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T390 en TG
T390 en TG
T390 en TG
TECHNICAL GUIDE
Version 6.2
T390/EN TG
GRID
Product /Project name – Type of document
Technical Guide T390/EN TG
Contents
e-terra T390 Page 1/2
CONTENTS
Safety Section
SAFETY SECTION
Safety Section
(SS) - 1/6
1. INTRODUCTION 2
(SS) - 2/6
1. INTRODUCTION
This Safety Section and the relevant equipment documentation provide full information on
safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment. This Safety Section also
includes reference to typical equipment label markings.
The technical data in this Safety Section is typical only, see the technical data section of the
relevant equipment documentation for data specific to a particular equipment.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment the user should be familiar with
the contents of this Safety Section and the ratings on the equipment’s rating
label.
Reference should be made to the external connection diagram before the equipment is
installed, commissioned or serviced.
Language specific, self-adhesive User Interface labels are provided in a bag for some
equipment.
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and
of the system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and
to isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety
engineering practices;
(SS) - 3/6
Note: This symbol may also be used for a Protective Conductor (Earth) terminal if that
terminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly e.g. power supply.
(SS) - 4/6
(SS) - 5/6
Disposal
It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided.
The equipment should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any equipment
containing batteries should have them removed before disposal, taking
precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of
operation, may apply to the disposal of the equipment.
Safety Section
(SS) - 6/6
6.4 Environment
The equipment is intended for indoor installation and use only. If it is required for use in an
outdoor environment then it must be mounted in a specific cabinet of housing which will
enable it to meet the requirements of IEC 60529 with the classification of degree of
protection IP54 (dust and splashing water protected).
Pollution Degree - Pollution Degree 2 Compliance is demonstrated by reference to safety
Altitude - Operation up to 2000m standards.
IEC 60255-27:2005
EN 60255-27: 2005
e-terra T390
Universal Power Line Carrier
GENERAL PRESENTATION
Version 6.2
T390/EN GP
GRID
Product /Project name – Type of document
General Presentation T390/EN GP
e-terra T390 Page 1/66
CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 9
1.1 Overview 9
1.2 Modularity 10
1.3 Standards – References 10
1.4 Precaution 11
1.5 Technical document list 11
2. SYSTEM INFORMATION 12
2.1 Hardware description 12
2.2 Units Combination Sets 13
2.3 Config table: Functions description 14
2.4 Firmware description 15
2.4.1 Main Features list 15
2.4.2 Digital or Mixed mode feature list 16
2.4.3 Analogue mode feature list 16
2.4.4 Feature licence key list 17
2.5 Remote and Local Configuration 18
2.6 Management (using SNMP protocol (optional) 18
2.7 LAN to LAN function (optional) 18
2.8 Fallback Mode (digital mode only) 19
2.9 AES password Encryption (Optional ) 19
2.10 Rates (digital mode only) 20
2.11 HMI 20
3. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 21
3.1 Mechanical - Design 21
3.1.1 Mechanical constraints: 21
3.1.2 Mechanical Size 21
3.2 Power supply 22
3.3 Available units 22
3.3.1 Amplifier units 22
3.3.2 Processing Units 23
3.3.3 Teleprotection Units 23
4. TRANSMISSION MEDIUM 24
4.1 R.F Bandwidth 24
4.1.1 Overview 24
4.1.2 Bandwitdh allocation 25
4.1.3 Interband overview 26
4.1.4 Hardware filters 28
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5. DIGITAL SERVICES 32
5.1 Data service specifications 32
5.1.1 Overview 32
5.1.2 V11 service description 32
5.1.3 V24/V28 service description 34
5.1.4 RS232 data service (processing local service) 37
5.2 Speech & Signaling service specifications 37
5.2.1 Speech 37
5.2.2 Signaling service 38
5.2.3 Universal telephone Unit feature 39
5.2.4 Maintenance phone handset feature 39
6. ANALOGUE SERVICES 40
6.1 DATA service (Built-in modem or MTU) 40
6.1.1 Description 40
6.1.2 Transmission delays 40
6.2 Speech interface (Telephony T0) 41
6.2.1 Description 41
6.2.2 Transmission delays 42
6.3 Telegraph interfaces (TG) 42
6.3.1 Description 42
6.3.2 Transmission delays 43
8. INTEGRATED TELEPROTECTION 46
8.1.1 Inputs 46
8.1.2 Outputs 47
8.2 System 48
8.3 Analog modes 48
8.3.1 Command Number 48
8.3.2 Coding mode 48
8.3.3 Command combination (dual tone mode only) 48
8.3.4 Set/Reset (dual tone mode only) 48
8.3.5 Working modes 48
8.3.6 Power repartition 49
8.3.7 Tone levels 49
8.3.8 Band used 49
8.3.9 Performance 49
8.3.10 Extra functions and Alarms 49
8.4 Digital modes 51
8.4.1 General characteristics 51
8.4.2 Electric path 51
8.4.3 Optical path 51
8.5 Alarms 52
8.5.1 Communication Alarm 52
8.5.2 Minor and Major alarms 52
8.5.3 User Alarms 52
8.6 Maintenance and monitoring 53
8.6.1 Monitoring functions 53
8.6.2 Maintenance functions 53
9. CHARACTERISTICS 54
9.1 T390-AMP/AMPX 54
9.2 Processing units 56
9.3 Teleprotection Unit 59
9.4 Other General Information 65
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LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
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MODIFICATIONS PAGE
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1. FOREWORD
1.1 Overview
The T390 is a Power Line Carrier (PLC) designed to cover the power utilities utility’s needs.
The equipment is suitable for conventional analogue transmission & services as well as new
digital services as noted in the Cigré PLC report:
“Digital Power Line Carrier/WG 35.09/ August 2000”.
It operates in the frequency range 20 to 700 kHz.
The system can operate different transmission:
Digital Data transmission across standard interfaces such as V11, V24, etc
1.2 Modularity
The number of services and the distribution between speech and data is flexible.
Name Comments
IEC 60495 1993 edition
IEC 60834-1 Edition 2.0 (1999-10)
Cigré report Digital Power Line Carrier/WG 35.09/ August 2000
IEC 60663 Manual for planning of (SSB) PLC systems: Part 1 PLC systems
(1980)
IEC TS 61000-6-5 Generic standards – immunity for power station and substation
environments
EN60950 Low voltage directive
IEC or EN 61000-6-4 Generic standards – Emission standard for industrial environments
EN 55011 limits of conducted radio disturbance
EN 55022 limits of radiated radio disturbance
UIT-T (V,X)
1.4 Precaution
The T390 equipment should be properly installed and configured to make all described
features working, and to reach expected performance.
Installation procedure and rules are given in the manual T390/EN AP Chapter Installation
user guide.
General configuration of T390 equipment through the related IHM is given in the user
manuals T390/EN AM Amplifier Description, T390/EN PU Processing Unit, T390/EN OS
Overall System, T390/EN SU Service Unit (SRV unit is not yet available in version 6.1).
Several application notes and technical information are available to help you installing,
configuring and using properly the T390 equipment in order to reach optimal performance
(see technical documents within the application notes subfolder on last CDROM distribution
or contact your representative).
1.5 Technical document list
For more information, see related documents:
2. SYSTEM INFORMATION
2.1 Hardware description
The T390 hardware is split into 3 units groups:
A basic system should be built with one medium access & one processing unit. Then the
system could be extended with teleprotection. In version 6.1, services units are not yet
available. It is possible to set one TP (internal or external) in the system.
All units are interoperable and compatible. They are automatically recognized by the HMI
upon connection and configured accordingly.
(FXO/FXS/Transit)
TDM 64channels
signaling (E&M)
T telephony +
Digital channel
Digital Speech
Teleprotection
TG telegraphy
QAM & trellis
MTU (FSK
SYSTEM
modem)
Up to 1
RS232
V11
S200 Digital Yes Yes 3 4 Up to 1 (including TPX) 1 0 0 0
Features Notes
HF Line amplifier: Output Power according to Tx filter insertion
loss and RF Bandwidth limitation, see the
1W up to 40W curves
2W up to 80W with AMP/AMPX
Bal or unbalanced 50, 75, 125,
150 Ohms
20 to 700kHz, 0.12Hz steps
Teleprotection support (2.5k or 4kHz) The Teleprotection uses an analogue
channel distinct from digital channel.
However, the channel could be shared with
analogue services
Default history queue (non- volatile events) +
special recorder module
Data recorder with advanced triggering modes Up to 10 scopes with 3 tracks of 5000
points each
On-line & Off-line maintenance module For hardware & line verifications
or commissioning purpose
Dual Full programmable alarm module with Thresholds and delays are programmable
Leds and dry contact relays for AGC, SNR, TXPEP, BER).
Logical matrix table for local and/or remote
alarms conditions
Safety presence check and lock condition
Advanced real time measures (AGC, SNR,
BER)
Advanced System diagnostics module &
training progress status
Full featured spectrum analyzer on RX
bandwidth (25.6kHz)
Features Notes
Digital QAM transmission on 1, 2, 4, 8 or Separated requires at least an interband of the
16kHz bandwidth. Separated, adjacent or width of the bandwidth. For example, 16 kHz of
superimposed bands interband is required for a total bandwidth of
16kHz.
Some configuration are in option (see keys
below)
Both Digital QAM transmission and Separated requires at least an interband of the
Analogue with TPX on 8 or 16kHz width of the bandwidth. For example, 16 kHz of
bandwidth. Separated, adjacent or interband is required for a total bandwidth of
superimposed bands 16kHz.
Some configuration are in option (see keys
below)
QAM differential encoding maps available: The QAM differential encoding map matches in
QAM4 any situation
QAM16
QAM64
QAM256
QAM1024
Trellis encoding maps available: The Trellis encoding map may be chosen to
TCM32 increase BER performances under some line
conditions, with propagation time degradations.
TCM128
QAM/Trellis map display module Up to 100ms constellation refreshing
Special pre-settings for synchronization AGC init, FSE pre-equalization
time improvement
Features Notes
Analogue or TPX transmission on 4kHz Some configuration are in option (see keys
separated bands below)
Analogue or TPX transmission on 2.5kHz Some configuration are in option (see keys
separated bands (adjacent mode only) below)
MTU channel through RS232
asynchronous interfaces
50bps Signaling channel for telephony E&M signaling
1 speech band per each channel 300-2000, 300-2200, 300-2400 (2.5 & 4kHz)
300-3400 (4khz only)
Compressor expander /limiter Enable/disable for each access (T0 or TG)
3 Telegraphs for each channel Programmable within 300-3720 bandwidth (see
complete table for details)
Cable equalizer for each access Up to 8 pre-programmed curves
Line equalizer for speech and telegraph Programmable on-site by HMI (automatic or
channel manual mode)
Built-in FSK modem for MTU
300/600/1200bps
One External Teleprotection interface Dedicated access on PRCS
A router needs to be installed on the front of the T390 to limit the quantity of
information going through the PLC link.
During the commissioning and the maintenance phase, a special feature switches the full
bandwidth of the TDM to the LAN service, giving up to gross bit rate to the LAN service (i.e.
76.8kbit/s in QAM64/16kHz).
If the LAN service is stopped it’s no more possible to configure or to do the commissioning of
the remote PLCs.
For digital system, we recommend allocating at least 10kbits/s to the LAN Service: means
(i.e. 14% of the bandwidth in QAM64/16khz), in order to support the SNMP & HMI remote
configuration routing.
2.8 Fallback Mode (digital mode only)
The Fallback mode is an optional T390 feature, which allows switching to another encoder
when line conditions are degraded.
The quality of service (maximum guaranteed BER) and delay to return to normal mode are
programmable by HMI.
The rate linked to the Fallback mode is fully programmable thanks the HMI, gicing all
possible combinations.
The Fallback mode could be engaged if all units grant it (well suited firmware package and
software key).
All services should be flagged in order to run or not in Fallback condition.
A special feature is provided for the V11 & LAN2LAN interface, where it is possible to make
it run at different speed instead of enabling/disabling the services like other ones.
2.9 AES password Encryption (Optional )
Since password has to be exchanged between the Computer HMI and the T390 through a
LAN or Wan, there is a risk that this password can be read by unauthorized person on the
network.
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QAM256 and QAM1024 both require good line condition (see SNR vs BER figure) and
proper configuration and settings (Cross talk between TX/RX filter and hybrid balancing.)
2.11 HMI
The firmware upgrade and the configuration of the T390 system are made through a
dedicated HMI software.
In addition this HMI offers several facilities, such as:
Measures retrieval
Maintenance mode
3. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 Mechanical - Design
3.1.1 Mechanical constraints:
IP 30
3.1.2 Mechanical Size
3.1.2.1 Amplifier module
480 mm
480 mm
134mm
3U
260 mm
435 mm
480 mm
480 mm
89mm
2U
260 mm
435 mm
480 mm
480 mm
45m
1U
m
260 mm
435 mm
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Processing: 15W
+ Battery to Ground
Battery to Ground
ON/OFF supply
On the PLC units no switch are provided in standard. A Circuit breaker should be installed to
supply the whole equipment and to offer the ON/OFF operation.
The Teleprotection units are optional and are used to offer integrated teleprotection services.
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4. TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
4.1 R.F Bandwidth
4.1.1 Overview
The PLC bandwidth is in relation with the number and the type of user services.
In order to satisfy the various situations and to increase our ability for adapting to various line
properties the product will provide adaptation with respect to the HV lines, by offering several
optimized pairing.
The bandwidth for a pair of Tx/Rx channel can be selected.(see Allowed combinations table
below).
The system could also operate in:
Superimposed mode (with installed key): In this mode the RX & TX channels share
the same bandwidth (Digital mode only).
Separated band mode: In this mode, RX and TX channels are separated by at least
an empty channel of the same bandwidth with a minimum of 8 kHz (e.g. for 16kHz
channels, a 16kHz interband is required between RX&TX)
Adjacent mode: in this mode, TX&TX should be put side by side without any
interband, and the TX filter of each transmitter should be programmed to cover the
complete RX+TX channels (refer to related application note for details)
The RX/TX complete channel is then used in various combination:
Whole bandwidth is assigned to mixed digital and analogue (1 slot for QAM, 1 or 2
slots for analogue)
From the user side, a choice is made during the configuration (commissioning) by the use of
pre-selected configurations.
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Separated Mode
Bandwidth Analogue mode Digital mode Mixed mode
2k + 2k Ch1/TP2 N/A N/A
2.5k + 2.5k Ch1/TP2.5 QAM2k N/A
4k + 4k Ch1/TP4 QAM4k QAM1k + Ch1/TP2 .5
5k + 5k Ch1/TP5 N/A N/A
8k + 8k Ch1/TP8 QAM8k QAM4k + Ch1/TP4
QAM2k + Ch1/TP5
12k+12k N/A N/A QAM8k+ Ch1/TP4
16k + 16k N/A QAM16k QAM8k+ Ch1/TP8
QAM8k+ Ch1/TP4 + Ch2/TP4
Ch1/TP8 + Ch2/TP8
Superimposed Mode
Bandwidth Analogue mode Digital mode Mixed mode
4k N/A QAM4k N/A
8k N/A QAM8k N/A
16k N/A QAM16k N/A
Adjacent Mode
Bandwidth Tx +Rx Analogue mode Digital mode Mixed mode
4k Ch1/TP2 N/A N/A
5k Ch1/TP2.5 QAM2k N/A
8k Ch1/TP4 QAM4k QAM1k + Ch1/TP2 .5
10k Ch1/TP5 N/A N/A
16k Ch1/TP8 QAM8k QAM4k + Ch1/TP4
QAM2k + Ch1/TP5
24k N/A N/A QAM8k + Ch1/TP4
32k N/A QAM16k QAM8k+ Ch1/TP8
QAM8k+ Ch1/TP4 + Ch2/TP4
Ch1/TP8 + Ch2/TP8
Legend:
NOTE: All bandwidth are not available for all frequency allocation, see §8
“Characteristics” for possible bandwidth respect to frequency
allocation.
All combination are given if only part of them may fit into existing
frequency plan. Usually, Frequency plans are divided into 2.5kHz or
4kHz slots.
NOTE: Ch2 is not available in version 6.1
75 ohms, unbalanced
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FSK level
72 dB for T390-AMP
A turbo mode is automatically enabled when no Teleprotection is configured, allowing to
speed up the AGC conversion algorithm.
When external Teleprotection is enabled in the system, the AGC slew rate is limited to
0.5dB/s to not conflict with external Teleprotection internal algorithms
The initialization value of the AGC could be overridden by the user through the HMI.
4.4.4 Equalization
The imperfections in the transmission channel response (amplitude distortion and group
delay distortion) are corrected by mean of an “Equalizer” system. Two kind of equalizer exist
in the system depending on the transmission mode used.
Digital mode equalizer
The digital mode equalizer is an auto-adapted filter, also called FSE (fractional space
equalizer) that works continuously in order to compensate automatically the phase rotation,
small line attenuation changes and distortions.
The equalizer starts automatically, without user intervention. However “pre-equalization” is
MANDATORY, in order to force the start conditions of the algorithm.
The SNR is measured by external means, that is to say calibrated instruments connected
directly to the line. The SNR measured within the PLC uses a different approach and is
intended to be used only for information purpose and fallback condition switching.
The SNR is computed as follow: the signal is assumed to be the QAM within the band
measured, the noise is assumed to be the same band when QAM is switched off. In this
figure, no band translation is required and the SNR is the simple ratio of Psignal / Pnoise,
whatever the bandwidth chosen for the measure (we used the bandwidth offered by the
instrument, i.e. 3.74kHz)
The BER is measured by a data tester (PFA30) connected to the V11 interface of U05 unit.
Time for measurement of BER is taken in order to have a number of received bits 10 times
the inverse of BER (e.g: a BER of 1E-8 is measured with more than 1E9 bits)
Results (16 KHz / Separated mode)
Maximal slot width: max digital bandwidth (e.g 74100 bits/s for QAM64 on 16kHz
band)
5. DIGITAL SERVICES
5.1 Data service specifications
5.1.1 Overview
3 types of data services are available on plc systems, according to the unit installed.
V24/V28 Sub-D25 interface (limited by max user rate) for Synchronous and
asynchronous modes
Asynchronous rate: from 200 bps to 38400 bps (1 start /1 or 2 stop / 1 to 9 data
bits; parity included)
NOTE: 200Bps is only available on T390 PRCS unit
NOTE: 9 data bits without parity and 8 data bits with parity
RS232 Sub-D9 interface (limited by max user rate) for asynchronous mode only
Rate: from 300 bps to 38400 bps (1 start /1 or 2 stop / 1 to 9 data bits; parity
included)
NOTE: 9 data bits without parity and 8 data bits with parity
DTE or DCE
Point to multipoint function (double interface on one channel) suits for RTU
application (polling)
5.1.2 V11 service description
5.1.2.1 V11 internal clock mode scheme (synchronous mode)
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5.1.2.2 V11 from device clock ‘on master’ mode (synchronous mode)
5.1.2.3 V11 from device clock ‘on slave’ mode (synchronous mode)
(3Kb/s) 50 ms
4 Kbit/s ~43 ms
~44 ms
2 Kbit/s ~55 ms 45 ms 60 ms
The PLC Slave recovers the Serial Clock from the incoming Data flow (Data
coming from the PLC link).
In this case, we have the following schemes:
In synchronous communication mode, this mode is also known as Service Transit Mode. It
allows the transit of one data service from one PLC link to another. The scheme is the
following:
In asynchronous communication mode, the scheme is the following:
A PLC in DTE mode is always connected by the PLC link to a PLC in DCE mode.
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19.2Kbit/s 25 ms N/A 30 ms
14.4Kbit/s 25 ms N/A 30 ms
9.6Kbit/s 26 ms N/A 30 ms
4.8Kbit/s 27 ms 27 ms 32 ms
2.4Kbit/s 27 ms 30 ms 35 ms
1.2Kbit/s 40 ms 40 ms 45 ms
600bit/s 49 ms 50 ms 60 ms
300bit/s 70 ms 75 ms 80 ms
14.4Kbit/s 25 ms N/A 30 ms
9.6Kbit/s 25 ms N/A 30 ms
4.8Kbit/s 26 ms 27 ms 32 ms
2.4Kbit/s 26 ms 28 ms 35 ms
1.2Kbit/s 30 ms 32 ms 40 ms
600bit/s 41 ms 41 ms 50 ms
300bit/s 54 ms 60 ms 70 ms
76,8 Kb/s
Rate 16K/QAM64 MAX
(Typical
19.2Kbit/s 17 ms 20 ms
14.4Kbit/s 19 ms 21 ms
9.6Kbit/s 19 ms 21 ms
4.8Kbit/s 19 ms 21 ms
2.4Kbit/s 24 ms 26 ms
1.2Kbit/s 28 ms 30 ms
600bit/s 28 ms 30 ms
300bit/s 30 ms 35 ms
DTMF signalling
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5.2.2.2 Interfacing
The command interfaces usually called E & M (M wire for input, E wire for output), is
referenced to voltages that are taken from the "ref" connector of the service unit
Input closed to REFIN voltage
Current flows from REFOUT to REFIN (usually, REFIN is -48V, REFOUT is Ground)
5.2.3 Universal telephone Unit feature
This device acts as a direct call telephone-terminating unit. It is only available on the Speech
channel 2 and 3 of each service unit.
It carries out the call criteria conversion (off-hook/on-hook, dialling, current generation,
ringing generator) through the signalling circuit.
The unit is programmed to operate as follows:
Direct Phone to Phone Mode (with Central Battery (CB) or Local Battery (LB) supply).
Line Extension FXS mode (Connection to a telephone set (CB or LB) or a fax...)
6. ANALOGUE SERVICES
Latency Latency
Rate
(typical) (Max)
1.2Kbit/s 30 ms 35 ms
600bit/s 45 ms 50 ms
300bit/s 70 ms 80 ms
Latency Latency
Rate
(typical) (Max)
1.2Kbit/s 23 ms 25 ms
600bit/s 24 ms 26 ms
300bit/s 37 ms 40 ms
200bit/s 53 ms 55 ms
This signalling uses an IUT-T R35 50 baud channel (F0 30 Hz) placed immediately after
the upper telephone channel band edge.
Its position in the spectrum is linked both to the selected telephone band and the
requirement to optimize the remaining spectrum.
The E&M distortion is less than 3ms, the E&M latency is less than 20 ms.
The maintenance handset is shared with this service with an automatic detection.
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The telegraph uses a 600 4W interface, BF analogue bandwidth with programmable filters.
As for the Telephony, the TG supports also the following features: Compander, limiter, cable
equalizer, power distribution.
The available filters are divided in two categories.
Standard filters:
End 3800 Hz
60 Hz steps
In this mode, the configurations allow to choose the input and output centre frequencies of
the telegraph, as well as the in band transmission one.
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Latency Latency
Mode
(Typical) (Max)
Interruption (transmission and reception) of all user services signals. The external
Teleprotection service is considered with no extra bandwidth in idle state
Boosting of the R.F. transmission signals (from the external Teleprotection
equipment). This boost is programmable (0, +6dB, or +12dB).
A safety presence input (Alive): If enabled by HMI, could generate an alarm when
connector is unplugged
7.1.2 Latency
Latency from TP interface to TP equipment includes transmission delays (100m line) and
algorithm internal delays.
The given latency are measured on the entire channel (i.e. 300-3800Hz for the 4 kHz
bandwidth), but keep in mind that the latency is not flat due to the filter response. For
instance, we have a typical 2.5ms latency within 500-3500Hz versus 4ms/8ms on the entire
channel.
7.1.3 Power distribution
This input may be used for external Teleprotection connection or multi-purpose analog
channel (e.g. telegraph).
In both case, we distinguish 3 operating modes:
For safety reasons, it is recommended to connect the user programmable Alarm1 to the
external safety input of the Teleprotection and program the PLC alarm1 as ‘TPX error’. In
this figure, the Teleprotection will be locked when PLC is out of service, for instance during
booting process or abnormal cases. See application noteT390-EN-AP DIP connection to
PLC for more details.
Moreover, the T390 offers a safety presence input to monitor the state of Teleprotection
equipment. This alarm is visible remotely, and can be supervised by the SNMP agent.
The T390 firmware offers also 2 additional programmable alarms:
Internal guard: in this mode, the Teleprotection provides its own guard signal.
External guard: in this mode, the Teleprotection uses the preconfigured signalling
signal as guard.
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8. INTEGRATED TELEPROTECTION
The integrated Teleprotection rack T390-TPi offers Teleprotection features following 60834-1
standard.
The communication through LVDS channel with the other racks allows taking advantage of
the PLC signal in order to get the best performances.
Four protection schemes are available for the best transfer time/dependability/security
compromise
24V
48/60V
110/130V
220V
These inputs can be freely allocated by HMI to
Command 1 to 8
8.1.2 Outputs
14 heavy duty outputs are available
They can combine Solid State Relay and electromechanical relays in order to increase the
making and breaking capacity while keeping an high capacity permanent current.
The Solid State Relay can be bypassed but the global transmission time will be increased by
7ms.
