Posoco Fras Feedback

Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS)
Implementation in Indian Grid
Pilot Project
Experience and Feedback
Power System Operation Corporation Ltd. (POSOCO)

National Load Despatch Centre
July, 2019
CONTENTS
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................................6

Key Statistics at a Glance (Period 26.11.18 to 26.05.19) ...................................................................................... 10
Chapter – 1: Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
1.2 Salient Features of FRAS......................................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter – 2: FRAS Providers............................................................................................................................................. 18
2.1 Details of FRAS Providers ...................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2 Special Cases ................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Chapter – 3: Implementation of FRAS .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.1. Analysis of technical data for FRAS scheduling ........................................................................................... 21
3.2. Ramping Details of Hydro Stations ................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter-4: Scheduling and Despatch of FRAS on Five minute basis................................................................ 23
4.1. FRAS software application.................................................................................................................................... 23
4.2.Data exchange with RLDCs for despatch of FRAS ........................................................................................ 23
Chapter – 5: FRAS Despatch.............................................................................................................................................. 25
5.1 Triggering Cues .......................................................................................................................................................... 25
5.1.1 Hour Boundary Frequency Variations ..................................................................................................... 25
5.1.2 Sudden Variations in Demand ..................................................................................................................... 25
5.1.3. Ramp Management ......................................................................................................................................... 26
5.1.4 Anticipated Congestion .................................................................................................................................. 27
5.1.5 Effect of generation from Renewable resources.................................................................................. 27
5.2 Availability of Margin............................................................................................................................................... 28
5.3. SCADA Visualization in Real Time ..................................................................................................................... 29
5.4 FRAS Instructions ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
5.5 Region –wise FRAS Up/Down Energy Despatch .......................................................................................... 30
5.6 Response of FRAS Providers to FRAS Instructions ..................................................................................... 33
Chapter – 6: Case Studies for FRAS Implementation .............................................................................................. 36
6.1 FRAS Despatch on 09th Decmber,2018 ........................................................................................................... 36
6.2 FRAS Despatch on 19th February,2019 ........................................................................................................... 37
6.3.FRAS Despatch on 04th March,2019 ................................................................................................................. 37
6.4. FRAS Despatch on 16th April,2019 ................................................................................................................... 38
Chapter – 7: FRAS Accounting & Settlement.............................................................................................................. 39
7.1 NLDC Communication to FRAS providers ....................................................................................................... 39
7.2. FRAS Statement Published by RPCs.................................................................................................................. 40
7.3. Day Wise and Plant Wise Mark Up Paid ......................................................................................................... 42
FRAS Implementation in Indian Grid: Pilot Project Experience and Feedback Page 2 of 60
Chapter 8: Status of five minute meter and meter data processing software .............................................. 43
8.1 Status of Five Minute SEM Meter ........................................................................................................................ 43
8.2 Upgradation oF Meter Data processing (MDP) software .......................................................................... 43
Chapter 9: Key Learnings From the Pilot .................................................................................................................... 44
9.1 A layer of Centralized Despatch over De-Centralized Despatch (Larger Balancing Area)......... 44
9.2 Improved Frequency Profile ................................................................................................................................ 44
9.3 First time 5-minute scheduling, despatch, accounting and settlement .............................................. 47
9.4 Ramp Management .................................................................................................................................................. 47
9.5 Real Time Congestion Management .................................................................................................................. 47
9.6 Freedom and Choice available to states retained ........................................................................................ 47
9.7 All constraints honoured in FRAS despatch .................................................................................................. 48
9.8 Communication between FRAS Providers and NLDC ................................................................................ 48
Chapter 10: Stakeholder Consultations ....................................................................................................................... 49
10.1. Consultation with Hydro generator on implementation aspects ...................................................... 49
10.2 FRAS status update in Forum of Regulators ................................................................................................ 49
10.3 FRAS status update in Forum of Load Despatchers ................................................................................. 49
Chapter 11: Challenges ....................................................................................................................................................... 50
11.1. Minimum threshold quantum despatched under FRAS ‘Up’ and ‘Down’ ....................................... 50
11.2. Need for Robust Forecasting & Avaliblity Declaration by Hydro Station....................................... 50
11.3. Lead Time for Communication of Instructions ......................................................................................... 50
11.4. Regulation of Power Supply by FRAS providers ....................................................................................... 51
11.5. Reserves in Hydro plants.................................................................................................................................... 51
11.6. Handling Residual Energy .................................................................................................................................. 52
11.7. Primary Response ................................................................................................................................................. 54
11.8. Automation, IT Infrastructure and Manpower: ........................................................................................ 55
Chapter 12: Way forward .................................................................................................................................................. 56
12.1. Treatment for residual energy ......................................................................................................................... 56
12.2. Performance monitoring of Hydro station .................................................................................................. 57
12.3. Pilot to continue say another six months .................................................................................................... 57
12.4. National Pool Account Operationalization .................................................................................................. 57
12.5. Need for Hydro-Thermal Coordination ........................................................................................................ 57
12.6. Pumped Storage ..................................................................................................................................................... 58
12.7. Ramp Rate of FRAS providers .......................................................................................................................... 59
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................ 60
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Year on year All India hydro generation ................................................................................ 11
Figure 2: Northern Region Hydro Generation ........................................................................................ 12
Figure 3: Eastern Region Hydro Generation............................................................................................ 12
Figure 4: North Eastern Region Hydro Generation .............................................................................. 13
Figure 5: Southern Region Hydro Generation ........................................................................................ 13
Figure 6: Western Region Hydro Generation .......................................................................................... 14
Figure 7:All India Hydro Generation (3D plot) ....................................................................................... 16
Figure 8: Heat Map of All India Hydro Generation ................................................................................ 17
Figure 9: Data by tehri before FRAS implementation .......................................................................... 20
Figure 10: Revised Data by Tehri ................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 11: Chamera 1 technical details ..................................................................................................... 21
Figure 12: Ramp details of FRAS providers ............................................................................................. 22
Figure 13: Ramp rate in %/Minute ............................................................................................................. 22
Figure 14: Hour Boundary Frequency Variations ................................................................................. 25
Figure 15: National Level Load Forecast for a Sample Day ............................................................... 26
Figure 16: All India Demand Ramp/15-Minute Block Duration curve (2017-18) ................... 26
Figure 17: Market split in Power Exchange For a sample Day ......................................................... 27
Figure 18: Renewable forecasting for a sample day ............................................................................. 28
Figure 19: Balance Margin in Regulation Up For a Sample Day....................................................... 28
Figure 20: Balance Margin in Regulation Down For a Sample Day ................................................ 29
Figure 21: Real Time SCADA Monitoring of FRAS ................................................................................. 29
Figure 22: Block Wise FRAS Despatch (Nov'18 to May'19) .............................................................. 30
Figure 23: Region Wise FRAS Despatch .................................................................................................... 31
Figure 24: FRAS Up,Down, Counter Instruction Details ..................................................................... 32
Figure 25:Plant wise FRAS instruction ...................................................................................................... 32
Figure 26: Sample Response of NJPC.......................................................................................................... 33
Figure 27: Sample response of Rampur .................................................................................................... 33
Figure 28: Sample response of Chamer1 .................................................................................................. 34
Figure 29: Sample responceof Kopili.......................................................................................................... 34
Figure 30:FRAS Despatch on 09th December,2018 ............................................................................... 36
Figure 31:FRAS Despatch on 19th February,2019 ............................................................................... 37
Figure 32:FRAS Despatch on 04th March,2019 ..................................................................................... 37
Figure 33:FRAS Despatch on 16th April,2019 ........................................................................................ 38
Figure 34: Sample NRPC FRAS statement ................................................................................................ 40
Figure 35: Sample ERPC FRAS statement ................................................................................................. 41
Figure 36: Sample NERPC FRAS statement.............................................................................................. 41
Figure 37:Plant wise incentive...................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 38: Day wise Mark for FRAS Up & Down .................................................................................... 42
Figure 39: Improvement in Frequency ...................................................................................................... 45
Figure 40: Frequency excursion above 50Hz .......................................................................................... 46
Figure 41: Frequency Excursion Below 49.97 Hz.................................................................................. 46
Figure 42:Daily energy left for sqaure off ................................................................................................. 53
Figure 43: Plant wise energy left for sqaure off ..................................................................................... 53
Figure 44: Primary response of Dulhasti .................................................................................................. 54
Figure 45:Primary response of NJPC .......................................................................................................... 55
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: List of FRAS providers .................................................................................................................... 18
Table 2:Sample file for 5-min block despatch ......................................................................................... 39
Table 3:Sample File 15-min time block MW despatch ........................................................................ 40
Table 4: Plant wise cost of balance energy............................................................................................... 56
LIST OF ANNEXURE
Annexure 1: Technical Parameters submitted by FRAS providers…………………………………61
Annexure 2: Detailed overview of FRAS software application ……………….…………………......82
Annexure 4: Gist of Discussion in Consultation Meeting for Implementation of FRAS…...90
Annexure 5: NLDC Communication on FRAS highlights to CERC…………………………………135
Annexure 6: National Energy Account & National Deviation Pool Account………………….138
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
“गङ्गेच यमुने चैव गोदावरी सरस्वति ।

नममदा तसन्धु कावेरी जलेऽतस्मन् संतनधधं कु रु ॥ “
Hydropower has a well-established role in the energy sector. In a large grid like India,
the flexibility rendered by hydro generators viz. overload capability, fast ramping &
peaking support etc. has immense value for reliable, secure and economic grid operation.
As the Renewable Energy penetration increases and markets become more prevalent,
hydropower is going to play an increasingly important role in the future electricity market
in India.
The importance of flexible attributes of the hydro generation for providing regulation
services was recognized by the Central Commission and therefore, directed the
implementation of pilot project for Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS) covering all
Central sector hydro generating stations in July, 2018. Additionally, 05-minute metering
was also envisaged as part of the pilot so as to utilize hydro generation for provision of
Ancillary Services.
The regulatory framework for the FRAS pilot mandated that all constraints declared by
the hydro stations shall be honoured. The total energy delivered over the day would be
maintained as declared by the respective hydro station. The schedules of the beneficiaries
would not be disturbed in the despatch of FRAS. An incentive would be paid from the
Deviation Settlement Mechanism (DSM) Pool on mileage basis at the rate of 10 paise per
kWh both for ‘up’ and ‘down’ regulation provided by the hydro station.
FRAS was implemented from 26th November,2018. A total of 20 hydro generating

stations with pondage/storage facility totalling to 8624 MW generation capacity
participated in the FRAS pilot project. In Chapter – 2, various details pertaining to plant
characteristics and constraints provided by the hydro generators participating in FRAS
pilot have been outlined. In Chapter-3, the various measures to take care of constraints
arising out of vibration zone/cavitation zone and ramping capabilities of the hydro plants
have been mentioned.
In order to implement FRAS, in-house development of software application and

interfacing was undertaken at NLDC/RLDCs. The key datasets such as region, time-block
wise available margin for Up/Down FRAS, duration for despatch etc. available through the
software application were utilized by the system operators for FRAS Up/Down despatch.
Chapter – 4 provides a detailed overview of the software application and associated
functionalities.
The FRAS despatch process takes into account a number of factors which are
considered by the system operators such as hourly boundary frequency variations, sudden
variations in demand, ramp management, grid contingency and renewable variation.
In the November, 2018 – May, 2019 period, around 538 FRAS Up, 6788 FRAS Down
instructions were issued. A total of 9.4 MU and 43.7 MU energy was despatched in FRAS
Regulation Up and Down respectively. The maximum power despatched in a 05-minute
time-block was 637 MW and 1275 MW in FRAS Regulation Up and Down respectively. The
maximum energy in the Regulation ‘Up’ FRAS has been despatched in NR Region followed
by NER. Region and ER Region. It reflects the higher number of reservoir/pondage hydro
generation plants having balance energy for FRAS despatch in these regions. The plant-
wise, region-wise and block wise FRAS despatch during November, 2018 – May, 2019 has
been depicted in Chapter – 5. The response of FRAS providers towards despatch
instructions has also been illustrated. It is observed that, generally, FRAS Providers are
following the FRAS instructions given by the system operators. The specific case studies for
despatch of FRAS under different system conditions have been detailed in Chapter- 6.
The respective Regional Power Committee (RPCs) issues the weekly accounts for FRAS
along with the weekly DSM and Reserve Regulation Ancillary Services (RRAS) Accounts.
The FRAS accounts mention the FRAS Up/Down Energy, Mileage, Incentive and Total
Charges. The total incentive paid to FRAS providers in the November, 2018 – May, 2019
period totalled to around Rupees Fifty Three Lakhs which includes Rupees Nine Lakhs
Forty Thousand and Rupees Forty Three Lakhs Sixty Five Thousand for FRAS Up and Down
respectively. Chapter- 7 elaborates the day-wise and plant-wise incentive amount paid
from the DSM Pool.
Five-minute metering covering hydro stations in NR, ER and NER as well as thermal
stations with AGC installations in all five regions was envisaged to gain experience for
formulation / refinements of Technical specifications and Software Requirement
Specifications for Metering Software at RLDCs and Accounting Software at RPCs for
5-minute metering. Monitoring performance of the plants through 05-minute metering was
envisaged by the Central Commission as present interface meters give only 15 minute
energy. It has been informed by CTU that 05-minute Interface Energy Meters are still under
development stage and manufacturer is unable to supply as per the technical specifications
within the stipulated timeframe. The Technical Specifications for Interface Energy Meters
for Pilot Project on 05-Minute Scheduling Metering, Accounting and Settlement for
Thermal/Hydro has been discussed in Chapter- 8.
The key learnings which have been elaborated in Chapter – 9 include introduction of
fast tertiary response in India, layer of centralized fast response ancillary despatch (from
regional to national level) over decentralized layer of scheduling process, first time 5-
minute scheduling, despatch, accounting and settlement, customised FRAS software
solution developed in-house, optimization of hydro generation, improved handling of
frequency spikes, benefits to stakeholders – hydro generators & state utilities, freedom and
choice available to states retained, low cost of implementation, all constraints honoured in
FRAS despatch and information dissemination.
There were certain challenges, detailed in Chapter – 11, encountered in the FRAS
implementation such as minimum threshold quantum to be despatched under FRAS ‘up’
and ‘down’, need for robust forecasting & availability declaration by hydro station, lead
time for communication of instructions, regulation of power supply by FRAS providers,
dilemma of reserves in hydro plants, handling residual energy, primary response,
automation, information technology infrastructure and manpower requirements.
During the FRAS pilot, difficulties were faced in the squaring off of the despatched FRAS
energy due to various reasons. Hence, there is a need for suitable treatment of the residual
energy left for settlement with the DSM pool. Some suggestions have been outlined in
Chapter – 12 for the consideration of the Commission.
RRAS, FRAS and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) are despatched at National Level.
But the settlement is done at regional level. In case of deficit in one regional DSM pool for
payment to RRAS providers, transfer of funds from surplus regional DSM pool to Deficit
regional pool takes place. Such provision is not available for settlement of FRAS and AGC
accounts. The circular flow of DSM settlement in inter regional accounts adds to complexity
besides delay by design. Recently, pilot on Security Constrained Economic Despatch (SCED)
was implemented w.e.f 01st April,19. All the settlement of SCED is carried out at national
level through National Pool Account (SCED). In order to streamline and expedite the
settlement process, there is urgent need for operationalization of National Pool.
Grid operators need to be equipped with tools and procedures to operate the power
system in a reliable and stable manner over a continuum of time that ranges from a fraction
of a second to years into the future. The suite of instruments collectively referred to as
“ancillary services”, support balancing of the supply and demand in the real time. In
conclusion, with the experience gained through 06-month pilot project, FRAS has emerged
as a valuable tool for the system operators.
As this pilot was operationalized in the lean period, there is a need to understand the
utilization of FRAS during high hydro season and thereafter, when the reservoirs are full
and plants are ready to vary their generation based on the requirement of grid. Further,
installation and commissioning of 05-minute metering is yet to be completed by CTU.
Therefore, the pilot may be extended for another six months for deeper insights.
KEY STATISTICS AT A GLANCE (PERIOD 26.11.18 TO 26.05.19)
 Implementation Start Date: 26th November, 2018

