005 A Samo Zadaci PDF
STO ELEMENTARNIH ZADATAKA 2005 A Samo Zadaci PDF
ba + bg = ba + bg ⋅ ba + bg = a + 2ab + b
2 2 2
a n ⋅ a m = a n+ m
ba + bg = b b + a g
2 2 a n : a m = a n− m
ba − bg = ba − bg ⋅ ba − bg = a − 2ab + b
2 2 2 an
am
= a n : a m = a n− m
ba − bg = b b − a g
2 2
ba b c g = a b c
n n n n
b − a − b g = ba + b g
2 2
da i = a
n m n⋅ m
ba − b g ⋅ ba + b g = a − b 2 2
FG a IJ = a
n n
ba + bg = a + 3a b + 3ab + b
3 3 2 2 3
H bK b n
ba − bg = a − 3a b + 3ab − b
3 3 2 2 3
FG a IJ = FG b IJ = b
−n n n
a − b = ba − b g ⋅ da + ab + b i
3 3 2 2 H bK H a K a n
a + b = b a + b g ⋅ d a − ab + b i
3 3 2 2 a0 = 1
a1 = a
ba + b + c g = a + b + c + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
2 2 2 2
1
a −1 =
x + px + q = S
2 Rm + n = pUV = a x + mf ⋅ a x + nf a
Tm ⋅ n = q W a−n = n
1
2 RSm + n = b UV 2
a
ax + bx + c =
Tm ⋅ n = a ⋅ cW = ax + mx + nx + c = . . .
α
TEL. 01-4578-431
M.I.M.-SRAGA 1999./2004.
1
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
Autor:
MLADEN SRAGA
Grafička obrada
MLADEN SRAGA
51 − 75 = 1 51 − 81 = 1
76 − 85 = 2 82 − 86 = 2
86 − 91 = 3 87 − 90 = 3
92 − 95 = 4 91 − 94 = 4
96 − 100 = 5 95 − 100 = 5
Moj komentar:
ako ste dobili ocjenu 0 - hitno tražite instruktora
ako ste dobili ocjenu 1 - trebali bi ozbiljno poćeti vježbati
ako ste dobili ocjenu 2 - Vi znate nešto ali ima tu puno rupa
ako ste dobili ocjenu 3 - dobro možete krenut na pripreme
ako ste dobili ocjenu 4 - vi ste spremni za zadatke sa prijemnih
ako ste dobili ocjenu 5 - odlično- vama zadaci s prijemnog
nebi trebali predstavljat problem
Prvo riješite zadatke pa tek onda gledajte u rješenja jer su tamo kompletno riješeni....
Potpunu garanciju na zadatke i rješenja daje: centar za dopisnu poduku M.I.M.-SRAGA -dakle sve što vam se
čini nejasno krivo ili sumnjivo - zovite 01-4578-431 ili 01-4579-130 i tražite dodatne upute i objašnjenja ...
Zadatci su u potpunosti naš autorski rad , ako se neki zadatak već pojavio u nekoj drugoj zbirci ...nije namjerno ponovljen s naše strane.
Centar za poduku M.I.M.-Sraga zadržava sva prava na komercijalno iskorištavanje ovih zadataka.
Svako kopiranje umnažanje za vlastite potrebe i potrebe poduke i nastave je dozvoljeno i dobrodošlo.