The output relays can be used to drive the position of
Output commands
Input commands
Unblocking
8.2 System
The TPI offers the possibility to use dual path (digital and analog) in order to increase the
transmission dependability.
In that case, the commands are always transmitted on the both path. The device takes
decision for output commands on reception.
The number of commands must match on both paths.
8.3 Analog modes
8.3.1 Command Number
The nominal command number is independent 4 commands per TPI and per band.
8.3.2 Coding mode
Three modes are available:
A “dual tone mode”, which means that for each command combination two tones are
sent on line
A “2+2” mixed tone mode, which means that 2 commands correspond to permissive
tripping command and are sent on single tone, with possibility to set full power on this
tone and 2 commands correspond to direct tripping command and are sent on two
tones on line
A “3+1” mixed tone mode, which means that 3 commands correspond to permissive
tripping commands and are sent on single tone, with possibility to set full power on this
tone and 1 command corresponds to a direct tripping command and is sent on two
tones on line
8.3.3 Command combination (dual tone mode only)
A special mode is available to increase the command number up to 6 by rack.
In this case the commands are not independent: priorities of some commands on the others
(see table in manual T390-EN-TP).
8.3.4 Set/Reset (dual tone mode only)
Set/reset is a special mode useful to transmit permanent commands.
In this case, a pulse (whose duration is configurable by HMI) is transmitted to mean the
command start and another pulse to mean the command end.
In case of default, an acknowledge between systems ensures the command integrity
Available modes are
3 set/reset commands
8.3.5 Working modes
Three working modes are available for the Teleprotection:
Internal guard: in this mode, the Teleprotection provides its own guard signal
(application are TP in band and TP over QAM when QAM is superimposed)
External guard: in this mode, the Teleprotection uses the preconfigured signalling
signal as guard (application TP over Speech)
TP on QAM separate mode (dual tone mode only): in case of digital services
configured, the Digital modulation can be used as guard for the integrated
teleprotection
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Either low
Or null (the teleprotection does not need any extra guard signal in case of TP over
speech or TP over QAM)
The operator can choose by HMI which analog or/and digital channels are cut to free power
for the best compromise between service integrity and power for commands.
Cut all the services for maximum power dedicated to commands (up to PEP minusthe
level reserved for system pilot).
Share the power between the services and the Teleprotection commands
The band used by the TP is always cut.
8.3.7 Tone levels
The tone levels in Transmission are configurable up to the maximum power available.
The tone levels in Reception are configurable from -30dB to + 30dB respect to the expected
value.
8.3.8 Band used
The bandwidth use for command transmission is the speech bandwidth in the case of TP
over speech and 1800Hz otherwise.
The band frequency can be configured by HMI within the used band (dual tone mode in band
only)
8.3.9 Performance
See performance table for details.
8.3.10 Extra functions and Alarms
8.3.10.1 Maximun transmission time
Useful only with normal commands: it shall not be set with SET/RESET.
This function by cutting too long duration commands:
Protects the amplifier from too long duration commands (High power duration
commands)
It is possible to allocate both commands and unblocking on the same relay (dual tone
mode only). In this case, the relay state on alarm is trigged either by major alarm or by
unblocking.
8.3.10.3 SNR
In case of burst of noise, an alarm appears to inform the operator that the link is not
operating correctly.
Delays and levels are configurable by HMI for user alarm.
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8.5 Alarms
8.5.1 Communication Alarm
The communication alarm monitors the communication path. In case of impossibility to
transmit commands, the LED switches ON.
For Analog path, triggers are Signal Loss or SNR or Blocking Alarm or LVDS link
broken
In case of dual path, the communication alarm triggers only if both path are broken
The major alarm is triggered and the output commands are released according to the output
configuration.
8.5.2 Minor and Major alarms
Two kinds of alarms are available:
Major alarm: alarm that does not lock the system and prevent any command
transmission
Minor alarm: Minor default of the system that does not prevent the command
transmission (e.g. loss of one path in dual path mode)
These alarms can be freely allocated to the outputs. Relays from 9 to 13 are recommended
(Normally closed contact available).
Led indication in front panel is present for minor and major alarm.
Type of blinking indicates the alarm Status:
User alarm1 copies the Major alarm with configurable delay in HMI
User alarm2 copies the Minor alarm with configurable delay in HMI
Led indication in front panel is present for User Alarm 1 and 2.
These alarms can be freely allocated to the outputs. Relays from 9 to 13 are recommended
(Normally closed contact available).
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Alarm table
Events are recorded in a flash memory (inputs switching, outputs and commands)
9. CHARACTERISTICS
9.1 T390-AMP/AMPX
1
With limitations on the output power for narrow filters in the upper part for the PLC band
2
2.5 kHz single channel available only in low part of PLC band (under 150 kHz). The normal operation
is adjacent Rx and Tx channel on 5kHz filters.
3
In the upper part of band, the real HF bandwidth of the narrow filters (4,5 and 8 kHz nominal
bandwidth) must be extended to avoid losses. Therefore, some restriction should be made
regarding the paralleling of PLC equipments (extension of IEC495 tapping loss requirements).
4
Lower frequency could not be lower than 5/2xBW (e.g. for 32kHz, lowfreq>80kHz)
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5
Default settings for AGC init, jumper RXF -12dB not enabled, separated mode.
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Dimensions 480x260x89mm
MTBF
PRCS 22 years @ 30°C 20 years @ 45°C
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General features
Power Supply
Input type DC voltage
Voltage 48V= typical (38 to 72V wide range)
Power 19W typical/30W max
Permanent current without commands 19W
Permanent current with all relays only 28W
Permanent current with all relays & commands 30W
Inrush current 12A <1.5ms , 9A for 1.5<t<500ms
Environmental (in operation)
Normal -5 °C / +50°C according to 721-3-3 class 3K5
operational
temperature
Max temperature -30°C
+ 55 °C according to IEC 495 clause 3.1
Max relative 95 % at 23 °C
humidity
Environmental (Storage)
Temperature -40 °C < T < +70°C
Relative humidity 100%
Insulation & EMC
Insulation IEC 60495 / IEC 60950
EMC (emissions) Radiated and conducted IEC 61000-6-4 (CISPR11)
EMC (immunity) IEC61000-6-2 / IEC61000-6-5
C3790.1/C3790.3/C3790.3
Mechanical
Weight TPI: 3600 g
operation 3M1 according to IEC 60721-3-3
storage 2M1 according to IEC 60721-3-2
Dimensions 480x260x44,5mm
IEC 255-21-1 vibration response Class 2
IEC 255-21-1 vibration endurance Class 1
IEC 255-21-2 Shock response Class 2
IEC 255-21-2 Shock withstand Class 1
IEC 255-21-2 Bump Class 1
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General features
MTBF
General features
Inputs
input available 8
Mode decoupling opto couplers
working inputs the input allocation is freely configurable by HMI
Max Input
voltage 290VDC
Input Range selectable
by
jumpers 24V 48-60V 110-129V 220-250V
Max trigger
threshold 18V 36V 80V 170V
Minimum switch
off voltage
Impedance At
(tolerance of nominal
10%) voltage 6000 10000 18000 39000
Logical AND/OR/XOR
Combination
Input filters 0-100ms by steps of 0,1 ms
Max input
frequency 50 Hz in permanent
Holding Delay 0-500ms by steps of 1ms
Input validation 0-25ms by steps of 1ms
Delay
1000
100
Max DC Voltage(A)
EMR
Combined
10
1
0,1 1 10
DC current(A)
Digital
General features
number of 2/4/8
commands
Application 3 different types selectable by group of 2 commands
Types
Alarm on Ber Two thresholds available for Minor and Major BER alarm
Alarm on 10-30ms by step of 1ms
propagation
Time
Measure of performed in link loop, accuracy of 1ms
transfer time
Interfaces V11 G703-1 G703-6 Optical
available daughter daughter board daughter board link
board
Protection Protection against path switching and loop back
Electrical
connector Sub-D 15
V11
Clock source internal or external
Clock speed Range 32-256 kbps
Communication
Mode Data received on internal clock/external clock
G703-6
Clock source internal or external
Type E1 2Mbps
G703-1
Clock source internal or external
Clock speed 64 kbps
Optical
connector Type LC-LC
Communication Monomode 1550nm long haul
Type
1310nm short haul
1550nm simplex bidirectional interface
Multimode 850 nm for C3794 compatible application
Tx failure
LOS on Rx
Slots of 64kbps 1/2/4
on 2Mbps frame
interface type
and
characteristics by SFP modules
C3794 function compatibility with C3794 system with 850nm SFP
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Digital
Performance according to 60834-1
Protection mode Blocking Permissive Direct
Tripping
N Cycles required 1 2 3
D Hamming distance 3 2 2
Transfer Time 64 kbps 4 CMDS 6 ms 7 ms 8 ms
Transfer Time 2Mbps 4 CMDS <1ms <1 ms <1ms
Dependability Pmc = Probability of a <1E-35 <1E-20 <1E-15
Missing Command
(Pmc) for
BER = 1E-3 (10ms)
Analog
General features
Number of 4 independent commands
commands
6 commands with priorities
Case dual tone
2 commands + 1 SET/RESET
1 command + 2 SET/RESET
3 SET/RESET
Number of 2+2 : 2 permissives and 2 direct trippings
commands
3+1 : 3 permissives and 1 direct tripping
Case Mixed
mode
SET RESET Type of application designed for continuous commands such as
switchgear position copy
The Transmission duration is configurable in the 10-200ms range
Frequency And power Allocation
Type According to services configured, the TP band allocated
TP over speech TP over empty TP over QAM
Power allocation operator can configure the channel to cut
during command transmission
Bandwidth TP over speech TP over empty TP over QAM
1800Hz 1800Hz same as QAM bandwidth
Alarm and special features
SNR alarm Low/High Limits and trigger delays configurable by HMI
Signal Loss Low/High Limits and trigger delays configurable by HMI
Unblocking
function 1 output contact can be allocated
unblocking following Cigre Joint Working Group 34/35.11
Alarm on
Command too configurable by HMI from 0 to 2,5s by step of 0,1s
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Analog
Long
Performance according to 60834-1 dual tone mode
T0 (ms) Puc Pmc
Type 1 / Blocking 12 3E-05 7E-04
Type 2 /
12 7E-07 <7E-05
Permissive
TP over QAM Type 3 /Direct
14 1E-09 <1,3E-06
tripping fast
Type 4 / Direct
40 1E-09 <1E-6
tripping slow
Type 1 / Blocking 9 4E-05 9E-04
Type 2 /
9 <1E-6 8E-05
Permissive
Type 3 / Direct
TP in band 10 1E-09 <1E-6
tripping fast
Type 4 / Direct
40 1E-09 <1E-6
tripping slow
Type 1 / Blocking 12 <4E-05 1,8E-03
Type 2 /
12 <1E-06 2,6E-04
Permissive
Type 3 Direct
TP over speech 12 1E-09 <1E-6
tripping fast
Type 4 / Direct
40 1E-09 <1E-6
tripping slow
Recovery Time <45ms for SNR= 0dB
(Tac after noise <65ms for SNR = -5dB
burst)
Performance according to 60834-1 mixed tone mode
Dependability
Tac (ms) at Security(Puc)
T0 (ms) (Pmc) at
SNR=6dB at worst case
SNR=6dB
Permissive -3 -4
12 15 <10 <10
commands
Direct tripping -4 -6
15 30 <10 <10
commands
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General features
Number of 4 independent commands
commands
Frequency +/- 1Hz
Accuracy HF
Cross Talk < -65 dBmp
Selectivity < 55 dBm0 as per IEC 60495 § 5.3.1.5
MTBF
MTBF (years)
Systems @30°C @45°C
S200-40 17 15
S200-80 15 13
S201-40 11 9
S201-80 10 9
Minimum bandwidth spacing for paralleling equipment
Digital mode Min 8 kHz or equal to a bandwidth
Analogue mode Transmitter to adjacent transmitter 8 kHz
Transmitter to adjacent receiver 8 kHz
Receiver to adjacent receiver 8 kHz
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Product /Project name – Type of document
Alstom Grid
www.alstom.com
e-terra T390
Universal Power Line Carrier
OVERALL SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
Version 6.2
T390/EN OS
GRID
Product /Project name – Type of document
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 8
1.1 Definitions 8
1.2 List of acronyms and abbreviations 8
2. OVERVIEW 10
2.1 Hardware & Firmware description 10
2.2 Firmware Packages 10
2.3 Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) 10
3. OPTIONAL FEATURES 11
3.1 Superimposed mode 13
3.2 Fallback mode 13
3.3 ADPCM 13
3.4 High Speed Modem 13
3.5 LAN to LAN 14
3.6 IRIG-B/SNTP 15
3.7 Point to Multipoint 15
3.8 SNMP 15
3.9 Security pack 15
3.10 Set Reset 16
6. OPERATIONS 35
6.1 Information upload (from PLC to PC) 35
6.2 Firmware package update 35
6.3 Event logging 37
6.4 History logging 38
6.5 Recorder 39
6.6 Maintenance 42
6.6.2 TPI tab 49
6.7 Tests and measurements 50
6.7.1 The Line tab 50
6.7.2 The BER tab 52
6.7.3 The Constellation tab (QAM) 54
6.7.4 The Data Recorder tab 55
6.7.5 Alarm Status 56
6.7.6 System Diagnosis Status 57
6.7.7 Spectrum Analyser 58
6.7.8 TPI 58
7. PREFERRED CONFIGURATIONS 60
7.1 3 speeches + 3 signalings in 8kHz Analog band 60
7.2 3 speeches over 4kHz, 8kHz, or 16kHz Digital with separate Tx and Rx bands 60
7.3 3 speeches over 16kHz Digital with superimposed Tx and Rx bands 60
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7.4 1 speech and 1 signaling in 4kHz Analog + 1kHz Digital (Mixte mode 4kHz) 60
7.5 2 speeches + 2 signalings in 5 kHz Analog + 2 kHz Digital (Mixte mode 8kHz) 60
7.6 3 speeches + 3 signalings in 8 kHz Analog + 8 kHz Digital (Mixte mode 16kHz) 61
7.7 2 speeches + 2 signalings + 2 MTU in 8kHzAnalog 61
7.8 4 MTU in 8kHz Analog 61
7.9 4 MTU in 4kHz Analog 61
7.10 1 speech + 1 signaling +1 TG in 4kHz Analog 61
7.11 1 speech + 1 signaling + 2 TG in 4 kHz Analog 62
7.12 1 speech + 1 signaling + 1 TG + 1 MTU in 8kHz Analog 62
7.13 1 speech + 1 signaling in 8 kHz Analog + 8 Khz Digital (mode Mixte 16kHz) 62
7.14 1 speech + 1 signaling in 8 kHz Analog + 8 Khz Digital (mode Mixte 16kHz) 62
8. FIRMWARE CONFIGURATION 63
8.1 Offline: Full 63
8.2 Online: Services (Maint.) 63
8.3 Online: Patches 64
LIST OF FIGURES
Version History
BLANK PAGE
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1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes the modular PLC T390 system and outlines its commissioning. It
provides a broad conceptual and technical overview of the system and the available features
and facilities, and points the user towards more detailed descriptions within the T390
documentation set.
1.1 Definitions
The following list identifies some commonly used terms and defines their specific meaning in
the context of this manual:
Board: A board is an electronic card (PCB) and all its components and connectors. A board
is always assembled and tested.
Unit: A unit is a physical 19-inch rack containing boards and connectors offering distinct
functionality such as amplification, signal processing, services, and teleprotection. A unit
includes the rack unit casing, boards, internal cables, and modules.
System: A system is a rack assembly of units and must include at least one Amplifier (AMP)
and one Processing Unit (PRCS). For increased power up to 80W, an additional amplifier
(AMPX) can be added. The PRCS unit offers a basic set of service functions but this can be
greatly extended by adding one or more Service Units (SRV), up to a maximum of nine.
Link: A link, sometimes “PLC system” or even just “PLC” refers to a complete configuration
of equipment at both ends of the physical link (the High Voltage Line), including the line
itself. Provided there is little risk of ambiguity, “System” can also be used loosely to cover
this wider definition.
Interface: An interface is a connector that is accessible on the exterior of a unit. This
connector can be used for internal needs of the product such as LVDS connectivity or the
power supply chain. It can also be used for customer access, such as for speech or data.
1.2 List of acronyms and abbreviations
ACRONYMS MEANING
ADPCM Adaptation Digital Pulse Code Modulation
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
APP Application message
AREC Adaptive Reference Echo Cancellation
DAGC Digital Automatic Gain Control
BITST Bit stream
DTE/DCE Data Terminal/Communication Equipment
CR Carrier Recovery
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
EC Echo Canceller
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
FSE Fractional Space Equalizer
FSM Finite State Machine
FXO Foreign Exchange Office
FXS Foreign Exchange Subscriber
HF High frequency
HMI Human Machine Interface
ID or IDP Identification Protocol
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ACRONYMS MEANING
IDMP Identification protocol Master Protocol
IRIG-B Inter-Range Instrumentation Group B
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telephony
LAN Local Area Network
LAN to LAN IP-based system of connecting devices on separate LANs within
a network
LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signalling
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MTU Multipurpose Telegraph Unit (Built-in modem)
PEP Peak Envelope Power
PLC Power Line Carrier
PTM Point to Multipoint
PTP Point to Point
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QOS Quality Of Service
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SESR Severely Error Seconds Ratio
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol
SR Symbol Recovery
XPRG FPGA Xilinx program
2. OVERVIEW
This section introduces the main components of the Power Line Carrier T390 System.
A T390 system offers comprehensive transmission capabilities over power lines using Power
Line Carrier (PLC) technologies. It allows for voice and data transmission and can integrate
a teleprotection system in order to react to problems in the electrical network.
A T390 PLC Link employs two T390 systems, communicating along the power line, with
each system located on a distribution or transmission substation. The two sites may well be
several hundred kilometres apart.
The two T390 systems are arranged in a master/slave configuration. The combination of
equipment making up each of the two systems must be identical.
T390 units are modular and can be adapted to the customer’s needs in terms of services
(such as a mix of speech and data channels, or data rates). The minimum configuration for a
T390 system is one AMP Unit and one PRCS Unit, but this can be expanded by the addition
of a second amplifier (AMPX) and one TPI unit
Additionally, a global software package is installed on the system: this software package is
available in various levels to allow for differing ranges and performance.
2.1 Hardware & Firmware description
Hardware and firmware for each type of unit is fully described in the relevant documents
(identified above in the section “Document context and version history”).
2.2 Firmware Packages
All units are delivered with the latest kernel (T390 operating system), and can be upgraded
on-site using the Human Machine Interface (HMI).
Each unit must be loaded with a dedicated firmware set, properly configured for correct
system operation. Firmware sets consist of the main software for the particular unit, plus
specific add-ons according to the required feature (see the table below for the available add-
ons for each unit).
Coherency checks are made by the hardware and firmware at boot time. A second check is
made by the connected HMI during configuration.
Contact your representative for availability and price.
2.3 Human-Machine-Interface (HMI)
The Human Machine Interface (HMI) program runs on a PC and is used for all access,
configuration, measurement, and maintenance on a PLC system.
Firmware means all programs or FPGA bit streams that are downloaded onto the PLC
system.
A Software bundle is always delivered with each system, on a CD-ROM.
Use the version of HMI delivered with your firmware package to avoid compatibility issues.
The use of HMI software, for maintenance and measurement, is described in this document.
Use of the HMI with specific units (AMP, AMPX, PRCS and TPI) is described in their
respective user manuals.
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3. OPTIONAL FEATURES
The T390 architecture is flexible and modular: starting from the minimum requirement of one
Processing Unit (PRCS) and one Amplifier (AMP), the customer can assemble the required
configuration by adding an additional Amplifier Unit (AMPX, for up to 80W) and one TPI. The
same flexibility applies to the firmware: the features and facilities in the baseline
configuration can be extended by the purchase of option keys, giving access to a wide range
of enhancements. A list of available keys is given in the following table:
Computer
NETWORK
Config PLC3
D0571ENa
Compliant with standard 802.1q for VLAN transport (Virtual LAN is a local network of
equipment grouped logically, but not necessarily physically).
3.6 IRIG-B/SNTP
Purchase and installation of KEY-IRIGB enables options for time synchronization of the PLC.
Enabling the IRIG-B input interface allows synchronization of the PRCS unit real time clock
with an external time generator device, such as a GPS clock device.
If LAN to LAN is activated, then the IRIG B function can activate time synchronization from
an SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) server, accessed through the Ethernet interface.
3.7 Point to Multipoint
Point to Multipoint (PTM) is used when access is required to remote and/or local RTU
devices, as illustrated below in Figure 2.
PTM analogue services are included in the standard system. Digital PTM services become
available on a digital-enabled system (KEY-DIGITAL) following the purchase and installation
of KEY-PTM.
SCADA
PLC1 PLC2 PLC3 PLC4
IP1 IP2 IP3 IP4
RTU1 RTU3
D0625ENa
To create, enter, and activate a permanent customer login and password, you must set it in
the Maintenance|System Security Management. As shown in Figure 3:
FIGURE 3: AES
Three user levels are available:
Login and password stored in PLC, meaning authentication on the PLC, without AES
Telephone Telephone
Fax
Computer
Digital PBX
Printer
Computer
Printer ETHERNET LAN
Computer
ETHERNET LAN
Internet
rack dimensions
number of racks
environmental conditions
Choose an open space far from other equipment, if possible, and with good
ventilation, to reduce climatic stress.
Leave at least 1U (44mm) between each unit. This space can be used for cable
holdings or fan units.
Put the units on the rear of the rack: no cabling is required on the back except the
grounding braid refer to in the Application Note: Installation check. This layout will give
more space on the front for cabling and user accessibility.
Fix the units firmly on the rack with the supplied bolts and screws or equivalents.
Connect each unit to earth/ground using a large tinned copper braid to provide low
impedance between the cases and earth/ground.
5.2.1.4 Modules presentation
All modules are interconnected through a high speed link, also called the LVDS link.
Use the supplied T390-Harting manufacturer cables to connect the units.
The connection scheme must conform to the following:
Both connectors of each unit should be connected in such a way that the connector
could be left connected when the system is on-line.
The chain-in of each unit must be connected to the chain-out of one of the other units,
although no particular order is required.
Use the appropriate cable length to connect the units. Supplied cables within the kit
allow a standard layout configuration, but other cable lengths can be ordered to suit
different configurations.
5.2.4 Connection to High Voltage Electrical Line through Line Matching Unit
This is detailed in the AMP document, Amplifier Description and Configuration, T390/EN AM.
5.3 HMI Introduction
This section introduces the Human Machine Interface (HMI), illustrates the user interface,
and describes the basics of operation and access.
5.3.1 Main window description
On launching the HMI, the main window is displayed, as shown in Figure 12:
5.3.2 Toolbar
The toolbar is located below the menu bar, and is illustrated in Figure 13:
The following table describes the various messages displayed in the status bar:
Status bar
Description Values
info position
- Disconnected
TCP/IP or remote Connection
1 - Connected
status
- Connecting
Setup of the parameters is normally done at integration time, but further modifications may
occasionally be needed at installation and operation time. The settings are applied through
the HMI from a PC.
Connect the administration PC to the T390 unit through the Ethernet connector of any unit in
the system and then launch the HMI. Select Tools|Configuration from the main menu bar
of the HMI. If the HMI has been launched in connected mode, the Hardware Configuration
window shown in Figure 26 is displayed:
If the HMI has been launched in disconnected mode, the following window is displayed:
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Once the hardware configuration is completed, click Next to display the System
Configuration Window, as shown in Figure 28:
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A 2-wire phone is connected to each side of the T390 speech channel. When the phone is
taken off-hook on one side of the line, the phone at the other end rings (see note below on
call alerts). If the other end is already off-hook, a busy tone is sent back.
ONLY CHANNELS B AND C SUPPORT THIS CONFIGURATION.
PHONES ARE EITHER ACTUAL PHONES OR FAX. NO OTHER DEVICE
(E.G. MODEM) CAN BE CONNECTED.
In this mode:
The T390 channel connected to the PABX must be set as FXO (Foreign Exchange
Office).
The T390 channel connected to the phone must be set as FXS (Foreign Exchange
Subscriber).
In this mode, the PLC channels can act towards the PABX either as 2-wire or 4-wire (or
automatic mode). This allows support for several handsets at each end of a PLC system,
and thus allows several concurrent communications (with a maximum of one line per speech
channel).
All speech channels (A, B, and C) support this configuration.
WHEN ON THE SAME UNIT, THE MAINTENANCE HANDSET AND
CHANNEL A ARE LINKED. THIS MEANS THAT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO
USE THE MAINTENANCE HANDSET AND CHANNEL A AT THE SAME
TIME. TO KEEP THE EMERGENCY FUNCTIONALITY OF THE
MAINTENANCE HANDSET, IF THE MAINTENANCE HANDSET IS TAKEN
OFF HOOK WHILE CHANNEL A IS ACTIVE, THE CHANNEL A
COMMUNICATION IS IMMEDIATELY CUT.