 Nodal Agency: NLDC through RLDCs
 Number of Providers: 20 Nos. Pondage/Storage ISGS hydro stations
(74 Units having size of 25 MW to 250 MW)
o Northern Region - 13 Nos.
o Eastern Region - 2 Nos.
o North-Eastern Region - 5 Nos.
 Installed Capacity of Providers: 8624 MW
o Northern Region- 7599 MW
o Eastern Region – 570 MW
o North-Eastern Region- 455 MW
 Regulation Up Instruction (26.11.18 - 26.05.19)
o Number of Instructions Issued: 538 Nos.
o Energy Despatched: 9.4 MU
o Average Energy Despatched per Day: 0.05 MU/day
o Maximum Power Despatched in a Time-block: 637 MW
 Regulation Down Instruction (26.11.18 - 26.05.19)
o Number of Instructions Issued: 6788 Nos.
o Energy Regulated Down: 43.7 MU
o Average Energy Regulated Down per Day: 0.2 MU
o Maximum Power Regulated Down in a Time-block: 1275 MW
 Average Daily Number of Instructions: 3. Nos.
 Incentive Paid from the DSM Pool on Mileage Basis
o Regulation Up: ₹ 9.40 Lakh
o Regulation Down: ₹ 43.65 Lakh
 The percentage of time frequency remaining within the IEGC mandated band, in those
time blocks when FRAS was despatched, increased by 6%.
 The percentage of time frequency remaining above the IEGC mandated band, in those
time blocks when FRAS was despatched, decreased by 7%.
CHAPTER – 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The Commission vide order dated 13th October, 2015 in Petition no 11/SM/2015 charted a
roadmap for operationalization of generation reserves in the country. It was envisaged that
each region should maintain primary, secondary and tertiary reserves. In so far as tertiary
control is concerned, the Commission introduced Reserves Regulation Ancillary Services
(RRAS) in August, 2015. RRAS is primarily a framework for slow tertiary reserves at the
ISTS level operationalized by National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) in coordination with
Regional Load Despatch Centres (RLDCs).
The total present installed capacity of hydropower stations is 45 GW comprising of 15,658

MW regional entity hydropower stations (the balance being intra-state stations). Based on
plant type, the regional entity hydro stations comprise of 3766 MW Storage type, 5678 MW
pondage type and 6214 MW run-of-the-river type. All India hydro generation since 2006-
07 is shown in Figure-1. The regional hydro generation pattern since 2006-07 is depicted
in figure-2,3,4,5 & 6 for North, East, North East, South and West respectively.
FIGURE 1: YEAR ON YEAR ALL INDIA HYDRO GENERATION
FIGURE 2: NORTHERN REGION HYDRO GENERATION
FIGURE 3: EASTERN REGION HYDRO GENERATION
FIGURE 4: NORTH EASTERN REGION HYDRO GENERATION
FIGURE 5: SOUTHERN REGION HYDRO GENERATION
FIGURE 6: WESTERN REGION HYDRO GENERATION
The Report on Operational Analysis for Optimization of Hydro Resources & facilitating
Renewable Integration in India by the Forum of Load Despatchers (FOLD) recommended
utilization of the hydro generation for provision of Ancillary Services. Hydro generating
stations are capable of providing fast ramping capability and they can be gainfully utilized
for regulation services to meet the system requirements.
The formulation under Reserve Regulation Ancillary Services (RRAS), introduced in

April, 2016, is based on fixed charges, variable charges and a pre-specified mark-up. This
needed to be redesigned for hydro stations in view of the following:
(a) Hydro stations are “energy limited resources” unlike the thermal stations (coal
based) which are “ramp limited resources”
(b) Hydro stations are also subject to limitations/constraints in terms of water inflows
as well as the quantum of water that can be released based on reasons other than power
generation requirements
(c) CEA (Technical Standards for Connectivity to the Grid) Regulations, 2007 and CEA
(Technical Standards for Connectivity to the Grid) Regulations, 2013 mention the
following:
“All generating machines irrespective of capacity shall have electronically controlled

governing system with appropriate speed/load characteristics to regulate frequency. The
governors of thermal generating units shall have a droop of 3 to 6% and those of hydro
generating units 0 to 10%.”
Hydro stations can thus respond very quickly and much faster than thermal/gas stations or
in other words, these are more suitable for handling sharp changes/fluctuations such as
those observed at the hour boundary.
(d) The marginal cost for hydro generation is ‘zero’ and the segregation of fixed and
variable charges in case of hydro is only notional.
The model of RRAS which relied on payment of fixed charges, variable charges and
incentive was found to be incompatible for hydro stations. In view of the special
characteristics mentioned above, the flexibility and fast response provided by
storage/pondage hydro could be harnessed under a framework of Fast Response Ancillary
Services (FRAS) for providing frequency regulation service. Thus, the Commission
recognized that FRAS from hydro stations may be used primarily for ‘regulation service’
from storage/pondage based hydro stations (e.g. to handle the hour boundary frequency
spikes). The 3-D plot for All India Hydro Generation for FY 2018-19 is given in Figure-7.
With increasing quantum of renewable penetration, FRAS can also act as a mechanism to
handle the intermittency caused by RE. The Heat map showing the All India Hydro
generation is shown in Figure-8.
Accordingly, the Commission vide order in Petition No. 07/SM/2018 (Suo-Motu) dated 16th
July, 2018 directed the implementation of pilot project for FRAS covering all Regional
Entity hydro generating stations which would help in gaining experience in regard to FRAS.
Additionally a pilot on 05-minute metering is also envisaged as part of the pilot
implementation.
FIGURE 7:ALL INDIA HYDRO GENERATION (3D PLOT)
FIGURE 8: HEAT MAP OF ALL INDIA HYDRO GENERATION
1.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF FRAS

The salient features of FRAS are as follows:
 All constraints declared by the hydro stations are honoured.

 The total energy delivered over the day is maintained as far as possible, as declared
by the respective hydro station.
 The total energy dispatched under FRAS is attempted to be squared off by the end of
the day.
 FRAS instructions are triggered based on a stack prepared based on the balance
energy available in the hydro station.
 The schedules of the beneficiaries are not disturbed in the despatch of FRAS.
 The respective RPCs issue weekly FRAS accounts along with the RRAS accounts
based on the data provided to them by the RLDCs/NLDC.
 Incentive is paid from the DSM Pool on mileage basis at the rate of 10 paise per kWh
both for ‘up’ and ‘down’ regulation provided by the hydro station.
CHAPTER – 2: FRAS PROVIDERS
2.1 DETAILS OF FRAS PROVIDERS
As per the Commission order, all central sector hydro generating stations have been
mandated to provide FRAS. The details of FRAS providers are as follows:
TABLE 1: LIST OF FRAS PROVIDERS
Type (Storage
S.No Name Utility Region Installed Capacity (MW)
(S)/Pondage (P))
1 Chamera-II P 300
2 Chamera-I P 540
3 Chamera-III P 231
NHPC
4 Parbati III P 520
5 Sewa-II P 120
6 Dulhasti P 390
7 Naptha Jhakri* NR P 1500
SJVN
8 Rampur* P 412
9 Tehri S 1000
THDC
10 Koteshwar S 400
11 Koldam NTPC P 800
12 Pong BBMB S 396
13 Dehar R/P 990
14 Kopili S 200
15 Kopili-II S 25
NEEPCO
16 Khandong NER S 50
17 Doyang S 75
18 Loktak NHPC S 105
19 Teesta-V R 510
NHPC ER
20 Rangit R/P 60
Total 8624
*For Tandem hydro stations like Nathpa-Jhakri & Rampur, FRAS instruction would be given
simultaneously
The FRAS providers submitted the following details to facilitate despatch:

 Total Installed Capacity (MW) :
 Number of Generating Units :
 Capacity of each unit (MW)
 Type of Plant (RoR, Pondage or Reservoir)
 Start time for each unit (Standstill to Synchronization of unit to grid) (in minutes)
 Value (Cumecs/MW) used for declaring MWh capability.
 Minimum load at which unit can stably run after synchronization – Unit wise (P1)
(in MW)
 Forbidden zones or high cavitation zones - Unit-wise (From MW to MW) - P2 to P3
 Maximum loading possible on unit (continuous) (P4)
 Unit-wise Cumecs/MW for P, P1,P2,P3 and P4 generation level as well as Cumecs
from standstill to synchronization.
 Water Usage/Requirement (in Cumecs) at No Load
 Maximum possible Ex-bus injection (MW) (including overload if any):
 Fixed Cost (paise / kWh upto one decimal place):
 Variable Cost (paise / kWh upto one decimal place):
 Ramp-Up Rate (MW/Min) for each unit:
 Ramp-Down Rate (MW/Min) for each unit:
 Numbers of units which can be started simultaneously or is it sequential operation
 Requirement of Tandem Operation of the Plant (If Yes, with which plant and details)
2.2 SPECIAL CASES
 Bairasuil power station (3 x 60 MW) of NHPC has been excluded due to renovation &
maintenance works during October, 2018 and April, 2019. The Plant was restored on
10th June, 2019, however due to spilling from the reservoir the plant was excluded from
FRAS.
 During the stakeholder consultation meeting held at NLDC on 31st October, 2018, Tehri
submitted their machine details (Figure-9) and accordingly the FRAS instructions were
being issued. Later they revised their technical details in view of low reservoir level which
lead to lower generation capability of the units. With revised parameters (Figure-10) less
margin was available for despatch under FRAS in Tehri.
FIGURE 9: DATA BY TEHRI BEFORE FRAS IMPLEMENTATION
FIGURE 10: REVISED DATA BY TEHRI
CHAPTER – 3: IMPLEMENTATION OF FRAS
3.1. ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL DATA FOR FRAS SCHEDULING
Normally hydro stations are scheduled either up to the maximum capacity or the technical
minimum capacity. A detailed study was carried out. Technical data of all the FRAS
providers were collected and studied (Annexure-1). After detailed study, it was decided
that the hydro station shall be schedule above the vibration zone (P2 TO P3) and below the
installed capacity (P) of the plant. Overload capacity above “P” shall be available for
primary response by the generator. During FRAS down instruction, plant may get schedule
at P3 which is just above the vibration zone then there may be chance that if frequency
rises further, governor of the machine may try to reduce the generation of the hydro unit
below P3. This may lead to unit entering the vibration zone inadvertently and may affect
the unit performance. In order to address units entering vibration zone, it was decided that
plant shall always receive FRAS down instruction 5% above the vibration zone. The sample
details of Chamera-I which has installed capacity of 540 MW and unit size of 180 MW each
is illustrated in Figure-11.The details of other FRAS providers is given in Annexure-1.
FIGURE 11: CHAMERA 1 TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.2. RAMPING DETAILS OF HYDRO STATIONS
The Ramp Up and Ramp Down details of Hydro station participated in the FRAS was also
studied to avoid any ramp related constraints in implementation of FRAS. The ramp
Up/Down details of hydro station is given in figure-12 & 13. As seen from the figure, while
most stations have same ramp Up & ramp Down rates, some of the stations have declared
different rates also.
FIGURE 12: RAMP DETAILS OF FRAS PROVIDERS
As per the data submitted by FRAS providers, Most of the hydro generators are able to
maximize the generation within one minute which needs to be checked during the real time
operation for better system operation.
FIGURE 13: RAMP RATE IN %/MINUTE
CHAPTER-4: SCHEDULING AND DESPATCH OF FRAS ON FIVE
MINUTE BASIS
4.1. FRAS SOFTWARE APPLICATION
In order to implement FRAS, in-house development of software application, meant for use
by the NLDC system operators, was carried out. This application shows the block wise
available margin for Up/Down FRAS, sorted on the balance energy. There is also an option
available to despatch FRAS in a specific region (by default all the three regions are
selected). The option for including or excluding specific hydro generating station is also
available for exceptional circumstances (by default all power stations are selected). The
FRAS instructions (Up/Down) are given for short durations upto a maximum of 3-4 time
blocks of 05-minutes each. Through FRAS, first time 5-minute scheduling and despatch has
been carried out in India.
The system operator, as per the prevailing and forecasted system conditions, gives the
‘up’/’down’ instruction with start time and end time of despatch, along with quantum of
FRAS instruction. Efforts are made to maintain the total energy generated over the day as
declared by the hydro station. The FRAS instruction is given at least 10-15 minutes in
advance of the despatch time. During the initial phase, immediately after giving the FRAS
instructions, a telephonic call to the RLDCs & the hydro stations was also made to alert
them about the FRAS instruction. Efforts are made to give the inverse/counter instruction
also in quick succession so as to attempt for squaring off the energy. This is also important
to ensure that enough reserve is available for the next FRAS despatch.
4.2.DATA EXCHANGE WITH RLDCS FOR DESPATCH OF FRAS
Continuous information exchange takes place with the scheduling software at the RLDCs,
where finally the schedules for despatch under FRAS are to be incorporated and issued.
5-minute schedules are aggregated to 15-minute schedules so as to align with the existing
scheduling methodology. The following data exchange is being carried out on a 15-minute
time block wise basis between NLDC & the RLDCs:
 Declared Energy
 Schedule energy (cumulative up to current 15 minute time block)
 Balance energy= Declared Energy - Schedule Energy (Cumulative)
 Block wise MW schedule.
 Block wise available margin in MW
Based on the information from the RLDCs, possible FRAS regulation up and possible FRAS
regulation down are computed and made available to the NLDC operators. The quantum of
available margin available for dispatch under FRAS is accordingly computed and a
projection is displayed to the operators.
Instructions issued by NLDC are converted into FRAS schedules which are directly sent to
FRAS providers from NLDC through e-mail. The hydro station and coordinator of each
FRAS providers also receive the alert SMS for better coordination. The FRAS providers
receive email that consists of 5 and 15 minute time block FRAS schedule. The
corresponding 5 and 15 minute schedules are sent to the respective RLDCs also for
information and coordination purpose. The FRAS instructions are issued for the running
units. FRAS instructions are given only on the running units and new units are not
synchronised.
On some occasions in real time, contingencies arise for the FRAS providers which limit the
FRAS despatch. If any FRAS instructions are issued and any plant is not able to implement
the same due to technical difficulty or due to delay in receipt of FRAS instruction, then they
used to inform NLDC. After analysing the difficulty/problem the FRAS instructions are
revised by NLDC. Fast Communication between NLDC, RLDCs and FRAS Providers is thus
critical for dispatch of FRAS. Moreover, before sending the final FRAS schedule to
respective RPCs for accounting, FRAS schedules are reconciled with the generator by
sending the final schedule to respective FRAS providers and requesting to inform any
discrepancy within a specified time frame.
A detailed overview of the software application is enclosed at Annexure – 2.
CHAPTER – 5: FRAS DESPATCH
5.1 TRIGGERING CUES
The FRAS despatch process takes into account a number of factors which are considered by
the system operators as mentioned below:
5.1.1 HOUR BOUNDARY FREQUENCY VARIATIONS
Generally, it is observed that during hourly boundary, there is sharp spike in frequency for
very short periods of time (Figure 14). Hydro is a fast responding resource and would help
to arrest the frequency spike in the power system. Based on frequency pattern, FRAS
instructions are given just before the hourly boundary for a short duration (say 10 mins.).
FRAS instructions help to contain the frequency within the IEGC band of 49.90 – 50.05 Hz.
FIGURE 14: HOUR BOUNDARY FREQUENCY VARIATIONS
5.1.2 SUDDEN VARIATIONS IN DEMAND
NLDC and the RLDCs are carrying out load forecasting on a region-wise and all –India basis
for every 15 minutes. This forecast provides information to system operator about the
likely variations in demand in the grid. With this forecasted data, system operator can
remain vigilant and take pre-emptive action, for example to meet the ramping
requirements during morning/evening peak hour. Load forecast for a sample day is shown
in Figure – 15.
FIGURE 15: NATIONAL LEVEL LOAD FORECAST FOR A SAMPLE DAY
5.1.3. RAMP MANAGEMENT
The ramp rates during peak hours have been observed to touch 500-600 MW/minute for
about 40-45 minutes. All India Ramp rate for financial year 2017-2018 is given in figure-16.
Earlier, the ramp management was being done by moderating the schedule of some
generating stations especially hydro stations. Implementation of FRAS has provided an
additional tool for ramp/spike management during peak hours. The role of ramp
management would become more important with the large scale integration of renewables
in near future.
FIGURE 16: ALL INDIA DEMAND RAMP/15-MINUTE BLOCK DURATION CURVE (2017-18)
5.1.4 ANTICIPATED CONGESTION
The Power Exchange prices discovered for the next day (Figure – 17) provide an indication
in advance on a day-ahead basis regarding the likely occurrence of congestion on the next
day. A market split in the Power Exchange indicates the areas upstream and downstream of
the congested corridor. The trend of prices also indicates the likely demand in the
particular areas for e.g. high prices in North indicate a high demand and likely
consequential lesser availability of reserves in the region. A reverse scenario is likely when
the prices are low. During the time block where there is high price it is expected to have
high flow in inter-regional corridor. FRAS Up can be despatched for one or two time block
in downstream of the congested region and can be squared off when there is no congestion
or market split.
FIGURE 17: MARKET SPLIT IN POWER EXCHANGE FOR A SAMPLE DAY
5.1.5 EFFECT OF GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES
NLDC as well as RLDC system operators monitor the trend of renewable. Daily forecast of
renewables is done in all RLDCs (Figure - 18). Net demand is also monitored which is the
total demand in the system minus wind and solar generation. In case of sudden
variation/tripping of solar or wind generation, FRAS can be despatched for system security
to compensate the generation loss. FRAS can be withdrawn after implementation of RRAS.
FIGURE 18: RENEWABLE FORECASTING FOR A SAMPLE DAY
5.2 AVAILABILITY OF MARGIN
The availability of margin for despatch under FRAS is also monitored by the operators
based on the information available from the following information. The balance energy is
computed as difference between Declared Energy and Schedule Energy (Cumulative). A
sample of the projected margin available at the disposal of the system operator for dispatch
under FRAS is shown below in Figures – 19 & 20.
FIGURE 19: BALANCE MARGIN IN REGULATION UP FOR A SAMPLE DAY
FIGURE 20: BALANCE MARGIN IN REGULATION DOWN FOR A SAMPLE DAY
5.3. SCADA VISUALIZATION IN REAL TIME
The information pertaining to FRAS providers are been made available to the operators in
the real time SCADA system, where the current information is being displayed (Figure –
21).
FIGURE 21: REAL TIME SCADA MONITORING OF FRAS
5.4 FRAS INSTRUCTIONS
In the November, 2018 – May, 2019 period, around 45 FRAS Up, 423 FRAS Down and 1143
inverse or counter instructions were issued. The block wise RRAS despatch during
November, 2018 – June, 2019 period is shown in Figure - 22.
 Regulation Up Instruction (26.11.18 - 26.05.19)

