Researchers:

Alonzo, Anne Vienna

Baring, Recheene Jean
Diocampo, Janine
Escobar, Vanessa
Genterone, Jessa Marie
Giducos, April Chiede
Luchavez, Chinnie Lou
Novo, Vince Roi
Siplao, Jessie

March 2019

Acknowledgement

The success of this research would not be possible without the unending

help and support from the people who mentor, inspire and aid financial

assistance to us. We would like to extend our gratitude to everyone who molded

us to believe in ourselves that we can finish the output despite the challenges.

First of all, to the Almighty God for the strength and guidance to every journey

we took in gathering the data. To our mentor, who pushed us to finish things on
time and if not met, would still consider. To the supportive and understanding

parents who felt the need of aiding financial help to finance the printing of this

paper. To Baring family, who allows us to print the partial part of the paper for

free, to the over-all contributors of this paper, especially the officials in the area

where we conduct our study. All the content of this paper is made possible with

the help of the abovementioned people.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………… ii.

I. Rationale………………………………………………………………………………1-4

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………5

Methodology………………………………………………………………………...6-8

Significance of the Study ………………………………………………...….9-10

Scope and Delimitation………………………………………………….…….…11

 Definition of Terms………………………………………………………….…12-13

Bibliography ………………………………………………………………….…14-15

II. Data Gathering …………………………………………………………..………16

Interpretation of Data………………………………………………………..17-25

Recommendations……………………………………………………………26-27

III. Appendices:

3.1. Instruments………………………………………………….28-31

3.2 Documentaries……………………………………………….32-33

3.3 Curriculum Vitae

Rationale

The presence of different industrial sites in a local community is a

reflection of its growing economic infrastructure. Business development and

tourism-growth industry are one of the examples that correspond to profitable

growth in a specific geographical area. Given that their contribution has a

positive impact to the economy, these do not exempt them to the latter effects.

By taking into account the pros and cons, an exemplification of this content is
having a factory near the residential and shoreline area. In relation to this matter

is the economic growth of Lapu-Lapu City brought by its business and tourism

industry which was confirmed by the incumbent Mayor of the City—Paz Radaza

during her State of the City Address (SOCA) last 2017:

Taxes help spur economic growth which in return has ripple effect on the

country's economy; raising the standard of living and increasing job creation

(Klein, 2014). However, the industrial estate that is located near the residential

and shoreline area in Lapu-Lapu City, Barangay Ibo which is the Mactan Export

Processing Zone (MEPZ) is tax-free. This is based from the index of Philippine

Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) that economic zone export manufacturing

enterprises has one of the incentives which is 100% exemption from corporate

income tax and any export and manufacturing enterprises that are PEZA-

registered are also exempted from tax duties. Despite the exemption, the1

aforementioned tax-free industrial estate still greatly contributes to the economic

growth of the city not just in the local community in Barangay Ibo. It is a

common knowledge that those engaged in business are required to make

contributions to LGUs to perform better (Abilo, 2017). Furthermore, PEZA-

registered companies shall pay the mayor's permit and other regulatory fees

enacted by local government unit (Ocao, 2007). In addition, MEPZ also paves a

way for the creation of job opportunities for the people in the province to come

in the urbanized Lapu-Lapu City. Similarly, it leads to the rise of the real estate

industry.
The water in the sea is not clear and the residents still have no trust to get fish

near their area because of the past events. To support this claim, samples were

collected to investigate the alleged water contamination due to fish kills in 2010

(Poquita, 2010). Another that occurs in the present is the infectious hospital

wastes washed away to the shoreline area of Sitio Apro. In respect to the

information given by Barangay Officials about how safe the water is from MEPZ,

the researchers have found out that the used chemical adjustments that do not

harm the sea environment is the pH adjustment. The reason is, these chemicals
2
are used in wastewater treatment to adjust pH that serves to modify the iconic

change of the wastewater (Theobald, 2015) yet still, chemicals has its range of

longevity and side-effects.