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In this case, the PLC data end acts as master towards the DTE, i.e. the clock signal is
provided by the PLC data end.
5.6.2.2 T390 Data Channel as DTE/DCE
In this case:
One of the PLC data ends acts as master towards the DTE, i.e. the clock signal is
provided by the PLC data end.
The external device provides the clock signal, the external DCE acts as master
towards the other PLC data end.
5.6.2.3 DCE2 (Back to Back) Mode
In this case, the two DCE2 PLC systems must be located on the same site and directly
connected to each other. For usage efficiency, it is recommended that all data channels use
this mode on such a configuration. The PLC data end provides the DCE PLCs act as
masters towards the related DTEs, i.e. the clock signal.
Regarding the two PLC Units connected as DCE2, they act as a master towards each other
on their transmission link.
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6. OPERATIONS
6.1 Information upload (from PLC to PC)
Operational information, such as events, records, and memory dumps are stored for system
debugging and tracing.
This information is stored on flash memories and can be downloaded to a PC running the
HMI for later analysis.
Additionally, software packages are stored in upgradeable FPGA. The contents of these
FPGA can be uploaded to a PC for backup purposes.
The related operations are generally performed during maintenance or normal operation.
There are two operating modes for events and history logs retrieval. These are detailed in
section 6.3 Event logging and section 6.4 History logging.
6.2 Firmware package update
Firmware contains the Operating System as well as specific applications that depend on:
An Open dialog is displayed for the user to select the script, as shown below:
Backup the configuration of your system on both sides (master and slave)
If the package includes a new kernel release, install that first and then reboot the
system, before installing anything else
If your upgrade package contains a new unit-specific release, install that next
Apply a system configuration, click Confirm in the dialog box, and wait until all units
have their LEDs flashing
Chrono: event incremental counter – the icon indicates the gravity of the event
Directly from T390 Unit, by clicking Retrieve from PLC or by double clicking on a unit
in the list. This can be done only in connected mode. The Retrieve from PLC button
is inactive in disconnected mode.
From a file stored on the PC, by clicking Load. This can be done in both connected
and disconnected mode.
In order to load events from a file, they must first have been saved. This is achieved by
clicking Save, once some events have been uploaded and displayed in the event window.
Progress of all of the above operations can be monitored with the progress bar at the foot of
the window.
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An additional filtering functionality is also available: it allows the user to filter events on the
basis of their ID and a date panel.
6.4 History logging
History information can be logged in RAM (instead of FLASH memory).
This history can be retrieved from the HMI using roughly the same method as for events.
This logging is provided for debugging purpose only. No detailed documentation is available
describing the logs or their content. They are intended only to guide the hotline or support
staff when solving a problem or failure in the PLC system.
The related operations are performed during normal operation phase.
History logging is accessed through the main menu bar by selecting PLC|History Logging,
which displays the following window:
Level: a hierarchy of events is defined, which implies sub-events. Level 0 identifies the
top level of the hierarchy.
Gravity: identifies potential for damage to the system. In decreasing order of gravity,
the possible values are:
Fatal Error: Halts the system
Error: Requires the system to be restarted, generally generates automatic
reset or automatic boot sequence
Warning: Information message; suspect a problem that may lead to an error
Reporting: Change of status, without operational impact
Directly from the T390 unit, by selecting Retrieve from PLC, or by double-clicking on
a unit in the list. This can be done only in connected mode (the button is inactive in
disconnected mode).
From a file stored on the PC, by clicking Load from File. This can be done whether in
connected or disconnected mode.
In order to load events from a file, they must first have been saved from a T390 unit. To save
uploaded events that are currently on display, click Save to File.
Progress of the operations can be monitored from the progress bar at the foot of the window.
An additional filtering functionality is also available: it allows the user to filter events on the
basis of its characteristics (level, gravity…).
6.5 Recorder
The HMI provides a facility for recording actions on the HMI, for later analysis. These records
depend on configurable events: when a specific trigger is encountered, the HMI records HMI
activity before and after this trigger.
The related operations are performed during the normal operation phase.
Recording facilities are accessed through the main menu bar by selecting PLC|Recorder,
which displays the window shown in Figure 34.
Note that only PRCS and AMP events can be recordered, not the TPI events.
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The Allow a new trigger after text box identifies the minimum time in ms between
two recorded events
The Event slots text box sets the minimum number of events between two triggers
Events stored around a trigger constitute a page.
Click Apply to store the recorder configuration.
The lower part of this pane relates to actions and information on the recorder base itself.
The recorder status indicates whether the recorder is empty, full, or if some records are
available (Page available) through non-editable radio buttons.
The recorder status is “empty” as long as the first page of events triggered is not full. Note
that when the recorder status changes, the window is not refreshed automatically, click on
the refresh button to see if new events appeared and if recorder status has changed.
As long as the recorder status is “empty”, the view button is inactive.
Click Refresh to load the records from the PLC, click Erase All to clear the recorder, or click
Close to exit the recorder display.
Overall System Description T390/EN OS
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6.6 Maintenance
The HMI can drive the PLC in order to make some tests on the line, such as line response to
tone signals, signal generation test, system reboot, or shutdown.These tests can only be
performed if the T390 system is in maintenance (TEST) mode. Driving the PLC through the
HMI ensures this condition.
Note that the PC running the HMI must be connected directly to the system under test; the
operations involved cannot be performed remotely through the Power Line link.
This functionality is accessed through the main menu by selecting PLC|Maintenance, which
displays a pane with seven available tabs:
System equalization
Multitones
Processing
Loopback
Misc
NOTE: Wait for complete synchronization of the link to get true values for
AGC.
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Single Tone: the user can select in the table on the right of the pane up to four tones
to be sent.
Multi Tones: the tone characteristics are pre-defined and not editable by the user. The
number of tones and the associated frequencies depend on the RF bandwidth in use
(this bandwidth is set on the amplifier unit, on which more information can be found in
Amplifier Description and Configuration, T390/EN AM):
Fixed Symbol : the symbol consists of one 8-bit character and is indicated in
hexadecimal notation in the corresponding text box
LAN to LAN: full gross bit rate is assigned to the LAN to LAN feature
The choice of maintenance mode is made by clicking the relevant Switch button.
6.6.1.6 Loopback tab
It is possible to apply a loopback on all digital and analog channels using this tab.
The loopback mode must be selected by right clicking on a channel and selecting the
required option:
This tab offers two basic functions: Reboot System and Shutdown System. Both options
allow a controlled shutdown of the PLC system, saving all parameters or pending events.
Always use one of these options rather than the hardware power switch.
6.6.2 TPI tab
The TPI tab gives the possibility to force input commands and output commands and to
reinitialize the TPI command counters.
A more complete description of each subtab is given in T390/EN TP.
Data recorder
System diagnostics
Alarms
Spectrum analyzer
TX Power (analog)
The PEP value in dBm is displayed on a graphical bar and in a text box.
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SNR Panel
The SNR value in dB is displayed on a graphical bar and in a text box.
The signal is assumed to be the Rx FSK signal (70Hz band), meaning that for all
configurations (4k, 8k, 16k), the measurement is always the same. The noise is assumed to
be the mirrored 70Hz beside the QAM channel. For superimposed band mode, the noise is
measured outside the band, assuming that an interband of 8kHz is left beside the channel.
The SNR measured within the PLC HMI is intended to be used only for information purpose
and fallback condition switching.
Noise and Rx Signal
This is an estimation of the noise and the Rx signal measured on the incoming signal, in dB.
AGC Operation
The AGC value in dB is displayed on a graphical bar and in a text box. The vertical bars
identify the thresholds (AGC high-level threshold and AGC low-level threshold) that have
been defined for the Amplifier Unit.
There are two AGCs: one digital, one anologue.
Temperature (Additional Panel)
The temperature of the system in degrees Celsius.
6.7.2 The BER tab
The Windowed BER value is displayed on a graphical bar and in a text box.
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BER G821
The G821 Status window shows the global status of G821:
OK: no errors/slippages/skipped bits or sync loss have occurred.
WARNING: No error has occurred, but there are slippages and/or skipped bits and/or sync
loss.
Otherwise, the current BER is displayed in this panel.
The right hand side of the tab contains all G821 compliant statistics.
Click Refresh to resend a signal with the configured settings and refresh the results.
If Auto-Refresh is checked, the display is refreshed at regular intervals.
6.7.3 The Constellation tab (QAM)
6.7.8 TPI
The TPI tab () allows checking the state of following parameters:
Input commands
This subtab gives the current status of inputs.
Output commands
This subtab gives the current status of output relays.
Counters
This subtab gives the number of Tx and Rx commands since the last reinitialization
Analog
Overall System Description T390/EN OS
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This subtab gives the current measured level of each tone of the teleprotection (including the
guard)
Digital
This subtab gives the the instantaneous BER, measured on 1E6 bits and the propagation
delay in ms
Alarms
This subtab gives the current status of all TPi alarms.
A more complte description of all subtabs is given in T390/EN TP.
7. PREFERRED CONFIGURATIONS
The following configurations are preferred and have been more accurately tested during the test
campaign.
7.2 3 speeches over 4kHz, 8kHz, or 16kHz Digital with separate Tx and Rx bands
Tx Rx
QAM QAM
Teleprotection
QAM
16 kHz
7.4 1 speech and 1 signaling in 4kHz Analog + 1kHz Digital (Mixte mode 4kHz)
QAM
signaling Separate
Speech
1 kHz
1700
300 2500 4000
7.5 2 speeches + 2 signalings in 5 kHz Analog + 2 kHz Digital (Mixte mode 8kHz)
signaling signaling
QAM
Separate
Speech Speech
2 kHz
1700 1700
300 2500 5000
8000
Overall System Description T390/EN OS
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7.6 3 speeches + 3 signalings in 8 kHz Analog + 8 kHz Digital (Mixte mode 16kHz)
QAM
signaling signaling
Speech Speech Speech Separate
1700 or 1900 or 2100 1700 or 1900 or 2100 1700 or 1900 or 2100 8 kHz
0 Hz Hz Hz
300 16000
1200bds 600bds
600bds 600bds
300 3720 8000
M M
MTU MTU T T
U U
signaling
Speech TG
2400
0 300 4000
3720
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signaling
Speech TG TG
2400
0 300 4000
3720
400 bds
0 300 2400 8000
7.13 1 speech + 1 signaling in 8 kHz Analog + 8 Khz Digital (mode Mixte 16kHz)
TPi
signaling
QAM
Speech Separate
8000 8 kHz
0 2400 16000
7.14 1 speech + 1 signaling in 8 kHz Analog + 8 Khz Digital (mode Mixte 16kHz)
Teleprotection QAM
signaling
Speech Separate
8000 8 kHz
2400
300
16000
Overall System Description T390/EN OS
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8. FIRMWARE CONFIGURATION
All parameters must be set correctly and must be consistent with the remote PLC.
Please refer to the relevant manuals for a description of the various parameters.
There are three options available for firmware configuration, as follows:
Offline configuration
Online patches
The preferred option is selected from the panel at the lower left of the configuration window.
Wooden boxes for ship, aircraft and truck transportation which is likely take longer
than 60 days.
Cardboard boxes for aircraft or truck transportation likely to take less than 30 days
9.1 Unpacking
production mark
destination
net weight
dimensions
Extract any nails if the container is a wooden box, or the metal staples if container is a
compensated wood or carton box
Wood or plywood boxes can be kept outdoors provided they are protected against rain
and sunlight.
Long term storage temperature must be between -40 °C and +70 °C.
Take out the carton pre-packing from the polyethylene tube by cutting one end. Do not
throw away the tube as it may later be needed for repacking.
Do not throw away the tube as it may later be needed for re-packing.
Check that the equipment was not damaged in transport, but if it was then contact the
company representative.
9.2.1.1 Equipment repacking
To repack equipment, proceed as follows:
Insert the unit in its polyethylene tube and seal with adhesive tape
Set the unit on the bed and insert the bed in the box
Close the wood crate with the nails and the cardboard box with the metal staples
Take care with the front panel switcher: there is a specific cutout on the bed to protect
it during shipment
Overall System Description T390/EN OS
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V1 3 MOV 250Vrms / 6500A / 130J (HF Line common mode and differential
mode)
V2 1 MOV 75Vrms / 6500A / 33J (Power Supply)
TB1 2 Female Plug for Power Supply connection
(screw connection)
TB2 1 Female Plug for Alarms connection
(screw connection)
TB3 1 Female Plug for VSU board references connections.
PL1 1 Power Subconnect Plug for HF Line
CH1 1 Cable Housing for PL1
LEV1 1 Levers for WAGO Connectors
CAB1 1 Cable for LVDS 0,4m
CAB2 1 Cable for LVDS 1m
JMP1 15 Set of jumpers for RXF and Hybrid adjust (black or others color)
JMP2 10 Set of jumpers for TXF (Red)
JMP3 1 Jumper for TXF JP49 (unbalanced mode)
KIT AMPX
Code Qty Item
BAG 1 Flat mini grip transparent bag
TB1 1 Power supply connector female plug
JMP1 20 Jumper red insulated-PCC 6.33mm for TXF board
CAB1 1 Cable SUB-D 9 points (for Low Power signals 0.4m)
CAB2 1 Cable BNC-BNC (for High Power signals 0.5m)
LEV1 2 Operating Lever for female and male con
KIT TPI
Code Qty Item
BAG 1 Polythene bag with zip seal
23mm x 32mm x 100m
LAB 1 Sticker with "KIT 9000501"
TB1 1 Female Plug for P7 connection
(screw connection)
TB2 4 Female Plug for P1 to P4 connection (screw connection)
TB3 2 Female Plug for P5 to P6 connection (screw connection)
Overall System Description T390/EN OS
e-terra T390 Page 69/70
KIT COMMISSIONNING
Code Qty Item
BAG 1 Polythene bag with zip seal
23mm x 32mm x 100μm
LAB 1 Sticker with "KIT 9000202"and Revision
CAB1 2 SMB plug to SMB plug coaxial cable
CAB2 1 CAT5e Crossover Patch Cable, 3 ft.
CD R6.x 1 CDROM (Customer release 6.x) with case and cover, including the HMI,
firmware and Documentation
T390/EN OS Overall System Description
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BLANK PAGE
Product /Project name – Type of document
Alstom Grid
www.alstom.com
e-terra T390
Universal Power Line Carrier
AMPLIFIER
DESCRIPTION AND
CONFIGURATION
Version 6.2
T390/EN AM
GRID
Product /Project name – Type of document
Amplifier Description and Configuration T390/EN AM
e-terragridcom T390 Page 1/46
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 7
2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION 8
3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 9
3.1 Amplifier power supply indicators and connectors 9
3.2 AMP Extension Unit (AMPX) indicators and connectors 10
3.3 Application and system LED indicators 11
3.3.1 Ethernet activity (orange) 11
3.3.2 Ethernet link (green) 11
3.3.3 System indicators 11
3.3.4 Line fault 12
3.3.5 User SNR alarm 12
3.3.6 Remote maintenance 12
3.3.7 Local maintenance 12
3.3.8 TX power alarm 12
3.3.9 1/4 12
3.3.10 1/2 13
3.3.11 Full 13
3.4 Internal boards of the amplifier unit 13
3.5 Board physical layout 14
3.6 Internal interconnections 14
3.7 Functional interconnections 16
5. CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION 43
5.1 AMP connectors 43
5.2 Power supply P6 connector 43
T390/EN AM Amplifier Description and Configuration
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LIST OF FIGURES
Version History
BLANK PAGE
Amplifier Description and Configuration T390/EN AM
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1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes the amplifier parts of the modular PLC T390 system.
A PLC T390 link consists of two T390 systems (at least one processing unit and one
amplifier in each) configured in a Master/Slave relationship, with each system located on a
distribution or transmission substation, and they may be several hundred kilometres apart.
The T390 system offers comprehensive transmission capabilities over power lines using
Power Line Carrier (PLC) technologies. It supports voice and data transmission, and can
integrate a teleprotection system to react to problems in the electrical network.
The whole system is modular and is readily adaptable to customers’ needs in terms of
services (a mix of speech and data channels, data rate, etc.).
Additionally, a global software package is installed on each system. The package is available
in various levels, taking into account range and performance.
For further information on the T390 system as a whole, and on the units that comprise it,
please refer to the relevant user manuals:
2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION
Every PLC T390 link must have at least a T390 Amplifier (AMP) Unit and a T390 Processing
(PRCS) Unit. The amplifier offers a choice of different transmitting powers up to 40W,
configured by the HMI (Human-Machine Interface, described in the Overall System
Description, T390/EN OS).
Note that the maximum output power can be increased to 80W with the addition of an AMPX
80W Extension Amplifier Unit.
Note that Service units are not available in versions 6.0 and 6.1.
Each unit of a T390 system is enclosed in a stackable rack unit, as shown below.
The signals to be sent are prepared (modulation, error detection and correction scheme,
etc.) by the PRCS processing unit, which commands the amplifier to amplify and send them
over the line.
The system does not produce perturbations or spurious noise out of its own allocated band.
Bandwidth allocation: The system can transmit frequencies in bands that are from 2; 2.5;
4 kHz up to 16kHz wide, and within the range 20-700 kHz. The allowed bandwidth
allocations are shown graphically in section 4.3.2.
3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
The LEDs above the power supply connector indicate the status of power supply connection
and detection. They function as follows:
The power supply connector is described in section 5.2, Power supply P6 connector.
3.2 AMP Extension Unit (AMPX) indicators and connectors
Figure 5 shows the AMPX amplifier connections (for supporting 80W power output).
The input and output connectors, P5 and P7, are described in section 5.4.3, HF input P5
80W and section 5.4.2, HF output P7 80W.
Amplifier Description and Configuration T390/EN AM
e-terragridcom T390 Page 11/46
Status Description
ON Line Fault (not connected to HV line, or signal out of range)
Flash Bad line (not enough to assure data transmission)
OFF Line OK
Status Description
ON Alarm threshold reached
Flash Warning
OFF Within the user-defined limits
Status Description
ON Maintenance in progress (connected with the remote PLC)
Flash Maintenance error
OFF Maintenance off
Status Description
ON Local Maintenance in progress (the amplifier should be connected to a
dummy load, NOT the HF Line)
Flash Maintenance error
OFF Maintenance off
Status Description
ON Outside the user-defined limits
OFF Within the user-defined limits
3.3.9 1/4
Works with the other LEDs in this group to indicate Tx power status
Status Description
ON Power is a quarter of full power
Slow blinking Power is less than 1/4 of full power
OFF Power is more than 1/4 of full power
Amplifier Description and Configuration T390/EN AM
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3.3.10 1/2
Works with the other LEDs in this group to indicate Tx power status
Status Description
ON Power is half full power
Flash Power is between 1/4 and 1/2 of full power
OFF Power is less than or equal to 1/4 or more than 1/2 of available power
3.3.11 Full
Works with the other LEDs in this group to indicate Tx power status
Status Description
ON Power is at maximum
Flash Power is between half and full power
OFF Power is less than or equal to half full power
Jumpers on the transmission filter board (TXF) and on the reception filter board (RXF) allow
frequency settings: the pass-band can be 2.5 kHz , 4 kHz, 8 kHz , or 16 kHz wide, and is in
the range 20kHz to 700kHz.
T390/EN AM Amplifier Description and Configuration
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REAR
C9
IOX11 IOX11
(J3)
T C2 (J2)
IOX18
C1 (J3)
IO16
Lower C3
J1
horizontal
IO16
board
(J2)
IO16
Upper (J1)
RXF
horizontal
board
C4
AMP
Vertical board
IO16 IOX14
(J2) (J3)
J6
C5
Data cable
IOX15
(J1)
C6 C8
IOX15 IO16
IOX14
(J2) (J6)
(J4) IOX14
IOX15
AFE C7
(J8)
(J1)
IOX18
(J7) TXF
IOX15
(J2)
PPC I80W
FRONT
D0579ENa
PPC
connexion to
connexion to
Digital Logic
Digital Logic
Interface
RXF
AFE
AFE
RXF
connexion to
connexion to
PSL
Analog
Analog
RXF
AFE
Mixed Analog Digital Logic Analog
connexion to connexion to connexion to connexion to
80W interf AMP AMP AMP
Digital Flags
Analog Input
& PSH cmd
AMP
Power On PSH
PSH
AMP
PSL
TX signal Out
To To To
RXOUT
PSH PPC RXF
Mixed
connexion to
AFE
TXIN
TXF
I80W PSL
80W Interface
48V Power
To 80W From 80W HF LINE
Supply
Aux AMP Aux AMP Connector
Connector
D0580ENa
Superimposed
SMC Connector to
Rx Filter Board Separated
RX1
Superimposed
or adjacent modes
Asymmetrical Hybrid
AGND transformer with
impedance adjusting
Amplifier Description and Configuration
Za
Line Impedance
40W Superimposed Matching :
Tx Programmable Filtering
I/O =75 Ohms 80W Separated
AGND 50 / 75 / 125 / 150 Ohm
Line Connector
Protections
Balanced
Force capacitive
impedance Unbalanced
Tx / Rx Coupling for
separated mode
HFGND
Divider/
RX2
SMC Connector
To Front side
(Test point)
HFGND
HFGND
D0584ENa
T390/EN AM
Page 21/46
T390/EN AM Amplifier Description and Configuration
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Mode Impedance
Unbalanced 50 Ohms JP43:2-3, JP44:1-2, JP48:2-3, JP49:1-2
Unbalanced 75 Ohms JP43:2-3, JP45:1-2, JP48:2-3, JP49:1-2
Unbalanced 125 Ohms JP43:2-3, JP46:1-2, JP48:2-3, JP49:1-2
Unbalanced 150 Ohms JP43:2-3, JP47:1-2, JP48:2-3, JP49:1-2
Balanced 50 Ohms JP43:2-3, JP44:1-2, JP48:2-3
Balanced 75 Ohms JP43:2-3, JP45:1-2, JP48:2-3
Balanced 125 Ohms JP43:2-3, JP46:1-2, JP48:2-3
Balanced 150 Ohms JP43:2-3, JP47:1-2, JP48:2-3
The jumper positions for the AMP-AMPX connection are shown in Figure 16.
PTC-Tx9x-E-DEV-TXF-001.xls
PTC-Tx9x-E-DEV-RXF-001.xls
4.2.4.1 Tuning TX filters
4.2.4.1.1 Test bench
The test bench uses a selective voltmeter and a generator, the SMP31 / PSE31 from W&G
(ACTERNA) is a good example, but any Generator / Level Meter couple would be Ok if it
provides the following settings:
Set the level meter to selective and tune the frequency to the central frequency of the
filter
Even for other impedance tuning, set the TXF jumpers in position 75 Ω
Set the hybrid jumpers on 75 Ω and tune the hybrid potentiometer P1 to its minimum
value (Unscrew)
Free the L1 and L2 nuts and screw the black button of L1 and L2 at the maximum
First step:
Connect the A point of the test bench to the input of the filter (connector J1 "From
AMP")
Unscrew the black button of inductance L1 to find a minimum on the level meter
NOTE: Don't care about the level of the minimum, just find it.
Second step:
Connect the A point of the test bench to the output of the filter (HF Line)
Unscrew the black button of inductance L2 to find a minimum on the level meter
NOTE: Don't care about the level of the minimum, just find it.
Third step:
Come back to the usual measurement of the filter response. You should be very close to the
right tuning.
4.2.4.2 Tuning RX filters
4.2.4.2.1 Test bench
The test bench is the same than for TXF.
4.2.4.2.2 Tuning the filter
On the test bench:
Set the level meter to selective and tune the frequency to the central frequency of the
filter
Connect the A point of the test bench to the input of the filter (connector J1 "From
Hybrid TXF")
Amplifier Description and Configuration T390/EN AM
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Unscrew the tuning screw of inductance L1 to find a minimum on the level meter
NOTE: Don't care about the level of the minimum, just find it.
Second step:
Connect the A point of the test bench to the output of the filter (connector J2
"OUTPUT")
Unscrew the tuning screw of inductance L2 to find a minimum on the level meter
NOTE: Don't care about the level of the minimum, just find it.
Third Step:
Unscrew the tuning screw of inductance L3 to find a maximum on the level meter
NOTE: Don't care about the level of the maximum, just find it.
Fourth step:
Come back to the usual measurement of the filter response. You should be very close to the
right tuning.
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R.F. Stage
Advanced
The panel at the foot of the screen displays either a graphical representation of the amplifier
rack front panel or the HF distribution bandwidths (controlled by Show HF/Hide HF).
Pmax (default)
Pmax/2
Pmax/4
PEP Limiter: The signal power setting for the limiter can be expressed in two ways:
1Khz
2Khz
4Khz
8Khz
16Khz
No QAM (disables digital transmission; system operates with analogue functions only)
4.3.1.4 Transmission Center Frequency
This value sets the transmission centre frequency, using two slide bars:
The top slide bar adjusts the centre frequency in 1kHz steps, the default value being
184kHz. The actual value is displayed in the text box above the slide bar. The actual
frequency range depends on the effective signal transmission power and can be
derived as follows:
Minimum frequency (in kHz): 20 + 0.5*RF Bandwidth (in kHz)
The top slide bar allows for setting of the centre frequency in 1kHz steps, the default
value being 184kHz. The actual value is displayed in the text box above the slide bar.