2
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
1) x 2 ⋅ x3 =
POTENCIJE
2) x2 ⋅ x4 ⋅ x6 =
n+ m
a ⋅an m
= a 2 5
a :an m
= a n−m 3) x 3 ⋅ x2 ⋅ x 2 =
an 4) x4 : x2 =
m
= a n : a m = a n−m
a 5) x7 : x 2 : x3 =
( abc )
n
= a n bn c n
6) x 7 ⋅ x8 : x 9 =
(a )
m
n
= an ⋅m x8
7) =
((a ) ) x3
m z
n
= an ⋅m ⋅z
(x )
3
n
8) 2
=
a an
−n
b
= n
b
n
9) (( ) ) =
x3
4 5
a b bn
b
= = n
a a 10 ) (( x ) ) ⋅( x ) =
2
6 2
2
5
a = 1
0
a = a
1 11) (( x ) ) : ( x ) =
2
5 3
4
5
1
( 2ab )
3
a −1 = 12 ) 2
=
a
4
1 2 2 3
a−n = n
a 13) x y =
1
3
3
an = n
a 2 2 3
( )
2
1
14 ) a b : 2ab
2
=
− 1 1 3
a n
= 1
= n −1
a x
a n
15) =
y
m
a n
= n
am
−2 3
m
1 1 x y
⋅ =
−
a n
= = 16 )
m n
am y x
a n
3 2 2
a2 y y2
17 ) 3 ⋅ 3 : 4 =
y a a
−1 −2 −3
2 1 1
18) + − =
3 3 2
−1
1
19 ) 27 ⋅ x ⋅ y ⋅ 2 ⋅
0 0 0 1
=
3
1 −1
1 1
20 ) y 0 ⋅ 2−1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 2−3 =
2 5
3
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
1
21) x2 =
POTENCIJE
a n ⋅ a m = a n+ m −
1
a n : a m = a n−m
22 ) x 2
=
an
= a n : a m = a n−m 2
am
23) x3 =
( abc )
n
= a n bn c n
(a )
m
n
= an ⋅m −
3
24 ) x 4
=
((a ) ) m z
n⋅m⋅z
n
= a
n 1
a an 25) 36 2 =
b = n
b
−n n
a b bn 1
b = = n
a a 26 ) 16 4 =
a = 1
0
1
a1 = a
25 2
1 27 ) =
a −1 = 49
a
1
a−n = n 1
a
16 4
1 28) =
an = n
a 81
1
− 1 1
a n
= 1
= 1
n
a −
a n 64 2
29 ) =
m
49
a n
= n
am
m
− 1 1
a n
= = −
3
m n
am 9 2
a n 30 ) =
16
KORIJENI 31) 10 ⋅ 10 =
n
a⋅n b = n a⋅b
a 32 ) 3
3⋅ 3 9 =
n
a⋅n b = n
b
33) 4
2⋅4 8 =
34 ) 5
x 2 ⋅ 5 x3 =
35) 6
x5 : 6 x 2 =
4
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
Koristeći formule koje smo upravo obradili i ove nove koje vam dajem ovdje riješite sljedeće zadatke:
( x + 3)
2
36 ) = ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI
(a + b) = ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2
( 2x + 3y )
2
37 ) =
(a + b) = (b + a )
2 2
( 3x − 4 y ) ( a − b ) = ( a − b ) ⋅ ( a − b ) = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
2 2
38 ) =
(a − b) = (b − a )
2 2
2
1 2 3 ( −a − b ) = ( a + b )
2 2
39 ) x+ y =
2 3 ( a − b ) ⋅ ( a + b ) = a 2 − b2
( a + b ) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3ab2 + b3
3
2
2 3 3 4 ( a − b ) = a 3 − 3a 2 b + 3ab 2 − b 3
3
40 ) x − y =
3 4 a 3 − b 3 = ( a − b ) ⋅ ( a 2 + ab + b 2 )
a 3 + b 3 = ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a 2 − ab + b 2 )
(5x − 6 y )
−2
41) =
(a + b + c)
2
= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
( −2a − 3 y )
2
42 ) =
43) ( 2 x − 5) ⋅ ( 2 x + 5) =
2 2 4 3 2 2 4 3
44 ) x − y ⋅ x + y =
3 5 3 5
45) ( 3x 2
)( )
y 3 z 4 − 4a 5 b 6 ⋅ 3 x 2 y 3 z 4 − 4 a 5 b 6 =
( x + 3)
3
46 ) =
( x + 2) ⋅( x + 2) =
2
47 )
( 2 y − 3z )
3
48) =
3
1 1
49 ) + x =
2 3
3
2 2 3 3
50 ) x − y =
3 2
( 3x )
3
51) 2
y3 − 2 z 4 =
( x + y) − ( x − y) =
3 3
52 )
5
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
Primjer:
27 x 3 − 8 y 6 = ?
