West Sumatra has considerable geothermal energy potential.

The potential of geothermal energy

is estimated to reach 1956 Megawatts (MW). This potential has not yet been utilized and spread
in several regions. The area that has carried out exploration is the Muara Labuh area and Liki
Pinang Awan, which is currently entering the exploration phase with its developer, PT. Supreme
Energy. Besides that area having geothermal potential is the Bonjol area, which is currently still
awaiting an auction from the central government to utilize the geothermal potential of the area
(West Sumatra BKPMP,2014). Whereas other areas that also have geothermal potential, but have
not been explored are the Panti area, which is located in Pasaman Regency. Geothermal potential
in the area of the Home is characterized by the presence of hot springs that are scattered on the
surface of the earth. Hot springs that appear to the surface of the earth indicate the existence of
hot springs that are below the surface of the earth that are collected in a geothermal reservoir.
To find out the energy potential in the area, it is necessary to conduct research by estimating the
temperature of the geothermal reservoir using a geotermometer equation. As an initial study of
determining geothermal potential in Nagari Panti, this study will focusing on the use of empirical
geotermometer equations to estimate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs from hot springs.
The geotermometer is considered to be the best applied because it can provide a more accurate
calculation of temperature with an estimated error value of less than 5% (Sismanto and
Andayany, 2012). The temperature measurement of the reservoir can be estimated by
determining the metal content of Na, K, Ca and Si found in the hot water. As an additional factor,
the pH and surface temperature of hot springs will be used to see the relationship with the
estimated temperature of the geothermal reservoir. Geothermal systems that are related to
volcanic activity are generally high-temperature geothermal systems. The reservoir temperature
in this system can reach 200 oC (Hochstein and Browne, 2000). Thus, one geotermometer that is
well used to calculate reservoir temperature in this geothermal system is the Na-K and Silica
geothermometer because these two geothermometers are valid for use in geothermal systems that
have high temperatures (Nicholson, 1993). By using Na-K, silica and Na-K-Ca geotermometers,
a more valid geotermometer will be known to predict the temperature of the geothermal reservoir.
Calculation of geotermometers Na-K, SiO2 and Na-K-Ca can be calculated using Equations 1, 2
and 3, respectively (DiPippo, 2012).

866.6
𝑇= − 273.15
[𝑁𝑎]
𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 0.8573
[𝑘]

866.6
𝑇= − 273.15
[𝑁𝑎]
𝑙𝑜𝑔 + log[𝑆𝑖𝑂2 ]
[𝑘]

866.6
𝑇= − 273.15
[𝑁𝑎] √𝐶𝑎
𝑙𝑜𝑔 + 𝛽 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑁𝑎 + 2.24
[𝑘]
No Kode Konsentrasi (ppm)
Sampel Na K Ca SiO2
1 P1 2,952 5,722 6,933 4,321
2 P2 1,143 3,222 2,867 2,464
3 P3 2,492 4,889 6,533 3,393
4 P4 2,071 3,944 5,5 2,75
5 P5 1,5 3,111 3,8 2,929
Rata-rata 2,032 4,178 5,127 3,171

No Kode Sampel Suhu Permukaan (ºC) pH

1 P1 56,3 8,1
2 P2 58,5 6,9
3 P3 59,5 7,4
4 P4 60 7,8
5 P5 59,7 7,3
Rata-rata 58 7,5
Geothermometer memungkinkan temperature dari fluida reservoir dapat diperkirakan. Hal ini
penting untuk mengevaluasi sistem panas bumi yang baru dan mengamati sistem hidrologinya.
Pada tahap ini, geothermometer berdasarkan daya larutan daripada mineral (silika) serta reaksi
pergantian antara Na – K : Na – K – Ca dan lain – lain. Geothermometer larutan berdasarkan
temperature equilibrium fluida mineral dan 5 dasar asumsi (Ellis & Mahon,1977) yaitu :

Konsentrasi daripada elemen – elemen atau unsur – unsur yang akan digunakan dalam
geothermometer harus dikontrol oleh temperature fluida mineral tersebut,

Kelimpahan mineral – mineral atau unsur – unsur larutan dalam fluida yang akan bereaksi
dengan cepat, Reaksi yang mencapai kesetimbangan dalam fluida,

Adanya kecepatan aliran kepermukaan tanpa re-equiriblium setelah fluida meninggalkan

reservoir,

Tidak ada pencampuran .

Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa geothermometer larutan sangat tergantung pada kecepatan
reaksi harus cukup cepat dalam membentuk suatu sistem kesetimbangan. Untuk memastikan
komposisi reservoir tertahan oleh air serta kecepatannya tidak boleh membentuk sistem
kesetimbangn baru pada saat fluida bergerak kepermukaan.