s Q ° ° uy. x 1 : fers aay, ¢ saart:, 2 YE: cur z rar rer ye rs Oe rh edd 1 PRAVESHAYW wag AA a ad? Jayatu Bharatam - Jayatu Bharati Victory of Bharata - Victory of Samskrita HINDU SEVA PRATISHTHANA, SAMSKRIT VIBHAG feeq Bar Tawra, daa for: ; 5 Samskrit Through Correspondence ‘Aksharam’ 8th cross, Girinagar I Phase Bangalore-560 085 PRAVESA (First Session) yA: Ws: - Prathamah Pathah Dear Participant, Jt is a matter of great delight that you are taking part in this Samskrit Education Scheme through correspondence. We need not again stress the importance of Samskrit. Please set aside at least 20 minutes every day for the study of Samskrit. Study the lessons well. If possible, contact some other person participating in the scheme and discuss with him. We sincerely welcome you to this scheme and hope you will distribute the sweetness of Samskrit to other friends. PRAEA2 ree renter ee USER Sra: + Terr 1) Arabdham uttamajanah na parityajanti. Good people do not ive up what is started by them. The alphabet consists of 13 Vowels. Short ‘E’ and ‘OQ’ qT u ALPHABET eto goo R Eel U0 oR eR Rie ca. alk a Aly O AU. AM. An ate not found in Samskrit, q,. %, ait, ’ ait are called Diphthongs. % - This alphabet is usually not used in other languages. Consonants (33)- PRA-E1 m a KA KHA qT a CA CHA z a. TA. JHA - e. TA. THA T w ‘PA. PHA T BGA T JA = DA z DA qT BA GHA DHA DHA BHA NA NA NA NAq t = gq a YA RA LA VA SA eu & sk SA HA Also there is a practice of teaching 2 more letters @, a along with the consonants. TRANSLITERATION GUIDE The classification of letters is very scientific and is based on the sound generated from different parts of the vocal system and the effort applied for pronouncing them. It may be difficult to communicate the pronounciation in writing. Hence we are giving here a Transliteration Guide which gives English equivalent (or - nearest) pronounciation to the Samskrit letters. This Transliteration Guide is of International Standard and the same is given here for the benefit of the participants. VOWELS a as in up, rural. a as in father. ias in fill, lily. jas in feed, meet. u as in full, bush. a as in fool, tool. yaa g ry as in Chr(i)stmas,” where the i is not “pronounced. » : x PRA-ETal wv q449 4 4 4 _ PRA-ES Bio 6 Re aT ee ees. rt a rr E 4 < Tis the prolongation of the r. ] as in fi(i)p when the i is not pronounced. These three r, r and | are vowels, to be carefully distinguished from the consonants r(a) and 1(a) e as in prey, they (always long). ai as in the word I. o as in go, store. mm as in glum. _ has in the exclamation ah where the h is heard. CONSONANTS (The vowel a is added to the Samskrit letters.) k as in come, seek. kh as in khaki. g as in good. gh as in aghast. nas in monkey, puncture. c as in chum. ch as in Churchhill when it is not pronounced as _ two words but the second ch is sounded with a special stress. j as in jump. jh pronounced jjjjjhah, with a forceful expiration with hah. ' fi as in sinje. t as in true.5 S$. th as in putting (the word used in golf) d as in drum. a dh as in adhere when it is not pronounced as two words but as one with a heavy dh. n as in hunting. t as in pat. th as in tug. d as in then. dh pronounced with a deep expiration! n as in in, nut. i p as in punish. ‘ ph as in impose where the p is harder. b as in buck. bh as in abhor. m as in mud. y as in loyal. r as in rub. ae 1 as in luck. v as in vigour. § as in ship. § as in sharp. s$ as in see. aa ae dd as eg oe 4 a Gag h as in hear. ‘When (_ sign is used below the consonant, is should be pronounced as half.a syllable., Ex. & = K_ PRA-Et6 VOWEL SIGNS (GUNITA'S) te tt J x = a a i i ew T Ee Oe) Ir e ai oO ou m hi SOM OR MS oy Ob Us (ka ki Ko km sok ke kr ay a oat & a Kir ke ~ kai. ko kau -karh kah 4 - This is not wide in usage. CONJUNCT CONSONANTS Two or more consonants joined without the intervention of vowels, make conjunct consonants. Ex: (+4 w+ OT + T+ Fo 4sy (+ ma = tma s+ na = sna t'+/r + ya = trya: Some more Conjunct consonants- ae a a aT ELE ww So kka grya vya dga sya tsa ewe ag rz tt ee kta’ gla vra_ dma gra tsna ay Tay coi a RO) 2 eh ktva gva Sca dya Sla- tsya PRAEL9 "28. fea asaft | Mitrarh yacchati = The friend gives. 