I.

Discussion

According to Sandra Gomfs MD, FACP, the human immunodeficiency

virus (HIV) is transmitted only in certain body fluids from a person who has
HIV. When the HIV Virus enters the body it attacks immune cells specifically
the Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) helper cell or T cell. The body contains
Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) cell which helps fighting off infections and
diseases but this cell also has receptors that help human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) gain access to this cell. This is when the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle starts:

The first human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle is binding wherein
the HIV attaches itself to the Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) cell, this
happens because it has Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) receptor (enable
the virus to enter), the primary receptor that human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) needs, it also has co-receptors are chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)
& chemokine receptor type 4 or Fusin (CXCR4). Human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) have a glycoprotein 41 (Gp41) and glycoprotein 120 (Gp120) a
glycoprotein on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope that
interacts with the receptors. The binding prompted a verificational changes in
the Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) receptor protein that allows the co-
receptor to lay hold of the viral membrane human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) and the T cell membrane closer together. The second life cycle occur
which is fusion, the two membrane fuses together that allows the HIV particle
to get access into the T cell and enable to inject its genetic material inside in
the form of viral Ribonucleic acid (RNA) while the envelope is left at the
surface of the T cell. The third and fourth life cycle is reverse transcription
and integrational, where the viral enzymes deteriorates by some cellular
enzymes wherein it releases the viral Ribonucleic acid (RNA) which taking
over the T cell. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contains reverse
transcription enzyme that takes viral RNA and uses some of the nucleotides
around the cytoplasm to return this viral RNA into a single strand of
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It synthesizes a Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
strand using the viral Ribonucleic acid (RNA) as a template and it generates
viral DNA from viral Ribonucleic acid (RNA). Once the HIV virus is inside the
host Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) cell nucleus a human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enzyme is released by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) called integrase which is used to insert its viral
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into the host Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The
sixth and last cycle is the assembly and budding, during this cycles the
Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) cell produces a human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
protein which move to the surface of the T cell where the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope was left and it forms an immature or
noninfectious virus. The immature virus moves forward towards the host
Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) cell. The new human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) releases another enzyme called protease which breaks up the
long chainlike proteins in the immature or noninfectious virus, and creates
mature virus that is ready to infect another T cells. And the process repeats
over again (U.S National Library of Medicine, 2019).

Thus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has the ability to create
more virus in the body and is sexually transmitted which can be fatal if left
untreated because the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the
immune system that allows different types of life threatening cancer to
flourish inside the body but the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) does not cure the virus completely, it just slow down the progression of
the virus in the body, so it is best to maintain the treatment to reduce the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the blood.