A 九十六學年二學期 普通物理 B 第一次段考試題

[Young 21 – 26] 2008/03/28, 8:30AM – 10:00AM

0.【5%】依下面說明在答案卷上作答者，可得 5 分
(i) 答案卷第一張為封面。第一張正反兩面不要作答。
(ii) 由第二張紙開始算起，第一頁依空格號碼順序寫下所有填充題答案，寫在其他頁不記分。
(iii) 計算題之演算過程與答案依題號順序寫在第二頁以後，每題從新的一頁寫起。
Useful constant (MKS): ε0 = 8.85 × 10-12 C2 / N⋅ m2, 1/(4πε0) = 8.99 × 109 N⋅ m2 / C2, e = 1.6 × 10-19 C
Part I. 填充題 (每格 3 分, 共 75 分)
„The right figure shows the relation between resistivity and temperature for
different types of materials. Identify the curves for metal, semiconductor and
superconductor (1) .
„Positive charge Q is distributed uniformly along the x-axis from x = 0 to x = a. A
positive point charge q is located on the positive x-axis at x = a + r. (a) What’s the x-component of
the electric field produced by the charge distribution Q at x? (2) . What’s the y-component of
the electric field at x? (3) What’s the magnitude and direction of the force that the charge
distribution Q exerts on q? (4) .
„Two positive point charges Q are fixed on the x-axis at x = a and x = -a. A third positive point charge q, with mass m, is placed
on the x-axis away from the origin at a coordinate x. The charge q, which is free to move only
Q q Q
along the x-axis, is then released. (a) What is the electrostatic force exerted on charge q? (5)
(b) If x << a, the force you obtained in (a) can be approximated as f = -kx, determine the force -a 0 a x-axis
constant k. Use (1+z)n ~ 1 + nz for |z| << 1 (6) Find the frequency of simple harmonic x
motion for charge q (7) .
„A copper wire has a nominal diameter of 2 mm. It carries a constant current of 1 A. The density of free electrons is 8.5×1028
electrons per cubic meter. Find the magnitude of current density (8) and the drift velocity of the
electrons (9) . Q
R
„Electric charge Q is distributed uniformly on a thin ring of radius R. What’s the potential at P on the O x P
ring axis at a distance x from the center of the ring (10) Find the x-component of electric field at
point P (11) .

„A spherical balloon carries a uniform positive surface charge density σ. Due to electrostatic force, the balloon will experience a
pressure (force per unit area). Determine the direction of the pressure (12) (outward or inward?)
„A resistor R lies along each edge of a cube (12 resistors in all) with connections at the corners. Find the
equivalent resistance between two diagonal corners of the cube (points a and b). (13)

„A conducting spherical shell with inner radius a and outer radius b has a positive point charge Q at
its center. The total charge on the shell is -3Q, and it is insulated from its surroundings. What’s the
electric field magnitude in terms of the distance r from the center for the region (a) r < a (14) (b) a
< r < b (15) (c) r > b (16) (d) What is the surface charge density on the outer surface of the
conducting shell? (17)
„The capacitor in the right figure is initially uncharged. The switch is closed at t = 0. Immediately
after the switch is closed: what is the current through resistor R1? (18) What is the current
through R3 (19) What is the final charge on the capacitor? (20)
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„A closed surface as shown in the right figure consists of two surfaces S1 and S2: S1 is a
S1 S2
circle with radius R and lies on the y-z plane. S2 has the cone shape with height h and
points to the x-direction. This closed surface, which has no charge enclosed is placed in a
r ∧

