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Solution-Manual-for-Fluid-Mechanics-8th-Edition-White - CHAPTER 2
Solution-Manual-for-Fluid-Mechanics-8th-Edition-White - CHAPTER 2
P2.2 For the stress field of Fig. P2.1, change the known data to σxx = 2000 psf, σyy = 3000
psf, and σn(AA) = 2500 psf. Compute σxy and the shear stress on plane AA.
Solution: Sum forces normal to and tangential to AA in the element freebody above,
with σn(AA) known and σxy unknown:
2-2 Solutions Manual • Fluid Mechanics, Eighth Edition
In like manner, solve for the shear stress on plane AA, using our result for σxy:
This problem and Prob. P2.1 can also be solved using Mohr’s circle.
P2.3 A vertical clean glass piezometer tube has an inside diameter of 1 mm. When a
pressure is applied, water at 20°C rises into the tube to a height of 25 cm. After correcting
for surface tension, estimate the applied pressure in Pa.
Solution: For water, let Y = 0.073 N/m, contact angle θ = 0°, and γ = 9790 N/m3. The
capillary rise in the tube, from Example 1.9 of the text, is
Then the rise due to applied pressure is less by that amount: hpress = 0.25 m − 0.03 m = 0.22 m.
The applied pressure is estimated to be p = γhpress = (9790 N/m3)(0.22 m) ≈ 2160 Pa Ans.
θ? Bourdon
P2.4 Pressure gages, such as the Bourdon gage W gage
Solution: The deadweight, divided by the piston area, should equal the pressure applied
to the Bourdon gage. Stay in SI units for the moment:
Chapter 2 • Pressure Distribution in a Fluid 2-3
At 10 degrees for every 2 psig, the pointer should move approximately 100 degrees. Ans.
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P2.5 Quito, Ecuador has an average altitude of 9,350 ft. On a standard day, pressure
gage A in a laboratory experiment reads 63 kPa and gage B reads 105 kPa. Express these
readings in gage pressure or vacuum pressure, whichever is appropriate.
P2.6 Express standard atmospheric pressure as a head, h = p/ρ g, in (a) feet of glycerin;
(b) inches of mercury; (c) meters of water; and (d) mm of ethanol.
Solution: Take the specific weights, γ = ρ g, from Table A.3, divide patm by γ :
(b) Mercury: h = (2116 lbf/ft2)/(846 lbf/ft3) = 2.50 ft ≈ 30.0 inches Ans. (b)
Solution: Convert 12,000 ft to 3658 meters, and Table A.6, or Eq. (2.20), give