o Energy Despatched: 9.4 MU
o Average Energy Despatched per Day: 0.05 MU
o Maximum Power Despatched in a Time-block: 637 MW
 Regulation Down Instruction (26.11.18 - 26.05.19)
o Energy Regulated Down: 43.7 MU
o Average Energy Regulated Down per Day: 0.2 MU
o Maximum Power Regulated Down in a Time-block: 1275 MW
FIGURE 22: BLOCK WISE FRAS DESPATCH (NOV'18 TO MAY'19)
5.5 REGION –WISE FRAS UP/DOWN ENERGY DESPATCH
In the period November, 2018 – May, 2019, 9.4 MU has been despatched in Regulation ‘Up’
FRAS (Figure – 23) and 43.7 MU in Regulation ‘Down’ FRAS (Figure – 23). The maximum
energy in the Regulation ‘Up’ RRAS has been despatched in NR Region followed by NER
Region and ER Region. It reflects the higher number of reservoir/pondage hydro
generation plants having balance energy for FRAS despatch in these regions.
FIGURE 23: REGION WISE FRAS DESPATCH
Conversely, it also reflects that very less quantum of balance energy for FRAS despatch is
available in ER Region and therefore, any contingency in ER Region has to be met with
FRAS instruction in other regions subject to transmission constraints. The maximum
Regulation ‘Down’ FRAS energy has been done in hydro plants in NR Region followed by ER
Region and NER Region. For each FRAS Up/Down instruction counter instruction for
balance out energy is required. Day wise FRAS instruction details are given in Figure- 24.
Since some time the margin available for despatch of counter FRAS is less so subsequent
counter FRAS of longer period or multiple counter FRAS instructions are triggered.
Therefor more number of Counter or inverse FRAS can be seen in figure 24.
FIGURE 24: FRAS UP,DOWN, COUNTER INSTRUCTION DETAILS
The plant wise FRAS instruction is given in figure-25. Block wise FRAS despatched in plant is given
in Annexure-1.
FIGURE 25:PLANT WISE FRAS INSTRUCTION
5.6 RESPONSE OF FRAS PROVIDERS TO FRAS INSTRUCTIONS
It is observed that, generally, FRAS Providers are following the RRAS instructions given by
the Nodal Agency. The response from FRAS Providers NJPC, Rampur,Chamera-1,Kopili for
FRAS instructions for a sample day is depicted in Figures – 26 to 29 respectively.
FIGURE 26: SAMPLE RESPONSE OF NJPC
FIGURE 27: SAMPLE RESPONSE OF RAMPUR
FIGURE 28: SAMPLE RESPONSE OF CHAMER1
FIGURE 29: SAMPLE RESPONCEOF KOPILI
As generation regulation services move gradually from the present slow tertiary to fast
tertiary and therefrom to secondary regulation, speed of communication of instructions
from the load despatch centre to power plant and performance by the power plants would
assume greater importance. Monitoring performance through Energy Management System
(EMS) at RLDCs/NLDC would also assume far more importance as interface meters give
only 15 minute energy and MW behaviour. 05-minute metering was envisaged by the
Commission to monitor the performance of the plants. However, due to delay in
commissioning of the 05-minute meters by CTU, the performance monitoring and feedback
is not available.
CHAPTER – 6: CASE STUDIES FOR FRAS IMPLEMENTATION
The specific case studies for dispatch of FRAS under different system conditions are
deliberated in this section. For case study, the power number for Indian power system is
considered as 10000 MW/Hz.
6.1 FRAS DESPATCH ON 09TH DECMBER,2018
FIGURE 30:FRAS DESPATCH ON 09 TH DECEMBER,2018
FRAS down of 500 MW was implemented from 17:55 to 18:05 Hrs on 09th December, 2018
(Figure-30). Normally frequency rises during this hourly boundary. After despatch of FRAS
an improvement of 0.04 Hz was observed. During evening peak hours less margin was
available for square off FRAS despatch in positive direction. So, on 09th December, 2018
the FRAS energy was squared off by giving small quantum despatch for longer duration in
FRAS providers.
6.2 FRAS DESPATCH ON 19TH FEBRUARY,2019
FIGURE 31:FRAS DESPATCH ON 19TH FEBRUARY,2019
On 19th February’19 FRAS down of 963 MW was implemented from 17:55 Hrs to 18:05
Hrs (Figure-31). Due to despatch of FRAS an improvement for frequency of .09 Hz was
observed and thus it was possible to arrest the rise in frequency through FRAS without any
rescheduling of thermal or gas station. There was no change in beneficiary schedule AND
thus freedom and choice of state remain with them.
6.3.FRAS DESPATCH ON 04TH MARCH,2019
FIGURE 32:FRAS DESPATCH ON 04TH MARCH,2019
On 04th March,19, Frequency was around 49.87 Hz around 05:30 Hrs. FRAS Up instruction
of 429 MW was implemented (Figure-32). Frequency improved to 49.92 Hz and there was
improvement in frequency of 0.05 Hz. At 06:00 Hrs, frequency was on the higher side.
Counter instruction was given to square off from 05:55 Hrs to 06:10 Hrs. As the hydro units
are withdrawn after morning peak, only part of the energy could be squared off.
6.4. FRAS DESPATCH ON 16TH APRIL,2019
FIGURE 33:FRAS DESPATCH ON 16 TH APRIL,2019
On 16th April’19, FRAS down of 1275 MW was implemented from 17:50 Hrs to 18:05 Hrs to
handle hourly boundary frequency spike (Figure-33). Frequency improved from 50.18 Hz
to 50.05 Hz. There was improvement in frequency of 0.13 Hz.
CHAPTER – 7: FRAS ACCOUNTING & SETTLEMENT
In accordance with the CERC order in Petition No. 07/SM/2018 (Suo-Motu) dtd. 16th July,
2018 regarding implementation of pilot project for FRAS covering all Central sector hydro
generating stations, the respective Regional Power Committee (RPCs) is issuing the weekly
accounts for FRAS along with the weekly DSM and RRAS Accounts. All efforts are made so
that the total energy despatched under FRAS is squared off by the end of the day. The
incentive for FRAS is payable on mileage basis for ‘Up’ and ‘Down’ regulation provided by
hydro station. The amount of incentive is at the rate of 10 paise per kWh both for “up” and
“down” regulation provided by the hydro station.
7.1 NLDC COMMUNICATION TO FRAS PROVIDERS
NLDC provides 05-minute time block FRAS schedule of “up” and “down” regulation to RPCs
through RLDCs. RLDCs provide FRAS schedule to respective RPCs for calculation of
incentive along with implemented schedule. NLDC provide two files for mileage calculation
(i) 5-minute time block MW despatch(Table-2) (ii) 15-minute time block MW despatch
(Table-3). The sample file sent by NLDC to RPCs through RLDCs is given below.
Sample file for 5minute time block MW despatch
(+)Ve Value for ‘Up’ regulation/ (-) Ve Value for ‘Down’ regulation
TABLE 2:SAMPLE FILE FOR 5-MIN BLOCK DESPATCH
Sample file for 15minute time block MW despatch
(+)Ve Value for ‘Up’ regulation/ (-) Ve Value for ‘Down’ regulation
TABLE 3:SAMPLE FILE 15-MIN TIME BLOCK MW DESPATCH
7.2. FRAS STATEMENT PUBLISHED BY RPCS
The FRAS accounts mention the FRAS Up Energy, FRAS Down Energy, Mileage, Incentive
and Total Charges. The payments from/to the DSM pool are made accordingly. The sample
account issued by NRPC, ERPC and NERPC is given Figure-34 to 36 respectively.
FIGURE 34: SAMPLE NRPC FRAS STATEMENT
FIGURE 35: SAMPLE ERPC FRAS STATEMENT
FIGURE 36: SAMPLE NERPC FRAS STATEMENT
7.3. DAY WISE AND PLANT WISE MARK UP PAID
Based on the statement of RPCs FRAS account, respective RLDCs disburse the amount to
the FRAS providers. The Incentive is paid from the surplus available in respective regional
DSM pool account. The plant wise MarkUp/incentive paid is given in figure 37.
FIGURE 37:PLANT WISE INCENTIVE
The total incentive paid to FRAS providers from November,18 to May,19 was Rs 53 Lakhs.
For FRAS Up and Down Rs 9.4 Lakhs and Rs 43.7 Lakhs respectively was paid to the FRAS
providers. Day wise Mark-up paid for FRAS Up/Down is given in figure 38.
FIGURE 38: DAY WISE MARK FOR FRAS UP & DOWN
CHAPTER 8: STATUS OF FIVE MINUTE METER AND METER DATA
PROCESSING SOFTWARE
Honourable Commission directed to implement 5-minute metering covering hydro stations

in NR, ER and NER as well as thermal stations with AGC installations in all five regions to
gain experience which would help in formulation/refinements of Technical specifications
and Software Requirement Specifications (SRS) for Metering Software at RLDCs and
Accounting Software at RPCs for 5-minute metering.
8.1 STATUS OF FIVE MINUTE SEM METER
A discussion was held with CTU/POWERGRID at NLDC on 26th July,2018 regarding Technical
Specification for 5-minute Interface Energy Meters. Accordingly, technical specifications of 5-
minute Interface Energy Meters were prepared by POSOCO. The “Technical Specifications for
Interface Energy Meters, Automated Meter Reading System and Meter Data Processing for Inter
State System in Western Region”, approved in the 34thTCC/WRPC meeting held on 27-28 July,
2017 was used for preparation of specification and modified based on the requirement of Pilot
project. The Technical Specification for Interface Energy Meters for Pilot Project on 05-Minute
Scheduling Metering, Accounting and Settlement for Thermal/Hydro was sent to CTU/POWERGRID
on 07th August,2018. There was regular follow up with CTU through verbal communication and
email, a letter was also sent to CTU on 03rd January,2019 for providing the status of procurement
and installation of 5 minute interface meter.
Notification of award (NOA) was issued by CTU on 09th January,2019 with 12 weeks
completion time from the date of NOA i.e. upto 02nd April,2019. A meeting was held on 03rd
June,2019 with CTU/POWERGRID regarding status of procurement and installation of 5-minute
Interface Energy Meters. CTU informed that 5minute- Interface Energy Meters are still under
development stage and manufacturer is unable to supply as per the technical specifications within
the stipulated timeframe. POSOCO suggested that CTU may explore the possibilities of taking up
with other manufacturers on urgent basis.
8.2 UPGRADATION OF METER DATA PROCESSING (MDP) SOFTWARE
In order to process the converted data (.NPC file) of 5minute- Interface Energy Meters,
there was a need to upgrade the Meter Data processing (MDP) software used by RLDCs. Since the
development of meter is still under process the same could not be developed. MDP shall will be
developed after receipt of new meter.
CHAPTER 9: KEY LEARNINGS FROM THE PILOT
Spikes in frequency are observed on hourly boundary. Normal scheduling or re-despatch

can be carried out for minimum 15 minutes time block only, but the spikes in frequency
use to last for 5 to 10 minutes only. In order to maintain better frequency profile there is
need to handle these spikes. Fast responding reserves are required to handle this. In order
to complement the thermal station and get faster response both for increase or decrease in
generation, hydro station is required to be included in Ancillary services under FRAS. The
instruction are issued for two or three 5 minute block and 10 to 15 minutes before the start
of FRAS schedule so that this hourly spikes can be handled smoothly. Implementation of
Fast Response Ancillary Services has facilitated improved power system operations in
many ways which are briefly discussed below.
9.1 A LAYER OF CENTRALIZED DESPATCH OVER DE-CENTRALIZED DESPATCH