rješenje:
( ) = ( 3x ) − ( 2 y ) = ( 3x − 2 y ) ⋅ ( ( 3x )
27 x 3 − 8 y 6 = 33 x 3 − 23 y 2
3 3 2
3
2 2
(
+ 3x ⋅ 2 y 2 + 2 y 2 )
2
)=
↓ ↓
Prepoznaj: a 3 − b3 = ( a − b ) ⋅ a 2 + a ⋅ b + b 2 ( )
↓ ↓
( )
3
a3 = ( 3x )
3
b3 = 2 y 2
a = 3x b = 2 y2
( )(
= 3x − 2 y 2 ⋅ 9 x 2 + 6 xy 2 + 4 y 4 )
ALGEBARSKI IZRAZI
(
a 3 − b 3 = ( a − b ) ⋅ a 2 + ab + b 2 )
a 3 + b3 = (a + b) ⋅ (a 2
− ab + b 2 )
Rastavi na faktore:
53 ) x3 − 8 =
54 ) 8 y 3 − 27 =
55 ) x 6 + 125 =
56 ) x6 − y 6 =
1 3
57 ) y +1 =
27
58 ) 64 x 9 y 6 + 125 z 3 =
6
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
(a + b + c)
2
Koristeći se formulom = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
riješi sljedeće zadatke:
( x + 2 y + 3)
2
59 ) =
( 2x + 3y + 4z )
2
60 ) =
( 3 x + y − 3)
2
61) =
Koristeći se formulom: a 2 − b2 = ( a − b ) ⋅ ( a + b )
rastavi na faktore:
62 ) x 2 − 16 =
63 ) 4 y 2 − 36 x 2 =
1 4 25 6
64 ) x − y =
4 49
65 ) x4 − y4 =
66 ) 4 x2 y 4 − z8 =
( x + y) − ( x − 2y)
2 2
67 ) =
68 ) ( )
36 x + y 2 − 16 ( x − y ) =
2
7
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
a 2 + 2ab + b2 = ( a + b ) a 2 − 2ab + b2 = ( a − b )
2 2
Koristeći se formulama:
69 ) 9x2 + 6 y + y2 =
70) 4 x 2 − 20 xy + 25 y 2 =
71) 9 x 6 − 12 x 3 y 4 + 4 y 8 =
72 ) x4 + y6 + 2x2 y3 =
73 ) − x 2 + 2 xy 4 − y 8 =
1 2
74 ) a − 3ab 2 + 9b 4 =
4
Kvadratni trinom
m + n = p
x + px + q = = ( x + m) ⋅ ( x + n)
2
m ⋅ n = q
m + n = b
= ax + mx + nx + c = ...
2 2
ax + bx + c =
m ⋅ n = a ⋅ c
75) x 2 + 2 x − 15 =
76 ) 3x 2 + x − 2 =
77 ) x 2 − x − 12 =
8
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
4x − 6 y
78 ) =
6x − 9 y
x2 − y2
79 ) =
x 2 + 2 xy + y 2
a 4 − b4
80 ) =
a 2 − 2ab + b 2
( x − y)
2
81) =
y2 − x2
( y + x)
2
82 ) =
x4 − y 4
x3 − y 3
83 ) =
3x 2 − 3 y 2
x3 + y 3
84 ) =
( x + y)
3
3 x 2 + 18 x + 27
85 ) =
2 x 2 − 18
2 x 2 − xy + 3 y 2
86 ) =
3 x 2 + 6 xy + 3 y 2
9
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
x+3 x−2 x
87 ) − + =
2 3 4
1 2
87 ) − =
x+2 x−2
2 3 3x − 2
88 ) + − 2 =
x −1 x +1 x −1
1 1
89 ) − =
y − 3 ( y − 3)2
1 y2
90 ) − =
x2 + y 2 x4 − y 4
y y
91) − =
x − y ( y − x)
2 2 2
Izračunaj:
x 2 − y 2 4 x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2
92 ) ⋅ =
x3 − y 3 ( y + x)
2
x 4 − y 4 x6 + 2 x3 y 3 + y 6
93 ) ⋅ =
x3 + y 3 x4 + x2 y 2
1 2 x4 − 1
94 ) + ⋅ 2 =
x + 1 x − 1 9x − 1
10
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004
100 Elementarnih zadataka
3x 2 y + 18 xy + 27 y x2 − 9
95 ) : =
6 x 2 y − 24 y x2 + 4x + 4
( x + y ) − y 2 yx + 2 y 2
2
96 ) : =
( x − y ) − z 2 xz − yz − z
2 2
1 1 3x − 2 x3 + 2 x 2 + x
97 ) − + ⋅ =
x − 1 x + 1 x − 1 6x − 9x
2 2
1
1+
y −1
98 ) =
1
1−
y +1
1+ x
1−
99 ) 1 − 2x =
1+ x
1+
1 − 2x
x− y x+ y
−
x+ y x− y
100 ) =
4 x 2 y 3 − 4 xy
xy − x + y 2 − y
11
M I M SRAGA 1999 / 2004