The actual frequency range depends on the effective signal transmission power and
can be derived as follows: …same q, different calculation here, though…
Minimum frequency (in kHz): 20 + 0.5*Effective power (in W)
The bottom slide bar provides finer adjustment of the frequency by up to 500Hz on
either side of the currently set centre frequency. The adjustment is in steps of about
0.39Hz (exactly 25600/65536 Hz). The actual adjustment value is displayed in the text
box above the slide bar.
THESE SETTINGS MUST BE CONSISTENT ACROSS THE SYSTEM.
THE RX FREQUENCY AT EITHER END MUST MATCH THE TX
FREQUENCY AT THE OTHER.
4.3.1.6 PLC Mode panel
The signal is transmitted using QAM modulation. The transmission and reception bands can
be either separated or superimposed. The settings under PLC mode are as follows:
R.F. Mode: The operator selects a QAM modulation scheme with transmission and
reception bands either separated or superimposed. If “superimposed” is selected, the
Rx (reception) centre frequency settings are grayed out and are no longer editable
(since the Rx and Tx centre frequencies are the same in this mode).
PLC dialog: For internal synchronization, a PLC link needs one system to be defined
as MASTER, the other as the SLAVE. The selection of MASTER and SLAVE is an
arbitrary choice; technically, the only difference is in the placement of the FSK
maintenance channel. The Tx maintenance channel is on the right side (upper
frequencies) of the Tx transmit channel for the system master.
4.3.2 Bandwidth Allocation
The system can transmit frequencies in bands that are from 2 kHz up to 16 kHz wide and
within the range of 20-700 kHz.
The available configurations in the release 6.x for bandwidth allocation are shown in the
following figures:
1
4.3.2.1 Separated or adjacent band mode
1
In digital modulation adjacent mode (no interband) is allowed with reduced performance due to
noise reinjection within the QAM band relative to the RX filter shape.
Amplifier Description and Configuration T390/EN AM
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FIGURE 23: 4 KHZ MIXED, MODE DIGITAL 1KHZ + ANALOG 2.5 KHZ SEPARATED
FIGURE 27: 8 KHZ MIXED, 4 KHZ DIGITAL + 4 KHZ ANALOG SEPARATED OR ADJACENT
FIGURE 28: 8 KHZ MIXED, 2 KHZ DIGITAL + 5 KHZ ANALOG SEPARATED OR ADJACENT
FIGURE 29: 12 KHZ MIXED, 8 KHZ DIGITAL+ 4 KHZ ANALOG SEPARATED OR ADJACENT
The only way to add a Channel 2 is to add a SRV (not available in versions 6.0, 6.1 and 6.2) :
FIGURE 32: 16 KHZ MIXED DIGITAL 4 KHZ, ANALOG 8 KHZ + SRV 4 KHZ
NOTE: On the master PLC, the FSK maintenance channel on the transmit
side is always placed to the right of the allocated band, on the slave
PLC it is placed on the left hand side.
T390/EN AM Amplifier Description and Configuration
Page 34/46 e-terragridcom T390
In superimposed mode, the Tx/Rx channels are between two FSK maintenance channels.
4.3.2.3 Show HF
In the Configuration Window, click SHOW HF to display a graphical view of the currently
allocated HF bandwidth. The display updates immediately for changes in the layout.
Additionally, any unintentional overlaps (i.e. for allocations other than in superimposed
mode) are highlighted in red as shown in Figure 36:
AGC level: this level should stay within two limits (low and high). A high-level
threshold is set so that an alarm is raised if the AGC level rises above it. Similarly, a
low-level threshold is set so that an alarm is raised if the AGC level falls below it. The
high and low thresholds are adjustable by the operator, with the following constraints:
AGC high-level threshold is set between -20dB and 48dB in 1dB steps, the
default value being 32dB.
AGC low-level threshold is set between -21dB and 47dB in 1dB steps, the
default value being -16dB.
These two values must be consistent, i.e. the high-level threshold must be greater than the
low-level threshold.
Mask Delay is used to mask the alarm for a given time. The alarms on high-level and
low-level threshold are not issued until after the delay expires. The Mask Delay is set
between 1s and 10s in 1s steps, the default value being 5s.
Adjustment of these parameters is performed using the corresponding slide bars, the actual
value being displayed in the adjacent text boxes.
T390/EN AM Amplifier Description and Configuration
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4.3.4.2 Ratios
This panel displays the power sharing setted for the digital band and analogue 1 & 2 bands.
This analog is equivalent to a single tone sent at a level of PEP-x, where x is the level
displayed in this configuration window.
4.3.4.3 QAM power
The QAM power display shows the effective mean power used by the QAM on line.
An extra decrease factor is included to calculate the mean power with respect to the PEP
power defined for the PLC link.
4.3.4.4 SNR computation for digital and analogue band
The SNR is computed as the ratio between power measured in the FSK band in reception
and the power measured in an unoccupied band.
The SNR is computed by default by a narrow filtering at the edges of the QAM band (70Hz):
This is the Inband SNR.
Superimposed Mode
Outband
In the second case, the noise will be measured in a band allocated to the equipment (the
interband, for example).
The second option is:
A narrow band filter of 70Hz, easy to allocate but not so representative of the real
noise level
A wide band filter of 1740Hz, not so easy to allocate but more representative of the
real noise in the user band
The operator must also choose whether to allocate the band on the same side as the FSK or
on the opposite side.
NOTE THAT A WRONG CHOICE COULD JEOPARDISE THE START OF
THE SYSTEM. NOISE MEASUREMENT IS CRITICAL FOR CORRECT
EQUIPMENT OPERATION.
In summary,
For a Master system, in reception, the FSK is on lower side of the QAM by default:
Choosing the opposite side from the FSK selects the upper frequencies.
Choosing the same side as the FSK selects the lower frequencies
For a Slave system, in reception, FSK is on the upper side of the QAM by default:
Choosing the opposite side from the FSK selects the lower frequencies.
Choosing the same side as the FSK selects the upper frequencies
Amplifier Description and Configuration T390/EN AM
e-terragridcom T390 Page 39/46
The last option is the band allocation, for which two criteria apply:
The maximum distance from the QAM centre is 12.8 kHz to measure the noise
The allocation frequency is the distance from the band edge to the noise band centre
frequency
The options are:
Near: The noise is measured in the band closer to the user band (e.g. 850Hz for a
wide noise band)
Middle: The noise is measured in the middle of the band available between the edge
and the maximum of 12.8khz
Far: The band is measured at the maximum distance of the QAM centre, 12.8 kHz
Custom: The user can choose the centre frequency of the noise band as the distance
from the band edge.
For 70Hz the distance cannot be less than 35Hz in order not to filter into the QAM
band
For example, for a band of 4 kHz centred on 200kHz:
The wide filter centre frequency can be between 850Hz and 9.5kHz, corresponding to
197.150kHz and 188.5kHz, respectively.
For superimposed configuration the option is only “Opposite side of RX FSK”.
4.4 Hybrid Settings
Hybrid tuning is performed after the software configuration because of the need to generate
an internal signal. This section describes the location of jumpers, the jumper configuration,
and specifies the steps for carrying out hybrid tuning.
Step 1: Open the front cover on the AMP unit, as in Figure 41, to reveal the hybrid board:
Figure 42 identifies the connectors and jumper locations on the hybrid board:
at amplitude -10
Step 4: Plug the selective voltmeter into the J4 connector (test point).
Step 5: Carry out the adjustment. The scope is to minimize the level in reception by
selecting the capacitors/resistors J7 and the Potentiometer P1.
a) First, try to minimize the level by selecting the capacitors/resistors J7.
b) Once the minimum is reached, tune the Potentiometer P1 to seek a new
minimum.
c) Repeat a
d) And b until the absolute minimum is achieved on the selective voltmeter.
2 100
3 150
4 220
5 270
6 320
7 370
8 440
9 490
10 540
11 590
12 660
13 710
14 760
15 810
Resistor tuning
The resistor tuning depends on the hardware version of TXF card given on the back side of
the amplifier unit. The following tables give the J7 position depending on the impedance
range when the output impedance of the amplifier is set on 75 Ω.
Table 3 gives the J7 position for T390-MOD9002101 – hardware version G (available with
version 6.1) depending on the impedance range.
Table 4 gives the J7 position for T390-MOD9002101 – hardware version H (not yet available
with version 6.1) depending on the impedance range.
T390/EN AM Amplifier Description and Configuration
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2 43Ω - 56Ω
3 48Ω - 61Ω
4 58Ω - 71Ω
5 64Ω - 78Ω
6 74Ω - 88Ω
7 79Ω - 92Ω
8 89Ω - 102Ω
2 53Ω - 120Ω
3 89Ω - 155Ω
4 120Ω - 186Ω
5 155Ω - 222Ω
6 186Ω - 253Ω
7 222Ω - 288Ω
8 253Ω - 320Ω
5. CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION
DO NOT TOUCH THE HIGH FREQUENCY 3-PIN TERMINATIONS OR
THE INNER CORE OF THE BNC CABLE WHEN THE T390 IS
ENERGIZED.
P1 Ethernet access
P2 Unit chain out
P3 Unit chain in
P4 HF line output
P5 Input AMPX
P6 Power supply
P7 Output AMPX
HF access uses a single connector, the same for the 75 unbalanced access and all the
other types of connections (balanced for all impedance values and unbalanced for 50,
125, and 150).
The connector type is "Power Sub-connect" with three poles, from PHOENIX CONTACT.
The allocation of poles, front view, is:
3 2 1
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EXTENDED AMPLIFIER
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Version 6.2
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 5
2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION 6
3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 7
3.1 Power supply indicators 8
3.2 System Led Indicators 8
6. CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION 16
6.1 AMPX Connectors 16
6.2 HF input P1 Connector 16
6.3 Power supply P3 connector 17
6.4 HF output P2 connector 17
7. AMPX ACCESSORIES 18
7.1 Kit description 18
7.2 CAB9001201-400 description 18
7.3 CAB9001301-500 description 19
T390/EN AX 80W Amplifier Description and Configuration
Page 2/20 e-terragridcom T390
LIST OF FIGURES
Version history
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1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes the AMPX amplifier unit of the modular PLC T390 system.
A PLC T390 link consists of two T390 systems (at least one processing unit and one
amplifier in each) configured in a Master/Slave relationship, with each system located on a
distribution or transmission substation, and they may be several hundred kilometres apart.
The T390 system offers comprehensive transmission capabilities over power lines using
Power Line Carrier (PLC) technologies. It supports voice and data transmission, and can
integrate a teleprotection system to react to problems in the electrical network.
The whole system is modular and is readily adaptable to customers’ needs in terms of
services (a mix of speech and data channels, data rate, etc.). The maximum power output of
a T390 system using only the standard AMP unit is 40W. This can be increased to 80W with
the addition to the system of an AMPX unit.
Additionally, a global software package is installed on each system. The package is available
in various levels, taking into account range and performance.
For further information on the T390 system as a whole, and on the units that comprise it,
please refer to the relevant user manuals:
2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION
Every T390 installation must have at least a T390 Amplifier Unit (AMP) and a T390
Processing Unit (PRCS). The amplifier offers a choice of different transmitting powers up to
40W, configured by the HMI (Human-Machine Interface, described in the Overall System
Description). The output power can be increased to 80W with the addition of a T390 AMPX
80W Extension Amplifier Unit.
Each component of a T390 system is enclosed in a stackable rack unit, as shown in the
figures below.
The signals to be sent are prepared (modulation, error detection and correction scheme,
etc.) by the PRCS processing unit, which commands the amplifier to amplify and send them
over the line.
The system does not produce perturbations or spurious noise out of its own allocated band.
Bandwidth allocation: The system can transmit frequencies in bands that are from 4 kHz
up to 16kHz wide, and within the range 20-700 kHz. The allowed bandwidth allocations are
detailed in the AMP documentation, T390/EN AM.
3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE USER
SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE SAFETY
SECTION, THE TECHNICAL DATA SECTION AND THE RATINGS ON
THE EQUIPMENT RATING LABEL.
DO NOT TOUCH THE HIGH FREQUENCY 3 PIN TERMINATIONS OR
THE INNER CORE OF THE BNC CABLE, WHEN THE T390 IS
ENERGIZED.
AMP-AMPX connection:
Jumpers located on the transmission filter board (TXF) allow for frequency settings: the
pass-band can be 4kHz, 8kHz or 16kHz wide, and is in the range from 20kHz to 700kHz.
4.1 Board physical layout
Figure 7 shows the basic board physical layout. The main purpose of this diagram is to
identify the position of the physical elements used for configuration, i.e. jumpers and
connectors.
165mm
PPC
AFE
Alim
PSL TXF
PSH AMP
436mm
D0591xxa
Cable list:
Digital Flags
Analog Input
& PSH cmd
AMP
Power On PSH
PSH
AMP
PSL
TX signal Out
To
RXOUT
PSH
Mixed
connexion
AMP
PSL
TXIN
48V Power
From 80W To 80W
Supply
Main AMP Main AMP
Connector
D0593ENa
5.2.1 Jumper configuration for TX boards for AMP and AMPX units
AMP – AMPX
JP38: 1-2, 2-3 open 3-4 closed
JP51: 1-2 open 2-3 closed
The two jumpers JP38 and JP51 on the TXFA and TXFB boards from the AMP and AMPX
units, respectively, need to be modified to activate the power summation. Refer to the Excel
file for filter configuration to set the jumper positioning.
5.2.2 HF access impedance settings
The impedance on the HF output can be modified using JP43, JP44, JP45, JP46, JP47,
JP48 and JP49 on the TXF board.
Refer to the AMP documentation.
6. CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION
DO NOT TOUCH THE HIGH FREQUENCY 3 PIN TERMINATIONS OR
THE INNER CORE OF THE BNC CABLE, WHEN THE T390 IS
ENERGIZED.
P1 Input AMP
P2 Output AMP
P3 Power supply
This output must be connected to the AMP input connector using cable CAB9001301-500.
T390/EN AX 80W Amplifier Description and Configuration
Page 18/20 e-terragridcom T390
7. AMPX ACCESSORIES
7.1 Kit description
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PROCESSING UNIT
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CONFIGURATION
Version 6.2
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Product /Project name – Type of document
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 7
2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION 8
3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 9
3.1 Power Supply LEDs 9
3.1.1 Main LED 9
3.1.2 Aux LED 9
3.2 Functional LED details 10
3.2.1 Ethernet 10/100 MB: Activity 10
3.2.2 Ethernet 10/100 MB: Link 10
3.2.3 Internal Error and System OK 10
3.2.4 User Alarm: AL1& AL2 11
3.2.5 FallBack Mode 11
3.2.6 Normal Mode 11
3.2.7 IRIG B Synchro 11
3.2.8 Serv local 11
3.2.9 TP – Error 12
3.2.10 TP – online 12
3.2.11 TP – active 12
5. CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION 44
5.1 Power Supply P12 connector 44
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LIST OF FIGURES
Version History
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Processing Unit Description and Configuration T390/EN PU
e-terra T390 Page 7/52
1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes the Processing Unit (PRCSe) of the PLC T390 system.
A PLC T390 link consists of two T390 systems (at least one processing unit and one
amplifier in each) configured in a Master/Slave relationship, with each system located on a
distribution or transmission substation, and they may be several hundred kilometres apart.
The T390 system offers comprehensive transmission capabilities over power lines using
Power Line Carrier (PLC) technologies. It supports voice and data transmission, and can
integrate a teleprotection system to react to problems in the electrical network.
The whole system is modular and is readily adaptable to customers’ needs in terms of
services (a mix of speech and data channels, data rate, etc.).
Additionally, a global software package is installed on each system. The package is available
in various levels, taking into account range and performance.
For further information on the T390 system as a whole, and on the units that comprise it,
please refer to the relevant user manuals:
2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION
Every T390 installation must have at least a T390 Amplifier Unit and a T390 Processing Unit.
The signals to be sent are prepared (modulation, error detection and correction scheme,
etc.) by the Processing Unit (PRCS), which then commands the amplifier to amplify and
send them over the line. The PRCS samples (in digital mode only) and modulates the signal
using either QAM for normal data or FSK for out-of-band data (e.g. for alarms and external
teleprotection). For simpler configurations, the PRCS can also provide service capabilities.
Note that Service units are not available in release 6.1.
The amplifier offers a choice of different transmitting powers up to 40W, configured by the
HMI (Human-Machine Interface, described in the Overall System Description). Note that the
output power can be increased to 80W by adding a T390 80W Extension Amplifier Unit.
Each component of a T390 system is enclosed in a stackable rack unit, as in Figure 1 below.
The system does not produce perturbations or spurious noise out of its own allocated band.
Bandwidth allocation: The system can transmit frequencies in bands that are from 2 kHz
up to 16kHz wide, and within the range 20-700 kHz. The allowed bandwidth allocations are
shown graphically in the T390 Amplifier Description and Configuration, T390/EN AM.
3. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
This section describes the physical appearance of the PRCS, with its various interfaces,
connectors, and LED indicators. The individual functions of the LED indicators are set out in
the tables following. These indicators, along with the interfaces and other connectors, are
highlighted in Figure 2:
FIGURE 2: INDICATOR AND CONNECTOR LAYOUT ON THE T390 PROCESSING UNIT (PRCS)
The interfaces and other connectors on the PRCS front panel are described in detail in
section 5: Connectors Description.
3.1 Power Supply LEDs
System OK Internal Error Description (see HMI section for more details)
OFF ON Internal Unit error
ON FAST BLINKING Internal configuration error
OFF SLOW BLINKING Waiting for configuration
FAST N/A Bit stream transfer with HMI in progress (events, QAM
BLINKING diagram, recorder, etc.)
ON OFF System is running and waiting for line synchronization
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e-terra T390 Page 11/52
Status Description
ON Relay 1, 1 of both contacts closed
OFF Relay 2 , 1 of both contacts open
Status Description
ON Fall Back mode activated
OFF Normal mode or TDM is off
Status Description
ON Normal mode activated / Services are running
Flash (slow) Waiting for QAM signal
Flash (Fast) Waiting for TDM synchronization (searching for marker)
OFF TDM OFF
Status Description
ON Full synchronization with PLC
OFF No IRIG B Signal
Status Description
Flash (slow) At least one channel has failed
Flash (Fast) At least one channel is locked
OFF All services are off
Case digital
Status Description
ON Services are running
Flash (slow) System has failed
Case mixte
Status Description
Flash (fast) Services are running
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Note :
Flash fast : led ON 33%, Led OFF 66%
Flash slow : led ON 50%, Led OFF 50%
3.2.9 TP – Error
Indicates the operational status of external teleprotection.
Status Description
ON Error on TPX
Flash (Fast) Safety presence
OFF No error
3.2.10 TP – online
Indicates the availability of the external teleprotection.
Status Description
ON TPX enabled and running
Flash (slow) TPX enabled but not running
OFF TPX not activated
3.2.11 TP – active
Indicates whether external teleprotection is active.
Status Description
ON TPX BLE active
OFF BLE off
Processing Unit Description and Configuration T390/EN PU
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HW Configuration
NOTE: There is no option to select an AMPX Amplifier Unit (for 80W power)
on this screen. Rather, it is an option during amplifier configuration: to
include an AMPX unit in the configuration, check AMPX Available in
the R.F. Stage pane of the AMP Configuration Window, as shown in
Figure 7:
The bottom right of the window displays a front view of the PRCS. According to which tab is
selected, and therefore which pane is displayed in the main window, the relevant interface is
circled on the front view picture, as in Figure 10 .
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V11 clock
The clock source is selected from the three options by clicking one of the radio buttons:
Processing Unit Description and Configuration T390/EN PU
e-terra T390 Page 17/52
4.3.3 Misc
4.3.4 Data
Various combinations of data equipment (DTE or DCE) can be connected to a T390 system.
With the exception of Splitting mode (in the channel Activation panel), the discussion that
follows applies equally to any of the Data tabs (Data1, Data2, Data3, Data4): the overall
process of configuration is identical for all four Data tabs.
Check Back to Back, automatically sets RX Clk external and TX Clk external
T390/EN PU Processing Unit Description and Configuration
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The HMI globally checks that the settings are compatible with the bandwidth usage (both for
normal and fallback mode): channel activation and associated parameters are used to derive
the necessary bandwidth for each channel and a check is made against the total available
bandwidth. The check is performed for every change in any of “Channel activation: Enable”,
“Fallback: Available” and “Channel Speed”.
The total bandwidth in use for both normal and fallback modes is displayed on the bandwidth
usage banner.
4.3.5 User Alarm
Available
Event name Short description Associated LED
remotely?
Available
Event name Short description Associated LED
remotely?
TX Power Warning NO Signal power lower than “Tx power” LED on the
transmission power threshold Amplifier Unit
TX Power Critical NO Signal power critical error “Tx power” LED on the
Amplifier Unit
TX IS SHUTDOWN
AGC High RX level YES AGC (Automatic Gain Not Applicable
Control) exceeds high level
threshold
AGC Low RX level YES AGC (Automatic Gain Not Applicable
Control) falls under low level
threshold
Loss of TDM YES Loss of the TDM Not Applicable
synchronization synchronization: this is
related to the synchronization
on the incoming signal from
the line
Safety presence YES Logical OR of all “Safety Not Applicable
presence” configured checks.
Two such checks are
available: one for the high
speed channel (V11), the
other for the optional external
teleprotection.
Amplifier SNR YES The transmitted signal’s SNR “SNR Alarm” LED on the
under threshold falls under the threshold Amplifier Unit
BER NO The digital signal’s BER Not Applicable
exceeds the configured
acceptable value
Config error NO Bad Config code. This is Not Applicable
related to the firmware
downloaded from the PC to
the PLC system
Hardware error NO A hardware internal error has “Internal Error” LED on
occurred in any of the T390 every Unit.
system’s units.
Fallback activated NO The system has entered “Fallback mode” LED on
fallback mode the Processing Unit
TPX command too YES Duration command over the Not Applicable
long threshold
TPX Error YES When External TP is in Error “TPX Error” LED on the
Processing Unit
TPX Active YES When External TP is Active “TPX Active” LED on the
Processing Unit
TPX Safety YES When External TP is TPX Safety” LED on the
Connected Processing Unit
Temperature YES Amplifier internal Not Applicable
temperature has reached a
threshold
Analog Channel 1 NO Channel 1 is currently being Not Applicable
Equalization equalized
T390/EN PU Processing Unit Description and Configuration
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Available
Event name Short description Associated LED
remotely?
If TPX is not over speech (not silent TP), the guard AF level is adjustable. If the TPX is over speech
(silent TP) and if there is a speech with a signalling in the frequency range [300-3800Hz], the level of
this signalling is adjustable. Guard level RF is calibrated thanks to the guard level AF. Choose a value
for the guard AF level and see the corresponding guard RF level value.
For both release, the power is shared between the data and the TPX channel. The guard level
calibration also implies a power decrease of the data channel.
Note that if the TP sends a trip command, it is automatically assigned full power, at the expense of
other transmissions.
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This part shows the available power associated to channel supporting the TPX.
The selective cutting dialog box allows to select the services that are cut when a TP
command is active thus allocating more power to it. This selection is available for the TPX
and for each TPI.
This window is called from the TPX tab of the PRCS. Click on selective cutting the following
windows appears:
Processing Unit Description and Configuration T390/EN PU
e-terra T390 Page 29/52
When it is called by one of them, the parts of the window concerning the other TPs are
disabled (note that in version 6.1 only one TP can be set in the system).
The checkboxes corresponding to channels or services not enabled on the system are
inactive.
4.3.6.11.2 Rules
Case TPX over Speech: the Speech at lower frequency is automatically selected.
For these 3 cases, it is not possible to uncheck services automatically selected. The
corresponding checkboxes are displayed inactive.
Case TPI IN BAND (or TPX not over Speech): if the TP is alone in the channel (no services
selected for another TP), all the services available in the channel are selected.
Transit : 4W
If Line Extension is enabled, then click FXO or FXS, to select the Foreign Exchange role:
For connection to a PABX, the setting must be FXO (available only on B and C)
Click the Config button to display the panel shown in Figure 24:
If the analog bandwidth of the current unit is “2.5kHz” or “4kHz”, then only one speech with signalling
can be set on the band.
For example, if user selects “speech1”, channel type: “speech”, then it is possible to choose
“telegraph” in “speech2” and “speech3” but not “speech”.
If the analog bandwidth of current unit is “5kHz”, it is possible to set 2 speeches with signaling on the
band.
If the analog bandwidth of current unit is “8kHz”, it is possible to set 3 speeches with signaling on the
band.
If the analog bandwidth of current unit is “2kHz”, it is not possible to set speeches with signaling on the
band”, only telegraphs are authorized.
When the first speech is selected, band 1 is 300-2000, band 2 is 300-2200, band 3 is 300-2400, band
4 is 300-3400.
