16 TENSES

KALIMAT AKTIF

PRESENT : Masa Kini PAST : Masa Lampau FUTURE : Masa Depan PAST FUTURE : Seharusnya terjadi
SIMPLE: VERBAL : VERBAL : VERBAL : VERBAL :
- Kegiatan sehari-hari (+) S + V1 S/ES + O (+) S + V2 + O (+) S + Will/ Shall + V1 + O (+) S + Would/Should+ V1 + O
- Berulang-ulang (-) S + Don’t / Doesn’t + V1+ O (-) S + Did’t + V1+ O (-) S + Won’t/Shall+ V1+ O (-) S + Wouldn’t/Shouldn’t + V1+ O
- Kebenaran Nyata (?) Do/Does + S +V1+ O +? (?) Did + S +V1+ O +? (?) Will/Shall + S +V1+ O +? (?) Will/Should + S +V1+ O +?

NOMINAL: NOMINAL: NOMINAL: NOMINAL:

(+) S + is, am, are + AAN (+) S + was/were + AAN (+) S + Will/Shall be + AAN (+) S + Would/Should be + AAN
(-) S + isn’t, am not, aren’t + AAN (-) S + wasn’t/weren’t + AAN (-) S + Won’t/ Shall not (Shan’t) (-) S + Wouldn’t/Shouldn’t be + AAN
(?) Is, am are + S + AAN +? (?) Was,were + S + AAN + ? be + AAN (?) Would/Should+ S + be + AAN
(?) Will/Shall+ S + be + AAN +? +?

CONTINUOUS VERBAL : VERBAL : VERBAL : VERBAL :

Sedang Terjadi (+) S + is, am, are + Ving + O
(-) S + isn’t, am not, aren’t + Ving + O
(?) Is, am are + S + Ving + O +?
NOMINAL:
(+) S + is, am, are+ being + AAN
(-) S + isn’t, am not, aren’t+ being +
AAN
(?) Is, am are + S+ being + AAN +?
(+) S + was/were+ Ving + O
(-) S + wasn’t/weren’t + Ving
+O
(?) was/ were + S + Ving + O +?
NOMINAL:
(+) S + was/were + being +
AAN
(-) S + wasn’t/weren’t +
being + AAN
(?) Was,were + S + being +
AAN +?
(+) S + Will/Shall be+ Ving + O
(-) S + Won’t/Shall not (Shan’t)
be+ Ving + O
(?) Will/shall +S+be+ Ving +O+?
NOMINAL:
(+) S+Will/ Shall be being+AAN
(-) S + Won’t/Shall not (Shan’t)
be being + AAN
(?) Will/Shall+ S+ be being + AAN
+?
(+) S + Would/Should be+ Ving + O
(-) S + Wouldn’t/Shouldn’t be+ Ving
+O
(?) Will/Should + S + be+ Ving + O +?
NOMINAL:
(+) S + Would/Should be being+ AAN
(-) S + Wouldn’t/Shouldn’t be being +
AAN
(?) Would/Should + S+ be being +
AAN+?
PERFECT VERBAL :
Telah Terjadi, sudah (+) S + has/have + V3+ O
selesai, efeknya masih (-) S + Hasn’t/ Haven’t + V3+ O
terasa. (?) Has/Have + S +V3+ O +?
Contoh: efek kenyang
karena telah makan NOMINAL:
(+) S + Has/Have been + AAN
(-) S + Hasn’t/ Haven’t + been+ AAN
(?) Has/Have + S + been + AAN +?
VERBAL :
(+) S + had + O
(-) S + hadn’t + V3+ O
(?) Had + S +V3+ O +?
NOMINAL:
(+) S + Had been + AAN
(-) S + Hadn’t + been+ AAN
(?) Had + S + been + AAN +?
VERBAL :
(+) S + Will/Shall have+ V3+ O
(-) S + Won’t/ Shall not (Shan’t)
have+ V3 + O
(?) Will/Shall + S + have + V3+ O +?
NOMINAL:
(+) S + Will/Shall have been + AAN
(-) S + Won’t/Shall not (Shan’t)
have been + AAN
(?) Will/Shall+ S+ have
Been + AAN +?
VERBAL :
(+) S + Would/Should have+ V3+ O
(-) S + Wouldn’t/Shouldn’t have+ V3
+O
(?) Would/Should + S + have + V3+ O +?
NOMINAL:
(+) S + Would/Should have been + AAN
(-) S + Wouldn’t/Shouldn’t have been +
AAN
(?) Would/Should+ S+ have been
+AAN +?

PERFECT CONTINUOUS VERBAL : VERBAL : VERBAL : VERBAL :

Telah Sedang Terjadi : (+) S + has/have been + Ving + O
Telah terjadi, tapi (-) S + Hasn’t/ Haven’t been +
belum selesai Ving + O
(?) Has/Have + S +been + Ving + O +?
NOMINAL:
(+) S + Has/Have been being+ AAN
(-) S + Hasn’t/ Haven’t + been
being+AAN
(?) Has/Have + S + been being +
AAN +?
(+) S + had been + Ving + O
(-) S + hadn’t been + Ving +O
(?) Had + S + been+ Ving+O+?
NOMINAL:
(+) S + Had been being+ AAN
(-) S+Hadn’t+been being+AAN
(?) Had + S + been being+ AAN +?
(+) S + Will/Shall have been + (+) S + Would/Should have been +
Ving+ O Ving+ O
(-) S + Won’t// Shall not (-) S + Wouldn’t/Should have been +
(Shan’t) have been+Ving +O Ving + O
(?) Will/Shall + S + have been + (?) Would/Should + S + have been +
Ving+ O +? Ving+ O +?
NOMINAL: NOMINAL:
(+) S+Will/Shall have been (+) S+Would/Should have been being
being+AAN +AAN
(-) S + Won’t/Shall not (-) S+Wouldn’t/Shouldn’t have
(Shan’t) have been been being+ AAN
being+ AAN (?) Would/Should + S+ have been
(?) Will/Shall+ S+ have been being + AAN+?
Being + AAN+?
• AAN = Adjective, Adverb, Noun
- Adjective = Kata Sifat
- Adverb = Kata keterangan

* Waktu: yesterday, now, two weeks ago,

*Tempat: in UK, in Boston, at my room, on the table
*Cara: Happily, Slowly, Rapidly
- Noun = Kata Benda
* Orang, Hewan, Tubuhan, benda.

V1 V1s/es V2 V3 Ving
Do Does Did Done Doing
Is/ am/ are - was/were Been Being
Have Has Had - -

Will - Would - -
Shall - Should - -

Subject To be/kata bantu Keterangan

She, He, It, Ani, Budi = Is/ did/Was/Has/ Will/ Shall/Would/Should Tunggal

You,They, We, Ani & Budi = Are/did/Were/Have/will/shall/Would/Should Jamak

I = Am/did/Were/Have/ will/shall/ Would/Should Tunggal
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: KALIMAT BERSYARAT
Tipe 0

If Simple Present, Simple Present => Jika dilakukan sekarang, hasilnya terjadi sekarang juga

Contoh: If I study, I understand.

Tipe 1

If Simple Present, Simple Future => Sebab, akibat (Bisa saja terjadi di Masa Depan)

Contoh: If I Study, I will be success in the examination.

If she accompanies me, I won’t be lonely

Tipe 2

If Simple Past, Simple Past Future => Pengandaian

Contoh: If I were you, I would marry her.

Tipe 3

If Past Perfect, Past Future Perfect => Khayalan

Contoh: If I had done my thesis, I would have worked in Google Inc.