Saint Mary’s University

School of Health and Natural Sciences

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
BIOCHEMISTRY
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Midyear 2019

TEST I. Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer from the given choices .

1. During Replication, a DNA strand with following bases CTAGGT will produce a DNA Strand with
bases:
TCG ACC B. AGC TTG C. GAU CCA D. GAT CCA
2. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
3 B. 9 C. 12 D. 2
3. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n
Mutagen B. codon C. anticodon D. enzyme
5. Arrange the following processes of protein synthesis in the correct order:
mRNA copies DNA according to complimentary base pairing
mRNA leaves the nucleus
tRNA binds to the corresponding mRNA
a stop codon is reached, the newly formed protein is released
DNA strands unwind and separate
amino acids bind to each other, the chain lengthens.
123456 B. 512364 C. 532146 D. 431526
6. DNA replication occurs in the____
ribosome B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. cytoplasm
7. What type of sugar forms the DNA backbone?
Glucose B. ribose C. deoxyribose D. phosphate
8. Which of the following is a nucleotide unit that would be found in DNA
Ribose+phosphate+Thymine C. Deoxyribose+Phosphate+Uracil
Deoxyribose+Phosphate+Cytosine D. Ribose+phosphate+Uracil
9. The process of transferring a gene’s instructions for making a protein is ____
Translation B. replication C. transcription D. protein synthesis
10. The best description of DNA’s structure is _______
Double helix B. single stranded C. ladder D. Chargaff rule
11. Which of the following represents the codons that correspond to this segment of DNA: TATCAGGAT?
AUA—GUC—CUA B. ATA—GTC—CTA C. AUAGU—CCUA D. ACA—CUC—
GUA
12. Which is the correct order of assembly in the cellular factory?
DNA - protein – RNA B. DNA - RNA – protein C. Protein - RNA – DNA D.RNA - DNA -
protein
13. RNAs do all of the following in the cell EXCEPT:
Hold the cell together C. speed up cellular processes
Carry amino acids to the ribosome D. Switch cellular machinery on and
14. Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
amino acids B. nucleotides C. fatty acids D. Polysaccharides
15. Why is DNA important?
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things C. it's in everything
It is very small and very complicated D. it is use for reproduction process
16. Name this structure
 A. double helix C. nucleotide
B. twisted ladder D. hydrogen bond

17. Which process is shown?

A. Diffusion C. respiration
B. recombination D. translation

18. DNA sequence is ACAGTGC. How would this be coded on mRNA?

TGTCACG B. UGUCACG C. GUGACAU D. CACUGUA
19. Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus B. ribosome C. cytoplasm D. smooth ER
20. The process of making mRNA from DNA is called?
Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Protein synthesis
21. The process by which the genetic code is converted to a protein_______
Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. Protein synthesis
22. Assume that DNA molecules are studied in a variety of organisms and found to have the following
properties. Which property would be consistent with the hypothesis that genetic material is composed of
DNA?
DNA in all organisms is composed of the same nucleotides
DNA in an organism remains constant as the organism ages
DNA from two different organisms has the same base composition
DNA is different in two different cells of the same organism
23. Transcription takes place in the
Cytoplasm B. chloroplast C. nucleus D. mitochondria
24. The codon read using the genetic code to determine the amino acid is found in
DNA B. mRNA C. tRNA D. rRNA
25. A change in one of the nucleotides of DNA results in
Translation B. mutation C. transcription D. replication
26. What type of mutation is represented in the second strand of DNA? TAC GGC ACT
ATG ACG TGA
Deletion B. Insertion C. Substitution D. No mutation
27. Type of mutation where altered DNA is limited to the cell and its daughter cells
Sex cells B. somatic cells C. cancer cells
28.
The figure is an example of ____
A. Silent mutation C. Deletion mutation
B. Insertion mutation D. Addition mutation
29. Which enzyme is used in the process of unzipping the DNA to create a strand of mRNA?

MIDTERM EXAMINATION ARLENE L. TABAQUERO, Ph.D.

Mrs. Cathelyn C. Mariano Director, Center for Natural Sciences
 Helicase B. ligase C. synthase D. polymerase
30. Transcribe the following: 3'-TAC CCG TAT-5'
5'-AUG GGC AUA-3' C. 3'-AUG GGC AUA-5'
5'-AUG CCG AUA-3' D. 5'-ATG CCG ATA-3'
31. This is the process of using a DNA template to make a strand of Mrna
Translation B.Transcription C. Replication D. Mitosis
32.

Which amino acid sequence will be made if the mRNA strand

reads GGG UGU?
A. Phe-Iso B. Val-Ala C. Val-Cys D. Gly-Cys

33. Which amino acid would be synthesized given the DNA sequence GTA?
Histidine B. Valine C. Threonine D. Methionine
34. Amino acids are joined together in order to form
DNA B. ribosomes C. proteins D. RNA
35. Why can't living cells use heat to provide the activation energy for their reactions?
1. Heat is not readily available to all living cells
2. Heat at excessive amounts denatures proteins
3. When a critical point of heat level is reached, the proteins and cell can lose their function
4. Heat doesn't provide the activation energy for their reactions
1&4 B. 3 & 4 C. 1 & 3 D. 2 & 3
36. Catalysts work by reducing the activation energy, thereby speeding up forward and reverse reactions at
different rates. True or false?
A. true B. false
37. A substrate is:
The reactant that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction
The product that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction
A&B
None of the above
38. What happens to the structure of the protein when the critical point of temperature is reached?
Denaturation C. Loss of enzyme function
Disruption of protein structure D. all of the above
39. Most human enzymes work best at around what temperature?
27 degrees Celsius C. 47 degrees Celsius
37 degrees Celsius D. 37 degrees Fahrenheit
MIDTERM EXAMINATION ARLENE L. TABAQUERO, Ph.D.
Mrs. Cathelyn C. Mariano Director, Center for Natural Sciences
 40. Without the presence of enzymes, the reactions necessary to sustain life would require _____ in order to
occur
larger cells B. higher temperatures C. larger proteins D. smaller atoms
41. The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the:
Active site B. catalyst C. inhibitor D. reactant
42. Some people cannot digest milk products because they lack a specific enzyme. Which enzyme would be
used to break down the lactose in milk? A. Hydroxylase B. maltase C. Galactase D. lactase
43.