If user select a second speech, band 1 is 2580-4280, band 2 is 2680-4580, band 3 is 2880-4980, band
4 is 4020-4120.
Furthermore, the second speech selected has the same bandwidth as first one. Except if the first one
is band 4. In that case, band 1 to 4 are available.
If user selects a third speech, band 1 is 4860-6560, band 2 is 5060-6960 and band 3 is 5460-7560.
The third speech has the same bandwidth as the 2 first ones.
beginning end
2160 2280
2260 2380
2280 2400
2460 2580
3600 3720
4440 4560
4640 4760
5040 5160
5880 6000
6040 6160
6240 6360
6720 6840
7020 7140
7320 7440
7620 7740
TABLE 3 : POSSIBLE SIGNALLINGS
Phone speech 2&3 Line Extension FXS speech 2&3 Line Extension FXO speech 2&3
Advanced with phone interface Advanced without phone Advanced with speech 2&3
speech1 interface speech1 (default) (default)
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Full band
1200 Bds
600 Bds
Don’t click on filtering and local center Freq and Remote center Freq settings are locked
T390/EN PU Processing Unit Description and Configuration
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The Splitting mode pull-down box only appears on the Channel Activation panels for
MTU1 and MTU3
If Splitting mode|Slave is selected for MTU1 or MTU3, then either MTU2 or MTU4,
respectively, is grayed out (i.e. is unavailable).
5. CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION
The table identifies all the PRCS unit connectors:
Wiring recommendation
All circuits should be polarized on the other side.
Standard 200-04,
Input impedence 4,7 kΩ à 1000 Hz,
Modulation ratio : 3:1 à 6:1,
Peak to Peak input signal : 100 mV à 10 V.
Processing Unit Description and Configuration T390/EN PU
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If the interface is used as DTE, input and output pins must be swapped.
5.10.1.2 Connectors
References: WAGO 231-433 (Male, 3 points, 5 mm, Right angle)
Pin out:
Pin Signal
1 VREFOUT (in) + Positive
2 MECA GRND (out)
3 VREFIN (in) – Negative
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INTEGRATED TELEPROTECTION
DESCRIPTION AND
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Version 6.2
T390/EN TP
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 12
2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION 14
2.1 Overview of teleprotection and intertripping 15
2.2 International standards 15
3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 16
3.1 Transmission options 16
3.1.1 Analogue transmission through T390 16
3.1.2 Digital path 16
3.1.3 Dual path 16
3.2 Analog path : teleprotection command coding methods 17
3.2.2 Mixed dual and single tone mode (mode 2+2 and mode 3+1) 19
3.3 Digital transmission (optional) 20
3.3.1 Optical path 20
3.3.2 G.703.1 and G.703.6 22
3.3.3 V.11 22
3.3.4 Factory Codes 22
5.6.1 Frequencies 46
5.6.2 Command coding 47
5.6.3 Relation between commands and frequencies 51
5.6.4 Analog Interface TX window 51
5.6.5 Analog interface RX window 54
5.7 Digital 56
5.8 Input commands 59
5.8.1 Protection scheme 60
5.8.2 Operator 60
5.8.3 Holding delay 61
5.8.4 Validation delay 61
5.8.5 Start (Ext Blk) 62
5.8.6 Filter 62
5.9 Output commands 63
5.9.1 Reception Commands 63
5.9.2 Transmission Commands 64
5.9.3 Protection scheme 64
5.9.4 Operator 64
5.9.5 Holding Delay 64
5.9.6 Validation delay 65
5.9.7 Unblocking 65
5.9.8 Start (External Blocking) 66
5.9.9 Events/Alarms 67
5.9.10 State on alarm 70
5.10 Warning about protection scheme in analog path 72
7. MAINTENANCE MENU 79
7.1 Input commands 79
7.2 Outputs commands 80
7.3 Counters 81
7.4 Loop test 81
8. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION 83
8.1 Board top view 83
8.2 Connector and cable descriptions 85
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11.11 Maintenance and Measure ONLY in analog case. Check levels 108
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
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Version History
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1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes the TPI teleprotection unit for the PLC T390.
The TPI module offers the unique advantage on the market to be an integrated teleprotection
module, with dual path communication feature (optional).
As a standard integrated teleprotection all functionalities can be adressed through the T390
HMI either connected locally or remotely through a TCP /Ip network or even thanks to the
SNMP V2 compatibility accessible through an SNMP compatible network management
software.
The Second communication channel can be depending on customer choice among this
different possibilities:
Digital electrical interfaces
V11 / X21
G703 1 and 6
Optical Interfaces
C37.94
TPI unit offers 8 inputs and 14 (8 NO + 6 NO/NC) heavy duty outputs (5 A) all that without
impacting transfer speed that remains on the highest level on the market.
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2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION
3. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
This section introduces the operational features.
3.1 Transmission options
The TPI supports optical or electrical signalling solutions, as described below, in addition to
the PLC link, as an option.
TPI TPI
D 0652ENb
TPI Pilot
QAM
Tx Band
4 or 8 or 16 kHz
D0653ENa
D0669ENa
3.2.1.2 TP In Band
FIGURE 8: TP IN BAND
The guard signal is transmitted, except when there is a command to be sent. This mode can
be used only if no other analogue services are used in the band.
TPI
Speech band
Signaling Pilot
In the absence of any commands, the system transmits the signalling signal plus the
user-defined speech band. When a command is present, the speech signal is replaced by
the TP dual frequencies.
3.2.2 Mixed dual and single tone mode (mode 2+2 and mode 3+1)
The mixed mode works only if a speech is configured on the PLC. The command bandwidth is the
bandwidth of this speech. The guard is either the signalling of this speech, or, if no signalling has been
configured, a tone generated by the TPI whose frequency is chosen in a list by the user.
In the absence of any commands, the system transmits the guard tone plus the speech band. When a
command is present, the speech signal is replaced by either TP dual frequencies, or a TP single
frequency, according to chapter 5, TPI configuration settings.
Unidirectional: One fiber is used for each direction. This is the standard type of SFP
used in Power Utility telecom network.
There are four ranges of unidirectional SFP depending on the distance covered:
Item Specification
Nominal Bit rate 155520 kbit/s / STM1
Line code NRZ
Optical interface type S1.1 L1.2e U1.2e
Working wavelength (nm) 1261 to 1360 1480 to 1580 1480 to 1580
Fiber Type SM SM SM
Mean Launched optical power (dBm) -14 to -8 -3 to +2 +5 to +8
Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -34 -34 -45
Max Input Power(dBm) -8 -8 -10
Connector Duplex LC Duplex LC Duplex LC
Max Distance (km) 30 100 240
Maximum Allowed Dispersion (ps/nm) NA NA 4800
Bidirectional: One fiber is used for both directions. Each direction is covered by one
λ. This kind of SFP is proposed to make fiber savings.
By combining the transmit and receive functions onto a single fiber without an external
splitter or combiner, single fiber bidirectional Small Form-Factor Pluggables (SFPs)
provide a simple way to deliver optical transmission by cutting fiber cabling needs in
half.
Item Specification
Nominal Bit rate 1-Fiber Bi-Directional 155520 kbit/s / STM1
Line code NRZ
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To start, select File to select your language, as illustrated in the following Figure.
e-terragricom
e-terragridcom
From the individual panels of the Hardware Configuration Window, select the combination of
units that makes up the target system, supplying an identifying name for each unit.
In future versions, the Teleprotection panes will allow the addition to the configuration of up
to two TPI Units. Service units are not yet available in version 6.1 and only one TP can be
set on the system.
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Default values
By default, the ratio allocated to to each channele (QAM, band1 or band 2) s given by:
For example, with QAM (8 kHz) + Band 1 (4kHz), the default values are:
Power for the TPI unit(s) is configured under the Advanced Tab of the AMP configuration
screen (see previous section).
External teleprotection (TPX) power is configured under the TP tab of the PRCS
configuration screen, as shown in Figure 16. Please refer to the related chapter in the
documentation T390/EN PU and T390/EN AP on how to configure external teleprotection
Choose first if a Boost is needed for the TPX commands (6 or 12 dB) in the Boost
mode panel.
Set the Input Gain with the + and - buttons in the Input Gain Panel. For this use
the following rules :
In the Guard Level panel of the INPUT zone, input the level of the Guard
frequency (dBm) generated by the external TP if any using the slide bars (or
else tick the check box Use guard send by PLC – In this case, the signalling
of the telephone channel will be used as the guard frequency for the TPX).
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In the Max TP Output Level panel of the INPUT zone, input the level of the
command frequency(ies) (dBm) generated by the external TP. This may be
different from the guard level.
Tune the Input Gain with the + and - buttons to obtain the required
values in the Guard RF Level and RF Command Level bars at the bottom of
the TP panel.
Note that the Max TP Output Level, Guard Level, Guard RF Level and RF
Command Level data are not sent to the PLC, they are only a guide to help the
tuning of the input gain. Therefore, when reading back the configuration from the PLC,
they will be reset to the default value. The Max TP Output Level and Guard Level
should be programmed on the TPX equipment.
Set the Output Gain with the + and - buttons in the Output Gain Panel. For this
use the following rules :
In the RF Level panel of the OUPUT zone, input the RF level of the Guard or
Commands tones.
Set the Output Gain with the + and - buttons to obtain the required
values in AF for the given tone (information Panel of the OUTPUT zone).
Note that the RF Level data is not sent to the PLC, it is only a guide to help the tuning
of the output gain. Therefore, when reading back the configuration from the PLC, this
will be reset to the default value.
On the Available Power panel, click the check boxes for the bands that will be cut
during command transmission. The selection includes automatically the TPX sending
band (band 1 is automatically selected, but selecting the other bands as well
guarantees maximum power for TPX command transmission).
Note 1: Guard level is limited by power allocated to band 1 in tab
Amp/advanced. Command level is limited by power allocated to bands
cut by TPX during command transmission.
Note 2: It is not possible to cut a band occupied by TPI.
Note 3: The TPX settings must be consistent with those for the DIP.
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The TPI configuration screen has the four menu options (tabs): Main, Communication Path,
Input and Output commands. Their functions are described below.
5.3 Main screen
On the TPI configuration screen, click Main to display the screen shown in Figure 17.
Logical Address
Applicable only in case of digital communication path activated. Enter a logical address for
the TPI unit, in the range 0 to 124. The local and remote TPI units must use the same logical
address.
Input MAX
The number of inputs available in the system. It depends on the hardware configuration
detected on the equipment. By this value is set to 8 and cannot be changed.
Output MAX
The number of outputs available in the system. It depends on the hardware configuration
detected on the equipment. By this value is set to 14 and cannot be changed.
Interfaces available
This panel lists the interfaces available in the system. It depends on the communication
interface detected on the equipment when configuration is on line.
As default the available interface is “Analogue on TPI” allowing the transfer of Teleprotection
command through the T390.
On off line configuration the following choices appear:
C37.94: This interface cover all the SFP optical interface module that can be plug into
the TPI: Please make sure to use the appropriate SFP to the type of fiber used and
distance to be covered.
G703-1 / G703-6 or V11 are daughter boards that can be implemented on TPI.
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The table displayed in communication path window allows selecting the paths and
commands to use.
The first column of the table contains the index of commands. The interfaces are displayed
in 2 following columns. First one is dedicated to Digital path, second one is dedicated to
Analogue path.
Operator column is fixed with no choice, at the reception side it will be acknowledged the first
command received.
5.4.1 Defining communication paths
5.4.1.1 Digital path
By clicking on lines of column “C3794”, you can select 2, 4 or 8 commands. By default, you
can only select 2 or 4 commands. In order to tick 8 commands, you have to select “8
commands” in the tab with digital path, which can be OPTICAL, V11, G703-1, G703-6 (see
section 5.7 for more details).
5.4.1.2 Analog path case dual tone
Select dual tone in the menu in analog on TPI column to choose the dual tone mode as
shown in Figure 19.
In the mixed mode, it is not possible to unselect commands as in dual tone. The commands 1 to 4 are
selected by default.
5.4.2 Operator
Only “OR” choice.
5.5 Analog, case dual tone
The analogue transmission system is an implementation of the “dual tone” principle:
In the other cases, external signals (QAM or signalling) are used as guard.
In the case TP in band, user can choose the TPI location. We call FcentralTPI the central
frequency of the TPI.
In case TP over speech, FcentralTPI is the center of the speech band.
In case TP over QAM separate, FcentralTPI is FcentralQAM+1000Hz.
Frequencies Location
F1 FcentralTPI +/- 700Hz
F2 FcentralTPI +/- 500Hz
F3 FcentralTPI +/- 300Hz
F4 FcentralTPI +/- 100Hz
F5 FcentralTPI -/+ 100Hz
F6 FcentralTPI -/+ 300Hz
F7 FcentralTPI -/+ 500Hz
F8 FcentralTPI -/+ 700Hz
In case of TPI over QAM, in superimposed mode with 16 khz bandwidth the frequencies
location are :
Frequencies Location
F1 Fcentral ± 6300Hz
F2 Fcentral ± 6500Hz
F3 Fcentral ± 6700Hz
F4 Fcentral ± 6900Hz
F5 Fcentral ± 7100Hz
F6 Fcentral ± 7300Hz
F7 Fcentral ± 7500Hz
F8 Fcentral ± 7700Hz
In the particular case of 6 commands, 7 frequencies are not enough to transmit all command
combinations. Hence we apply the priority rules given in the following table.
X X
X X
X X X
X X
X X X
X X X
X X X X
X X
X X X
X X X
X X X X
X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X X
X X
X X X
X X X
X X X X
X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X X
X X X
X X X X
X X X X
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In that case, the relation between commands and frequencies is given hereafter.
In the particular case of 6 commands, 7 frequencies are not enough to transmit all command
combinations. Hence we apply the priority rules given in the following table.
In that case, the relation between commands and frequencies is given inTable 11:
The rule is to avoid the use of F7 if possible and to keep the combination where the gap
between the two tones is maximum.
In that case, the relation between commands and frequencies is given hereafter.
In that case, the relation between commands and frequencies is given hereafter.
TP over QAM
TP over speech
TP In band
5.5.6.2 Command mode
If the key set/reset is installed, you can choose “4 commands”, “6 commands”, “1set/reset”,
“2 set/reset”, or “3 set/reset”.
The specific function set/reset is to avoid interrupting data transmission during command
sending from set pulse up to reset pulse.
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CTx
TPS TPS
C R
D0656ENa
CTx (SET/RESET)
D0657ENa
LINK STATUS
t
D0658ENa
C: INPUT COMMAND
CTx: Tx COMMAND TPS (SET/RESET)
R: COMMAND RESTITUTION
Together with an input C a Set/Reset CTx is sent by local TP to remote TP (Set=cmd1 &
Reset=cmd2) on line.
On remote TP a command R is receiving after Set acknowledged.
After Set acknowledged CTx may released allowing services transmission.
In standard mode after Reset acknowledged R may released.
If link down 2 Reset of 20sec are sending up to keep R on remote TP.
If the key set/reset is not installed, you can only choose 4 or 6 commands. If you select
“1set/reset”, “2 set/reset”, or “3 set/reset”, an error message will appears when applying
configuration.
Note: When closing the “Analogue Interface” window by clicking “OK” and
returning to “Communication path” window, don't forget to select
commands .(section 6.4)
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If you select “1 set/reset”, “2 set/reset” or “3 set/reset”, click on the ellipsis on the right of
command mode. The screen displayed in Figure 24 will appear. You can choose the set and
reset transmission duration using the slider.
Case TP in band
If you have chosen “TP in Band”, then you can choose to set the TPI over the band 1 or over
the band 2. No other service shall be configured on the chosen band.
If you have chosen “TP over speech” and if several speeches with signalling are configured,
then you can choose on which one the TPI is.
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Note that the TP TX BAND center is automatically set to the speech center frequency
selected and cannot be modified. The TP range is displayed accordingly (850Hz on each
side of the center frequency).
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5.5.6.4 TP TX band
In case TP in Band , it is possible to choose the place of the TPI in the band using slide bar.
Do not forget to check that the local TP Tx band is consistent with TP Rx band of remote
equipment.
5.5.6.5 Channel Cutting
In order to increase the power available for TP tones, it is possible to cut bands not used by
TP. The band used by TPI and selected in “Overlay Analogue Channel” is automatically cut.
For example,
If PEP is 40 W, if you have chosen in Amp / Advanced:
Band 1 ratio 20 %
Band 2 ratio 30 %
If the TPI is on QAM, and if you have chosen for cut bands “QAM band” and “band 1”, then:
The Unblocking occurs if no command is received and if the guard level measured through
an internal digital filter falls below a threshold Unblocking level and remains there for at least
the time specified in Unblocking Delay. The duration of Unblocking is Unblocking duration
Unblocking level: Use the slide bar to set the unblocking activation threshold in the
range -50 to -10 dB under Pep.
Unblocking Delay: Use the slide bar to set the unblocking activation delay. The value
range is from 0 to 200 ms.
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Unblocking Duration: Use the slide bar to set the unblocking duration in the range 0
to 5000 ms.
5.5.7.3 Alarms
Smaller level of received tones (guard excluded) - measured noise level on 4 kHz +
3dB.
The SNR Alarm occurs if the SNR measured through an internal digital filter falls below a
threshold SNR Low limit level and remains there for at least the time specified in SNR Low
limit Delay.
The SNR Alarm is removed if the SNR comes back over a threshold SNR High limit level
and remains there for at least the time specified in SNR High limit Delay.
SNR Low limit level: Use the slide bar to set the SNR alarm activation threshold in
the range -10 to 40 dB.
SNR Low limit Delay: Use the slide bar to set the SNR alarm activation delay. The
value range is from 0 to 5s.
SNR High limit level: Use the slide bar to set the SNR alarm deactivation threshold in
the range -10 to 40 dB.
SNR High limit Delay: Use the slide bar to set the SNR alarm deactivation delay. The
value range is from 0 to 5s.
Loss of Signal Alarm
The Loss of signal Alarm occurs if the Signal level measured through an internal digital filter
falls below a threshold Loss of signal low limit level and remains there for at least the time
specified in Loss of signal low limit Delay.
The Loss of signal Alarm is removed if the Signal level comes back over a threshold Loss of
signal high limit level and remains there for at least the time specified in Loss of signal high
limit Delay.
Loss of signal low limit level: Use the slide bar to set the Loss of signal alarm
activation threshold in the range -50 to 0 dB.
Loss of signal low limit Delay: Use the slide bar to set the Loss of signal alarm
activation delay. The value range is from 0 to 5s.
Loss of signal high limit level: Use the slide bar to set the Loss of signal alarm
deactivation threshold in the range -50 to 0 dB.
Loss of signal high limit Delay: Use the slide bar to set the Loss of signal alarm
deactivation delay. The value range is from 0 to 5s.
5.5.7.4 Reception levels Panel
Use this panel to set the reception level of each frequency, between -60 and +60dB.
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5.6.1 Frequencies
5.6.1.1 Speech 300-3400Hz
This should be the preferred mode.
300 Hz 3400 Hz
400 Hz
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7
300 Hz 2400 Hz
200 Hz
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7
300 Hz 2200 Hz
200 Hz
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7
300 Hz 2000 Hz
200 Hz
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7
As the TPIC is always set on a telephone channel, the guard frequency (F8) will be the
signaling selected for the phone. When no signaling is selected, the guard frequency will be
selected in the following list. (The preferred frequency for each channel is shown in blue).
Command Channel
A (300-3400 Hz) B (300-2400 Hz) C (300-2200 Hz) D (300-2000 Hz)
3660 3660 3660 3660
Guard
frequency 2520 2520 2520
2320 2320
2220
CASE 1
Input Commands
Permissive
Direct Tripping
OR OPTION 2
Transmitted
Commands
CASE 2
Permissive
Input Commands
Direct Tripping
Commands
Transmited
Transmit DT Transmit PT
The delay Tmin for the minimum transmission time of a direct tripping command will be set
by IHM. The minimum value for this delay will be constrained by the minimum time for the
receiver to acknowledge a direct trip command. On the other side, at the output command
relay can be set to a minimum duration from 0 ms to 2500 ms.
What happens when permissive input goes inactive again and direct tripping input stays
active? The following diagram describes these situations.
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CASE 1
Input Commands
Permissive
Direct Tripping
OR OPTION 2
Transmitted
Commands
CASE 2
Permissive
Input Commands
Direct Tripping
Commands
Transmited
Transmit DT
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
The relationship between the received commands and the output is the following:
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TABLE 19: RELATION BETWEEN RECEIVED COMMANDS & OUTPUTS - MODE 3+1
cmd F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8
A x
B x
A+B x
C x x
D x x
C+D x x
Test x x
Guard x
cmd F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8
A x
B x
C x
D x
E x x
Test x x
Guard x
5.6.4.3 Speech
The speech that has been activated in PRCS is automatically selected and is not modifiable.
It is furthermore possible to send a loop test in one shot from maintenance tab as explained
in section 7.4.
The result of the last loop test is displayed in Measure window, as explained in section 6.4.
The alarm in case of a loop test failure can be selected as minor or major.
Unblocking level: Use the slide bar to set the unblocking activation threshold in the
range -50 to -10 dB under Pep.
Unblocking Delay: Use the slide bar to set the unblocking activation delay. The value
range is from 1 to 200 ms.
Unblocking Duration: Use the slide bar to set the unblocking duration in the range
10ms to 5s.
5.6.5.3 Alarms
SNR Low limit level: Use the slide bar to set the SNR alarm activation threshold in
the range -10 to 15 dB.
SNR Low limit Delay: Use the slide bar to set the SNR alarm activation delay. The
value range is from 0.5s to 10s.
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SNR High limit level: Use the slide bar to set the SNR alarm deactivation threshold in
the range -10 to 15 dB. The high limit level cannot be lower than the low limit.
SNR High limit Delay: Use the slide bar to set the SNR alarm deactivation delay. The
value range is from 0.5s to 10s.
Loss of signal low limit level: Use the slide bar to set the Loss of signal alarm
activation threshold in the range -30 to -3 dB.
Loss of signal low limit Delay: Use the slide bar to set the Loss of signal alarm
activation delay. The value range is from 0.5s to 10s.
Loss of signal high limit level: Use the slide bar to set the Loss of signal alarm
deactivation threshold in the range -30 to -3 dB. The high limit level cannot be lower
than the low limit.
Loss of signal high limit Delay: Use the slide bar to set the Loss of signal alarm
deactivation delay. The value range is from 0.5s to 10s.
5.7 Digital
To configure the digital interface, click on button “C3794” in Window “Communication path”
The screen shown in Figure 41 is displayed.
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Number of commands
Use the menu to select 2, 4 or 8 commands. When closing the “Digital Interface” window and
returning to “Communication path” window, do not forget to selects the commands (section
5.4,). The default value is 4 commands.
Source clock
Click the appropriate radio button to select External or Internal clock. The default value is
“external”.
Clock Speed
Select the clock speed in the menu.
In OPTICAL, the available speeds are 64, 128 and 256 kbps (default value 64kbps).
In case V11, the available speeds are 32, 64, 128 and 256kbps (default value 32kbps).
In case G703-1, the available speed is 64kbps.
In case G703-6, the available speed is 2000kbps.
Transfer time alarm threshold
The alarm is set when propagation time exceeds the user-defined threshold. The default
value is 20 ms.
BER alarms
-6 -5 -4 -3
Select BER minor alarm threshold among 4 values: 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 . The default value is
-5
10 .
-3 -2 -1 -3
Select BER major alarm threshold among 3 values: 10 , 10 , 10 . The default value is 10 .
Communication mode (only available with V11 interface)
Click the appropriate radio button to select data received on external or internal clock. The
default value is “data received on external clock”.
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For each command, select the protection scheme, corresponding input(s), operator, Holding
delay and Validation delay. Details on each parameter is given in the following.
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With left mouse button, select the protection scheme. The protection scheme can be “type
1”, “type 2”, “type 3” or “type 4”, corresponding respectively to blocking, permissive, direct
tripping fast and direct tripping slow.
If the key “set/reset” is installed, and if you have selected “1 set/reset” in Analogue
interface/Tx, then CMD#1 is set#1 and CMD#2 is reset#1. The protection scheme of CMD#2
is automatically the same as the CMD#1. You can choose freely “type 1”, “type 2”, “type 3”,
“type 4” for CMD#3 and CMD#4.
If the key “set/reset” is installed, and if you have selected “2 set/reset” in Analogue
interface/Tx, then CMD#1 is set#1, CMD#2 is reset#1, CMD#3 is set#2, CMD#4 is reset#2.
The protection schemes of all commands, even CMD#5 are automatically the same.
If the key “set/reset” is installed, and if you have selected “3 set/reset” in Analogue
interface/Tx, then CMD#1 is set#1, CMD#2 is reset#1, CMD#3 is set#2, CMD#4 is reset#2,
CMD#5 is set#3, CMD#6 is reset#3. The protection schemes of all commands, are
automatically the same.
5.8.1.3 Inputs
For each command, select with left mouse button the inputs used to send the command. If
you want an inverted input, select with right mouse button instead of left mouse button.