(LARGER BALANCING AREA)
Reserve Regulation Ancillary Services (RRAS) was implemented on 12th April,16. Thermal
and gas stations whose tariff is determined or adopted by the central commission was
mandated to participate in RRAS. The RRAS can be despatched in 15minute time block and
minimum implementation time is 16 minutes. With decentralized scheduling process RRAS
is acting as layer of centralized despatch for large area balancing. There was a need that
hydro stations which have high ramp capability and can change the generation with short
intimation shall be brought under Ancillary Services. FRAS was implemented in hydro
station of North, East and North-Eastern region hydro station from 26th November,18.
FRAS Up and Down instruction is triggered from NLDC with minimum 10 minutes before
implementation. FRAS is used to handle the sudden change in frequency in centralized
manner and acting as vital tool to system operator to handle imbalance at National level.
While implementing the FRAS, the freedom and choice of the state was not disturbed. All
the constraints declared by power station were honoured and implemented.
9.2 IMPROVED FREQUENCY PROFILE

Spike in frequency during hourly boundary can be controlled with station of high ramp
capability. FRAS is generally despatched for controlling these spike and counter
instructions are given to square off the energy. For the period 26th November,18 to 31st
May,19, the 5 minute time block where FRAS was despatched, it was observed that the
frequency remained 66% of the time within IEGC band, showing up an improvement of
6%. Similarly, 21% of time frequency was higher than 50.05 Hz, resulting an
improvement of 7% (Figure-39). After the implementation of FRAS, the number of
Frequency excursions above 50.00 Hz(Figure-40) and below 49.7 Hz (Figure-41) has also
reduced. However other regulatory measure like implementation of Deviation settlement
mechanism, 04th Amendment and Security Constrained Economic Despatch also got
implemented from 01st January,2019 and 01st April,2019 respectively and have also
contributed in improvement in frequency profile. The frequency curve without FRAS is
derived assuming All India FRC of 10000 MW/Hz.
FIGURE 39: IMPROVEMENT IN FREQUENCY
FIGURE 40: FREQUENCY EXCURSION ABOVE 50HZ
FIGURE 41: FREQUENCY EXCURSION BELOW 49.97 HZ
9.3 FIRST TIME 5-MINUTE SCHEDULING, DESPATCH, ACCOUNTING AND
SETTLEMENT
The importance of five minute scheduling was discussed in various FOR Technical
Committee meeting and also mentioned in NITI Aayog Report of the Expert Group on 175
GW by 2022.This is the first time instruction for FRAS are issued in 5-minute block wise
basis and plants were also following the 5minute block wise schedule. Accounting has been
calculation was carried out by the respective RPCs based on the 5-minute block wise FRAS
despatch.
9.4 RAMP MANAGEMENT

The ramp rates during peak hours have been observed to touch 500-600 MW/minute for
about 40-45 minutes. Earlier RLDCs used to regulate the hydro station so that the total
generation shall follow the load ramp. But after the implementation of FRAS the load ramps
are managed through despatch of FRAS in all the three region North, East and North-East.
The role of ramp management would become more important with the large scale
integration of renewables in near future.
9.5 REAL TIME CONGESTION MANAGEMENT

Hitherto, congestion in real time was being managed by application of Congestion charges
in accordance with the CERC Measures to relieve congestion in real time operations
Regulations 2009. In the process of application of congestion charges, all entities upstream
and downstream of the congested corridor are impacted. Implementation of ancillary
services (RRAS) has provided a mechanism for re-despatch of generation reserves before
imposing congestion charges. In case of congestion in NR-WR corridor, there is need to
increase the thermal generation in NR and reduce injection in WR. Since RRAS can be
despatched with minimum time of 16 minutes, FRAS can be despatched in the interim
duration till thermal/gas station start generating as per their revised schedule after
implementation of RRAS.
9.6 FREEDOM AND CHOICE AVAILABLE TO STATES RETAINED

For implementation of FRAS, the schedule of only FRAS providers was changed. The
schedule of the beneficiaries of FRAS providers was not changed thus State drawal
schedule was not affected due to despatch of FRAS. Thus freedom and choice of all the
beneficiaries was retained.
9.7 ALL CONSTRAINTS HONOURED IN FRAS DESPATCH

For smooth implementation of FRAS a detailed study was carried out for understanding the
limitation and strength of each power station. All the constraints reported by the FRAS
provider were studied. Some of the constraints provided by hydro stations are
a) Vibration Zone of each unit

b) Tandem Nature of hydro station
c) Variation of technical parameter of hydro station with respect to their head.
d) Irrigation related water release.
e) Religious function specifies water release.
f) Spilling of hydro station due to high inflow.
g) Local constraint of hydro stations.
h) Transmission constraints.
i) Communication related constraints.
In-house customized software was developed and all the constraints declared by the
FRAS providers was taken care for despatch of FRAS. Even after the implementation of
FRAS, if any FRAS provider reported any time/event specific issues that were also
resolved for smooth implementation of FRAS.
9.8 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN FRAS PROVIDERS AND NLDC

Presently, the generating stations are getting despatch schedule from their respective
RLDCs as per the decentralized scheduling philosophy. All the schedule revisions regarding
revision of despatch schedule are prepared by the RLDCs. In RRAS also the centralised
RRAS instructions are getting implemented through the RLDCs. RPCs are also publishing
the RRAS statement based on the RRAS schedule provided by their respective RLDCs to
their RPCs. This is the first time when the NLDC is directly communicating with the hydro
generators covered under FRAS. As per the FRAS instruction, the FRAS providers are
generating in real time. The accounting and settlement statement is prepared by RPCs
based on the FRAS schedule sent by NLDC through their respective RLDCs.
CHAPTER 10: STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
10.1. CONSULTATION WITH HYDRO GENERATOR ON IMPLEMENTATION

ASPECTS
Before implementation of FRAS a consultation was organized at NLDC on 31st October,

2018 with all stakeholders in order to understand the complexities and to evolve a
consensus, for implementation of FRAS. After due considering the plant wise constraints,
FRAS was implemented from 26th Novemeber,2018. Minutes of the meeting is enclosed as
Annexure- 4
10.2 FRAS STATUS UPDATE IN FORUM OF REGULATORS
Twenty-Third meeting of Standing Technical Committee of Forum of Regulators was held

on 11th January,2019. POSOCO apprised the FOR Technical committee regarding the status
of implementation of FRAS.
10.3 FRAS STATUS UPDATE IN FORUM OF LOAD DESPATCHERS
28th meeting of Forum of Load Despatchers (FOLD) was held on 25th Janauary,2019 at
New Delhi. Officials from RPCs, CEA, SLDCs, RLDCs, NLDC participated in the meeting.
NLDC gave a brief presentation on FRAS implementation and the benefits and challenges
faced was also deliberated during the meeting.
CHAPTER 11: CHALLENGES
11.1. MINIMUM THRESHOLD QUANTUM DESPATCHED UNDER FRAS ‘UP’ AND

‘DOWN’
In order to avoid too many generating stations getting a very miniscule quantum of
despatch instruction under FRAS, it was considered prudent that there is a need for a
minimum threshold value, of 5 MW for FRAS Up or Down.
11.2. NEED FOR ROBUST FORECASTING & AVALIBLITY DECLARATION BY

HYDRO STATION
Normally hydro station are declaring their available in day ahead basis. Accordingly, the
schedule of their beneficiaries is prepared and the plants are getting despatch schedule.
The hydro station schedules are prepared by the respective RLDCs keeping some margin
for FRAS Up/Down instruction. Based on the margin FRAS Up/Down or square off
instructions are issued. There are some occasions when FRAS instructions are issued in
advance but plants were not able to implement. This is due to revision in declaration of
availability by FRAS provider. It is required that the FRAS provider may asses their energy
content and other technical details so that number of availability related revisions of FRAS
can be reduced especially during peak hours.
11.3. LEAD TIME FOR COMMUNICATION OF INSTRUCTIONS
In accordance with the order, the FRAS instruction is required to be sent on 5 minutes
block basis. In order to implement the FRAS without change in existing 15 minutes
scheduling process, 5 minutes FRAS instruction are sent to the designated FRAS provider
through in-house developed software. SMS alerts are also sent to the control centre and
nominated representatives of FRAS providers.
FRAS is generally triggered 10 to 15 minutes before the implementation time. The hydro
stations are situated in remote areas, sometimes there is delay in receiving the messages
by the generation station or they received the FRAS schedule just few minutes before the
implementation time. In order to have better coordination, NHPC, BBMB and NTPC
centralized control centres situated at their respective corporate office was also included in
the mailing/SMS list. Still on some occasions delay in receiving of FRAS instruction are
reported by the generating station, sometime leading to inability to deliver the FRAS. In
such case, the FRAS schedule of those generator are revised to zero to avoid any Deviation
related payment on account of FRAS.
11.4. REGULATION OF POWER SUPPLY BY FRAS PROVIDERS
Normally regulation of power supply is imposed by thermal or hydro stations. But some
generating company like NHPC, SJVNL,BBMB and THDC have only hydro stations in their
portfolio. There are chances that these companies may regulate power from their hydro
stations to their beneficiaries. The regulated energy if not sold shall be available for
despatch under FRAS. Since at a time either the power supply regulation can be applied or
the FRAS order can be implemented, this may lead to further disputes. Hence it is proposed
to exclude such generator from FRAS till such regulation of power supply is implemented.
11.5. RESERVES IN HYDRO PLANTS
For implementation of FRAS some changes in hydro scheduling process was carried out so
that there can be some margin for implementation of FRAS. The changes carried out are
mentioned in earlier chapters. These changes are required to be brought in regular
scheduling process. In order to better asses the FRAS margin, there is a need that hydro
station shall furnish the number of units they are planning to synchronised against the
despatch schedule prepared by their respective RLDCs. For example in NJPS(SJVNL), total
installed capacity is 1500 MW and has six unit of 250 MW each. If we consider a sample day
dispatch and the technical data provided by the plant.
P1 =170 MW (Minimum load at which unit stably run after synchronization (MW))
P2-P3= 0-170 MW (Forbidden zone or high cavitation zone (From MW to MW))
P4=268 MW (Maximum loading possible on unit (continuous) (MW))
With the given above schedule of NJPS for time 05:45 to 06:00 Hrs in case 1, plant can
follow the schedule by keeping 4 units on bar, however plant can also follow the schedule
keeping 5 units on bar. In order to have more flexibility and have more FRAS margin there
is need that more units shall be kept on bar so that flexibility of having more reserve can be
utilized.
11.6. HANDLING RESIDUAL ENERGY
The total energy dispatched under FRAS is required to be squared off by the end of the
day. But due to various reasons as mentioned below difficulties are faced in squaring of the
energy.
1. Real time schedule revision by hydro station.

2. FRAS is generally despatched during early morning hours (06:00 Hrs) and evening
peak hours (18:00 Hrs). During early morning hours hydro stations are
synchronised to meet the morning peak but during low hydro season the units are
withdrawn after peak hours. During peak hours, generally FRAS down is despatched
for managing the frequency spikes. Machine are getting withdrawn after meeting
peak, so there is less scope left to square of the energy during off-peak hours. During
evening hours FRAS down is issued to handle the sudden frequency variation at
18:00 Hrs. Since during this period most of the hydro stations are generating to
their full capacity for peaking demonstration so less or no margin available to
square off. After peak hours hydro station start withdrawing their units due to
various reasons depending on water availability. In order to square off the energy,
small quantum of FRAS is despatched for longer duration. Some minimal energy
may still be left out for square off.
3. Sometimes due to delay in communication received by FRAS providers, they are not
able to implement FRAS.
4. Real time element tripping leads to a local constraint for implementation of FRAS.
5. Non-availability of details about the number of units which are on bar, for meeting
the schedule causes difficulty in assessing the reserve quantum available for FRAS.
The daily energy left to square-off is given in figure-42. Plant wise energy left to
square off is given in figure-43. There is need to have appropriate provision to settle
the energy left for square off.
FIGURE 42:DAILY ENERGY LEFT FOR SQAURE OFF
FIGURE 43: PLANT WISE ENERGY LEFT FOR SQAURE OFF
11.7. PRIMARY RESPONSE
All hydro units of 25 MW and above capacity are mandated under the Indian Electricity
Grid Code (IEGC, 2010) to provide primary frequency response through governor action.
RLDCs & SLDCs are mandated for monitoring frequency response characteristics for a step
change in frequency by 0.5 Hz or any grid event involving generation / load loss by 1000
MW or more. Accordingly, the RLDCs carryout regular analysis of the primary response
obtained from different control areas and generators.
The primary response from the hydro power stations has been in the range of 10% to 90%.
The 5th amendment to the IEGC mandates for setting aside a margin for primary frequency
response at the time of scheduling of generators by RLDCs and ensuring that the generating
stations are never operated at valve-wide-open (VWO) condition. Similarly, the CERC
(Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations 2014-19 as well as 2019-24 have provisions of
reduction of rate of Return on Equity (RoE) for non-availability of governor action. Similar
regulatory provisions may be introduced at Intra-state level to obtain adequate primary
response from intra-state hydro power stations.
The primary frequency response observed from different hydro generators in the different
regional grids is depicted as follows:
1. Dulhasti HEP (NR)
FIGURE 44: PRIMARY RESPONSE OF DULHASTI
2. NJPC
FIGURE 45:PRIMARY RESPONSE OF NJPC
11.8. AUTOMATION, IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND MANPOWER:
An in house software application is developed for implementation of FRAS. The FRAS

instruction is received by FRAS providers through email and alert through SMS. There are
some occasions FRAS providers have informed about delay in receiving the
communication. Since FRAS are getting triggered for small duration and FRAS providers
were informed only 10 minute in advance there is need to have robust It infrastructure and
communication system for smooth implementation of FRAs.
CHAPTER 12: WAY FORWARD
Considering the experience of six (6) months in implementation of FRAS, the following
areas merit attention:
12.1. TREATMENT FOR RESIDUAL ENERGY
During implementation stage it was envisaged that the energy despatched under FRAS
shall be squared off. But some days difficulties were faced in the square off of the FRAS
energy due to various reasons mentioned in above chapters. It is proposed that residual
energy left shall be settled with the DSM pool at the energy charge of the respective station.
If there is a net reduction due to FRAS down instruction, then FRAS providers shall pay
back as per their respective energy charge to their respective Regional DSM pool. Similarly,
if a station had a net increase in generation due to the FRAS Up instruction, then they shall
be paid for the energy from their respective Regional DSM pool. A communication
regarding highlights of FRAS and treatment for residual energy in FRAS was sent from
NLDC on 24th May,2019 (Annexure-5)
Based on the RPCs FRAS statement the details of plant wise energy that needs to be settled
as per the methodology suggested above in given below in Table 4.
Energy left for