.
Statement of the Problem
4
To be able to balance the positive and the latter effects of industrial estate

— MEPZ, near the local fishing community of Sitio Apro in Barangay Ibo, Lapu-

Lapu City, the reason of focusing the study in this subject matter is already

determined. Through the problem in the local fishing community about wastes;

from medical to waterwaste, these are the pointed specific problems questioned

by the researchers:

1. Is there a regular inspection of wastes in the sea behind MEPZ near Sitio

Apro?

2. In terms of throwing fabric and any waste things from the factory and
spewing treated wastewater, is there a specific appropriate dumpsite and

sewerage's path?

3. Hospital waste has presently become a spotlight issue of water contamination

in Sitio Apro and there was recent incident of fish kill which was not solved, what

are the methods done by the local government unit to address these repeating

issues?

4. What are the reasons why industrial estate's (e.g. factory) emission of wastes

considered safe if it went treatment process?

5. Are the wastes from MEPZ, pleasant to see and smell? Did you not raise your

concerns to the Barangay? Yes or No, why?

Research Methodology
5
.

To be able to gather data, the study involved participant observation in

which the researchers had observed the situation of the community and had

witnessed the event of wastewater emission into the shore in which according to

the residents that it has unpleasant smell and it was indeed for the researchers.

The researchers also used focus group discussion since there are participants

who are not confident enough to be interviewed alone and with this method, and

that they were able to generate more ideas and give more insights on the certain

issue. Since the researchers immersed themselves in the said community,

In interpreting the gathered data, the researchers looked for the patterns
in their collected data in order to construct themes and concepts by comparing

and contrasting the sorted out common responses of their participants. Key

events were also used to understand the data, for instance an old man in the

particular sitio died of unknowing reason in which the researcher also

investigated. After interpreting all the ideas, the researchers linked them to

create a concept by making visual representations of the relationships, systems,

patterns and interaction within the particular event.

Definition of Terms

To provide better understanding, the researchers define the following

terminologies as to how it is utilized in the study:

Bibliography 13

Basilan, Rebelander. "Paz to report achievements,honor partners in

SOCA."

12 August 2015.

www.sunstar.com.ph/article. Document. October 2018.

Busetti, Tang &. "Water Research." Recycled water: Potential Health risks

(2014): 289-299. Journal.

Charmaz, Kathy. Grounded Theory. SAGE Publication, 2009. Book.

Cuizon, Allan. Sunstar PH. Lapu-Lapu, 9 January 2019. Newspaper.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Feature:

Understanding Shoreline Changes in the Philippines . 31 March

2017. Document.

Freedom of Information Philippines. List of PEZA-Registered Companies.

30 April 2018. Web.

Gross, Daniel A. Recycling sewage into drinking water is no big deal. 2016.

Web.

Habibur, Chowdhury. "Development of New Wastewater Infrastructure

Systems with Enhanced Durability and Structural Efficiency." Small

Business Innovation Research. 2004.

Page Wise Inc. Washington.edu. 2001. Web. 5 March 2019.

Perlman, Howard. U.S. Department of the Interior. 2016. Web. Monday

November 2018.

Philippine Economic Zone Authority . About PEZA. January 2014. web.

Sorote, Ryan Christopher J. No fi (Perlman)sh Kill, in Ibo Lapu-Lapu. 14

Cebu: Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2010. Print.

Theobald, Daniel. Lessons from Wastewater Wizard. 4 September 2016.

Web.

Weltman, Barbara. The 13 Most Important Things to Know about Taxes .