For example, if you select for command 1 IN1 and IN2 with operator AND and for command
2 IN1 and IN2 with operator OR, then If IN1 is active, only command 2 is sent and if IN1 and
IN2 are active, commands 1 and 2 are sent.
IN 2
IN 3
IN 4
IN 5
IN 6
IN 7
IN 8
(ms) (ms)
CMD1 Type 1 X X AND 0 0
CMD2 Type 2 X X OR 0 0
Command
Transmitted
command
Input Holding
delay
D0659ENa
Command
Transmitted
command
D0660ENa
5.8.6 Filter
The filter delay (from 0 to 100ms) allows avoiding glitches. Input is considered as valid only if
it is active during at least the filter delay.
Command
Transmitted
command
Input Input
Filter delay Filter delay
D0661ENa
Relay 7 X
Relay 8 X
TABLE 22: LINK BETWEEN COMMANDS AND OUTPUT RELAYS, MIXED TONE MODE
5.9.4 Operator
For each relay, choose the operator with left mouse button. You can choose “AND” or “OR”.
The operator works for the whole line.
5.9.5 Holding Delay
Holding delay (from 0 to 100ms) is the command holding duration at reception.
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Command
Received
command
Output
Holding delay
D0662ENa
Detected
command
Received
command
5.9.7 Unblocking
In dual tone mode, the Unblocking can be set on one or more relays (NO or NO/NC), if no
alarm and no start is already set on the same relay.
In case mixed tone mode, the Unblocking can be set on one or more NO/NC relays if no
alarm are set on the same relay.
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Start CRX R
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
CRX
TPS TPS
START R
D0664ENa
START
CRX
t (mSec)
START
CRX
t (mSec)
D0665ENa
5.9.9 Events/Alarms
Four alarms can be relayed to outputs: Major, Minor, User1 and User 2.
Four alarms can be relayed to outputs: Major, Minor, User1 and User 2.
In dual tone mode, it is possible to associate Alarms to one or more of the 6 NC relays if no
other Command or Unblocking has already affected to these relays.
In mixed tone mode, it is possible to associate Alarms to one or more of the NC relays 1 to 4
if no other Command or Unblocking has already affected to these relays.
Major and AL1 are the same but the delay to output relays can be different.
Minor and AL2 are the same but the delay to output relays can be different.
Switched off
State of the Alarm Inactive Active Inactive
(Inactive)
AL = active low
This state (AH) is not properly operate for alarm indication
In this case we need a NC contact with active alarm state equal to the state when TPI is
switched off.
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D0671ENa
“Memory”: the relay is maintained in the state it had before the alarm occurred
1 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 1 1
Notes:
If nothing is set on a relay, the “state on alarm” of this relay is forced to “idle”
The “state on alarm” of relays where alarms are connected are forced to “transparent”
The “state on alarm” of relays where only unblocking is connected are forced to
“transparent”
As type 1 < type 2 < Type 3, the applied protection schemes are the following:
Select one of the TPI measures tabs to open the relevant display.
6.1 Input
Click Input Commands tab to see the input configuration and status displayed in Figure 57.
In this window, the relation between inputs and commands is reminded.
Furthermore, the active inputs status is displayed on the first line.
Keep in mind that the status is the status of the optoelectronics input (not the associated
logic)
In case of inverted input, the command is inactive when the status is red.
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6.2 Output
Click on Output Commands tab to see the relay configuration and status displayed in Figure
58. In this window, the relation between relays and commands is reminded. Furthermore, the
triggered outputs are highlighted in Red.
In this window are displayed the number of RX commands and the number of Tx commands
since the last reset of counters.
Capacity of each counter is up to 65535.
Integrated Teleprotection T390/EN TP
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6.4 Analog
Click on Tab “Analog” to display the screen shown in Figure 60. Reception levels of 8 tones
th
are displayed. If you are in mode “TP over speech”, the 8 tone level is the level of the
speech signalling.
Note: If the level of a tone is less than -45dB, it is displayed as -45dB.
Furthermore, in the case 2PT+2DT and 3PT+1DT, the result of last loop test is given. See
section 7.4 for more information on the loop test.
6.5 Digital
Two measures are available in case of digital path configured:
6.6 Alarms
Click on Tab “Alarms” to display the screen shown in Figure 63.
7. MAINTENANCE MENU
If you are granted, it is possible to force inputs and outputs. On the HMI Maintenance icone,
click Input Commands tab to display the screen shown in Figure 64:
Select one of the TPI maintenance tabs to open the relevant display.
7.1 Input commands
Click on Tab “Input commands” to display the screen shown in Figure 64.
In the window, the correspondence between commands and inputs is reminded.
In order to send commands on HF line, check boxes on the left of command numbers and
click button “Force”.
The warning window displayed in Figure 65 will appear. Click yes to send selected
commands on line. Click “no” to abort.
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In the case where one (or more) set/reset is configured, there is a button “clear cmds” next
the “force” button. To send manually a “reset” at reception, check the reset box below the
considered column and click on button “clear cmds”.
The warning window displayed in Figure 68 will appear. Click yes to activate selected
commands. Click no to abort.
7.3 Counters
The reset of the counters can be performed in the tab Reinitialization displayed in Figure 69.
The loop test tab is only available on the master side. Click on the tab to display the the
screen shown in Figure 70
The loop test can be initiated by clicking on button “Start loop test”.
The master unit sends then a message test MT1 to Slave during 200ms. The Slave answers
with a message test MT2 during 200ms. When this message is received by Master, it
answers with another message test, MT3 during 200ms.
The time transmission measured by Master is displayed in the panel “Last loop test result”. It
is equal to the time between the sending of message MT1 and the reception of MT2 divided
by 2.
On the slave side, the time transmission measured is equal to the time between the sending
of message MT2 and the reception of MT3 divided by 2.
The time measured includes not only the transmission time of the PLC, but also the
response time of the filters, the decision making on the Test message reception, anf the
different latencies inside the microprocessors (note that the loop test is not a first priority
task). Therefore the value given is neither the transmission time of the link nor the nominal
transmission time of the teleprotection.
The typical value measured on an artificial resistive load with a well tuned PLC link is 50ms.
If the MT2 message is not received after too long time, the master retransmits a second time
the message MT1. If the message MT2 is neither received, the master transmits a third time
the MT1 message. If the message MT2 is still not received, the status of the loop test is
“failed”.
8. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
8.1 Board top view
Remove the case top panel. The TPI mother board is similar to the following picture.
Input Input
Daughter Daughter
Board(1) Board(2)
Legend:
Power supply
P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1
D0666ENA
Dry contact
Wetted contact
The Wetted contacts are the normal case. The power required to switch the input is provided
by the external source. In this case all the input mode jumpers (JP 82 to 89 ) must be set to
position 1-2.
The dry contact can operate by using the daughter board Tio-Dry. In this case, no jumper is
required in input mode.
In this case, the input range jumper must be set to 24V (position1-2).
Integrated Teleprotection T390/EN TP
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
NC C NO NC C NO NC C NO
P5 OUT9 OUT10 OUT11
P6 OUT12 OUT13 OUT14
NO relays
OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 OUT4 OUT5 OUT6 OUT7 OUT8
JP 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66
NO/NC relays
OUT9 OUT10 OUT11 OUT12 OUT13 OUT14
JP 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34
Pin Description
+ BAT 48 VDC positive
- BAT 48 VDC negative
NC Not Connected
IR179 V11
IR173 G703-6
IR180 G703-1
D0667ENb
The P11 communication medium interface uses a Sub D 15-Pin female right-angle metallic
connector for the electrical communication options V11, G.703.1, and G.703.6. The pin-out
for each of these is different, and is described under the relevant heading in the paragraphs
that follow.
Integrated Teleprotection T390/EN TP
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V11/X24
This interface offers up to 64kbps transmission capabilities. The access interface is
composed of the three following circuits, for which data flow direction depends on the role
given to the interface (DTE or DCE):
1
9 T(B)
2 T(A)
10 R(B)
3 R(A)
11
4
12
5
13 S(B)
6 S(A)
14
7
15 S'(B)
8 S'(A)
If the interface is used as DCE, input and output pins must be swapped.
The signal S’ is a non-standard feature.
T390/EN TP Integrated Teleprotection
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G.703.1
This interface offers up to 64 kbps transmission capabilities.
1
9 T(B)
2 T(A)
10 R(B)
3 R(A)
11
4
12
5
13
6
14
7
15
8
G.703.6
This interface offers up to 2 Mbps transmission capabilities.
1
9 Tx +
2 Tx -
10 Rx +
3 Rx -
11
4
12
5
13
6
14
7
15
8
The front panel LEDs are shown in Figure 76 and described in the tables that follow.
LED Description
Int. Error See Section 8.9.1
Syst. OK See Section 8.9.1
On Line Communication synchronised
Maint. Future use only
Tx Cmd Yellow indicates command is sent
Rx Cmd Yellow indicates command is received
On (yellow) only if both analogue and digital path are
Backup
configured
On (yellow) if new event is available since last event
Events
download
LED Description
Major On Red and fix for local major alarm
Minor On Red and fix for local minor alarm
Major On Red and slow blinking for remote major alarm
Minor On Red and slow blinking for remote minor alarm
On Red and fast blinking for local and remote major
Major
alarm
On Red and fast blinking for local and remote minor
Minor
alarm
Alarm User 1 On Red for Alarm User 1
Alarm User 2 On Red for Alarm User 2
The complete list of possible alarms on the TPI with their gravity is given in section 6.6.
Testing standards
Other standards
IEEE 802.3: CSMA/CD
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Channel requirements
The three tripping modes (known collectively as “inter-tripping”) are Direct, Permissive, and
Blocking (defined below) and each puts different requirements on the transmission channel.
The trade-off between speed, security, and dependability is illustrated in Figure 85:
System integrators
Field engineer
TPI
Communication
path
TPI
Input Commands
TPI
Output Commands
TPI
Analog Path
TPI
Digital Path
End of
Configuration
Levels Tuning
D0668ENa
First of all configure all PLC services following the T390/EN/AP - PTC-T390-E-TS-016.
11.2.2 Window TPI / Main
Select analog column. Configure analogue path (see chapters 11.4 and 11.5)
Choose operators
11.2.4 Window TPI / Input commands
Link inputs to commands with left button of mouse (normal input) or right button of
mouse (inverted input).
In dual tone mode, select the type of each command (type 1, 2, 3 or 4).
In dual tone mode, set the validation delay for each command.
Verify that all commands set on an input are checked in window communication path.
Otherwise, when input is activated, these commands will be sent on the digital
transmission path and will be ignored at reception.
11.2.5 Window TPI / Output commands
11.4 TPI / communication path / Analog configuration case Dual Tone Mode
11.4.1 TPI / communication path / Analog configuration / TX
Overlay mode
Select the TP mode.
TP over QAM exists only if a QAM is defined, and if there is no already another TPI on it. TP
over speech exists only if a speech with signalling is defined, and if there is no already
another TP on it.
Command mode
Select the number of command: 4 or 6.
If you have key for set/reset, you can also choose”1 set/reset”, ” 2 set/reset”, “3 set/reset”.
Channel
Select the channel where to put the TPI (channel 2 is not available with version 6.1).
Do not select channel 2 if channel 1 is not used.
TP TX band
In case TP in band, you can move the TP in the channel you have chosen.
Verify on remote equipment that local Tx and Remote Rx are coherent.
Channel cutting
When a Tx command is present, it is possible to cut other channels to allocate more power
to teleprotection mode.
Cutting other channels allows increasing security and dependability. On the other hands,
services of the cut channel will not operate during command transmission.
Transmission level
Set the transmission levels to maximal value minus 3dB for commands and for guard.
11.4.2 TPI / communication path / Analog configuration / RX
TP Rx band
Verify on remote equipment that local Rx band and Remote Tx band are coherent.
Unblocking limit
A good choice is -20dB for level
Tune the delay of guard loss to switch on unblocking and tune the unblocking duration.
The unblocking functionality is non-sense in case TP over QAM if QAM mode is
separate.
Alarms
The recommended values for Alarms are described hereafter.
SNR high limit between 6dB and -2 dB To avoid alarms flooding, adjust the delay
to 1s or more
SNR low limit between 3dB and -5dB To avoid alarms flooding, adjust the delay
to 1s or more
Signal loss high between -4dB and -15dB To avoid alarms flooding, adjust the delay
limit to 1s or more
Signal loss low between -2dB and -10dB To avoid alarms flooding, adjust the delay
limit to 1s or more
Reception levels
Set the reception levels to same values as transmission levels.
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11.5 TPI / communication path / Analog configuration case Mixed tone Mode
11.5.1 TPI / communication path / Analog configuration / TX
Overlay mode
Already selected by default
Speech
Already selected by default
Guard frequency
If this option is visible (no signalling defined), select the guard frequency
Loop test
Select an hourly or daily loop test if needed and define the schedule in “loop test time” panel.
Define the severity of loop test failure. By default, choose “minor”.
Tmin DT commands
Define the minimal duration of a Direct Tripping Commands.
Increasing this value improves the probability of missing command of direct tripping
commands, but delays the permissive commands that can occur during the transmission of a
Direct Tripping (see section 5.6.2.1)
Transmission level
Set the transmission levels to maximal value minus 3dB for commands and for guard.
Unblocking limit
A good choice is -20dB for level
Tune the delay of guard loss to switch on unblocking and tune the unblocking duration.
Alarms
The recommended values for Alarms are described hereafter.
Reception levels
Set the reception levels to same values as transmission levels.
Reboot system
T390/EN TP Integrated Teleprotection
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Redo step 9.7 and check that all measures are 0dB.
Alstom Grid
www.alstom.com
e-terra T390
Universal Power Line Carrier
APPLICATION NOTES
Version 6.2
T390/EN AP
GRID
Product /Project name – Type of document
Application Note T390/EN AP
e-terra T390 Page 3/216
CONTENTS
SAFETY SECTION
FILTERS SETTINGS 29
QUICK START-UP 47
FIRMWARE UPGRADE 79
SAFETY SECTION
Safety Section
(SS) - 1/6
1. INTRODUCTION 2
(SS) - 2/6
1. INTRODUCTION
This Safety Section and the relevant equipment documentation provide full information on
safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment. This Safety Section also
includes reference to typical equipment label markings.
The technical data in this Safety Section is typical only, see the technical data section of the
relevant equipment documentation for data specific to a particular equipment.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment the user should be familiar with
the contents of this Safety Section and the ratings on the equipment’s rating
label.
Reference should be made to the external connection diagram before the equipment is
installed, commissioned or serviced.
Language specific, self-adhesive User Interface labels are provided in a bag for some
equipment.
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and
of the system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and
to isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety
engineering practices;
(SS) - 3/6
Note: This symbol may also be used for a Protective Conductor (Earth) terminal if that
terminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly e.g. power supply.
(SS) - 4/6
(SS) - 5/6
Disposal
It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided.
The equipment should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any equipment
containing batteries should have them removed before disposal, taking
precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of
operation, may apply to the disposal of the equipment.
Safety Section
(SS) - 6/6
6.4 Environment
The equipment is intended for indoor installation and use only. If it is required for use in an
outdoor environment then it must be mounted in a specific cabinet of housing which will
enable it to meet the requirements of IEC 60529 with the classification of degree of
protection IP54 (dust and splashing water protected).
Pollution Degree - Pollution Degree 2 Compliance is demonstrated by reference to safety
Altitude - Operation up to 2000m standards.
IEC 60255-27:2005
EN 60255-27: 2005
Application Note T390/EN AP
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CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 9
1.1 Standards - Norms 9
1.2 Links 10
3. WIRING INSTRUCTIONS 14
3.1 General principle for Telecom room wiring 14
3.2 Screens, Shielding 15
3.3 Grounding 15
3.4 LMU connection 16
3.5 Protection & galvanic isolation 16
T390/EN AP Application Note
Installation User Guide
Page 8/216 e-terragridcom T390
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. FOREWORD
This document is focused to the T390 equipment, but covers also related equipments that
could be connected to, such as DIP teleprotection equipment, modems, protocols or
interface converters.
The T390 is a full range of products designed to cover the power utilities needs. The
complete project is suitable for conventional analog transmission & services as well as new
digital services as noted in the Cigré PLC report:
“Digital Power Line Carrier/WG 35.09/ August 2000”.
This document aims at giving some rules and guidelines to install properly T390 equipment
within a substation
Equipments covered by this document:
T390
Alstom LMU
DIP
Alstom OCM
Name Comments
IEC 60495 1993 edition
IEC 60834-1 Edition 2.0 (1999-10)
Cigré report Digital Power Line Carrier/WG 35.09/ August 2000
IEC 60663 Manual for planning of (SSB) PLC systems: Part 1 PLC systems
(1980)
IEC TS 61000-6-5 Generic standards - immunity for power station and substation
environments
EN60950-1 Demonstrating compliance with the European Low Voltage Directive
EN60255-27 Demonstrating compliance with the European Low Voltage Directive
IEC ou EN 61000-6-4 Generic standards - Emission standard for industrial environments
EN 55011 limits of conducted radio disturbance
EN 55022 limits of radiated radio disturbance
UIT-T (V,X)
T390/EN AP Application Note
Installation User Guide
Page 10/216 e-terragridcom T390
1.2 Links
For more information, see related documents:
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the
contents of the safety section, the technical data section and the ratings on the
equipment rating label.
For all other equipments placed within the cubicle, such as Teleprotection, modems, the Star
supply scheme should be used for connection.
Use a separate circuit breaker to protect each system. In general application we will have:
The protection devices placed closed to the arrival of cable (at the input of the cabinet)
A solid copper bar to minimize the ground impedance at each point within the cabinet
and ensure that all equipment is at the same potential
Equipment shall be connected to a 3 wire circuit breaker (+bat, -bat and protective
[earth] conductor)
Each T390 unit shall be connected to the protective (earth) bar using a large cross
section braid. This shall be securely connected to the protective (earth) conductor
terminal (PCT) using an M4 screw and flat washer. The PCT is marked on the rear of
the T390 with the symbol:
T390/EN AP Application Note
Installation User Guide
Page 12/216 e-terragridcom T390
A split ferrite sleeve, with snap fit plastic case should be fitted around the power
supply cable(s), either at the cable entry or between the input terminal and the circuit
breaker. This is to ensure that the EMC design requirements are maintained.
In case of use of additional AMPX amplifier for 80W we recommend to 2U spacing with the main
amplifier
Amplifier radiator being on the left side ( front view ) it is recommended to put the more cooling on this
side and like insure an air flow in the cabinet
T390/EN AP Application Note
Installation User Guide
Page 14/216 e-terragridcom T390
3. WIRING INSTRUCTIONS
3.1 General principle for Telecom room wiring
Use only shielded & closed cabinet for all telecom equipments, and use separate power
supply wires for each cabinet in the room.
Use large section cable for power supply connection to ensure all equipment is at the same
potential. If necessary, double or triple the power supply cable between the battery charger
and each cabinet.
Use large copper braid for all ground connection.
Connections should be kept as short as possible.
Create distinct conduits for each kind of signal level & frequencies. For instance, use
separate conduit for:
Conduit 2: RF line
We highly recommend using a LMU coupling box with the T390 PLC equipments.
We recommend a phase to phase connection whenever is possible.
3.5 Protection & galvanic isolation
Except the RF line, already discussed, the various connections to the PLC should follow the
following rules:
All connection inside the T390 cabinet are direct (without isolation) through shielded
cables
All connection within the telecom room should be properly shielded, made as short as
possible, put far away from other kind of signal to avoid crosstalk or disturbance
(power cables, HF, high voltage cables, etc)
All connection that exit the telecom room should distinctly studied and additional rules
applied:
Care about the voltage reference or each side, especially if different batteries are
used
CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 21
1.1 Scope 21
1.2 References 21
2. GENERAL SCHEME 22
3. SETTING STEPS 23
T390/EN AP Application Note
Installation Check Guide
Page 20/216 e-terragridcom T390
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. FOREWORD
1.1 Scope
This document is a quick start guide for the T390 installation. It is useful to get the best
performances of your system.
This document is aimed at anyone who has to set T390 equipment, that is to say:
System integrators
Field engineer
This document is valid for the T390 products.
1.2 References
For more information, see related documents:
2. GENERAL SCHEME
The following diagram is an overview of all the steps to perform for a complete T390 setting.
Every step is detailed below. Check the validity of the step before going to the next one
Application Note T390/EN AP
Installation Check Guide
e-terragridcom T390 Page 23/216
3. SETTING STEPS
1 SYSTEM RECEPTION
2 HARDWARE MOUNTING
3 CONNECTION
4 AMPLIFIER SETTING
5 LINE SETTINGS
1. IN LINE TX POWER: The global Tx power
level must be adjusted to the desired value.
With a selective voltmeter, measure the level
of the FSK directly at the output of the
amplifier (if necessary, use an attenuator),
the FSK level is , by default, 22dB under the
PEP. Adjust the level (HF ADJUST) to get
the right value.
2. FREQUENCY PRECISION: In the
maintenance tool, go to OFFLINE
MAINTENANCE and send a tone a 0Hz, -
20dB. It will be emitted at the center of the
band. Check the frequency precision with
the selective voltmeter and correct the
emission frequency in the configuration
window if necessary. Keep the tone for the
next step
3. HYBRID REJECTION: connect the
selective voltmeter to the test point of the
hybrid board in the amplifier unit- and tune
the hybrid to get the minimum reinjection
(see T390_EN_AM for details).
6 ANALOG CHANNEL
7 DIGITAL CHANNEL
8 NETWORK SERVICES
FILTERS SETTINGS
Application Note T390/EN AP
Filters Settings
e-terragridcom T390 Page 31/216
CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 33
2. TRANSMISSION FILTER SETTINGS 34
2.1 Precisions on filter parameters 34
2.2 TXF board jumpers setting 35
2.3 TXF board filter tuning 36
2.3.1 Required measurement instruments 36
2.3.2 TXFA board test bench 36
2.3.3 TXFB board test bench 39
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. FOREWORD
This document applies to all T390 amplifier products, including T390-AMP and T390-AMPX.
For previous T390 amplifier configuration please to refer directly to T390 user manual (PTC-
T390-E-TS-011)
The T390 transmission and reception filter can be tuned at any 100Hz step, between
24 kHz and 700 kHz, using the same straps of the closest standard transmission
channels reported on the electronic spreadsheet (excel format).
TXF: “PTC-Tx9x-E-DEV-TXF-001.xls”
RXF: “PTC-Tx9x-E-DEV-RXF-001.xls”
T390/EN AP Application Note
Filters Settings
Page 34/216 e-terragridcom T390
For 4 kHz and 5 kHz Bandwidth, the lower central frequency is 22 kHz (lower filter is
20 - 24 kHz for the 4 kHz BW and 20 - 25 kHz BW)
For 8 kHz Bandwidth, the lower central frequency is 24 kHz (lower filter is 20 - 28 kHz)
For 16 kHz Bandwidth, the lower central frequency is 48 kHz (lower filter is 40 -
56 kHz)
The real bandwidth of the filters and the tapping loss mask are depending on the position of
the central frequency between 22 and 700 kHz. They are summarized in the following table:
Fc is the central frequency and dF is the distance from the central frequency (up or down)
where the tapping loss becomes lower than 1.5 dB
4 / 5 kHz BW
Fc (kHz) Useful BW dF (kHz)
–22-200 5 kHz 9.5
–201-320 8 kHz 13.5
–321-500 8 kHz 15
–501-700 16 kHz 34
8 kHz BW
–24-47 8 kHz 9.5
–48-320 8 kHz 14
–321-500 8 kHz 15
–501-700 16 kHz 34
16 kHz BW
–48-200 16 kHz 30
–201-700 16 kHz 34
Note that for a given useful bandwidth, the in-band loss increases with the center frequency.
If the main concern is the output power, the useful bandwidth above should be preferred in
the upper part of the frequency range.
Application Note T390/EN AP
Filters Settings
e-terragridcom T390 Page 35/216
First select the version of the board, TXFA or TXFB. If TXFB is selected, there are no other
options. For a TXFA module, select the normal option if it is aimed to be used alone or the
Double Power option if the board is to be connected to an AMPX module. Then choose the
output impedance, which can be 50 to 150 Ω balanced or unbalanced. The preferred
selections are 75 Ω unbalanced or 150 Ω balanced modes.
Second step – Central frequency and bandwidth
Enter the central frequency and the bandwidth of the required filter. The spreadsheet will
automatically propose the best jumpers setting.
The minimum value of the central frequency depends on the bandwidth selected and must
be in the following range:
Set the jumpers and go to the following step: TXF filter tuning.
T390/EN AP Application Note
Filters Settings
Page 36/216 e-terragridcom T390
Set the hybrid jumpers on 75 Ω and tune the potentiometer P1 to its minimum value
(Unscrew)
Tracking Generator
75 ohms
TG
Analyser
75 ohms
LM
D0565ENa
Send a test tone at the central frequency of the filter Fc, and then adjust the two coils for the
minimum signal loss. Send tones at the frequencies Fc ± BandWidth/2 try to reach the best
symmetry on the edges of the band. Verify that the filter loss matches the value on the table
below. Note that the value of the admitted loss depends on the position of the T390 in the
20-700 kHz band and on the bandwidth of the filter.