On the image, which letter represents the enzyme?

A A B.B C. C D. D

44. On the image, which letter represents the substrate?

A .A B.B C. C D. D
45. On the image, which letter represents the product of the reaction?
A .A B.B C. C D. D
46. In what way could you increase the rate of the reaction as it taking place in image?

A. add more substrate

B. add more enzyme
C. remove enzymes
D. remove substrate

47. Enzymes are composed of what organic molecule?

Sugars B. DNA C. .fatty acids D. proteins
48. Which of the following enzymes would digest a fat?
Sucrase B. trypsin C. protease D. lipase
49. Organic molecules that temporarily bind to enzymes and enhance an enzyme's ability are called:
CoFactors B. CoEnzymes C. vitamins D. nutrients
50. Lipase, maltase, and protease are members of a group of catalysts known as
hormones B. carbohydrates C. lipids D. enzymes
51. Enzymes speed up reactions, hence it is also called”
Reactant B. synthesizer C. catalysts D. oxidases
52. This explains enzyme specificity, and also explains the loss of activity when enzymes denature
induced-fit model of enzyme action Oxidoreductases
lock-and-key model of enzyme action isomerases
53. Vitamins are essential to the survival of organisms because vitamins usually function as ___. A.
substrates B. nucleic acids C. coenzymes D. nucleotide
54. The process of the breakdown of molecules into simpler ones to obtain energy . It is also called the

MIDTERM EXAMINATION ARLENE L. TABAQUERO, Ph.D.

Mrs. Cathelyn C. Mariano Director, Center for Natural Sciences
 destructive metabolism ____ A. Anabolism catabolism degradation oxidation
55. The process of the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells . Also called constructive aspect of
metabolism. ____ A. Anabolism catabolism phosphorylation respiration
56. The totality of an organism's chemical reactions is called
Catabolism anabolism metabolism enzymes
57. In a eukaryotic cell, the enzymes of glycolysis are located in the
A. plasma membrane C. inner mitochondrial membrane
B. cytosol or cytoplasm D. mitochondria
58. Phosphofructokinase, the major flux-controlling enzyme of glycolysis is allosterically inhibited by ___ and
activated by ___.
citrate ATP B. ADP AMP C. ATP ADP D.NADH ADP
59. The major energy generating step during glycolysis is
A. hexokinase B. phosphofructokinase
B. glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase D. phosphoglycerate kinase
60. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?
A. Hexokinase B. Pyruvate kinase C. Glucokinase D. Phosphofructokinase-1
61. Cleavage of Fructose 1, 6-biophosphate yields
A. 2 aldoses B. 2 ketoses C. An aldose and a ketose D. Only a ketose
62. The first step in the payoff phase of glycolysis is
A. Reduction of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
B. Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
C. Reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
D. Irreversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
63. The substrate used in the last step of glycolysis is
A. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate C. Pyruvate
B. Phosphoenolpyruvate D. 3-bisphosphoglycerate
64. Glycolysis converts
A. Glucose into pyruvate C. Glucose into phosphoenolpyruvate
B. Fructose into pyruvate D. Fructose into phosphoenolpyruvate
65. What is the overall end product of the process of glycolysis?
Oxygen Two extra PGAL molecules Extra ADP Two extra ATP
66. Glycolysis, the proccess of creating new ATP requires what?
A. six-carbon sugar B. Two three carbon sugars C. NADH D. ADP
67. The main purpose of glycolysis is”
A. generation of energy (ATP) B. generation of energy (ADP) C. metabolism D. pyruvate
68. The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate by the enzyme called
A. phosphohexose isomerase C. phosphoglycerate
B. phosphofructokinase D. enolase
69.
70. Which organ secretes the majority of digestive enzymes?

Pancreas

Mouth

Small intestine

MIDTERM EXAMINATION ARLENE L. TABAQUERO, Ph.D.

Mrs. Cathelyn C. Mariano Director, Center for Natural Sciences
 Liver

Stomach

Which two secretions need to be present for lipid digestion?

Amylase and lipase

Bile and pepsin

Bile and lipase

Pepsin and lipase

Pepsin and trypsin

TEST IV. MATCHING TYPE

DIRECTIONS: A set of choices is given in column B. Choose the letter of the correct answer to which the
statements/phrases in column A is related. Write letters only.
Match the # in the diagram with the correct word or words

81. Polypeptide chain

82. amino acid

83. codon

84. tRNA (anti-codon )

A. Proteins
A B

74.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION ARLENE L. TABAQUERO, Ph.D.

Mrs. Cathelyn C. Mariano Director, Center for Natural Sciences
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
H Gamma aminobutyric
acid

B. Lipids
A B

81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.

AUG CCA GUA UGA

MET PRO VAL STOP

MIDTERM EXAMINATION ARLENE L. TABAQUERO, Ph.D.

Mrs. Cathelyn C. Mariano Director, Center for Natural Sciences