 21 December 2018. Web.

Data Gathering
15
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
16

In the previous chapters –one and two, the focus and the reason

behind the phase of the study were discussed. Rationale gave an overview of the

study and the succeeding area of discussions including the Significance of the

Study and to the Research Methodology onwards. Having wastewater as the

focus of the study, the abovementioned chapters have thoroughly link the notion

of the people involved. It is also emphasized in Chapter two that qualitative

methodologies is employed in order to present the data through narrative

analysis from the observations and queries done by the researchers. In lieu with

the fundamental knowledge of simple accumulation of data to authenticate a

study, this chapter presented the collected data, scrutinized the distinct views

from the responses of the respondents, and systematically described and

interpreted them. The distinct disadvantages and effects of the emitted

wastewater from MEPZ to the physiological needs of the residents have been

analyzed in relation to the shown exemplified contentions in the preceding

chapters.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
17

Data analysis is how researchers go from a mass of data to meaningful

insights (Bhatia,2018). It requires a concrete identification of the symbolisms or

meanings behind the great amount of respondents. Through this, the study

about the wastewater has been partitioned into several approaches depending

upon the weight of the answers.

Figure 6.2.1

21

Theory supporting the Analysis

24
 Interpreting and analyzing the data from the respondents can also be

supported by a certain theory that would benefit in having a better

understanding to the problem and the data. And, in this study, the researchers

link the gathered data into the principles of Grounded Theory founded by Barney

Glaser and Anselm Strauss who are sociologists. This is a general method that

can use any kind of data although the most common use is with qualitative data

(Glaser, 2003). This theory stimulates coding in analyzing data and use human

interactions and symbols as a way of interpreting data. By the means of writing

transcripts and comparing the data with the use of any form of representation

which is also done in this study, this farther correlates with the research study.

In this light, looking analytically at qualitative data like observations, transcripts,

protocols and interviews –this is the approach used in this theory. Similar with

the characteristic of this research that possesses novelty, this theory also

emphasizes the idea of not being tied in any pre-existing theories and could have

the potential for innovative discoveries.

Recommendations and Conclusions

25
Section 1: Conclusion
 All the investigations done by the researchers went through several

evaluation and firm analyzation .The continuous emergence of industrial waste,

being thrown mostly in the sea is a problem for the residents near MEPZ (p.25).

Physiological needs in terms of the necessity to breath fresh air is unnavigable,

the reason why the key informants complained about its smell. The sea for them

is not safe because of the past incidents that occur in the said fishing

community. The following are the findings:

(a) The treated waste water has an effect to the physiological aspect of

the residents –the need to breath good air.

(b) The limited pathway space and the emission of the wastewater in the

pathway is a daily challenge of the people in Sitio Apro.

(c) Local Government Unit (LGU) lacks informational approach towards the

residents in relaying the activities and programs in the sea area thus,

the residents distrust the sea’s cleanliness and the assertion of the

emitted wastewater as safe.

ns collectively agreed by the researchers as to how to address the said

26
problem of the people in Sitio Apro. In the problem about the residents’ concern

with the smell of the chemical put in the treated wastewater. The researchers’
recommendation is addressing to the LGU to construct a non-temporary

sewerage on the pathway of the emitted wastewater. Using bigger pipes and

covered sewerage not just a top-cemented cover that is slippery. Connecting the

machine for emitting water from the factory of MEPZ through the use of

schedule 80 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) since it has thicker pipe than schedule 40.

Preferably, it should be covered with the construction of a sanitary sewer or foul

sewer since it can best carry industrial wastewater. With the advent of

innovation and research, wastewater could also become a source of energy

which is already manifested in the Power Plant in Basak LLC. However, its

chemical’s longevity should be considered and monitored. In relation to

monitoring, the researchers encourage the LGU to connect with national

agencies regarding environmental care and have an agreement to have a

monthly check-up on the cleanliness of the marine area by having a regulator

monitoring to industrial establishments as well without compromising

environment over economy. In general, the government should also be a good

informer to the constituents to establish cooperation and harmony.