T390/EN AP Application Note
Filters Settings
Page 38/216 e-terragridcom T390
Check that the filter frequency response matches the mask on the figure below. In these
figures, CL is the measured value of the loss at the center frequency Fc performed in
previous step.
Level (dB)
B3 B3
B2 Fc B2
F (kHz)
CL
CL+A1
B1 B1
CL+A2
CL+A3
The parameters of the frequency response mask are given in the table below:
Application Note T390/EN AP
Filters Settings
e-terragridcom T390 Page 39/216
A1 + 0.15dB
Outside the band, the minimum allowed values are:
A2 – 1dB
A3 – 1dB
Tip: the two coils L1 and L2 have theoretically the same self-inductance value. To avoid long
blindly search for the good filter response, the first step is to screw on (clockwise) the
adjusting screws of the coils until blocking. To perform the adjustment, try then to screw on
or off the two tuning screws alternately with the same number of turns.
2.3.3 TXFB board test bench
Set the hybrid jumpers on 75 Ω and tune the hybrid potentiometer P1 to its minimum
value (Unscrew)
Tracking Generator
75 ohms
Analyser
75 ohms
D0567ENa
Enter the central frequency and the bandwidth of the required filter. The spreadsheet will
automatically propose the best jumpers setting.
The central frequency range allowed depends on the bandwidth selected and must be the
following:
The 2.5 kHz bandwidth filters are used to cover the 2.5 kHz reception band in TX/RX 2.5 kHz
adjacent configuration. Above 320 kHz, or for double channel in the 2.5 kHz mode, use the
5 kHz filters.
Set the jumpers in accordance with the spread sheet then go to the next step.
Set the first attenuator jumpers in the following position: JP2 CLOSED - JP6 OPEN
T390/EN AP Application Note
Filters Settings
Page 42/216 e-terragridcom T390
Tracking Generator
75 ohms L1
TG
L3
Analyser L2
75 ohms
LM
D0568ENa
With the signal generator, send a tone at the central frequency Fc of the filter. Set the
selective voltmeter on this frequency, with a measurement bandwidth < 30 Hz. Then follow
the steps of the procedure below.
Then, adjust alternatively L1 and L2 to obtain the minimum attenuation on Fc. At each
step, it is recommended to find the maximum level. Verify that the final loss matches
the values of the following table (Note that the value of the admitted loss depends on
the position of the T390 in the 40-500 kHz band, and on the bandwidth selected).
Next, taking the loss at Fc for reference, verify the value of the attenuation in the
passband of the filter. If necessary, adjust slightly L1 and L2.
With the same reference, verify the value at the limit frequencies:
Fc 8 kHz for 16 kHz bandwidth
Fc 4 kHz for 8 and 4 kHz bandwidth (4 kHz BW for Fc > 375 kHz)
Fc 2 kHz for 4 kHz bandwidth (4 kHz BW for Fc 375 kHz)
Fc 1.25 kHz for 2.5 kHz bandwidth (For Fc 320 kHz)
These values must be symmetrical. If it is not the case, adjust very slightly the L3 coil
to restore the balance.
If the L3 coil has been adjusted in the previous step, verify the loss on Fc. If
necessary, adjust very slightly the L1 and L2 coil to find back the minimum loss.
Application Note T390/EN AP
Filters Settings
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The adjustments must be done in a very precise way. It is recommended to use a small
plastic screwdriver and to be very meticulous. Verify that the filter frequency response
matches the masks on Figure 4 below. In the following figure, CL is the measured value of
the loss at the center frequency Fc performed in previous step.
Level (dB)
B3 B3
B2 Fc B2
F (kHz)
CL
CL+A1
B1 B1
CL+A2
CL+A3
The parameters of the frequency response mask are given in the table below:
A1 + 0.15dB
Outside the band, the minimum allowed values are:
A2 – 1dB
A3 – 1dB
Tip: the two coils L1 and L2 have theoretically the same self-inductance value, while L3 is
the double of L1 and L2. To avoid long blindly search for the good filter response, the first
step is to screw on (clockwise) all the adjusting screws of the coils until blocking. Then begin
with the search of a maximum level with L3 and after; adjust L1 and L2 trying then to screw
on or off both of them alternately with the same number of turns.
Application Note T390/EN AP
e-terragridcom T390 Page 47/216
QUICK START-UP
Application Note T390/EN AP
Quick Start-Up
e-terragridcom T390 Page 49/216
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 51
1.1 Scope 51
1.2 References 51
2. ACCESSORIES PROVIDED 52
2.1 Hardware & Software 52
3. CDROM INSTALLATION 53
3.1 HMI Installation 53
3.1.1 Step 1 53
3.1.2 Step 2 53
3.1.3 Step 3 53
3.1.4 Step 4 54
4. COMPUTER-PLC CONNECTION 55
4.1 Physical Connection 55
4.2 Software Configuration 55
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
This document handles about How to make a T390 quick start up.
1.2 References
For more information, see related documents:
2. ACCESSORIES PROVIDED
2.1 Hardware & Software
Check the accessories provided within the PLC, following your configuration, according to
information given in T390-EN-OS.
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Quick Start-Up
e-terragridcom T390 Page 53/216
3. CDROM INSTALLATION
3.1 HMI Installation
3.1.1 Step 1
Your computer has to use the W2000 or WXP.
Open the CD-ROM
3.1.2 Step 2
Then double click on folder HMI…
3.1.3 Step 3
Double click on setup.exe…
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Quick Start-Up
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3.1.4 Step 4
The HMI is already installed on your computer automatically, at this location:
C:\Program Files\Alstom\e-terragridcom T390
Remarks:
The “Access manager” icon concerns the customisation of the PLC password.
4. COMPUTER-PLC CONNECTION
4.1 Physical Connection
Use the cable provided under the user kit (cross Ethernet cable equipped with RJ45 plug,
1m).
Connect it to the RJ45 PRCS unit (Ethernet 10/100 MB plug)
Computer
5.1.3 Step 3
Click on “Connection”:
5.1.4 Step 4
Select the IP associated to the module you are connected:
By default, the IP address of T390 equipment is given below according to the kind of
equipment. In any case, this value should be mentioned in the TRS or FAT/SAT report
sheet.
If no change has been made during commissioning, FAT or SAT, all units have the same
default IP address, forbidding connecting them on a HUB or switching equipment.
Application Note T390/EN AP
Quick Start-Up
e-terragridcom T390 Page 57/216
5.1.5 Step 5
Click on “Connect”.
5.1.6 Step 6
The “Identification” window appears to leave you enter the default user name and password.
5.1.7 Step 7
Number “3” is the common user name and password standard access.
Refer to the “T390/EN OS” manual to change user name and password references.
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Quick Start-Up
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5.1.8 Step 8
Click on “Login” and you can have an overview of your system:
5.1.9 Step 9
Click on “OK” and the main window is appearing.
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL 63
1.1 Physical connection between a PC and a PLC 63
1.1.1 Basic connection 63
1.1.2 Indirect PC connection through a LAN (complex configuration) 64
1.2 Check if your PC is able to access the equipment 64
4. SECURITY PACK 74
4.1 Overview 74
4.2 Enabling the security 74
5. ANNEXES 75
5.1 Uderstanding ip addressing 75
5.2 Classes 75
5.2.1 Class A network 75
5.2.2 Class B network 75
5.2.3 Class C network 75
5.2.4 Class D network 75
5.2.5 Class E network 75
5.3 Internet-legal versus Private addressing 76
5.4 Understanding subnet mask 76
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MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. GENERAL
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the
contents of the safety section, the technical data section and the ratings on the
equipment rating label.
All units of system are connected together through the daisy-chain lvds ring. This feature
allows seeing and configuring the whole system with only one Ethernet connection.
However, under some circumstances (firmware corruption, kernels incompatibility,
parameters mismatch, etc), it could be necessary to connect to each unit to restablish the
system coherency.
We recommend connecting always to the processing unit for faster access to the
equipment.
1.1.1 Basic connection
Basic connection means that PC and T390 equipment are not connected to an existing LAN
or WAN, allowing a complete free Ethernet configuration.
In this figure, you are completely free for choosing the IP address of the equipment.
By default, the IP address of T390 equipment is given below according to the kind of
equipment. In any case, this value should be mentioned in the TRS or FAT/SAT report
sheet.
If no change has been made during commissioning, FAT or SAT, all units have the same
default IP address, forbidding connecting them on a HUB or switching equipment.
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Page 64/216 e-terragridcom T390
Connect only one unit first, reconfigure the IP address/mask/gateway of each recognized
units, and reboot the system. After this operation, you may connect all units to the HUB.
1.1.2 Indirect PC connection through a LAN (complex configuration)
In the scheme depicted below, each computer shown are able to configure the digital PLC.
In addition, through the LAN2LAN feature of the PLC, you could also configure the remote
PLC and all PLC seen through the TCP/IP network.
Before connecting the PLC to a network, you have to properly configure your equipment to
be compliant with your network. Otherwise you may jeopardize your network and/or not be
able to access your equipment.
Connect first your equipment to an isolated network as described in the above basic
connection chapter, and configure properly your system.
Contact your network administrator to obtain a free IP address range for your products and
the gateway IP address if a router is on the path between your PC and the connected
equipments.
Verify also the presence of a firewall in the network that may block the traffic between the
HMI and the T390.
1.2 Check if your PC is able to access the equipment
The PC should be configured properly to be able to see the Ethernet subnet of the PLC. In
other words, the PC should have an IP address mask allowing to not hide the address of the
connected equipment.
To know and configure your PC, follow the guide below:
Under WINDOWS 2000/XP;
Run ipconfig/all from a Command Prompt window.
(click Start, then Run, then type cmd in the text box.)
Type in ipconfig /all in the Command Prompt Windows.
Application Note T390/EN AP
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e-terragridcom T390 Page 65/216
Configure the units.ini file within HMI directory to point the PLC units.
Click on "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" and then click the "Properties" button.
Application Note T390/EN AP
Connecting the HMI to T390
e-terragridcom T390 Page 67/216
Then, the following window allows you to configure the IP address, the subnet mask and the
gateway address for this connection.
To connect the Personal computer directly to the PLC, enter an IP Address compatible with
the Subnet Mask of the PLC IP configuration. Set the Default gateway field to 0.0.0.0. The
DNS server address fields can be left blank.
Example:
The default configuration of the PLC is:
IP Address: 10.22.171.200
IP Address: 10.22.171.202
Program the TCP/IP properties of your computer according to the T390 default
configuration and connect directly the PLC and the computer with a cross-cable as
described above.
With the HMI application, modify the TCP-IP settings of the T390 according to your
administrator's recommendations.
Program the TCP/IP properties of your computer back to the original configuration
(connection to your local area network).
Connect the T390 and the computer on the local area network with direct cables.
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Adding a single address within the HMI dialog box (easy method)
Then right click anywhere in this windows. the button "Add New IP" should appear, click on
it, and fill the required fields:
If the PLC rejects any logon and you are able to ping its IP address properly, the equipment
may be protected by the security pack option. In this case, refer to the security pack chapter
for details.
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Using the LAN2LAN module, for connecting 2 LANs across a PLC link
4. SECURITY PACK
The security pack is a feature which allows the user to protect the access to equipment
without the required privilege.
4.1 Overview
Security pack offers 3 levels:
Record the administrator login/pwd somewhere: if you forget the password, you won’t
be able to connect to your equipment
5. ANNEXES
5.1 Uderstanding ip addressing
Every computer that communicates over the Internet is assigned an IP address that uniquely
identifies the device and distinguishes it from other computers on the Internet.
An IP address consists of 32 bits, often shown as 4 bytes ranging from 0 to 255 and
generally represented in decimal form instead of binary form.
For example, the IP address:
168.212.226.204
in binary form is:
10101000.11010100.11100010.11001100
But it is easier for everyone to remember decimal numbers than it is to remember binary
numbers. That's the reason why we use decimals to represent the IP address.
An IP address consists of two parts, one identifying the network and one identifying the node
or host. The Class of the address determines which part belongs to the network address and
which part belongs to the node address.
All nodes on a given network share the same network prefix but must have a unique host
number.
5.2 Classes
5.2.1 Class A network
Binary address start with 0, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 1 to 126.
The first byte identifies the network, and the remaining 24 bits indicate the host within the
network. An example of a Class A IP address is 102.168.212.226, where "102" identifies the
network and "168.212.226" identifies the host on that network.
5.2.2 Class B network
Binary addresses start with 10, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 128 to
191. (The number "127" is reserved for loopback and is used for internal testing on the local
machine.) The first two bytes identify the network and the remaining 16 bits indicate the host
within the network. An example of a Class B IP address is 168.212.226.204 where "168.212"
identifies the network and "226.204" identifies the host on that network.
5.2.3 Class C network
Binary addresses start with 110, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 192 to
223. The first 24 bits (the first three octets) identify the network and the remaining 8 bits
indicate the host within the network. An example of a Class C IP address is 200.168.212.226
where "200.168.212" identifies the network and "226" identifies the host on that network.
5.2.4 Class D network
Binary addresses start with 1110, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 224
to 239. Class D networks are used to support multicasting.
5.2.5 Class E network
Binary addresses start with 1111, therefore the decimal number can be anywhere from 240
to 255. Class E networks are used for experimentation. They have never been documented
or utilized in a standard way.
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Simplified administration- With the help of routers networks can be broken up into
smaller subnets that can be managed more independently and efficiently.
Isolation of network traffic - With the help of routers and subnetting, network traffic can
be kept to a minimum.
Application Note T390/EN AP
Connecting the HMI to T390
e-terragridcom T390 Page 77/216
The diagram above illustrates how a sub-netted IP appears on an internal Intra-Net and the
Internet. The Internet only reads the NetId and the routers on the Internet are only
concerned with routing the IP packet to the Intra-Net external router. When the IP packet
reaches the external router, which has been configured for subnet routing reads the HostId.
The router then forwards the packet to appropriate subnet where it is delivered to the host.
Determining the Subnet Mask to Use:
The diagram below shows that when subnetting an IP address the Netid remains unchanged
but the Hostid is further sectioned or divided up.
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Connecting the HMI to T390
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Application Note T390/EN AP
e-terragridcom T390 Page 79/216
FIRMWARE UPGRADE
Application Note T390/EN AP
Firmware Upgrade
e-terragridcom T390 Page 81/216
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 84
1.1 Scope 84
1.2 References 84
6. APPENDIX 97
6.1 HMI: Firmware window description 97
6.2 General procedure to upgrade an unit 98
6.2.1 MSU 98
6.2.2 VSU 98
6.2.3 Tio board 98
6.2.4 Kernel image 98
6.2.5 Applicatives 99
6.3 Specific procedure to upgrade an unit from release 6.0 to release 6.1 99
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Firmware Upgrade
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Application Note T390/EN AP
Firmware Upgrade
e-terragridcom T390 Page 83/216
MODIFICATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
This document handles about the T390 firmware upgrade that could occur during several
situations as commissioning or system replacement.
The identification of your current release is important for knowing if it is necessary to upgrade
MSU script or not.
Here below you can see the version of MSU script on 6.2 release (X02V02);
Information on kernel and bundle version of each unit are given in PLC info window.
The Hardware version is given in same above figure under the field “Part Number”. The last
2 digits of the part number indicate the hardware version.
Procedure:
Step 1; select Firmware upgrade window and unit
4. FIRMWARE UPGRADE/UPDATE
4.1 Objective
The objective of this chapter is to describe how to proceed to load a new bundle on the
equipment (update or upgrade of the Firmware).
Partial update may cause the system to fail or to not work properly
4.1.1 Passwords & permissions
In order to be able to upgrade a system, you must have the level3 privilege. Contact your
responsible to get the right login level.
All scripts are also protected by a distinct password. All passwords regarding your purchased
firmware & options, are given in a sheet called « Firmware property certificate ». This
certificate, shipped with the CDROM, grants you the right to install and use the related
package on one system.
4.2 Upgrading a new T390
4.2.1 General procedure
To upgrade the equipment to a newer product release, please follow the procedure:
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Firmware Upgrade
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Take care to maintain the same product release and firmware option
on the entire system. A non-homogeneity may be not detected by the
HMI and causes some crash of the system.
Application Note T390/EN AP
Firmware Upgrade
e-terragridcom T390 Page 95/216
6. APPENDIX
6.1 HMI: Firmware window description
9. XILINX AREA (and DSP): list of the xilinx and DSP files used by the selected unit:
Name: name of the xilinx file
Real size: size of the file before compression
Comp size: size of the file after compression
Comp: type of compression used for the file
CRC: cyclic redundancy code of the file
Info: type of file (XILINX or DSP)
Start: tells if the file is set to be programmed at T390 startup
Loaded: tells if the file is currently running on the T390
Flashing date: date corresponding to the file download on the T390
NOTE: the xilinx area can be reset and all files erased by clicking on the
“Erase button”
10. PROGRAM AREA: list of the PowerPC files used by the selected unit:
Name: name of the file
Real size: size of the file before compression
Comp size: size of the file after compression
Comp: type of compression used for the file
CRC: cyclic redundancy code of the file
Start: tells if the file is set to be programmed at T390 start-up
Flashing date: date corresponding to the file download on the T390
NOTE: The program area can be reset and all files erased by clicking on the
“Erase button”
11. USER PARAMETERS AREA: list of the unit parameters. These parameters are
changed by using the HMI Firmware Configuration window and are described in the
T390 Technical Notes.
NOTE: The program area can be reset and all files erased by clicking on the
“Erase button”
6.2.1 MSU
6.2.2 VSU
Launch the script corresponding to your units available in the directory \Kernel_upgrade
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Firmware Upgrade
e-terragridcom T390 Page 99/216
6.2.5 Applicatives
Launch the script corresponding to your units available in the directory \Applicative_upgrade
S10 is a script for upgrading AMP and PRCS
S110 is a script for upgrading AMP, PRCS and TP
6.3 Specific procedure to upgrade an unit from release 6.0 to release 6.1
In the case of upgrade from 6.0 to 6.1, from 6.0 to 6.2 o 6.1 to 6.2, it is not useful to upgrade MSU.
Only TIO, VSU, kernels and applicatives have to be upgraded.
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Firmware Upgrade
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CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 105
1.1 Scope 105
1.2 References 105
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. FOREWORD
1.1 Scope
This document handles about the adjacent bands configuration. This configuration is helpful
when you have a single band available for Tx/Rx, and a separated band mode is preferred to
superimposed mode respect to SNR or recovery time best achievement.
The following paragraphs are pieces of advice to achieve the best performance for the
8+8kHz configuration (single band of 16kHz available).
This document does not apply for other adjacent modes such as 4+4kHz or teleprotection mode.
This document is aimed at anyone who has to set PLC equipment on line, that is to say:
System integrators
Field engineer
2. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
2.1 General Configuration
For better performance, a single 16kHz Tx filter shall be preferred. The filters must be
configured like for the superimposed mode:
In the adjacent mode configuration, the crosstalk between TX & RX board is a critical point.
That’s why a metallic plate has been inserted between boards to shield properly the various
electrical fields, especially the high level of emission of TX filter.
In case of unproper isolation, the reception filter will receive the whole field and you will not
be able to synchronize your systems even in the best line conditions.
2.2 Tx filter
The Tx filter will be tuned to include both reception and transmission bands.
The use of two different 8kHz transmission filers is prohibited because of the tapping loss,
which will exceed reasonable limits near the band center.
So it will be 16kHz wide like for the following scheme:
3. HMI CONFIGURATION
3.1 MASTER/SLAVE configuration
The first step is the choice of the Master/Slave
The focus of attention must be the robustness of the maintenance channel. In order to
ensure the best availability, the fsk must be set at the edges of the band.
Therefore,
The MASTER will transmit in the upper part of the allocated band(from 192 to 200kHz)
The SLAVE will transmit in the lower part of the allocated band (from 184 to 192kHz)
At the edges, the recommendation is to leave 8kHz interband for other digital PLC.
The way to connect PLCs in parallel and to reduce such interband are not discussed in this
document.
For an analog PLC, no interband is requested. The main reason is that the nominal level of
analog signal within the band is lower than digital PLC. QAM signals could be considered as
a blank noise at maximum power. Analog signals are few tones distributed within the band.
3.2 Internal Noise Measurement
Due to the proximity of QAM, and especially the lack of separate TX filters, the rejection of
signal is only entrusted to the Hybrid transformer (and related tuning).
For that reason, the internal SNR measure may be altered and seen lower than it should be.
T390/EN AP Application Note
Adjacent Bands for 8+8kHz
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Application Note T390/EN AP
e-terragridcom T390 Page 109/216
CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 113
1.1 Scope 113
1.2 References 113
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. FOREWORD
1.1 Scope
This document handles about the adjacent band configuration. This configuration is helpful
when you have a single band available for TX/RX, and a separated band mode is preferred
to superimposed mode respect to SNR or recovery time best achievement.
The following paragraphs are pieces of advice to achieve the best performance for the
8+8kHz configuration (4kHz of DATA and 4kHz of analog band).
This document does not apply for other adjacent modes such as 4+4kHz.
This document is aimed at anyone who has to set T390 equipment on line, that is to say:
System integrators
Field engineer
2. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
2.1 TX filter
The TX filter will be tuned to include both reception and transmission bands.
The use of two different 8kHz transmission filers is prohibited because of the tapping loss,
which will exceed reasonable limits near the band center.
So it will be 16kHz wide like for the following scheme:
3. HMI CONFIGURATION
3.1 MASTER/SLAVE configuration
The first step is the choice of the Master/Slave
The focus of attention must be the robustness of the maintenance channel. In order to
ensure the best availability, you must set the QAM far from each other to reduce the cross
talk in the data band.
Therefore,
The MASTER will transmit in the lower part of the allocated band(from 184 to 192kHz)
The SLAVE will transmit in the upper part of the allocated band (from 192 to 200kHz)
At the edges, the recommendation is to leave 8kHz interband for other digital PLC.
The way to connect PLCs in parallel and to reduce such interband is not discussed in this
document.
3.2 Noise Measurement
Due to the proximity of QAM, and especially the lack of separate TX filters, the rejection of
signal is only entrusted to the Hybrid transformer (and related tuning).
For that reason, the internal SNR measure may be altered and seen lower than it should be.
This effect is not critical for the operation of PLC but could have an impact for fallback
thresholds if SNR is used as a trigger for fallback condition.
T390/EN AP Application Note
Adjacent Bands for 8+8kHz (QAM+TPX)
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Application Note T390/EN AP
e-terragridcom T390 Page 117/216
CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 121
1.1 Scope 121
1.2 Links 121
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. FOREWORD
1.1 Scope
This document handles about the Superimposed Mode. This configuration is helpful when
you have a single band available for TX/RX.
The following paragraphs are pieces of advice to make the decision between the separated
mode and the superimposed mode.
This document gives some precautions about the use of superimposed mode
It also presents some installation rules in order to get the best performance on line.
This document is aimed at anyone who has to set T390 equipment on line, that is to say:
The encoder
A simple formula to calculate the available bitrate in function of these criteria is
B 0.8 BW K
With Bw the QAM bandwidth in Hz
K function of the encoder: 2 for QAM4
4 for QAM16 and TCM32
6 for QAM64 and TCM128
8 for QAM256
10 for QAM1024
For instance, for 16 kHz of QAM64, the gross bit rate is B=0.8x16000x6=76800 bit/s
Thus, for the same encoder, see next figure, the superimposed mode saves half the band to
reach the same bit rate
The reception gets the whole signal. The transmission signal is more likely to be
higher than the reception signal, which means that the AGC reference will be the Tx.
The reception signal dynamic will be lower than in separated mode.
The synchronisation is sequential for the superimposed mode. The system trains first
one side and after the other side. Furthermore, an training of the echo canceller is
necessary.
In separated mode, the training is contemporary for both sides.
For these reasons the synchronisation time is far quicker in separated mode (60s
against 100s)
The resynchronisation time is also different in both cases. The quick resynchronisation
is really fast in separated mode(less than 1s). In superimposed mode, a readaption of
the echo canceller is necessary, which implies a longer delay for resynchronisation
(near 8s)
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Manual for Superimposed Mode
e-terragridcom T390 Page 123/216
The performance depends directly on the capacity for the Echo canceller to cancel the
own transmission. Obviously, the Line attenuation influence will be really critical:
For a 40dB cancellation, the disturbing due to the own transmission will imply a SNR
of
20dB for a line Attenuation of 20dB
30dB for a line Attenuation of 10dB
The good adaptation to the line is also a really important factor for the echo cancellation.
Some simple rules can be deduced from all these considerations:
1. If there is no band occupation issue, the separated mode must be preferred
2. In good conditions, the performances (SNR Vs BER) are equals in separated mode
and in superimposed mode but the bandwidth is halved
3. In case of disturbing (line changes, spikes), the resynchronisation is faster in
separated mode
4. In bad conditions, like an high line attenuation or a bad adaptation, the superimposed
mode is not indicated.
