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Chapter 5
Broadband VSAT
5.Broadband VSAT
VSAT technology is a secure and reliable medium to connect geographically
dispersed locations and represents a cost effective solution for users seeking an
independent communication network connecting to the global network. In a situation
where other connectivity options are not feasible, broadband VSAT of BSNL (operating
in Ku band of electromagnetic spectrum i.e. 11 to 18 GHz) offer value added satellite
based services capable of supporting- Broadband internet access, VOIP, video
conferencing, IP multicast, Local Area Network, voice, Fax and can also provide
powerful dependable private communication solutions.
5.1 What is V-SAT?
VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. VSAT is a device (also known
as an “earth station”) that is used to send and receive wireless transmissions by satellite.
Millions of VSATs are in use around the world, allowing people to send and receive two-
way data, voice or video transmissions by bouncing signals off of satellites in orbit. The
"very small" component of the VSAT acronym refers to the size of the VSAT “antenna”
or “dish” - typically about 2 to 5feet (0.55-1.8 meters) in diameter for Ku-band systems -
that is mounted on a roof, attached to a wall or placed on the ground and is capable of
both receiving and sending satellite signals. VSAT systems can be designed to serve both
broadcast and interactive applications whether data, voice or video, which are now being
served by terrestrial lines and can be operated in either single or multi-user environment.
In single-user mode it would interface directly to the customer's PC. In multi-user mode,
it will seamlessly integrate into a local area network with its built in Ethernet Interface
RJ-45 (10/100) and also acts as an access router to support services to connecting PCs.
VSAT Equipment is mainly consist of-
ODU ( Outdoor Unit )
IDU ( Indoor Unit ) as shown in Fig.1
Outdoor Unit (ODU):
The outdoor unit system is specifically optimized for use with the Indoor Unit and
consists of:
Transmit / Receive Dish (Antenna) (0.75m - 1.8m)
Block Up-converter (BUC) (1W-2W)
Low Noise Block-Down-converter (LNB)
Feed Assembly
ODU IDU
SAT Tx
SAT RX
Dish
USB
Telephone Jack
for VoIP (RJ-11)
BUC
Feed 100-240 VAC
horn (Optional -48V
DC)
BUC
Block up-converter converts incoming I.F. (from IDU) to R.F. transmitting
frequency, amplifies it and passes it to feed.
LNB
LNB amplifies incoming R.F.(Radio Frequency) from feed using low noise
amplifier, converts it to I.F. and passes it to IDU
IDU (Indoor Unit)
On receiving side, converts I.F. (Intermediate Frequency) from ODU to base band
signals which may be data, video or voice. On transmitting side, converts base band
signals to I.F. and passes them to ODU. I.F. is generally in L band. R.F. can be in C, Ku
or Ka bands.
The indoor unit may be a small desktop box, or it may be (as in this case) a
network module integrated with a router providing VSAT network connectivity just as
any other network module and provide flexible Interfaces like Ethernet 10/100 BaseT
(RJ45), USB with maximum download speed of up to 4 Mbps and maximum upload
speed of up to 2 Mbps.
5.2 Why V-SAT Broadband networking?
V-SAT networks can be arranged in point to point, star, mesh, star/mesh, and
broadcast configurations. The preferred arrangement depends on the kind of information
flow the network will service. A point to point network allows two-way communications
between two VSAT sites. A star network allows any number of VSAT sites to have two-
way communication with a central hub. A mesh network allows two-way
communications between any VSAT sites in a network. A central hub is not necessary.
Each site communicates to another site with a single satellite hop.
VSAT Broadband (Ku band VSAT) networks of BSNL designed in a hub-and-
spoke fashion as shown in fig. 2, with customer locations connecting directly over the air
to a central “hub” facility. The equipment at a customer site is a VSAT receiver/router
(similar to a DSL or cable modem), attached to a small dish mounted on top of or outside
the building. At the central hub facility, a large dish and sophisticated hub RF
components receive and transmit to the remote sites, and route information to and from
the Internet or private networks via leased line.
Satellite
INTERNET
VSAT
IDU
MPLS
HUB
The V-SAT Broad VSAT network allows secure, reliable and cost effective data,
voice and video transmission and enables an organization to deploy nationwide different
services over IP using the shortest time span.
LEASED LINES Through V-SAT on IP PLATFORM: 4Kbps onwards
High speed Broadband Internet
VPN Networking
VOIP Telephony
Facsimile
Telemedicine
E-learning
IP multicasting
Video conferencing
Video streaming
Facsimile
Distance Education
Banking
E-learning
On-demand services for WAN backup/disaster recovery etc.
5.5 Architecture for High Speed Broadband Access
Ethernet interface of the router, so that multiple clients can be connected and use the
service.
Satellite
INTERNET
Ku Band BSNL
Ku Band User Terminal
Gateway,
HUB Station
Bangalore
User Terminal
Internet Cafes
User Terminal
HOME
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