29. FS @afe | Jalam sravati = The water oozes. 30. AL Fatt | Tat patati = It falls. EXERCISE (A) Give suitable Verbs to the following words selecting them from the above sentences. Ex. Pautrah = Grandson; Pautrah prechati. e |. Wldtte: Matamahah = Mother's father. .%aqe: Svasurah = Father-in-law. _ AIq@: Matulah = Maternal uncle. _ ffavae: Pitamahah = Father’s father. . Ya: Sutah = Son. afer: Dauhitrah = Daughter’s son. Tae: yal: Prapautrah = Son of a grandson. 9, %4%: Devarah = Husband’s brother. 10. Hast? Anujah = Yonger brother. 11, SMaTHe: Prapitamahah = Great grand father. fk WN Syalah = Brother-in-law. en ay Feminine words ending in a (M1) 1, feqeat Pitrvya = Patctnal aunt. 2. SI Snusd = Daughter-in-law. 3. WGA Bhratrjaja = Brother’s wife. (Sister-in-law) 4, wat Bharya = Wife. PRA-ESEo a Er a mg kna ghna $na dva . §va tva coe a q a i a kma _—_ghya cca dhya ska dda These conjuncts are given for practice. They will be firmly fixed in your mind through reading them again and again in the lessons. WORDS Words are formed by the combination of syllables. Ex. Seat ae: = walt devah atma balah pathati Some words are monosyllabic, i.e., one syllable forms a word- Ex. & Ri q sah kah ca SENTENCE A sentence is normaly formed by two or more words. Ex. ae: veld | aftat arate | Balah pathati. Sita gayati. 1, SENTENCES Third Person Present Tense : (Prathama Purusa in Samskrit) 1, 3Je: Taft | Balah pathati = The boy reads. 2. fara: aafe | Sisyah namati = The pupil salutes. PRA-EYEe 8 3. Wot: Taft | Agrajah vadati = The elder brother speaks. 4. StH: Zaft | Janakah pagyati = The father looks. 5. figea: alt Pitrvyah prechati= The paternal uncle asks. 6. Fat Taft | Putrah gacchati = The son goes. 7, Hea: TART |-Agvah dhavati = The horse runs. , 8. Fa walt \ Vrksah phalati = The tree bears fruits. 9, dae: FABLE | Sevakah tisthati = The servant stands. 10. Aras: stef | Bhiksukah atati = The beggar wanders. 11. a: fareft 1 Sah nindati = He censures. 12, 34 zat \ Ayarn hasati = This person laughs. 13. Sat Tafa | Amba pacatl = The mother cooks. 14. Stat Htsht | Anuja kridati = The younger sister plays. 15, Hae ATafet | Agraja khadati = The elder sister eats. 16. Gq: Aft | Sutah hasati = The son laughs. 17. Tt Taf | Rama gayati = Rama sings. 18. ater feraft | Bala likhati'- The girl writes. 19, THT Aeft | Ganga vahati = Ganges flows. 20. Hat frat 1 sita pibati = Sita drinks. 21, aT Te | Aja carati = The she-goat grazes. 22. araT Wale | Sandhya bhavati = It is evening. 23. a aafe 1 sa nayati = She leads. 24, By Pott \ Iyam icchati = This lady wants. 25. 98 fraaft | Pusparh vikasati = The flower blooms. 26. %e Taft | Phalarn patati - The fruit falls. 