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Manual for Superimposed Mode
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3. PRECAUTIONS
Two major precautions must be taken before deciding to set a PLC on line in superimposed
mode:
3.1 Line adaptation
The use of the system implies a tuning of the Hybrid transformer. The tuning consists in
adapting the transmission to the line conditions (impedance, capacity). In case of poor line,
especially for the short line, the impedance is too tough and too varying to reach a good
tuning. The rejection of the transmission into the reception is very high and the system is not
able of synchronising.
In a simple way,
4. ADDITIONAL FEATURES
Most of the cases, the performance in separated mode and in superimposed mode are
similar but two features are affected
4.1 Fallback
The fallback mode is an optional feature that allows a encoder switching in case of episodic
bad line. The performance criterion is the switching time.
In superimposed mode as in separate mode, the switching time is less than 15s.
4.2 Teleprotection
In teleprotection mode, during a command emission, the QAM is turned off in order to get the
maximum power for the command transmission signal.
The recovery time is quite short in separated mode as in separate mode, about a few
seconds
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Manual for Superimposed Mode
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For the other power choice, an interpolation of this table values gives a good estimation of
the attenuator best value
5.2 Rejection Capacity
As said above, the rejection attenuation is a really critical factor to get the best performance.
To reach this scope, it is really important to tune the Hybrid transformer to the line
conditions.
The recommendations are
1. Measure the rejection at the center of the QAM band
2. Adapt the line capacity by moving the capacitors jumpers (see T390/EN AM for
details)
3. Adapt the varistor to get the best rejection
The difference between the transmitted signal level measured at the output of the system
(balanced output or unbalanced output) should be minimum of 20dB
If the rejection is lower than 20dB, it could jeopardise the system synchronisation.
NETWORKING ADVANCED
FEATURES
(LAN2LAN, SNMP)
Application Note T390/EN AP
LAN2LAN, SNMP
e-terragridcom T390 Page 129/216
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 131
1.1 Scope 131
1.2 References 131
5. TROUBLESHOOTING 143
5.1 Problem while configuring the options 143
5.2 PLC locks or crashes when LAN2LAN is enabled 143
T390/EN AP Application Note
LAN2LAN, SNMP
Page 130/216 e-terragridcom T390
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
This document handles about the LAN2LAN configuration. The LAN2LAN option of the PLC
provides a full network access through the power line.
1.2 References
For more information, see related documents:
2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
2.1 Hardware configuration
WARNING:
If the LAN2LAN option is activated, DO NOT CONNECT the PLC
equipment directly neither to a Local Ethernet nor to the internet.
A router properly configured should be used in order to filter
excessive traffic.
2.1.1 Using cross cables
Computer
Computer
D0563ENa
Computer
Computer
Computer
ETHERNET LAN
Printer
Computer
ETHERNET LAN
Router
Router
Internet
Router
Firewall Digital PLC Digital PLC
D0564ENa
3. LAN2LAN ACTIVATION
3.1 Overview
The Lan2Lan option can be used to:
A permanent network channel can be added in the band in order to be able to use the
LAN2LAN option at any time during system run.
This channel follows the same rules than Basic access channel. It can be enabled, locked if
bad line and set available or not during fallback.
For fallback mode, an additional feature allows to assign a different speed for the LAN
channel.
Application Note T390/EN AP
LAN2LAN, SNMP
e-terragridcom T390 Page 135/216
4. SNMP ACTIVATION
4.1 Overview
The SNMP option can be used to supervise or monitor the PLC equipment, locally (in
analogue or digital mode functioning) or remotely through the LAN2LAN feature (digital
mode only)
The SNMP feature implements the polling mode through standard GET commands and also
the TRAP.
Up to 10 IP address could be configured to dispatch the Trap messages.
4.2 PLC Configuration
For polling mode, the activation of SNMP feature is enough (Tick the SNMP checkbox).
If the Trap should be generated, specify each server address in the SNMP configuration
TAB.
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LAN2LAN, SNMP
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D0672ENa
T390/EN AP Application Note
LAN2LAN, SNMP
Page 140/216 e-terragridcom T390
5. TROUBLESHOOTING
5.1 Problem while configuring the options
The above feature are key locked and should be unlocked prior usage.
Check first if the key are present in your system:
goto to Help/About
Click on “installed keys” button and check SNMP & LAN2LAN presence
SPEECH INTERFACE
Application Note T390/EN AP
Speech Interface
e-terragridcom T390 Page 147/216
CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 149
1.1 Scope 149
1.2 Caution 149
1.3 References 150
1.4 Analog vs digital mode 150
MODIFICATIONS
1. FOREWORD
1.1 Scope
This document handles about the speech interface.
It gives an exhaustive description of how to link the Speech connectors to the various device.
It does not describe the IHM configuration of the equipment.
This document is mainly at anyone who has to set PLC equipment on line, that is to say:
System integrators
Field engineer
DIGITAL MODE
As the signal is compressed and digitally transmitted, it is impossible to
transmit a single tone through the speech interface in the digital Mode.
A test of the speech interface can only be performed emitting a complex signal
like the voice and checking that this signal can be received on the remote side
of the link
For the same reason it is impossible to connect a modem to a speech interface
functioning in digital mode
ANALOGUE MODE
No restriction in this configuration, the speech channels operate as
transparent BF/BF channels
Explanations for digital mode
This interface uses a hybrid vocoder that analyse the stream and compress it. The algorithm
is based on voice recognition, and is suited only for that purpose.
Alternate Test methods for digital mode
You could use empiric method such as plugging normal telephone handset and check the
channel and the quality through your ear.
If you need an objective method, use standard MOS measurement equipments/instruments
that are able to measure the gain, quality, distortion, etc of that kind of channel.
T390/EN AP Application Note
Speech Interface
Page 150/216 e-terragridcom T390
1.3 References
For more information, see related documents:
4. APPLICATIONS
4.1 Standard 2W phone
In the Hot line mode, the standard phone to phone speech only use the a,b wires
The wiring between the PLC and the device for speech 2 and speech3 will be on pin 4/5
FIGURE 4-4: WIRING SCHEME FOR SPEECH 1/2/3 IN PBX TRANSIT CASE
Application Note T390/EN AP
Speech Interface
e-terragridcom T390 Page 155/216
1 w
2 x
3 m
4 e
5 a
6 b
7 c
PBX
8 d
T390 PBX
POINT TO MULTIPOINT
(PTM) CONFIGURATION
Application Note T390/EN AP
Point to Multipoint (PTM) Configuration
e-terragridcom T390 Page 159/216
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 163
2. OVERVIEW OF POINT TO MULTIPOINT (PTM) 164
2.1 Operating mode 165
2.1.1 Analog mode 165
2.1.2 Digital Mode 165
2.1.3 Mixed Mode 165
2.2 Star Topology 166
4. PERFORMANCE 172
LIST OF FIGURES
BLANK PAGE
Application Note T390/EN AP
Point to Multipoint (PTM) Configuration
e-terragridcom T390 Page 161/216
Version History
BLANK PAGE
Application Note T390/EN AP
Point to Multipoint (PTM) Configuration
e-terragridcom T390 Page 163/216
1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes the Point to Multipoint (PTM) service of the PLC T390 system, and
sets out the necessary steps for its configuration.
The overview introduces the basic concepts of Point to Multipoint and outlines the available
features. The section layout thereafter reflects the configuration options from which the user
can choose: specifically an all analog, all digital, or mixed mode configuration. Finally, there
is a discussion of the possible topology choices that are inherent in configuration of PTM.
NOTE: Use of the terms analog, digital, and mixed mode in this document
refers exclusively to their meaning in the context of PTM.
T390/EN AP Application Note
Point to Multipoint (PTM) Configuration
Page 164/216 e-terragridcom T390
SCADA
PLC1 PLC2 PLC3 PLC4
IP1 IP2 IP3 IP4
RTU1 RTU3
D0625ENa
Slave Master
SCADA
PLC1 PLC2 PLC3 PLC4
IP1 IP2 IP3 IP4
RTU1 RTU3
D0627ENa
In the Point to Multipoint system shown in Figure 2, the SCADA system can reach both
attached devices, i.e. RTU1 and RTU3. There are several points to note about PTM:
At any point where two PLC links are connected, as in Substation 2 (SS2) in Figure 2,
the two T390 systems are connected back-to-back, using a “straight-through” RS-232
cable of maximum length 15m.
For an RTU to be accessible to the SCADA system, the T390 system to which it is
attached must be designated a Multi.
Other T390 systems that simply form links in the chain, and operate only as “pass-
through” devices, must be designated Single.
Several T390 systems in the single “chain” from SCADA to target RTU may be
designated Master.
2.1 Operating mode
The choice of operating mode for PTM depends on which transmission modes are supported
by the T390 system, as well as on the operational needs of the PLC link.
2.1.1 Analog mode
Analog Point to Multipoint support is included in the standard system, and the latest PTM
versions show a marked improvement in transfer speeds, compared with earlier releases.
The standard T390 system is supplied with KEY-ANALOG-4KHZ installed, which enables
4kHz or 8kHz bandwidth analog communication. Support for 2.5kHz analog bandwidth is
enabled by the purchase and installation of KEY-ANALOG-2.5KHZ.
2.1.2 Digital Mode
Digital Point to Multipoint support becomes available on a digital-enabled T390 system after
purchase and installation of KEY-PTM. Digital operating mode for a T390 system is enabled
by the purchase and installation of KEY-DIGITAL.
2.1.3 Mixed Mode
Mixed mode PTM, allowing mixed Analog and Digital mode links, is illustrated in Figure 3:
SCADA
D0628ENa
SCADA
RTU RTU
D0626ENa
3. SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION
This section describes the configuration procedure for PTM, in analog and digital modes.
Check the firmware before starting the configuration to make sure that the installed firmware
is version 4.1 or higher. If necessary, carry out a firmware upgrade, as described in the
Firmware and Key Upgrade chapter of the Application Note, T390/EN AP.
3.1 Analog Mode
None: Only Point to Point (PTP) communication on this channel (local devices only)
Multi: Point to Multipoint (PTM) communication, includes local and remote RTUs.
Single: PTM communication with remote RTUs only. This is a “pass-through” mode.
Note that PTM channels are assigned as adjacent pairs, with the following implications:
The Splitting mode pull-down box only appears on the Channel Activation panels for
MTU1 and MTU3
If Splitting mode|Single is selected for MTU1 or MTU3, then either MTU2 or MTU4,
respectively, is grayed out (i.e. is unavailable).
With Splitting mode|Multi selected for MTU1 or MTU3, the relevant RTU will be
connected to MTU2 or MTU4, respectively.
Channel speed panel
Select channel speed from the pull-down list. The options (bit/s) are 200, 300, 600 and 1200.
Show/Hide Analog Band
Click SHOW ANALOG BAND to display the current analog bandwidth settings in the panel
at the foot of the Configuration Window.
In Figure 7, PTM mode Multi is selected in the MTU1 pane, and therefore MTU2 has
automatically been enabled. The band selected for MTU1 is displayed in the SHOW
ANALOG BAND panel. If the same band, or a narrower band, is selected for MTU2, the
band display in the MTU2 pane is the same as for MTU1, as can be seen in Figure 8.
If the band selected for MTU2 is wider than that for the Multi, MTU1 in the example, then this
is visible in the Analog band display on the MTU2 pane, as illustrated in Figure 9:
None: Only Point to Point (PTP) communication on this channel (local devices only)
Single: PTM communication with remote RTUs only. This is a “pass-through” mode.
Note that PTM channels are assigned as adjacent pairs, with the following implications:
The Splitting mode pull-down box only appears on the Channel Activation panels for
Data1 and Data3.
If Splitting mode|Single is selected for Data1 or Data3, then either Data2 or Data4,
respectively, is grayed out (i.e. is unavailable).
With Splitting mode|Multi selected for Data1 or Data3, the relevant RTU will be
connected to Data2 or Data4, respectively.
Channel speed panel
Select the channel speed (default 2400 bits/s) from the pull-down list. Note that the same
speed must be set at both ends of the connection. The available speeds, in bits/s, are 200,
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 28800, 38400.
T390/EN AP Application Note
Point to Multipoint (PTM) Configuration
Page 172/216 e-terragridcom T390
4. PERFORMANCE
The following table lists the minimum round-trip transfer time for each speed available in
Analog and Digital modes.
Analog Digital
200 b/s 53 39
300 b/s 37 30
600 b/s 24 28
1200 b/s 23 28
2400 b/s 24
4800 b/s 19
9600 b/s 19
14400 b/s 19
19200 b/s 17
28800 b/s 16
38400 b/s 16
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DIP CONNECTION
TO T390
Application Note T390/EN AP
DIP Connection to PLC
e-terragridcom T390 Page 175/216
CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD 177
2. INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO THE CABINET INSTALLATION 178
3. INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO WIRING 179
4. INSTRUCTIONS RELATIVE TO FIRMWARE CONFIGURATION 180
4.1 Safety presence and alarms 180
4.1.1 PLC side 180
4.1.1.1 Overview 180
4.1.2 DIP side 183
4.1.2.1 External Alarm 183
4.1.2.2 Alive 183
4.2 Configuration of teleprotection Levels 184
4.2.1 PLC side 184
4.2.2 DIP side 185
4.2.2.1 Mode Choice 185
4.2.2.2 Dual Tone Mode 185
4.2.2.3 Reception 186
4.2.2.4 Single tone Mode 187
4.2.2.5 Enhanced Mode 188
4.2.2.6 Normal Mode 189
4.2.2.7 Reception 190
5. ANNEXES 191
5.1 Physical units 191
5.1.1 Definition 191
5.1.2 Conversion formulas 191
5.1.2.1 Voltage 191
5.1.2.2 Power 191
5.1.2.3 Power-Voltage conversion 191
5.2 Standard TPHF levels table configuration 192
5.3 How to compute the max power output of DIP 193
5.3.1 Single tone case 193
5.3.2 Dual tone case 193
5.4 Why using the « boost » option and how 193
T390/EN AP Application Note
DIP Connection to PLC
Page 176/216 e-terragridcom T390
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. FOREWORD
The T390 is a full range of products designed to cover the power utilities needs. The
complete project is suitable for conventional analog transmission & services as well as new
digital services as noted in the Cigré PLC report:
“Digital Power Line Carrier/WG 35.09/ August 2000”.
This document aims at giving some rules and guidelines to install properly a DIP
teleprotection equipment to a T390 system with a substation.
The DIP equipment shall be configured obviously in analog mode to be connected properly
to the PLC equipment.
The document covers the hardware wiring scheme and the firmware general configuration.
For special application types, see the suited application note.
For more information, see related documents:
TPX Error: This alarm is triggered when the PLC is not operational.
AGC High level Rx: The alarm is triggered when the AGC level get over the High
Threshold
AGC Low level Rx: The alarm is triggered when the AGC level goes over the low
Threshold
In this case, the AGC threshold must be tuned properly, once the PLC is synchronised.
The recommendation is NOMINAL LEVEL +15dB for High Threshold
NOMINAL LEVEL –15dB for low level
Optionally, we may add the following PLC alarms:
Line Fault: This alarm is triggered when the remote FSK is lost.
Use the dedicated alarm output to check the alarm state.
The firmware settings are depicted here after.
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DIP Connection to PLC
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T390/EN AP Application Note
DIP Connection to PLC
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4.1.2.2 Alive
The Alive signal from the DIP is a flag that automatically is switched ON as soon as the DIP
device is alive, even if the link is not operating correctly.
T390/EN AP Application Note
DIP Connection to PLC
Page 184/216 e-terragridcom T390
The safety presence must absolutely be activated so that the PLC can react in case
of DIP Hardware failure
Guard level: The guard level is –6dBm on the PLC input/output (TP interface on
P4). Tune the guard level to match this value. The Guard BAR displays the RF
level of the guard.
Command level: The command level must make use of the maximum power of the
PLC. For this reason, the combination of the Max TP output level with the boost
mode must get the PEP on the RF command level Bar in output. In this case
2dB is the maximum authorized for 40w configuration.
The following Output Gain must be set to get the same level at the input and output,
the example shows one frequency at -9dBm in AF (Audio Frequency=low frequency
level) is corresponding to 23dBm at the RF (Radio frequency=High frequency
level)to get it at -9dBm set the “Output Gain” on +12.
Application Note T390/EN AP
DIP Connection to PLC
e-terragridcom T390 Page 185/216
FIGURE 5: ADJUSTMENTS
“Internal Guard”, possibility to use TP in mute mode, in that case the teleprotection
must base its guard on the frequency of signalling of the speech configured on band 1.
The “Max TP Output Level” and “RF Level” sliders are only for simulation levels.
4.2.2.3 Reception
The “Automatic Adjust” must be performed to match with “Output Gain” 12 Db.
In this example -6,39dBm is corresponding to 0dBr reception level and PLC will be
transparent.
4.2.2.7 Reception
The reception bandwidth must be set equal to the transmission bandwidth.
The guard signal is equal to the output of the PLC, either –22dBm.
The command Vs guard ratio must be tuned to the maximum: 6dB
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DIP Connection to PLC
e-terragridcom T390 Page 191/216
5. ANNEXES
5.1 Physical units
5.1.1 Definition
dBm: a term expressing an electrical power level, referenced to 1 mill watt
(i.e., 0 dBm = 1 mW).
dBu: a means of expressing voltage referenced so that 0 dBu equals 0.775 volts,
regardless of impedance. One mW of power is dissipated if 0.775 volts is applied to
a 600-ohm load, so when the load impedance is 600 ohms, 0 dBu = 0 dBm
dBV: a means of expressing voltage, referenced so that 0 dBV equals 1-volt RMS,
regardless of impedance.
5.1.2 Conversion formulas
5.1.2.1 Voltage
U
U (dBv) 20 log10 ( )
U0
With:
U0=1V
U in volt
5.1.2.2 Power
P
P(dBm) 10 log10 ( )
P0
With:
P0=0.001W
P in watt
5.1.2.3 Power-Voltage conversion
U²
P
Zc
With:
U: voltage in volt
P: power in Watt
So,
P ( dBm)
U²
P(dBm) 10 log10 ( )
U PO Z C 10 20
PoZc
T390/EN AP Application Note
DIP Connection to PLC
Page 192/216 e-terragridcom T390
F1 TO F7 COMMAND
POWER SETTLED FSK PEP-22dBm GUARD 12dB BOOST 12dB BOOST
not INCLUDED not INCLUDED
F1 TO F7 COMMAND
POWER SETTLED FSK PEP-22dBm GUARD 12Db BOOST 12Db BOOST
INCLUDED INCLUDED
5W/37dBm/19,37V 15dBm/1,54V 17dBm/1,94V 26dBm/5,46V 29dBm/7,72V
With U1, U2 ,U3 ,U4 magnitude of the tone calculated using 5.1.2.3 formula.
Therefore, The maximum power output will be this maximum voltage converted in dBm by
the 5.1.2.3 formula with impedance of 600
5.3.2 Dual tone case
Each command corresponds to 2 tones.
The max power output corresponds to the maximum power sent when 2 frequencies are
transmitted.
Exemple : Max Voltage = F1+F3 = command 1
5.5 In case of line distorsion, how can I equalize the Tones / What is the effect of PLC
equalizer ?
The tone level tuning does not rely on the PLC capacity to equalize the TP channel.
The spirit is that the PLC shall provide a channel as transparent as possible. In that way, the
teleprotection path bypasses the equalizer filter.
The commissioner engineer should compensate the initial line distortion by applying a
different transmission level for each tone.
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HF POWER MEASUREMENT
METHOD
Application Note T390/EN AP
HF Power Measurement Method
e-terragridcom T390 Page 197/216
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 199
2. THEORETICAL CONFIGURATION 200
2.1 Band sharing 200
2.1.1 Maintenance channel 200
2.1.2 Signal channel 200
2.1.3 Synchronisation phase 201
2.2 Setting up 202
2.2.1 Application 203
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes the methods to be applied in order to perfectly control the power
output to the line by the T390.
It is intended for all personnel who may have to install PLCs:
System integrators
Field engineers
2. THEORETICAL CONFIGURATION
2.1 Band sharing
The R.F. frequency band sharing for the T390 is as follows:
10
-10
-20 0.4BW
-30
-40
-50
Fc
-60
-70
-80
-90
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HF Power Measurement Method
e-terragridcom T390 Page 201/216
2.2 Setting up
The power can be set up in the Configuration window of the Amplifier rack.
(Cf T390/EN AM)
The power to be considered is the PEP power. With regard to QAM, as a result of the
encoder's statistics, the ratio between the PEP power and the mean QAM power is
equal to 6dB.
The FSK power is set by default 22dB below the PEP power.
Furthermore, an estimation of the QAM power is provided in the Advanced tab.
Power calculations are always performed more easily when using the dBm unit system.
Reminder: P(dBm)= 10xlog (P(W)x1000)
E.g.: 10W=40dBm
As a first approach, it can be assumed that the QAM power is shared over the whole
bandwidth.
As a result, to calculate roughly the power per kHz, simply apply the following formula:
Pk = Pmean – X
Where Pk, power over 1kHz
Pmean, mean power of the QAM over the whole bandwidth
X depends on the bandwidth: 9dB for 8kHz
12dB for 16kHz
Application Note T390/EN AP
HF Power Measurement Method
e-terragridcom T390 Page 203/216
2.2.1 Application
Where strict power limitation rules must be observed, it may be useful to use the following
rules to ensure that the configuration is adequate.
1. The output power should be limited to 0.25W/kHz over the whole bandwidth
2. The power of one signal should be less than 0.1W
With regard to FSK, if a signal is limited to 0.1W=20dBm it can be assumed that the PEP's
maximum value is 20+22=42dBm (i.e. 17W approx.) in order to comply with rule #2
For the first rule, it can be assumed that:
3. ON-LINE MEASUREMENTS
On-line measurements should be done without disturbing the systems operation.
Systems should be synchronised before the QAM signal is transmitted.
It is thus impossible to measure the powers output on the line if the systems are not
connected to one another.
Therefore, we recommend that the measuring device be connected in parallel to the line
(e.g. using a Tee).
Furthermore, it is strongly recommended to use a high-impedance attenuator, considering
the high power levels.
The figure below shows how to avoid disturbing the impedance whilst creating a 40dB
attenuation.
The use of a selective voltmeter to measure the voltages is based on the following two
assumptions:
The line impedance is close to the required nominal impedance (e.g. 75Ohms)
CONTENTS
1. PRESENTATION 209
2. FIRST STEP: SYSTEM NOT READY 210
2.1 Startup Sequence Digital Mode 210
2.2 Synchronization state 210
2.3 Startup Sequence Analog Mode 211
2.4 Synchronization state 211
MODIFICATIONS PAGE
1. PRESENTATION
This document is a guide to retrieve data and information in case of technical problem with
the T390 equipment.
These data will be valuable for the assistance engineer to focus and repair the problem. It
must join an exhaustive description of the issue
This document is aimed to any final user
We can distinguish two types
Ready to work but the system does not synchronise or the connection performance
are irregular
In case the first step must be performed.
If the performance is unsatisfactory, a focus must be made on the second point
T390/EN AP Application Note
Data Retrieving for Assistance
Page 210/216 e-terragridcom T390
LED State
System OK Fix Green
TX power / (1/4 or 1/2 or Full) Fix Green
Power Supply / Logic Fix Green
Power Supply / Power Fix green
All others Off
On PRCS unit
LED State
System OK Fix Green
Mode / Normal Fix Green
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Data Retrieving for Assistance
e-terragridcom T390 Page 211/216
LED State
System OK Fix Green
TX power / (1/4 or 1/2 or Full) Fix Green
Power Supply / Logic Fix Green
Power Supply / Power Fix green
All others Off
On PRCS unit
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Data Retrieving for Assistance
Page 212/216 e-terragridcom T390
LED State
System OK Fix Green
Mode / Serv Local Fix Green
Power Supply / Main Fix Green
All others Off
LED status
If your equipment is not in the configuration we described above, fill the document :
Amplifier Unit
Processing Unit
Maint-Call
Serv 1
Serv 2
Serv 3
In case of TPx error, check if there is a TPx connected and if there is a TPx
configuration in the HMI.
If internal error led is red, and if local or normal led after a couple of minutes is
blinking, check the carrier center TX and RX frequencies with HMI, check if both PLC
got the same configuration, and in any case, apply again the same configuration to
the two PLC.
If there is no improvement, reboot the system, and apply the same configuration to the
two PLC.
Logs of Events
1. If possible, connect to the system through the IHM and check the status in the
Measurment window/System Diagnosis
Save it in a file called
“T390-Name_of_the_Link-D-SytemDiagnosis”
Name_of_the_link is an indication of the system (for instance, the station location)
D is M if the system is Master, S if the system is slave
2. Go the History Logging window int the PLC menu
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Data Retrieving for Assistance
Page 214/216 e-terragridcom T390
Alstom Grid
www.alstom.com
Product /Project name – Type of document
Alstom Grid
www.alstom.com