Sl Installed Energy Energy Down Square Off (MU) Incentive UP Incentive DOWN Total Incentive Variable Cost Cost of Balance
no Generator capacity (MW) Region UP(MU) (A) (MU) (B) (C)=(A)-(B) (Rs Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs) (Paise/KwH) Energy (Rs Lakhs)
1 NJPC 1500(6X250) NR 4.0 15.6 -12 4.0 15.6 19.6 121.4 -141
2 KOLDAM 800(4X200) NR 1.0 6.1 -5 1.0 6.1 7.2 249 -128
3 CHAMERA3 231 (3X77) NR 0.4 4.1 -4 0.4 4.1 4.5 212 -79
4 RAMPUR 412(6X68.67) NR 1.0 4.0 -3 1.0 4.0 4.9 161.3 -48
5 CHAMERA1 540(3X180) NR 0.4 3.3 -3 0.4 3.3 3.8 114 -33
6 TEESTA V 510 (3x170) ER 0.1 2.2 -2 0.1 2.2 2.3 116 -24
7 DEHAR 990(6 x 165) NR 0.5 1.8 -1 0.5 1.8 2.3 0
8 SEWA2 120(3X40) NR 0.2 1.5 -1 0.2 1.5 1.7 235 -33
9 KOPILI 200(4X50) NER 0.2 1.2 -1.0 0.2 1.2 1.5 58.2 -6
10 LOKTAK 105(3X35) NER 0.2 0.9 -0.7 0.2 0.9 1.2 192.5 -14
11 PARBATI3 520(4X130) NR 0.2 1.2 -1.0 0.2 1.2 1.5 274 -27
12 DULHASTI 390(3X130) NR 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.1 0.4 0.6 325 -9
13 KOTESHWR 400(4X100) NR 0.3 0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 231.3 -2
14 TEHRI 1000(4X250) NR 0.5 0.3 0.24 0.5 0.3 0.7 265.6 6
15 PONG 396(6X66) NR 0.1 0.1 -0.03 0.1 0.1 0.3 0
16 RANGIT 60(3X20) ER 0.0 0.2 -0.2 0.02 0.2 0.2 190 -3
17 CHAMERA2 300 (3x100) NR 0.0 0.02 0.018 0.04 0.02 0.1 100.5 0
18 KHANDONG 50(2X25) NER 0.003 0.1 -0.07 0.003 0.1 0.1 83.7 -1
19 KOPILI2 25(1X25) NER 0.003 0.01 -0.011 0.003 0.01 0.02 81.5 0
20 DOYANG 75(3X25) NER 0.05 0.1 -0.0424 0.05 0.1 0.1 273.8 -1
Total 9.4 43.7 -34.3 9.4 43.7 53.1 Total Receivable to Pool -548
Total Payabale by Poll 6
* (-) Plant Need to Pay to Pool due to less generation/(+) Pant will recive from Pool due to extra generation Net Surplus in Pool -541
TABLE 4: PLANT WISE COST OF BALANCE ENERGY
12.2. PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF HYDRO STATION
Performance of FRAS providers is monitored based on the SACADA data available. In order
to have better monitoring there is a need to install 5-minute SEM for all the FRAS providers
to understand the performance with a granularity of 5minute scheduling and despatch.
12.3. PILOT TO CONTINUE SAY ANOTHER SIX MONTHS
Through the current period we can analyse the FRAS for lean hydro period. There is further
need to understand the utilization of FRAS during high hydro season and after the hydro
station when the reservoirs are full and plants are ready to vary their generation based on
the requirement of grid. Further installation and commission of 5-minute meter on pilot
basis is yet to implement by CTU. So the Pilot may be extended for another six months.
12.4. NATIONAL POOL ACCOUNT OPERATIONALIZATION
RRAS, FRAS and AGC are despatched at National Level, but the settlement is being carried
out at regional level. In case of deficit in one Regional DSM pool for payment to RRAS
providers required transfer of fund from surplus regional DSM pool to Deficit regional pool.
Such provision is not available for settlement of FRAS and AGC statements. The circular
flow of DSM settlement money in inter regional money transfer adds to complexity, besides
delay by design. In order to streamline and expedite the settlement process, there is urgent
need for operationalization of National Pool. The proposal submitted by NLDC for
operationalization of National Pool is enclosed as Annexure-6. Security Constrained Merit
order Despatch (SCED) got implemented on pilot basis from 01st April,19. All the
settlement of SCED is carried out at national level through National Pool Account (SCED).
12.5. NEED FOR HYDRO-THERMAL COORDINATION
Hydro-Thermal Coordination is a dynamic, large scale, non-linear, non-convex constrained

optimization problem. The major goal of Hydro-Thermal Coordination is to minimize the
total operational cost while satisfying the various constraints. The power production cost
of hydroelectric plants is quite small. Thus, this problem majorly aims to minimize the fuel
cost of thermal plants. All constraints like generation limits of hydro and thermal units,
load balance, water discharge, starting and ending storage volume of water and spillage
discharge rate are taken into account. Hydro-Thermal Coordination is optimal use of hydro
and thermal resources during a scheduling period. Now-a-days, due to environmental
consideration, minimization of emission level is also taken as an objective. Suitable
regulatory framework is needed for initiating hydro-thermal coordination as a pilot
project.
12.6. PUMPED STORAGE
Pumped Storage hydro plants serve the grid in wide range of applications as a source of
flexibility. Some of the major applications are summarized below:
i. Peak shaving: Pumped hydro storage can be used as peak generation to meet the
highest demands in short period of times.
ii. Load balancing: Load levelling usually involves storing power during periods of light
loading (off peak hours) on the system and delivering it during periods of high demand.
iii. Frequency regulation: hydropower contributes to maintain the frequency within the
given margins by continuous modulation of active power.
iv. Back-up reserve, spinning reserve: these plants have the ability to enter load into
an electrical system from a source that is not on-line. These plants can provide
additional power supply that can be made available to the transmission system within a
few seconds in case of unexpected load changes in the grid.
v. Quick start capability: the hydropower generation could be set up in just a few minutes -
it is much less than that of other types viz. gas turbines which take 30 min to 1 hour, or a
few hours of the steam generation.
vi. Black-start capability: these plants have the ability to run at zero loads. When loads
increase, additional power can be loaded rapidly.
vii. Voltage support: these plants have the ability to control reactive power, thereby
ensuring that power will flow from generation to load.
The pumped storage plants of approximately 4.7 GW have been developed and only 2.6 GW
capacity is operational in pumping mode due to a variety of reasons. Tehri Pumped Storage
Plant would be the first PSP in India to have variable speed vertical Francis type reversible
turbine. Tehri PSP is anticipated to be operational in next few years. The role of pumped
storage hydro power plants will become more important with the 175 GW of renewables
target by 2022.
The role of pumped storage hydropower plants is, thus, two-fold i.e. balancing the grid for
demand-driven as well as generation-driven fluctuations. Pumped storage plant absorb the
off-peak energy in the system and play an important role in providing peaking power to the
system aiding in system stability. They also improve overall economy of power system
operation and increase capacity utilization of thermal stations.
12.7. RAMP RATE OF FRAS PROVIDERS
FRAS providers have furnished the details of Ramp Up and Ramp Down details. Most of the
station has declared that they are capable of achieving full load in a machine within one
minute. The Ramp rate of hydro station, the start and stop time required by hydro stations
is required to be studied and a similar exercise like “Analysis of Ramping Capability of Coal-
Fired Generation in India” carried out POSOCO shall be done for hydro Stations also. This will help
in better understating the capability of hydro station which can help during grid contingency
period.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
i. Tariff Policy, 2016, Government of India www.powermin.nic.in

ii. CERC (Indian Electricity Grid Code) Regulations, www.cercind.gov.in
iii. CERC (Ancillary Services Operations) Regulations, 2015
http://cercind.gov.in/2015/regulation/Noti13.pdf
iv. Statement of Reason, CERC (Ancillary Services Operations) Regulations, 2015
v. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission Roadmap to operationalize Reserves in
the country http://www.cercind.gov.in/2015/orders/SO_11.pdf
vi. CEA - National Electricity Policy 2016
(http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/committee/nep/nep_dec.pdf)
vii. Water Resource Information System in India – http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/
viii. Hydro Electric Projects in India – Central Board of Irrigation and Power CBIP India –
Publication No 312 (http://www.cbip.org)
ix. RRAS implementation in Indian Grid Half Year Analysis and Feedback, 2016 [online]
Available at: https://posoco.in/download/half-year-feedback-to-
cerc/?wpdmdl=8916
x. Report on ‘Flexibility Requirement in Indian Power System – Jan 2016’ – NLDC,
POSOCO
xi. Ministry of Power Report of the “Technical Committee on Large scale integration of
Renewable Energy, Need for Balancing, Deviation Settlement Mechanism and other
associated issues
http://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/Final_Consolidated_Report_RE_
Technical_Committee.pdf
xii. POSOCO (2017). FOLD-POSOCO Report on Operational Analysis for Optimization of
Hydro Resources & facilitating Renewable Integration in India [online] Available at:
https://posoco.in/download/fold-posoco-report-on-operational-analysis-for-
optimization-of-hydro-resources/?wpdmdl=14168
xiii. POSOCO (2017) Detailed Modus Operandi on operationalization of Spinning
Reserves [online] Available at: https://posoco.in/download/detailed-modus-
operandi-on-operationalization-of-spinning-reserves/?wpdmdl=13461
xiv. CERC Order dated 16th of July, 2018 on Petition No. 07/SM/2018 (Suo-Motu)
Available at: http://www.cercind.gov.in/2018/orders/08.pdf
xv. POSOCO (April’2019) Analysis of Ramping Capability of Coal-Fired Generation in India
Available at: https://posoco.in/download/analysis-of-ramping-capability-of-coal-
fired-generation-in-india/?wpdmdl=23042
Technical details and Block wise despatch of FRAS providers
Chamera-II Annexure-1
NHPC informed on 27th Nov’2018 that due to unprecedented flood in the region during September
2018 , the reservoir rim of Chamera-2 Power Station was badly damaged. The Power Station has
undertaken the repairing of reservoir rim treatment works and it will take around 4 months to
complete, during such period, the variation in Reservoir level is not possible. Therefore, NHPC
requested that Chamera-2 Power Station may be exempted from FRAS operation up to 31 March 2019.
Accordingly FRAS was not issued to Chamera-2.
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Chamera-I Annexure-1
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Chamera-III Annexure-1
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Parbati-III (NR) Annexure-1
Parbhati-III was under Shutdown from 20.12.2018 for repair & maintenance of HRT along with
pressure shafts. Unit II & III revived on 05.04.2019 & Unit I on 18.04.2019
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Sewa-II (NR) Annexure-1
In 01st April’2019, Sewa-II informed that there is spillage of water going on from Dam so FRAS
instruction may not be triggered for Sewa-II till the spilling stop and the reservoir level stabilized.
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Dulhasti (NR) Annexure-1
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Naptha Jhakri (NR) Annexure-1
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Rampur (NR) Annexure-1
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Tehri (NR) Annexure-1
Revised Tehri technical

details leading less margin
available for FRAS
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Koteshwar (NR) Annexure-1
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Koldam (NR) Annexure-1
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Annexure-1
Pong (NR)
Pong has revised their Technical details on 07 th December’2018. Initially the Pong P3 value was 40 MW
and P was 66 MW each units. From 07th December’2018 the P3 was revised to 60 MW so very less
margin was left for despatch of FRAS.
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Dehar (NER) Annexure-1
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Bhakra Left (NR) Annexure-1
Bhakra Right (NR)
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Kopili (NER) Annexure-1
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Kopili-II(NER) Annexure-1
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Khandong(NER) Annexure-1
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Doyang (NER) Annexure-1
Due to Low reservoir level less margin was available for FRAS despatch. Due to this less despatch under
FRAS.
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Loktak (NER) Annexure-1
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Teesta-V (ER) Annexure-1
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Rangit (ER) Annexure-1
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ANNEXURE 2:
OVERVIEW OF THE IN HOUSE DEVELOPED ANCILLARY SERVICES SOFTWARE
APPLICATION
In-House software was developed for despatch of Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS).
i. Home Page of FRAS software
Figure 1: HOME PAGE OF FRAS SOFTWARE
The Home page of the software provides the information about the plant wise declared energy,
Schedule energy (cumulative up to current 15 minute time block) of the FRAS provider. It also
provides the block wise available margin for FRAS Up and Down. By default software shows FRAS
Up quantum. There is check box where we can select or de-select the the option to check FRAS Up
or Down margin. Balance energy is calculated as Declared Energy - Schedule energy(Cumulative)
ii. Infromation/Data flow status
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Figure 2: DATA FLOW STATUS
FRAS provider details required for FRAS despatch is getting continuously updated from NRLDC,
ERLDC and NERLDC scheduling program. The data are sent from RLDCs through FTP. The data
consist of 15minute block wise FRAS provider schedule, declared capacity and declared energy.
The data are getting time stamped to check what time last data got updated.
iii. Generator Details
Figure 3: HYDRO STATION DETAILS
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Details of the FRAS provider are given in this page. In case any new generator comes under FRAS
we can add the details of the FRAS provider by clicking the “Add new generator” button.
iv. Apply FRAS option
Figure 4: APPLY FRAS OPTION
After clicking the tab of “Apply FRAS” the following information are required to be selected:
a) Region in which FRAS has to be despatched (by default all the three regions are selected)
b) Option for including or excluding specific power station is also available under option
“include”. By unchecking the box we can exclude specific generator. By default all power stations
are selected.
c) Start time and end time of despatch.
d) Quantum of FRAS instruction.
(for eg(+) 100 Up regulation and (-) 100 for Down regulation).
e) Once above steps are done we need to click the “calculate dispatch” tab.
f) After clicking the calculate despatch tab, the software will calculate the margin available in
the selected period (5 minute block wise) and display the available FRAS provider list along with
the block wise FRAS margin.
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Block wise FRAS margin
Option for selecting the reason for

despatch
Tab for Apply regulation
Figure 5: AVAILABLE MARGIN & APPY FRAS OPTION
g) Before despatching the FRAS we need to select the reason for despatch and then click the
“Apply regulation” tab.
h) After clicking the “Apply regulation” tab email will be sent to RLDCs and FRAS generator on
which FRAS instruction applied.
Figure 6:FRAS APPLIED
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1. RLDCs shall receive 15 minute and 5 minutes time block FRAS schedule.
2. FRAS provider shall receive 5 minutes time block FRAS schedule.
Figure 7: SAMPLE EMAIL RECIVED BY RLDC & PLANT
v. Applied Instruction
All the applied FRAS instruction can be checked through the tab named “Applied Instructions”.
On clicking the selecting the instruction Id the details of the respective instruction can be seen.
Figure 8: APPLIED INSTRUCTIONS DETAILS
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vi. Inverse FRAS- Counter instruction for squaring off
All the FRAS instructions are required to be squared off by the end of the day.
a. Once we click Tab name “Inverse FRAS”, list of FRAS provider will be displayed and along
with the energy required to be squared off.
b. We can apply inverse FRAS in all plants or have the option to select/deselect specific
region/FRAS provider. By default all regions and plants are selected.
Figure 9:INVERSE FRAS
c. We need to select the Start time and end time for squared off the energy and then click
“calculate inverse dispatch” tab. The option to squared off in minimum time block or to
spread over a longer period is available with the shift executive.
d. After clicking the tab ““calculate inverse dispatch”, list of all the FRAS provider needs to be
squared off is displayed.
Figure 10: QUANTUM THAT CAN BE SQUARED OFF
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Annexure-2
e. We need to click the “Dispatch inverse FRAS” tab for sending the invers FRAS instruction. A
message shown below shall be displayed after successful despatch of inverse instruction.
f. If margin is not available in the selected block in a FRAS provider the software will give
message to deselect the FRAS provider which cannot be squared off or if user wants to
increase the time line for squared off. User need to select the desired option and re-
despatch the inverse FRAS.
vii. Accounting and settlement
a. The total energy dispatched under FRAS shall be squared off by the end of the day.
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Net energy Enet =  Eup -  Edown(in MWh) (should be zero over the day)
b. The incentive for FRAS would be payable on mileage basis for ‘Up’ and ‘Down’ regulation
provided by hydro station.
Mileage Em =  | Eupt |+  | Edownt| (in MWh)
Under the option Accounting we can check the incentive/mark up give Plant wise, region
wise and All India basis.
Figure 11: INCENTIVE DETAILS OF FRAS PROVIDER
viii. Reserves monitoring
Reserves information both for Up and Down FRAS is available in software. Based on the reserves
user can despatch or square off FRAS.
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Annexure-4
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Gist of Discussion in Consultation Meeting on Implementation of
Pilot Project on Hydro as Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS) at
NLDC, New Delhi held on 31st October, 2018