Research Instrument

Through the use of an interview template conducting a semi-

structured interview, the researchers were able to gather the data

relevant to their study. This is the used template:

 University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
A.C. Cortes Ave,.Looc, Mandaue City

An interview template in gathering the data regarding

Community Waste Analysis: Effects of Industrial Waste
vis-a-vis the Environment and the Residents of the Area

Interview Schedule for the Respondents (Residents

in Sitio Apro)

I. Opening

A. (Establish Rapport) [smile/shake hands]

*done after the pre-interview

Hello , good day ! Maayong adlaw I am (interviewer's name) a

Grade 12 student gikan sa usa ka tunghaan diri sa Cebu, HU12P1.Ania mi

diri ron para mangayu sa inyung pulso about sa situation sa inyung

community ug amoang matubag ang among mga pangutana nga

28
makapamatuod sa among research.Okay ra ma’am /sir?

B. (Purpose) I would like to ask you some questions tungod

sa inyong panan-aw both objective and subjective about sa inyung

palibot, sa dagat diri ug sa among nabantayan diri sa inyung

community .With the current situation, in terms of a safe environment,

ang mga pangutana kay mosud ra sa kung unsa ang kinahanglanon sa

pagtuon –trust sa sea’s cleanliness, smell of chemicals diri, and sa ka

prone ani nga lugar as labayanan ug mga wastes.

C. (Motivation) I am hoping to use the information nga

among makuha gikan sa inyong tubag sa pag strengthen and support our

research study nga we envision nga someday, will help all of you ug

makahimo mi ug suitable action plan.

D. (Time Line) The whole interview will take about 5

minutes . Okay ra ?

(Transition:Starting from the basic questioning about economic aspect)

II Body

A. (Topic) Economic awareness and backgrounds

1.Are you aware of the progress of your barangay? Yes/No,

why?

a. Do you consider your sitio also progressive Yes/No

29
why?

b. What is your main source of income? Be specific.

c. Would you consider working in a factory?

d. What company or industrial establishment do you

think is the greatest contributor to your area’s

(Transition to the next topic: )

B. (Topic) Checking of Awareness on the Environment’s

condition

1.What have you observed in your area in the environment

aspect?

a.Do you consider your community, including the sea, safe

and clean ?

b. What do you see and smell everyday around your area ?

c. Are you aware of the day-to-day challenge of your

residents in your community?

d. What do you think contribute to the current state of your

community?

C. (Topic) Awareness of the LGU’s activities in the area

30
1.Are you aware of the activities and policies imposed in

your area?

a. What are the programs of the LGU that caters to

environmental needs and your needs?

b. Do you agree and cooperate with their imposed

policies and activities?

 c. Do you think the LGU prioritize economy over

environment ? Yes/No, why?

d. Do you have a concern regarding a certain

unnoticed issue by the LGU?

(Transition: It is a pleasure interviewing you and getting to know more

about your relationship and interaction with the maintenance custodian

workers. Let me reiterate the interview briefly.)

III. Closing

A. (Summarize) You are ( depending upon the response)

B. (Maintain Rapport) I do appreciate your time and

effort in participating and answering this interview, Salamat kayo!

31
Documentation
From the making of the Chapter 1 until the last part of this paper, the following

are the documented images of the activities done by the researchers:

32
33
Personal Information

Name: Anne Vienna Alonzo

Age: 18

Birthdate: December 23, 2000

Contact Number: 0919-339-2151

E-mail: alonzocharmaine@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Argao Center for Science Learning Inc.

Lamacan, Argao, Cebu

2007 – 2013

Secondary: Mantalongon National High School

Mantalongon, Dalaguete, Cebu

2013 - 2017

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 - Present

Achievements

 Consistent Achiever (Elementary - Present)

 Science Quiz Bowl - 1st Placer Municipal Level (2016)
Personal Information

Name: Recheene Jean A. Baring

Age: 17

Birth Date: May 29, 2001

Contact Number: 0942-575-7951

E-mail Address: baring.recheene595@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School

Poblacion, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2007 – 2013

Secondary: Pajo National High School

Pajo, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2013 - 2017

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 - Present

Achievements

 MTAP Player Division Level – Junior High School (2014-2015)