r ∧
E = E0 x
constant electric field pointing to the positive x-direction, E = E 0 x . What’s the electric R
h
flux through the surface S2. (21) What’s the total electric flux through both surfaces, S1
and S2. (22)
„Explain why (a) the electric field inside a conductor is zero (23) (b) when charge is placed on a solid conductor and at rest, it
resides entirely on the surface not in the interior (24) (c) with all charges at rest, the surface of a conductor forms an
equipotential surface (25)
Part II 計算題: 須寫下詳細的計算過程 (共 30 分)
1. Two square conducting plates with sides of length L are separated by a distance D. A dielectric
slab with constant K is inserted a distance x into the space between the plates. (a) Find the
capacitance C of this system (b) Suppose the capacitor is connected to a battery that maintains a
constant potential difference V between the plates. If the dielectric slab is inserted an additional
distance dx into the space between the plates, find the change in stored energy (c) Suppose that
before the slab is moved by dx, the plates are disconnected from the battery, so the charges on the
plates remain constant. Determine the magnitude of the charge on each plate. (d) When the slab is
moved dx farther into the space between the plates with the battery removed, find the change in
stored energy. (e) Explain why you get different results in (b) and (d). [15 points, 3 points each]
r r
2. An insulating sphere with radius a has a uniform charge density ρ. The sphere is not centered at the origin but at rcenter = b .
r
Find the electric field inside the sphere at r from the origin. Express your answer in terms
r r
of a, ρ, r , b , and ε0. (b) An insulating sphere of radius R has a spherical hole of radius a
r
located within its volume and centered at b from the center of the sphere, where a < b < R
(cross section of the sphere is shown in the figure). The solid part of the sphere has a
r
uniform volume charge density ρ. Find the electric field E inside the hole. Hint: Use the
principle of superposition and the result of part (a) Express your answer in terms of a, R,
r r
ρ, r , b , and ε0. [8 points, 4 points each]
3. Two concentric spherical conducting shells are separated by vacuum. The inner shell has charge +Q and radius ra, and the outer
shell has charge –Q and radius rb as shown in the following left figure. (a) Find the capacitance of this spherical capacitor. (b) If
half of the volume between the two shells is filled with dielectric of constant K as shown in the following right figure. Find the
capacitance of this half-filled capacitor. [(a): 4 points, (b): 3 points]

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A Part I Answer Sheet

(1) (a) superconductor (b) metal (c) semiconductor or bca

1 Q⎛1 1 ⎞
(2) ⎜ − ⎟
4πε 0 a ⎝ r r + a ⎠

(3) 0
1 Q⎛1 1 ⎞ , to the right
(4) ⎜ − ⎟
4πε 0 a ⎝ r r + a ⎠

1⎛ qQ qQ ⎞
(5) ⎜ − ⎟
⎜
4πε 0 ⎝ (a + x ) 2
(a − x )2 ⎟
⎠

Qq 1
(6) πε 0 a 3

1 qQ or 1 kqQ
(7) 2π πε 0 ma 3 π ma 3

(8) 3.18 x 105 A/m2

(9) 2.34 x 10-5 m/s
1 Q
(10) 4 πε 0 x + R2
2

1 Qx
(11) 4 πε 0 (x 2
+ R 2
)
3/2

(12) outward
(13) (5/6)R
1 Q
(14) 4 πε 0 r 2

(15) 0
1 2Q
(16) 4 πε 0 r2

− 2Q
(17) 4π b 2

(18) 4.2A
(19) 2.8A
(20) 7.2 x 10-5 C
(21) πR 2 E0
(22) 0
If the field inside the conductor is not zero, the field will exert a force on every free charge inside the
(23) conductor, giving the net charges a net motion.
We can construct a Gaussian surface inside the conductor. Since E field inside the conductor is zero,
(24) the charge enclosed in the Gaussian surface is zero. We can construct the Gaussian surface anywhere
inside the conductor, so the charge inside is zero everywhere.
If the surface is not an equipotential surface, there will be a potential gradient along some path on the
(25) surface, causing the free charge to move.

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A Part II Answer Sheet

1.
ε0 L
(a) using two capacitors in parallel, we can obtain C = [L + (K − 1)x]
D
1 1 V 2 ε 0 L(K − 1)
(b) from U = CV 2 , dU = V 2 dC =
2 2 2D
ε 0 LV
(c) Q = CV = [L + (K − 1)x]
D
1 Q2 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 ⎛ −1 ⎞ V 2 ε 0 L(K − 1)
(d) U = , dU = Q 2 d ⎜ ⎟ = Q 2 ⎜ 2 ⎟dC = −
2 C 2 ⎝C ⎠ 2 ⎝C ⎠ 2D
(e) The battery does work while the dielectric slab moves.

2.
(a) make a Gaussian surface inside the sphere, one obtains
r r3 r r
( )
r
1 ( 4 / 3) π r − b ρ ρ r −b r r r ρ rr − b
E= = , the direction is along the r − b vector so E =
4πε 0 r r2 3ε 0 3ε 0
r −b
r
r ρb
(b) use superposition, E=
3ε 0

3.
Q
(a) make a Gaussian surface, at r, ra < r < rb, E (r ) = then integrate E to get V.
4πε 0 r 2

Q Q Q rb − ra
Vab = Va − Vb = − =
4πε 0 ra 4πε 0 rb 4πε 0 ra rb

Q rr
C= = 4πε 0 a b
Vab rb − ra
(b) The whole system can be thought of as two half shells connected in parallel.
rr rr rr
The total capacitance is then C = 2πε 0 a b + 2πε 0 K a b = 2πε 0 (1 + K ) a b
rb − ra rb − ra rb − ra

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