The list of participants is placed at Annexure – I.
A. At the outset, Executive Director (ED), NLDC welcomed the representatives from
hydropower plants in the meeting. It was highlighted that the various operational and
implementation aspects with respect to CERC order in petition No. 07/SM/2018 (Suo-
Motu) dtd. 16th July, 2018 for implementation of FRAS pilot were to be deliberated.
B. NLDC representatives presented a brief overview (presentation attached at Annexure

– II) of the improvements in Indian power system operation brought in by the Reserve
Regulation Ancillary Service (RRAS). The need for FRAS and associated aspects of the
pilot such as triggering criteria, FRAS providers participation, data validation, modus-
operandi, instruction format, scheduling software updation, information dissemination,
communication protocols, FRAS software, accounting and settlement in line with the
aforesaid CERC order were also highlighted.
C. The major points, emerged after detailed deliberations, are as follows:

a) It was noted that the letter of award for the 05-minute meters is expected to be
placed by Central Transmission Utility(CTU) viz POWERGRID by end of November,
2018. The absence of 5-minute meters would not come in the way of implementation
of FRAS.
b) Amongst the triggering criteria, it was noted that the FRAS instruction on the hour
boundary frequency variations would be mostly triggered during certain times of
day and for a short duration say, 05-15 minutes. These hourly boundary variations
are occurring notwithstanding primary response from generators besides the
Deviation Settlement Mechanism (DSM).
c) It was agreed that all central sector pondage/storage based Hydro-Electric Projects
(HEPs) would participate in the FRAS pilot. It was noted that Bairasuil HEP
(180 MW) is under renovation & maintenance works from 15th October, 2018 till
April, 2019. Therefore, NHPC confirmed that Bairasuil HEP would not be able to
participate in the FRAS pilot till restoration of units. Further, the participation of
Dehar HEP (990 MW) and Rangit HEP (60 MW) in the FRAS pilot was confirmed by
the BBMB and NHPC respectively.
d) It was noted that for tandem hydro stations i.e. SJVNL-Nathpa-Jhakri & Rampur, the
FRAS instruction in the pilot would be given simultaneously to both the plants.
e) It was agreed that FRAS instruction would be given for every discrete 5-min time
block starting from 0000 hrs of the day (e.g. 1000-1005, 1005-1010…)
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f) It was agreed by the central sector HEPs to provide the basic information in the
format (placed at Annexure – III) which would be endorsed by the head of the HEP.
The format may be sent electronically to NLDC (fras@posoco.in) and the hard copy
of the signed format may be sent to respective RLDC and NLDC. In case of hydro
plants having a large variation in the head, the information on generation limits
would be provided on daily/weekly basis to RLDCs/NLDC for factoring both in the
scheduling process & FRAS.
g) It was noted that fast communication mediums such as e-mail and SMS would be
utilized for communication of the FRAS instruction from NLDC to FRAS provider.
The HEPs requested for telephonic intimation in the initial phase of the pilot so as to
acclimatize the control room operators to the FRAS instructions. It was also noted
that a minimum lead time (say 5 to 10 minutes) would be given to FRAS Provider
before the despatch of FRAS instruction by NLDC. It was agreed by the HEPs to
furnish the contact information in the format (placed at Annexure – IV) duly
endorsed by the head of the HEP. The format may be sent electronically to NLDC
(fras@posoco.in) and the hard copy of the signed format may be sent to respective
RLDC and NLDC.
h) MS, NRPC highlighted major issues faced by international hydro utilities with
operation of the units at the border of cavitation zone. It was agreed that a 5 %
margin above cavitation zone/vibration zone would be kept while despatch of the
FRAS down instruction. For instance, if Chamera has a high cavitation zone starting
downwards of 150 MW, it would be ensured that FRAS down instruction does not
cause the schedule to go below 155 MW so that the chance of the machine entering
high cavitation zone is minimized.
i) It was highlighted that in order to maintain sufficient reserves for balancing the
system and system reliability, there is a need for keeping more hydro machines on
bar. It assumes more importance in view of low inertia in the grid due to increasing
share of renewables. Therefore, it was agreed by the HEPs to give 15-Minute block
wise unit commitment for FRAS Provider schedule to the respective RLDCs. RLDCs
shall use this information for preparing the schedule of HEPs and communicate back
to HEPs their respective schedule and number of units to be kept on bar by the HEPs.
RLDCs shall also communicate these information to NLDC.
j) It was deliberated that while daily energy is being declared by the HEPs, the HEPs is
carrying out 10-daily assessment of energy to be generated based on the projected
reservoir levels and water release/discharge requirements. Hence, there can be
some minor variations in terms of schedule energy vis-a-vis the declared energy for
the day.
k) It was noted that, generally, for DC demonstration for HEP, the scheduling of
generation at the peak hours is at the maximum. The despatch of FRAS instruction
may be avoided during the time-blocks when schedule of HEP is close to DC.
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l) It was agreed that, generally, the FRAS instruction would be distributed amongst the
FRAS providers in the proportion of availability of reserve capacity and declared
energy.
m) Some HEP requested to keep less time difference between FRAS

instruction(Up/Down) and its counter instruction (Up/Down) and if possible to
send FRAS instruction and its counter in pair/together. NLDC agreed to this in
principal, further clarified that while the FRAS instruction would be for only a 2-3
time block (5 minute discrete time blocks) however the counter instruction could be
spread over more blocks to least impact on the existing schedules.
n) It was agreed that primary response (FGMO/RGMO) of the FRAS provider would be
independent from the despatch of FRAS instruction.
o) It was mutually agreed by the HEPs and POSOCO to have site visits to each other’s
facilities and interactions for a better understating of each other’s operational
requirement & technical limitations.
The meeting ended with a vote of thanks to all the participants.
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Annexure-I
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Annexure-I
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Annexure-I
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ERLDC THROUGH VIDEO CONFERENCE Annexure-I
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NERLDC THROUGH VIDEO CONFERENCE Annexure-I
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Annexure-II
31st October, 2018

1100 hrs
First Floor Conference Room, NLDC-POSOCO, Delhi
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1
Hydro Power – A Flexible Solution
• Hydro Power - a source of Flexibility Recommendations and Mandate
& Reliability • Ministry of Power, GOI
• Overload capability – Tariff Policy, 2016
• Peaking support – Technical Committee on
• Fast ramping Renewable Integration, 2016
• Primary Response – Sub-Committee on shifting
• Voltage Regulation Hydro power stations from Base
• Black Start Capability Station to Peak Station, 2017
• CEA National Electricity Plan, 2016
• Need to Increase the Ambit of • NITI Aayog - India’s Renewable
Ancillary Services Electricity Roadmap, 2015
• FOLD-POSOCO Report on Operational Analysis for Optimization of Hydro

Resources & facilitating Renewable Integration in India, 2017
• Scope for Optimization & Flexible operation - Economic Gains
• SAMAST - Need for Multi-part Hydro Tariff, Incentive for Flexibility
• Bringing Hydropower Stations under Ancillary Services
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2
Role of Hydro in System Balancing in India
FRAS
Inertia
Decreasing,
175 GW RE,
Need to RRAS
have more Mandated AGC Pilot
hydro as per Grid Project
machines Code for Operational;
all; Need Hydro
for faster stations on
response AGC as pilot
from Hydro
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3
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Sample frequency for Sep’17
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Frequency Profile – Different Timescales
Hourly 15-Minute
05-Minute 01-Minute
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9
Load Following and Regulation
Regulation through AGC as well as FRAS
Pan-India AGC Implementation Petition Filed
Registered (319/RC/2018) on 25th October, 2018
Regulation FRAS
FRAS
FRAS
Scheduling to ensure Load Following
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10
Present Regulatory Provisions for RRAS
• CERC (Ancillary Services Operations) Regulations, 2015
5. Eligibility for participation for Reserves Regulation Ancillary Services
(RRAS)
5.1. All Generating Stations that are regional entities and whose tariff
is determined or adopted by the Commission for their full capacity shall
provide RRAS.
• NR and ER Hydro generators provide RRAS data on monthly basis
• CERC Approved Detailed Procedure for Ancillary Services Operations

4.9. Hydro generation, within the total energy dispatch constraints, is
providing the peaking support including ramping and normally, there is no
un-despatched power. However, in case of exigencies or otherwise, the
hydro stations would also be considered for despatch under Ancillary
Services by the Nodal Agency. 109 of 146
11
Hydro station ramp rate ~14 to 100%
Thermal – Grid Standards (3 % ) and Grid Code (1 % )

Inadequate to meet sharp changes on the hour boundary
Hydro
110 of 146
12
Need for Fast Regulation Hydro: Energy limited
Service and Ramping
Support Thermal: Ramp limited
Other than Power

Marginal Cost is Zero
Generation Commitments
And hence, FRAS…

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13
Regulatory Initiative towards FRAS
• CERC order in Petition No. 07/SM/2018 (Suo-Motu) dtd. 16 Jul’18
– Pilot on 05-Minute Scheduling, Metering, Accounting and
Settlement for Thermal/Hydro
• Letter of Award to be placed by CTU by Nov’18 end.
– Pilot on Hydro as Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS)
Total energy delivered The total energy

All constraints declared
over the day shall be dispatched under FRAS
by the hydro stations
maintained as declared shall be squared off by
shall be honoured
by the hydro station. the end of the day
Incentive shall be paid

The schedules of the
RPCs to issue weekly from the DSM Pool on
beneficiaries shall not
FRAS accounts along mileage basis at the rate
be disturbed in the
with RRAS accounts of 10 paisa/kWh both for
despatch of FRAS
“up” and “down”
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14
Triggering Criteria
• Hour Boundary Frequency Variations • Grid Contingency
• Sudden Variations in Demand • RE Variation
• Ramp Management
FRAS Despatch for Every Discrete 5-min Time Block
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15
Honouring Constraints
• Drinking Water
• Irrigation
• Contractual Obligations with State Government
• Weather Phenomena, Monsoon etc.
• Legacy Control System
• Wildlife
• Water level and Head
• High Silt, flash floods, Cloud burst, Land slides
• Shortage of Skilled and Unskilled Manpower
• Acidic Corrosion and Erosion
• Special Occasions like Water Sport activities, Snan, Mela etc.
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16
Hydro Plants under FRAS
Sl No Name UtilityRegion Type (S/P) I/C (MW) Type MW
1 Chamera-II P 300
2 Chamera-I P 540 Storage (S) 3630
3 Dhauliganga P 280 Pondage (P) 5603
4 Chamera-III P 231
5 Parbati III
NHPC
P 520 Total 9233
6 Sewa-II P 120
7 Dulhasti P 390
8 Bairasuil R/P 180
NR
9 Naptha Jhakri P 1500
SJVN
10 Rampur P 412 For Tandem hydro
11 Tehri S 1000 stations like
THDC
12 Koteshwar S 400
13 Koldam NTPC P 800
Nathpa-Jhakri & Rampur
14 Pong BBMB S 396 FRAS instruction would
15 Dehar R/P 990 be given simultaneously
16 Bhakra complex S 1379
17 Kopili S 200
18 Kopili-II S 25
NEEPCO
19 Khandong NER S 50
20 Doyang S 75
21 Loktak NHPC S 105
22 Teesta-V R 510 * Excluding
NHPC ER
23 Rangit R/P
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60 Bairasuil, Dehar
Total 9233* 17
and Rangit
Operationalization of FRAS…(1)
Requirement of Basic Information from FRAS Providers
S.N Title Description
1) DC Declared Capacity sent to RLDC on day-ahead basis (MW)
2) DE Declared Energy sent to RLDC on day-ahead basis (MWh)
3) P Installed Capacity of Unit (MW)
4) P1 Minimum load at which unit stably run after synchronization (MW)
5) P2 to P3 Forbidden zone or high cavitation zone (From MW to MW)
6) P4 Maximum loading possible on unit (continuous) (MW)
7) C0 Cumecs/MW from standstill to synchronization
8) C1 Cumecs/MW for P1 generation level
12) C Cumecs/MW for P generation level
13) C5 Cumecs/MW used for Declared Energy figure given to RLDC
14) Any other constraints 116 of 146
Sample Hydro Station Data
C4
Ramp Rate Up/Down:25 MW/min
C3
C2
C1
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19
Validation of Data..(1)
P1 P2 P3 P P4
Sl No Name I/C (MW)
(MW) (MW) (MW) (MW) (MW)
THDC
1 Tehri 1000(4X250) 25 70 153 250 270
2 Koteshwar 400(4X100) 90 75 90 100 100
SJVN
3 Naptha Jhakri 1500(6X250) 170 0 170 250 267.5
4 Rampur 412(6X68.67) 7 20 50 68.67 75.5
NHPC
5 Chamera-I 540(3X180) 7 91 150 180 198
6 Parbati III 520(4X130) 10 35 80 130 143
7 Teesta-V 510 (3x170) 20 35 135 170 187
8 Dulhasti 390(3X130) 40 45 110 130 130
9 Chamera-II 300 (3x100) 10 30 70 110 110
10 Dhauliganga 280(4X70) 7 10 60 70 77
11 Chamera-III 231 (3X77) 20 20 40 77 84.7
12 Sewa-II 120(3X40) 11 NA NA 40 44
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13 Loktak 105(3X35) 3 10 24 35 35 20
Validation of Data…(2)
P1 P2 P3 P P4
Sl No Name I/C (MW)
(MW) (MW) (MW) (MW) (MW)
BBMB
14 Pong 396(6X66) 40 30 40 66 66
Bhakra (5X157) 115 20 115 157 157
15 complex (3X126) 88 15 70 126 126
(1379MW) (2X108) 76 15 60 108 108
NTPC
16 Koldam 800(4X200) 150 40 150 200 220
NEEPCO
17 Kopili 200(4X50) 30 0 30 50 50
18 Doyang 75(3X25) 15 15 25 25 25
19 Khandong 50(2X25) 18 0 18 25 25
20 Kopili-II 25(1X25)119 of 146 18 0 18 25 25

21
Dilemma for Keeping Reserves
NJPS(SJVNL)
Case Study
1500 MW (6X250 MW)
P1 (MW) P2(MW) P3(MW) P(MW) P4(MW)
170 0 170 250 268
Sample day -15th Oct'18 Possible no of units on bar In Case 1:

12 MW Up
Time Sch (MW) Case 1 Case 2 300 MW Down
05:45-06:00 988 4 5
06:00-06:15 1200 5 6 In Case 2:
266 MW Up
06:15-06:30 1235 5 6
140 MW Down
07:30-07:45 988 4 5
07:45-08:00 741 3 4
For reserves more machines on bar required

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Communication by RLDC to NLDC
1) DC Declared Capability of FRAS Providers
2) DE Declared Energy of FRAS Providers
3) Sch 15-Minute Block wise schedule of FRAS Providers (between P & P3)
4) U-Sch 15-Minute Block wise Unit Commitment for FRAS Providers schedule
5) VAE-H Counter-beneficiary of FRAS in the Regional Deviation Pool
Communication by NLDC to RLDCs/FRAS Providers/RPCs

