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Physics (Basics) of Ultrasound
Physics (Basics) of Ultrasound
Ravindran Padmanabhan
Aarthi Scans
What is Sound ?
Velocity
Wavelength
Frequency
V=ƒλ
Returning Waves
The Higher the Amp the brighter the image and the
lower the more darker the images
Applications Training for Service – Ravindran Padmanabhan 12
How Ultrasound Works…
1. Electrical Energy
converted to Sound
waves
• Reflection
• Transmission
• Attenuation
• Scattering
Transducer
Transducer
is Ane-echoic
High Freq Low
Freq
Attenuation Co-efficient
•Gas | Fluid – Low AC – allow Wave to pass
•Bones – High AC – will block
Applications Training for Service – Ravindran Padmanabhan 21
Summary of Ultrasound Attributes
• Spatial Resolution
– also called Detail Resolution
– the combination of AXIAL and LATERAL
resolution
– some customers may use this term
1. Electrical Energy
converted to Sound
waves
Acoustic Impedance
Velocity
Frequency 2. The Sound waves are
reflected by tissues
Reflection
Amplification 3. Reflected Sound waves are
converted to electrical signals and
Applications Training for Service – Ravindran Padmanabhan later to Image 41
Probes (Explain)
Range is ideal to switch between General, High and low Resolution
• Transverse or Axial
• Longitudinal or Saggital
• Coronal
Zero
Baseline
ø < 60 degrees
Cos 900 = 0
no Doppler shift
Cos 600 = 1
Freq/Velocity
Time
cm/s cm/s
cm/s
cm/s
Spectral Window
• No background noise
• Clean window/envelope in normal flow states
• Clear audible signal
• Accurate display of velocities
Flow
Toward
Flow
Away