27. Tat aR | Nayanamh sphurati = The eye throbs. PRA-ES10 (B) Answer the following questions - (Ex. &: aaa? - fiter: vate 1) a: vata? a Tee? am: orefa? am arate? a Tae? == ar arefa? ar fafa? mt Tafa? f fraate: fe eqefa? (& = Who (masculine), aT = Who (feminine), f& = Which, what (neuter)] NOTE Here the question is ®t Yafdt? As Fi is in masculine gender the answer should also be in masculine gender, Ex. Wat: Volt, ate: walt etc., The same way, when I? is used the answer should be in feminine gender and neuter gender when faq? is used. Ex. Weft? = wqur aaft | Rae ws waft) NOTE 1. The word that denotes the name of a Hen or things is called noun. Ex. TWe%:, Atal, FEAL, ete 2. Nouns (pronouns also) are in three genders as masculine, feminine and neuter: 3. Nouns are in seven cases and three numbers singular, dual and plural. PRA-ELaa 4. Verbs are in three persons namely Prathamapurusa (IM Person). Madhyama-purusa (I-person) Uttama-purusa (I Person) and in three numbers- singular, dual and plural. 5. Gender does not often follow the meaning of the ~ object as in some other languages. Ex. JW: Vrksah = a tree , this is in the masculine. Gal Lata = a creeper, this is in the feminine. 6. — Singular number (Ekavacana) is used to denote one object and plural (Bahuvacana) is used to denote more ‘than two objects. In Samskrit Dual number (Dvivacana) is used to denote two objects. Ex. @e: #ft Balah kridati = A boy plays. alet Het: Balau kridatah - Two boys play. ater: sefet - Balah kridatah = Boys play. SPECIAL POINTS. The points noted here are of great significance and to be remembered. So spare five minutes more towards this lesson. Note the declension of the following words. ‘Singular Dual ~ Plural TRUTAG SE: ale: aret ae: (Masculine ending (A Boy) (Two Boys) - (Boys) in ‘a’ ATeRTea:) arent or: et ae Ae: (Feminine ending {A school) (Two Schools) (Schools) ‘a’ Mesa) PRA-E112 SENT AeT: TRL ae motte (Neuter ending (A fruit) ‘(Two Fruits) (Fruits) ‘a? Ge) VERB Present tense : (actarrate:) watt Yad: Tater Il Person (Reads) (Two read) (Read) (waAyeT:) I. ae, ASL, Ale: - These are the derivations of the Base ‘ale’. In the same way 3e, ae, Weq: are derived from ‘Te’ and ao, we, etl from ‘Ke Eventually a word must be understood to end in that letter which is the last letter of the Base. > For e.g. The Base @Te consists of letters. Y, AT, | PRA-ET and &. The: last letter of which is 3t. Similary, the Base 717 consists of A, MW, Zand A, the last letter is 817. So it follows that the former is STH - ending, while the latter SWE ending, And eo is ART ending. Like (Te all the IC - ending masculine words, like Mel all the STH - ending feminine words and like ‘Ker all the AHI - ending Neuter words are declined. Generally, verbs of the sentences given in these lessons are to be conjugated like Yéf@ in. Present Tense.13 4, Except FHS (Ht, Fat, TA) and Hee (HEA, ATA, AGA) (which will be dealt in the future lessons) all other Samskrit words take Ill Personal endings. No other persons employed. 2. RIDDLE - valet There are many enigmatic riddles in Samskrit which provide food for one’s intelligence. They are called ‘prahelikas’ in Samskrit. In this serial, such riddles in verse form are given. crfer afer faret afer arate Frgtes | afta weet eH SRL anfestt =a Asthi nasti Siro nasti bahurasti nirangulih Nasti padadvayam gadham angam alingati svayam Jt has neither bone nor head, has arm but no fingers, has no legs ‘and it hugs you tight. What is it? (Answer - See the last page) 3% COMPREHENSION aarafara: | (Under this serial some important points pertaining to Indian culture and history are given in brief. Try to know more details about them.) Vedas are four- Reveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda Each Veda has four parts. 