1) T-U/D FRAS Trigger Instruction (Up/Down) to FRAS Providers
2) F-Sch_5 FRAS Schedule to FRAS Providers (in 5 minute format)
3) F-Sch_5 FRAS Schedule to RLDCs (in 5 minute & 15 minute format)
F-Sch_15 (15 min for calculating deviation)
4) F-Sch_5 FRAS 5 minute schedule to RPC for Accounting & Settlement
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23
FRAS Information Process Overview
DC, DE
F
DC, DE P, P1, P2, P3, P4, C0, R
15 Min. Sch/U-Sch C1, C3, C4, C A
S
Trigger-FRAS U/D, Trigger-FRAS U/D,
R F-Sch_5, F-Sch_15 F-Sch_5 P
L N R
D L O
C Incorporate F-Sch in FRAS D V
Provider Schedule - FTP C I
D
Trigger-Counter FRAS U/D, Trigger-Counter E
F-Sch_5, F-Sch_15 FRAS U/D, F-Sch_5 R
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24
Accounting & Settlement
Respective RPC to publish FRAS Account along with
DSM & RRAS Account
RLDC RPC NLDC
15 min Implemented 5 min FRAS schedule to RPC

schedule & SEM data for
DSM
FRAS Account
No fixed charge or variable charges to be paid

Mark-up on mileage basis
Em =  | Eup | +  | Edown | (10 paisa/kWh )
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25
Sample Instruction to RRAS Provider
FRAS Instruction in Similar Format would be sent

electronically to each of the FRAS Provider along with
the .csv file of the FRAS schedule
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26
Need for FRAS Provider Contact Details
FRAS Provider Contact Information
I. Contact Details of the Control Room of RRAS Provider Generating Station
a) Landline Number (1) : e) E - Mail Address (1) :
b) Landline Number (2) : f) E - Mail Address (2) :
c) Fax Number (1) : g) Locational Address :
d) Fax Number (2) :
II. Contact Details of the Nodal Person for FRAS Provider Generating Station
a) Name : d) Fax Number :
b) Designation : e) E - Mail Address :
c) Contact Number
i. Landline Number :
ii. Mobile Number :
III. Contact Details of the Alternate Nodal Person for FRAS Provider Station
a) Name : d) Fax Number :
b) Designation : e) E - Mail Address :
c) Contact Number
i. Landline Number : 125 of 146
27
ii. Mobile Number :
NRLDC Scheduling Software Snapshot
RRAS shall be renamed as FRAS
15min block wise schedule for FRAS shall
be reflected in this tag
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28
FRAS Information Display in NLDC Website
RRAS instruction details are available in NLDC website, similar display

will be available for FRAS instruction details.
127 of 146
29
FRAS Software……(1)
Plant under
5 min block schedule
FRAS
Schedule
energy up to
current block Block wise
available margin
Declared for Up regulation
energy of
station
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30
FRAS Software……(2)
Option to select or
deselect Region
Option to select or
deselect hydro
station
FRAS APPLY PAGE

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31
SCADA Display
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32
DISCUSSION
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33
Format FRAS1: Generator Details by FRAS Provider
Annexure-III
To: Nodal Agency
Concerned RLDC (NRLDC/ERLDC/NERLDC)
Validity of the Information From: dd/mm/yyyy To: dd/mm/yyyy
Date: dd/mm/yyyy
Hydro Generator Details for Participation in Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS - 1)
S.No. Title/Parameters Values/Data/Information
Scheduling and Ancillary Service Related
1 Number of Generating Units (e.g. 1 x 100 MW + 2 x 250 MW)
2 Type of Plant (RoR,Storage,Pondage or Reservoir)
3 Installed Capacity of Unit (MW) - P

Start time for each unit (Standstill to Synchronization of unit to grid) (in
4
minutes)
Minimum load at which unit can stably run after synchronization -
5
Unitwise (P1) (in MW)
Forbidden zones or high cavitation zones - Unitwise
6
(From MW to MW) - P2 to P3
7 Maximum possible Ex-bus injection (MW) (including overload if any) (P4)
8 Cumecs/MW from standstill to synchronization (C0)
9 Cumecs/MW for P1 generation level (C1)
10 Cumecs/MW for P3 generation level(C3)
11 Cumecs/MW for P4 generation level (C4)
12 Cumecs/MW used for Declared Energy figure given to RLDC (C5)
13 Cumecs/MW for P generation level (C )

14 Water Usage/Requirement (in Cumecs) at No Load
16 Fixed Cost (paise / kWh upto one decimal place)
17 Variable Cost (paise / kWh upto one decimal place)
18 Ramp-Up Rate (MW/Min) for each unit
19 Ramp-Down Rate (MW/Min) for each unit

How many units can be started simultaneously or is it sequential
20
operation
Requirement of Tandem Operation of the Plant (If Yes, with which plant
21
and details)
Primary Response Related
22 Present Governor Droop Setting (Unit-wise)
Considering all the constraints, how much further droop setting can be
23
improved and range thereof
Blackstart Related
24 Blackstart Facility availability (Yes/No)

The date of last mock blackstart exercise done and the droop setting of
25
the unit kept during the drill
Constraints Related
Any Other Information including the constraints (Time-specific, Location-
26
Specific, Event Specific, Unit-Specific, etc.)
Signature of Authorized Signatory (with Stamp)
Name:
Designation:
Contact Number:
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Annexure-IV
Format: FRAS Provider Contact Information
From: (Name of FRAS Provider Generating Station) / (Name of Owner Organization)
To: Nodal Agency

Concerned RLDC (NRLDC/WRLDC/SRLDC/ERLDC/NERLDC)
Date: dd/mm/yyyy
I. Contact Details of the Control Room of FRAS Provider Generating Station

a) Landline Number (1) :
b) Landline Number (2) :
c)Mobile number(1) (For SMS alert of FRAS despatch):
d)Mobile number(2) (For SMS alert of FRAS despatch):
e)VOIP Number/hotline number (1)
f)VOIP Number/hotline number (2)
g) Fax Number (1) :
h) Fax Number (2) :
i) E - Mail Address (1) :
j) E - Mail Address (2) :
k) Locational Address :
II. Contact Details of the Nodal Person of FRAS Provider Generating Station
a) Name :
b) Designation :
c) Contact Number
i. Landline Number :
ii. Mobile Number :
d) Fax Number :
e) E - Mail Address :
III. Contact Details of the Alternate Nodal Person of FRAS Provider Generating Station
a) Name :
b) Designation :
c) Contact Number
i.Landline Number :
ii.Mobile Number :
d) Fax Number :
e) E - Mail Address :
Copy to: Concerned RPC Signature of Authorized Signatory
Name:
Designation:
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Annexure-5
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Annex-2
Highlights of Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS)
Salient Features:
a. CERC order: Petition No. 07/SM/2018 (Suo-Motu) order dated 16th of July, 2018.
b. Implementation Start date: 26th November’2018.
c. Participating Hydro Station: 20 Pondage/Storage ISGS hydro station (74 Units having size of 25
MW to 250 MW).Northern Region : 13/Eastern Region : 2/North-Eastern Region : 5
d. Installed Capacity: 8624 MW Northern Region : 7599 MW, Eastern Region : 570 MW, North-
Eastern Region : 455 MW
e. All Constraints declared by hydro stations honored.
f. Earlier Feedback: 23rd Meeting of the Standing Technical Committee of the Forum of Regulators
(FOR) held on 11th January 2019.
g. Summary of Despatch
Period: 26.11.18 to 28.04.19 Regulation Up Regulation Down
(Source RPCs FRAS Account)
Energy Despatched 8.3 33.7
Average Energy Despatched per Day 0.05 .2
Maximum Power Despatched in a block (MW) 429 963
Despatched Range (MW) 200~ 400 200 ~ 1000

Average No of Instruction in a day 1 3
Incentive (Total= 42 lakhs) 8 34
h. Station wise Details for 26.11.18 to 28.04.19 (Source RPCs FRAS Account)
Energy left for
Sl Installed Energy Energy Down Square Off (MU) Incentive UP Incentive DOWN Total Incentive
no Generator capacity (MW) Region UP(MU) (A) (MU) (B) (C)=(A)-(B) (Rs Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs) (Rs Lakhs)
1 NATHPA JHAKRI 1500(6X250) NR 3.7 12.1 -8 3.7 12 16
2 KOLDAM 800(4X200) NR 0.9 5.1 -4 0.9 5.1 6
3 CHAMERA3 231 (3X77) NR 0.4 3.3 -3 0.4 3.3 4
4 RAMPUR 412(6X68.67) NR 0.9 3.0 -2 1 3 4
5 CHAMERA1 540(3X180) NR 0.4 2.5 -2 0.4 2 3
6 TEESTA 510 (3x170) ER 0.1 2.1 -2 0.1 2 2
7 SEWA2 120(3X40) NR 0.2 1.5 -1 0.15 1.55 2
8 DEHAR 990(6 x 165) NR 0.3 1.6 -1 0.3 1.6 2
9 PARBATI3 520(4X130) NR 0.1 0.7 -1 0.1 1 1
10 DULHASTI 390(3X130) NR 0.1 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0 1
11 KOTESHWR 400(4X100) NR 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.3 1
12 LOKTAK 105(3X35) NER 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0 0 0.5
13 RANGIT 60(3X20) ER 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.02 0.1 0.1
14 KOPILI 200(4X50) NER 0.2 0.2 -0.05 0 0 0.5
15 DOYANG 75(3X25) NER 0.0 0.1 -0.04 0 0 0.1
16 PONG 396(6X66) NR 0.1 0.1 -0.03 0.1 0.1 0.3
17 KHANDONG 50(2X25) NER 0.0 0.0 -0.002 0 0 0.01
18 KOPILI2 25(1X25) NER 0.0 0.0 0.001 0 0 0.004
19 CHAMERA2 300 (3x100) NR 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.0 0 0.1
20 TEHRI 1000(4X250) NR 0.3 0.2 0 0.3 0 1
Total 8.3 33.7 -25.4 8.3 33.7 42.0
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Annexure-6
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National Energy Account & National Deviation Pool Account
Agenda Note for 8th Meeting of the National Power Committee (NPC)
30th November 2018, Guwahati
1. Establishment of National Grid

In the sixties, the country’s electricity grid was demarcated into five electrical regions and Regional
Electricity Boards were formed. In order to facilitate inter-state power transactions and the
development of regional grids, Govt. of India funded construction of a number of inter-state lines.
Subsequently multi-beneficiary Central Sector generating stations were developed by utilities like
NTPC, NHPC etc. along with associated transmission system for evacuation of power. The concept
of regional energy accounting (earlier known as global accounting) was developed with boundary
metering of all control areas.
Till late nineties, power system was planned on regional self-sufficiency basis and there were very
few inter-regional links. With more and more inter-regional inter-connections coming up, the focus
now shifted to formation of a strong National Grid. Initially, HVDC was used to interconnect two
regions, e.g., NR-WR, NR-ER, WR-SR, etc. Gradually, AC interconnections also came up and by
August 2006, all regional grids except SR were interconnected synchronously into two synchronous
systems known as NEW and SR Grids. The strong HVDC links connecting the NEW grid to
Southern region are extensively used for optimizing power flows in the NEW grid. With strong AC
connections between the regions constituting the NEW grid as well as extensive use of HVDC links
in real time operation, inter-regional schedules lost any physical relevance. All the five regional
grids in the country were progressively interconnected using AC links and these are now operating
as one synchronism system since December 2013. The situation has become more complicated with
direct HVDC connections between NER and NR.
2. Existing Scheduling, Metering, Accounting and Settlement Systems

Availability Based Tariff (ABT) was implemented in stages, starting with Western Region in July
2002. With implementation of ABT, the concept of Unscheduled Interchange (UI) pool came up and
all RLDCs started operating regional UI pool accounts, which were subsequently known as the
“Regional Deviation Accounts”. Deviations from the schedules are computed using the net
injection/drawal for using boundary metering for each control area. Based on deviations from
schedule, utilities pay UI charges to or receive UI charges from the regional UI pool account.
Short-term open access in inter-state transmission was introduced in May 2006 and with this,
scheduling of market-based trades/transactions also commenced. Further, in 2008, multiple Power
Exchanges were also implemented. Corridor wise margin declaration for market-based transactions
was carried out along with net import/export capability for regions for administering the short-term
open access transactions. Later from 2009 onwards, long-term and medium-term transactions also
commenced within one region and between different regions. Corresponding scheduling on the inter-
regional links was carried out for these transactions on a corridor-wise basis e.g., WR-NR, ER-SR,
etc. Presently, while corridor wise TTC/ATC are being declared, net import/export margins for the
region are being used for administration of short-term transactions.
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Agenda Note for 8th Meeting of the National Power Committee (NPC), 30th November 2018, Guwahati
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Special energy meters have been installed at both ends of inter-regional / inter-state tie lines and all
inter-connections of CTU system with ISGS as well as states / other entities whose accounting is
done at regional level. As specified in the IEGC, meter readings are sent to respective RLDCs by
different sub-stations of CTU / ISGS / states. The meter readings are processed at RLDCs and
forwarded to respective RPC secretariat for preparation of weekly deviation account. The RPC
secretariats issue deviation accounts based on which different utilities pay /receive deviation charges
to / from deviation pool account. These also included settlement of inter-regional deviations between
neighboring regions. The regional UI pools are being operated satisfactorily and have successfully
served the purpose for the last many years.
The deviation rate vector is declared upfront by the CERC from time to time. Prior to 2008, with
uniform rates for deviation, the total payable and receivables were supposed to be equal making it a
zero-sum game. However, due to difference in estimated loss and actual loss as well as metering
errors, total UI/deviation charges payable did not match with total UI/deviation charges receivable.
Based on methodology decided in RPC forum, suitable adjustment is done to make total UI charges
payable equal to the UI charges receivable. Thus, the UI pool accounts had been zero balance
accounts traditionally since introduction of ABT up to 2008.
Regional UI pool accounts became a non-zero sum game since 7th January 2008 with introduction of
UI rate cap for Central generating stations with coal or lignite firing and stations burning only APM
gas. UI rate cap was retained in the UI regulations, 2009. Further, as per the UI regulations, 2009,
additional UI charge is payable by over-drawing or under-injecting utilities based on specified
volume limits and frequency bands. Thus a surplus is generated in the UI/deviation pool.
An important feature of the UI accounts issued by RPCs is treatment of inter-regional transactions.