 With Honors – Junior High School (2016-2017)
 News Writing District Level – Junior High School (2015-2016)

Personal Information
Name: Janine M. Diocampo

Age: 18

Birth Date: July 10, 2000

Contact Number: 0956-145-7590

E-mail Address: kimjaneconception@yahoo.com

Educational Background

Primary: Poblacion Elementary School

Poblacion, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2007 – 2013

Secondary: Pajo National High School

Pajo, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2013 - 2017

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 - Present

Achievements

 With Honors – Junior High School (2017)

 News Writing School Level 2nd Placer - Junior High School (2016)
 Math Quiz Bee School Level – 2nd Placer
 Spelling Bee Competition Division Level
 Chess Competition Division Level – 1st Placer

Personal Information
 Name: Vanessa Escobar

Age: 17

Birthdate: July 24,2001

Contact Number: 0956-159-0390

E-mail: vanbaek7241@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Pusok Elementary School

Pusok, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2007 - 2013

Secondary: Bitoon National Vocational High School

Bitoon, Dumanjug, Cebu

2013 - 2017

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and

Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 - Present

Achievements

 1st Placer – Feature Writing, Division Level (2014)

 1st Placer – Tagisan ng Talino, Municipal Level (2016)
 Achiever (Elementary - Present)

Personal Information
Name: Jessa Marie Genterone

Age: 17

Birth Date: March 31, 2001

Contact Number: 0956-598-0014

E-mail Address: jgenteroneii@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Pusok Elementary School

Pusok, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2007 - 2013

Secondary: Pajo National High School

Pajo, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2013 - 2017

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and

Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 - Present

Achievements

 2nd Honors – Grade 6

 2nd Honors – Junior High School
 Photojournalism Division Level – 7th Level

Personal Information

Name: April Chiede Giducos

Age: 17
Birth Date: April 1, 2001

Contact Number: 0966-824-7599

E-mail Address: N/A

Educational Background

Primary: Santa Fe Central Elementary School

Poblacion, Santa Fe, Cebu

2007 – 2013

Secondary: Santa Fe National High School

Poblacion, Santa Fe, Cebu

2013 - 2017

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and

Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 – Present

Achievements

 Declamation Municipal Level Champion – Grade 10 (2017)

 With Honors – Junior High School – Present
 Cosplay Competition Champion – Grade 10 (2017)

Personal Information

Name: Chinnie Lou Luchavez

Age: 17

Birth Date: October 24, 2000

Contact Number: 0949-178-4645

E-mail Address: chinnie1024@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Lapu-Lapu City Central Elementary School

Looc, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2007-2013

Secondary: Lo-ok National High School

Looc, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2013-2017

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 – Present

Achievements

 With Honors – Junior High School

 Academic Scholar – University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Senior

High School (2017-2019)

Personal Information

Name: Vince Roi M. Novo

Age: 18

Birth Date: October 9, 2000

Contact Number: 0999-154-6387

E-mail: vinceroinovo@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Mohon Elementary School

Mohon, Talisay City, Cebu

2006 – 2013

Secondary: EMD Carmelite School Foundation Inc.

Buaya, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 - Present

Achievements

 With Honors – Grade 9 – 10 (2015 – 2017)

 Academic Scholar – University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Senior

High School (2017-2019)

Personal Information

Name: Jessie Siplao

Age: 17

Birth Date: December 26, 2000

Contact Number: 0915-840-5935

Email Address: siboy.jessie@gmail.com

Educational Background

Primary: Pajo Elementary School

Pajo, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2007-2013

Secondary: Pajo National High School

Pajo, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

2013-2017

Senior High School: University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

2017 - Present

Achievements

 Copyreading & Headline Writing - 3rd Placer

 Essay Writing Division Schools Press Conference – 2nd Placer
 Best Director – Film Festival Acculturation 2018