1. eer 2. wT 3. ATH 4, sofa Further vedas are divided into HaAITS and AAA. PRA-Etfos 3 4. INTRODUCTION TO SAMSKRITA LITERATURE aenraaitaa: i (Under this title, a brief account of the Samskrit literature from vedic to the present times will be given.) Vedas are four- Rgveda lis most ancient literary treatise in the world. It is divided into 8 Astakas (group of eight chapters) and 10 Mandalas. Rgveda is mainly the veda of prayers. ot AT 27 t (Do not Play dice) FRY eq HET (Till the land), Such sayings of didactic nature are also _ weno - found in it. Yajurveda has two branches as Sukla Yajurveda and Krsna Yajurveda. Yajurveda contains mantras that are used in the rites of sacrifices. Taittiriya Upanisad belonging to Krsna Yajurveda, contains such well-known teachings as et ag, wd ae) (Speak the truth: Perform the religious duty.) 5. Fa afeary firez: afin ca: vive: aaft 1 ofverefivg wa: fre: aeraft 1 fire: aft. “oranit fraremneby Te “Sota: |” afesa: Rragertarh ya “aa! sa: Ex sft?” fire: safe! aa ga anfea? grat wary ow Wart Faq 1? equ: yer aeft- ‘Sa: ade afer | da: aero afeay | a: fared, oe ae 7 PRA-ET‘BUDDHIMAN SISYAH Kaginagare ekah Panditah vasati. Panditasamipamn ekah Sisyah agacchati. Sisyah -vadati. - ‘‘Acharya! Vidyabhyasartharn aharh agatah.”” Panditah Sisyabuddhipariksarthath prcchati- ‘‘Vatsa! Devah kutra ' asti?’’. Sisyah vadati- ‘‘Guro! devah kutra nasti? Krpaya bhavan eva samadhanarn vadatu’’ Santustah guruh vadati “Devah sarvatra asti. Devah sarvavyapi. Twarh buddhiman. Atah vidyabhyasartharm atraiva vasa.” A WISE STUDENT There is a scholar in Kasi. A student comes to him and says- “‘Teacher! I have come for study.” In order to test the wisdom of the student, the scholar asks-.‘“Dear boy! Where is God?” The student says- ‘“Teacher! Where does God not exist? Your kindself may please explain.” Being pleased the teacher says- “‘God is all-pervasive. You are wise. Hence, you stay here for study.” 6. SAMSKRIT SENTENCES OF DAILY USE Under this serial, Samskrit statements and idioms of daily use are given. Practice them in your house and use them with those who know samskrit. They become firmly rooted in your mind through daily use. Try to use them daily. Hello | = eft: a1 Salutations = 7HET | Good morning = Org | See you again = 94: Sava: | PRA-ET16 Good night = RT | Please = FUT | / Don’t worry = Rat Arey | Thanks = Taatet: | 7. SUBHASITAM - qarftaz. (For Memorisation) ae fia: wt aft qo ayaa | sarah F TTA FEI I Ayarh nijah paro veti ganana laghucetasim _ Udaracaritanam tu vasudhaiva kutumbakarm Consideration like ‘the is mine or he is another’s” occur only to the narrow-minded persons. To the broad- minded persons the whole world is a family. Please answer the question paper attached to the lessons and send it 1s the Convener’s address. Gases may be written on separate sheets of paper. (wefet - Answer = 3Ae Shirt) He OK PRA-EY ia iye fag far searay, eget FT: TATA AERA PRAVESA (First Session) aya: We: - Prathamah Pathah beatae Bae Bee Seeeetee ven QUESTIONS 1. Write the Vowel series (Kagunita) of T and 4 (Ex. qT, mm, fit, aft ctc.) 2. Write the following in the Devanagari Script Nayanam, Devalayah, | Kamalarh i Venunadah, ‘Yamuna, Vighnah preganed ser edavewas me - 3, Translate the following into Samskrit- 5 a) A horse runs. (b) This man ibughs. = c) A flower blooms. (d) Friend gives. e) The younger sister plays. s 4, — Answer the following in Samskrit- 1m Poe? 2. aefa? 3. eae? 4. faate? 5. fe val? PRA-ETMoorea . Lc oe Bo SUC Coe Oe C6 A MH eserees Bearer dytcotossccessennororsseosphesanrgertasHpdgoHsesseRoetereid Bae PRINTED BOOK (Clause 128 of P.O. Guide, Part-1) From : CONVENER: Samskrit Through Correspondence ‘AKSHARAM’, 8th Cross, II Phase Girinagar, Bangalore-560 085 W()- I, B.- &R - Rooe PRAETA hie, Sm de bse ho hk ed hel nk donk mk PRINTEG BOO Ge 26 Gh.gGuide, part-1) afad, Reg No: 41408: PRAVE 4 SRI KANNAN f.K. HB-2/33, % PCL P.O.PETRO TOWNSHIP NAGOTHANE MAHARASHTRA = 402 CONVENOR SAMSKRIT THROUGH CORRESPONDENCE "AKSHARAM', 8TH GROSS, II PHASE -GIRINAGARA, BANGALORE - 560 085 PHONE : 6613052