The following methodology is followed by the RPCs in this regard:
• No adjustment is done in UI charges payable to / receivable from other regions (otherwise this
may lead to an iterative process)
• UI charges payable to other regions has highest priority i.e. UI charges received in UI pool
account is used first to clear dues to other regions.
Schedules are reconciled between RLDCs and thereafter final schedules are issued. Moreover, same
meter readings are used by both connected regions for computation of UI/deviations. Hence it is
expected that normally there should not be any mismatch between UI charges payable / receivable
by adjacent regions connected through AC links.
At present, RPCs of each region prepare and issue UI/deviation accounts considering neighboring
region as control areas (similar to states within the region). Sometimes, there are cases of mismatch
between UI/deviation payable/receivable as per accounts issued by two RPCs of adjacent Regions
and reconciliation of accounts by RPCs prior to issuance is required to be done.
Settlement of UI/deviation charges is done between the regions on one to one basis. For example,
UI/deviation pool of ER has to pay to or receive from 4 different UI pools (NER, NR, SR, WR).
This leads to multiple financial transactions in terms of money flow between regions. There are
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instances of circular flows of funds between regions which needs to be avoided. An example of such
circular flow of funds between the regions is illustrated in Annex – 1.
The above methodology is gradually losing its relevance with the five regions connected
synchronously as power can flow from one region to another via a third region leading to circular
and multiple fund transactions. These ‘tandem’ money transactions between the regions at times also
leads to issues in disbursal within the regions.
3. Mandate for NLDC

Section 26 of Electricity Act, 2003 mandates the following:
“Section 26. (National Load Despatch Centre): --- (1) The Central Government may establish a
centre at the national level, to be known as the National Load Despatch Centre for optimum
scheduling and despatch of electricity among the Regional Load Despatch Centres.
(2) The constitution and functions of the National Load Despatch Centre shall be such as may be
prescribed by the Central Government:
Provided that the National Load Despatch Centre shall not engage in the business of trading in
electricity.
(3) The National Load Despatch Centre shall be operated by a Government company or any
authority or corporation established or constituted by or under any Central Act, as may be
notified by the Central Government.”
Subsequently vide notification dated 2nd March 2005, the Central Government has notified National
Load Despatch Centre Rules 2004, which prescribes functions of NLDC. The functions include
following (relevant extracts):
• Scheduling and dispatch of electricity over inter-regional links in accordance with grid
standards specified by the Authority and Grid Code specified by the Central Commission in
coordination with Regional Load Despatch Centres.
• Coordination with Regional Load Despatch Centres for achieving maximum economy and
efficiency in the operation of National Grid.
• Supervision and control over the inter-regional links as may be required for ensuring
stability of the power system under its control
• Coordination with Regional Load Despatch Centres for the energy accounting of inter-
regional exchange of power
• Coordination for trans-national exchange of power
From the above mandate it is evident that just as the RLDCs/RPCs are responsible for scheduling,
metering, accounting and settlement at the Regional level, NLDC has been made responsible at the
inter-regional and trans-national levels. The corresponding roles pertaining to inter-regional and
trans-national transactions accounting and settlement need to be taken up at the National level by the
NLDC and NPC.
4. Trans-National/Cross-Border Interconnections
At present, India has cross-border interconnections with Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Briefly, the connectivity of these countries with various regional grids in India is as follows:
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• Nepal: With Northern region and Eastern Region
• Bhutan: With Eastern region
• Bangladesh: With Eastern region and North-Eastern region
• Myanmar: With North-Eastern region
In future, other neighboring SAARC countries like Bangladesh and Pakistan may have connectivity
with two different regions of India. For the purpose of cross-border interconnections, the country
needs to be treated as a single control area for the purpose of transnational exchanges and
transactions have to be reconciled on National basis. Further, in line with the mandate provided,
NLDC is responsible for all trans-national exchanges.
5. Changing Scenario & Increasing Complexities

A vibrant electricity market is functioning in the country and many regulatory changes have been
implemented to address new challenges from the changing scenario which is also leading to
increased complexities. Some of the significant changes that have already been implemented at the
National level and some future challenges are briefly discussed below.
(a) Collective Transactions through Power Exchanges: Open Access Regulations, 2008 issued by
CERC paved the way for functioning of power exchanges. As per the Regulations and
procedures issued pursuant to the Regulations, collective (i.e. power exchange) transactions are
coordinated by NLDC. Two Power Exchanges are functioning at present and another is in the
offing. NLDC accepts scheduling request for collective transactions after checking for
congestions, and forwards the same to RLDCs for scheduling. Curtailment, if any, has to be done
by NLDC in coordination with RLDCs. Accounting and settlement of the Collective
Transactions is carried out by NLDC.
(b) Ancillary Services (RRAS): The Regulatory Framework for implementation of Ancillary
Services has been provided by the Hon’ble CERC in August 2015 and these have been
implemented from April 2016. As per the present framework for ancillary services, available
generation (thermal) reserves are dispatched by NLDC across regions on a pan-India basis. In the
scheduling process, a virtual entity has been created in each regional pool to act as a counterparty
to the ancillary schedules (beneficiaries schedules are not disturbed in the ancillary despatch
process). Settlement of ancillary transactions is carried out on a regional basis from the DSM
Pool. There are times, when the regional DSM pool faces shortfall and NLDC facilitates transfer
of funds from a surplus regional pool to the deficit regional pool as per the provisions of the
relevant CERC regulations. Again, this involves multiple fund transfers at times.
(c) Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS): CERC vide suo-motu order dated 16th July 2018
has directed the implementation of FRAS and pilot project for 5-minute metering. The
framework for FRAS provides for fast response ancillary services using the flexibility of hydro
generation. The dispatch under FRAS is with the primary objective of obtaining regulation
services from hydro while at the same time honoring all the hydro constraints. Scheduling,
accounting and settlement of FRAS is to be carried out by NLDC across multiple regions (NR,
ER and NER).
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(d) Secondary Frequency Control through Automatic Generation Control (AGC): Based on the
directions of CERC a pilot project for AGC has been implemented at Dadri – Stage II in January
2018. The AGC signals are being sent to the generating station from NLDC and the accounting
and settlement for the AGC is being facilitated by NLDC. Based on the experience gained by
this pilot project, AGC implementation is being taken up at one generating station in each of the
other regions. A second pilot implementation of AGC is expected to be commissioned at
Simhadri in November 2018. Implementations in other regions are also coming up progressively.
Accounting and settlement of all such implementations have to be facilitated at the national
level.
(e) Proposals under various stages of implementation/deliberations: Some of the other proposals
which are under various stages of deliberations or implementation are as follows:
• Replacement of thermal generation by RE generation (Ministry of Power, April 2018)
• Real Time Markets (CERC, July 2018) for facilitating balancing closer to the time of
delivery
• Flexibility in scheduling of thermal generation (Ministry of Power, August 2018) to achieve
economy in despatch at the national level
• Security Constrained Economic Despatch (POSOCO, September 2018) to achieve economy
in despatch at the national level
Almost all of the above-mentioned proposals are intended for scheduling, despatch, accounting
and settlement at the national level. The complexity in settlement needs to be streamlined at the
national level keeping in view the changing paradigm and new challenges.
6. National Energy Account and National Deviation Pool Account

In order to streamline the accounting and settlement at the national level there is a need for
implementing a National Deviation Pool based on the National Energy Account. In this regard, the
following methodology is proposed.
(a) Scheduling: Corridor-wise (e.g., ER-NR, etc.) scheduling of inter-regional transactions is

presently being carried out. However, actual power flows as per the laws of physics. In case of
collective transactions, one to one correspondence of source and sink is not there and scheduling
on a particular inter-regional corridor may at best be notional. Hence, there is a need to migrate
to scheduling inter-regional transactions on a net basis for each region. However, while
accepting the transactions for scheduling, corridor-wise TTC/ATC/available margin etc. may be
duly taken care of. Inter-regional corridor-wise schedules may also be continued based on the
physical power flow patterns as the same is useful for grid security monitoring and checking for
any discrepancies. NLDC shall communicate the net inter-regional schedules to the NPC for the
purpose of accounting.
Schedules for cross-border transactions shall also be prepared by NLDC on a net-basis to

facilitate accounting of cross-border transactions by the NPC. However, individual schedules of
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61 of 146
the concerned neighboring country with different region regions shall also be continued at RLDC
level for the purpose of grid security monitoring and checking for discrepancies.
(b) Metering: The existing practice for metering of the inter-regional points shall continue as per the
IEGC and the SEM data shall be collected by the RLDCs, processed and made available to the
RPCs. In addition, the processed meter data shall also be made available to the NPC through
NLDC. A similar practice shall be adopted for the cross-border metering locations, where the
processed meter data shall be provided by the respected RLDCs to the RPCs and NPC (through
NLDC).
(c) Accounting & Settlement: Based on the scheduling and meter data provided, NPC shall prepare
the National Energy Account (NEA) including the National Deviation Account for the inter-
regional and trans-national transactions. The NEA will reflect the payables/receivables for each
region on a net-basis and this amount shall be payable/receivable to the National Deviation Pool
Account which shall be operated by NLDC. The NEA shall also reflect the cross-border or trans-
national transactions and the neighboring countries shall be paying/receiving to/from the
National Deviation Pool Account operated by NLDC. Payment to the National DSM Pool shall
have the highest priority.
In the future, multi-lateral transaction between neighboring countries are also envisaged under
the SAARC framework e.g., Bangladesh may purchase power from Nepal or Bhutan through
India. Neighboring countries may also participate in a designated Power Exchange for cross-
border transactions in the future. For scheduling and settlement of such transactions, the all-India
loss figures would need to be declared upfront by NLDC.
(d) Handling Surplus/Deficit in Regional Pool Accounts and transfer of residual to PSDF: As
has already been mentioned above, sometimes the regional DSM pool may face shortfalls on
account of disbursals for reliability support such as RRAS, FRAS, AGC, etc. in accordance with
the relevant regulations of CERC. Once the National DSM Pool becomes operational, all
residual/surplus amount in the regional DSM pools shall be transferred to the National DSM pool
account. The NPC accounts would also facilitate the transfer of funds from the surplus available
in the National DSM pool to the deficit regional DSM pool accounts as a single transaction
thereby simplifying the process. Once all liabilities have been met, any residual in National DSM
Pool shall be transferred periodically to the PSDF in accordance with the extant CERC
Regulations.
A sample illustration of the flow of funds between different regional DSM pool accounts to the
national DSM pool account and that with the neighboring countries is shown at Annex – II.
Suitable changes/modifications are required to be carried out in the IEGC and DSM Regulations and
the functions of NPC also need to be recognized in the regulatory framework.
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Annex - I
Sample Week 05-03-18 to 11-03-18
on Accrual basis
NR
NER=(-)19Cr
ER=(+)37 Cr CIRCULAR FLOW
WR= (-)12 Cr
BHUTAN
CIRCULAR FLOW
NR=(-)37Cr
NER=20Cr
WR= 72 Cr
SR=(-)43Cr
NR= 12 Cr
ER=(-) 72 Cr
SR= 36 Cr CIRCULAR FLOW ER
WR
BANGLADESH
WR=(-)36 Cr
ER= 43 Cr
SR
[+ Receivable by the pool

/(-) Payable by the pool]
145 of 146
Annex - II
NORTHERN
REGION
Sample Week 05-03-18 to 11-03-18
on Accrual basis NER= (-) 19Cr

WR= (-) 12 Cr
ER=37 Cr
NR to receive 6 Cr
BHUTAN
WR to pay 24Cr
NATIONAL POOL
ACCOUNT
NR= 12 Cr
ER=(-) 72 Cr
SR= 36 Cr NER to pay 1Cr
WESTERN
REGION
SR to receive 7Cr BANGLADESH
NR=(-)37Cr
NER=20Cr
WR= 72 Cr
SR=(-)43Cr
EASTERN
WR=(-)36 Cr REGION
ER= 43 Cr
SOUTHERN
REGION
[+ Receivable by the pool

146 of 146 /(-) Payable by the pool]
Hydro Power Stations in FRAS
Sewa II
Dulhast
i
Chamera III
Teesta V
Pong Chamera
I
Koldam Chamera Kopili II and Khandong
Dehar II
Parbati Kopil
Tehri i
III
Naptha
Koteshwa
Jhakri
Rampur
r
Doyang
Rangit
Loktak
Map not to scale
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION CORPORATION LIMITED

CIN: U40105DL2009GOI188682
B-9 (1st Floor), Qutab Institutional Area, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi -110016
www.posoco.in

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Fast Response Ancillary Services (FRAS)

Implementation in Indian Grid

Power System Operation Corporation Ltd. (POSOCO)

Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................................6

Annexure 2: Detailed overview of FRAS software application ……………….…………………......82

Annexure 4: Gist of Discussion in Consultation Meeting for Implementation of FRAS…...90

Annexure 5: NLDC Communication on FRAS highlights to CERC…………………………………135

Annexure 6: National Energy Account & National Deviation Pool Account………………….138

“गङ्गेच यमुने चैव गोदावरी सरस्वति ।

FRAS was implemented from 26th November,2018. A total of 20 hydro generating

In order to implement FRAS, in-house development of software application and

 Implementation Start Date: 26th November, 2018

The total present installed capacity of hydropower stations is 45 GW comprising of 15,658

FIGURE 1: YEAR ON YEAR ALL INDIA HYDRO GENERATION

FIGURE 3: EASTERN REGION HYDRO GENERATION

FIGURE 5: SOUTHERN REGION HYDRO GENERATION

The formulation under Reserve Regulation Ancillary Services (RRAS), introduced in

“All generating machines irrespective of capacity shall have electronically controlled

1.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF FRAS

 All constraints declared by the hydro stations are honoured.

2.1 DETAILS OF FRAS PROVIDERS

TABLE 1: LIST OF FRAS PROVIDERS

The FRAS providers submitted the following details to facilitate despatch:

2.2 SPECIAL CASES

FIGURE 10: REVISED DATA BY TEHRI

3.1. ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL DATA FOR FRAS SCHEDULING

FIGURE 11: CHAMERA 1 TECHNICAL DETAILS

FIGURE 12: RAMP DETAILS OF FRAS PROVIDERS

FIGURE 13: RAMP RATE IN %/MINUTE

4.1. FRAS SOFTWARE APPLICATION

4.2.DATA EXCHANGE WITH RLDCS FOR DESPATCH OF FRAS

A detailed overview of the software application is enclosed at Annexure – 2.

5.1 TRIGGERING CUES

5.1.1 HOUR BOUNDARY FREQUENCY VARIATIONS

FIGURE 14: HOUR BOUNDARY FREQUENCY VARIATIONS

5.1.2 SUDDEN VARIATIONS IN DEMAND

5.1.3. RAMP MANAGEMENT

FIGURE 17: MARKET SPLIT IN POWER EXCHANGE FOR A SAMPLE DAY

5.1.5 EFFECT OF GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE RESOURCES

5.2 AVAILABILITY OF MARGIN

FIGURE 19: BALANCE MARGIN IN REGULATION UP FOR A SAMPLE DAY

5.3. SCADA VISUALIZATION IN REAL TIME

FIGURE 21: REAL TIME SCADA MONITORING OF FRAS

5.4 FRAS INSTRUCTIONS

 Regulation Up Instruction (26.11.18 - 26.05.19)

FIGURE 22: BLOCK WISE FRAS DESPATCH (NOV'18 TO MAY'19)

5.5 REGION –WISE FRAS UP/DOWN ENERGY DESPATCH

FIGURE 25:PLANT WISE FRAS INSTRUCTION

FIGURE 26: SAMPLE RESPONSE OF NJPC

FIGURE 27: SAMPLE RESPONSE OF RAMPUR

FIGURE 29: SAMPLE RESPONCEOF KOPILI

6.1 FRAS DESPATCH ON 09TH DECMBER,2018

FIGURE 30:FRAS DESPATCH ON 09 TH DECEMBER,2018

FIGURE 31:FRAS DESPATCH ON 19TH FEBRUARY,2019

6.3.FRAS DESPATCH ON 04TH MARCH,2019

FIGURE 32:FRAS DESPATCH ON 04TH MARCH,2019

6.4. FRAS DESPATCH ON 16TH APRIL,2019

FIGURE 33:FRAS DESPATCH ON 16 TH APRIL,2019

7.1 NLDC COMMUNICATION TO FRAS PROVIDERS

Sample file for 5minute time block MW despatch

TABLE 2:SAMPLE FILE FOR 5-MIN BLOCK DESPATCH

7.2. FRAS STATEMENT PUBLISHED BY RPCS

FIGURE 34: SAMPLE NRPC FRAS STATEMENT

FIGURE 36: SAMPLE NERPC FRAS STATEMENT