Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region 4-A CALABARZON
Division of Cavite
BUCAL NATIONAL INTEGRATED SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Bucal 2, Mara gondon, Cavite

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of Grade 12 students at

Bucal National High School

A Research Study Presented

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

In Practical Research 2

Mark Rowell T. Bacuel

Reign Maxinne I. Ballesteros

Giane Cren H. Tanagras

Grade 12- Malimban

Bucal National High School- SHS

Bucal 2, Maragondon, Cavite

October 2019

Annielyn C. Panganiban, Ed.D

Practical Research 2 Adviser

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 2

Chapter I
Background of the Study

Introduction

Many students believe that financial problems are having an adverse effect on

their academic performance and engagement in classroom. Students from low income

households are more likely to struggle with engagement. Poverty is an uncomfortable

word. We know that the poor and the middle- class have many overlapping values,

including valuing education and the importance of hard work (Gorski, 2009). But if poor

people were exactly the same cognitively, socially, emotionally and behaviorally as those

from the middle class, then the exact same teaching provided to both middle-class

students and students from poverty would bring the exact same results. A study by two

prominent neuroscientists suggested that intelligence is linked to health (Gray and

Thompson, 2011). When students experience poor nutrition and diminished health

practices, it’s harder for them to listen, concentrate and learn. Hope is a powerful thing.

Research suggests that lower socio- economic status is often associated with viewing

the future as containing more negative events than positive ones (Robb, Simon and

Wardle, 2009). Children from low socio- economic backgrounds often perform below

those from higher socio- economic backgrounds on tests of intelligence and academic

achievement (Bradley and Corwyn, 2010). Commonly, low- SES children show cognitive

problems, including short attention spans, high levels of distractibility, difficulty

monitoring the quality of their work and difficulty generating new solutions to problems

(Alloway, Gathercole et.al, 2009). These issues can make school harder for children

from impoverished backgrounds.

 Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 3

Theoretical Framework

Mc Cormick theory; “Money on the Mind” Finances affecting student’s

academic experience, with ability to get a job. In addition student’s financial self-

efficacy has significant and effect of credit loan behavior of a student, finance

playing a big role in student’s behavior.

In this theory, it is said that connection of students and finance inferred

with their attitude. Students chose not to purchase required materials. Beaches of

the cost which may affect their behavior on school. On the other hand student use

borrowing as a better strategy than working full time because of the cost.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the research study shows how the financial

stability affects the student engagement of Grade 12 students.

Input Process Output

Re
 To know
 Relations  Survey
how
hip of Question
financial
Financial naires
stability
stability to  Question
the affects
naires
student
engagem  Gatherin
ent g of Data engagem
ent
Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 4

The researchers will collect the Profile data of the students such as Age, Grade,

Gender and daily allowance also the name (optional) to gather information by using

survey paper and questionnaire as a process or method. Output will be the way or

the act the school should be done to help the students of Bucal national high school

conserve and be more practical in terms of financial matters.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to sought and analyze the following questions:

1. What is the financial stability of the students?

2. What is the level of engagement of the student?

3. What is the relationship of financial stability to the engagement?

Hypothesis

H1: There is significant relationship between financial stability and student

engagement

H0: There is no significant relationship between financial stability and student

engagement

Scope and Delimitation

This study discuss about financial stability of a student covering the factors

affecting this issue. This research paper focuses on result and effects of financial

stability on student’s behavior on school which has big impact to the performance

and relationship in other students.

This study is very much related to the student’s status and level of

understanding with their life’s level. The impact of finance on student’s behavior

will reflect on their way of socialization.

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 5

Significance of the Study

The importance of this study is to know how the financial stability of the G12

students affect their engagement in classroom. This study is significant to:

Teacher - They will able to help their students to solve their problem if they encounter this

kind of issue.

Students - They will have an idea how to solve this kind of problem

Future Researcher - They will have an idea about the topic and they will have source of

information if they need to.

Definition of Terms

Adverse- acting against or in a contrary direction

Antidotes- something that relieves, prevents or counteracts

Attributing- a quality, character or characteristics ascribed to something or someone

Cognitive- of, relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as

thinking, reasoning, or remembering)

Diminished- made one half step less than perfect or minor

Distress- seizure and detention of the goods of another as pledge

Engaged- involved in any activity

Extensives- having wide or considerable extent

Financial Stability- is a property of a financial system that dissipates financial

imbalances that arise endogenously in the financial markets or as a result of significant

adverse and unforeseeable events.

Impoverished- reduced to poverty

Neuroscientist- a branch of the life sciences that deals with the anatomy, physiology,

biochemistry, or molecular biology of nerves and nervous tissue and especially with their

relation to behavior and learning

Prominent- widely and popularly known

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 6

Socialization- the process beginning during childhood by which individuals acquire the

values, habits and attitudes of a society.

Sought- to go in search of; to try to discover

Student Engagement- refers to the degree of attention, curiosity, interest, optimism,

and passion that students show when they are learning or being taught, which extends

to the level of motivation they have to learn and progress in their education.
Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 7

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Studies

The financial status or the social economic status is most commonly

determine by combining parent’s educational level, occupational status and the

income level. In most of the studies done on engagement of students, it is not

surprising that financial status is one of the major factor studied while predicting

student engagement. It is believe that low financial status negatively affects

engagement of student inside the classroom because lesser financial status

prevents access to vital resources and creates additional stress at home (Evans,

2009). It is suggested that financial stress is common among undergraduates,

little research has investigated how it affects students. The result of two studies

suggest that students under financial stress are more likely to suffer from

depression, anxiety or suicidal thoughts. While others have associated financial

difficulties among students to their self- esteem related to their physical

appearance. Financial stress may also lower academic performance (MacKenzie

Masten, 2017) . Student wellness is an important topic on high school nationwide

as higher education and student life administrators are becoming increasingly

concerned with stress among students. Given that stress has been shown to

negatively impact student persistence increased scrutiny of graduation rates from

federal and state governments should motivate administrators to understand the

causes of stress among students. More specifically, stress resulting from personal

financial difficulties is worth exploring in more detail given the challenge students.

Student engagement has become one of the desired outcomes of school

in recent years because of its strong connection to student well-being. Students

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 8

engaged in learning were found to be more successful academically, as well as

less likely to drop out of school. They were found to be intrinsically motivated to

invest in learning, attend classes, and participate in study activities. (Andrew

Watkins, 2012) Student engagement has been used as one of the antidotes to

solve declining academic achievement and motivation among American students,

especially urban high school students. In addition, student engagement has been

a focus of higher education researcher’s and policy makers. After the higher

education expansion, faculty and the public have observed and lamented the

declining quality of higher education. (Hsiao-chi Chang, 2011) Engaged students

are more likely to achieve a high level of academic success, attend class regularly,

and stay in school. Students themselves are perhaps the best source of

information about whether they feel engaged by their teachers and classwork.

Does money matter to high school students’ learning and development?

Based on the results of the present research, the answer to this question appears

to be a qualified ‘‘yes.’’ Expenditures for undergraduate education were directly

related to a relatively narrow range of outcomes—the cognitive development of

first-year students. Indirect relationships between expenditures and outcomes,

mediated by student engagement, affected a much wider range of learning

outcomes. (Hilyard, 2011) Understanding how to manage money well remains a

key life skill that is required for all aspects of adult life. Policymakers increasingly

perceive the development of financial skills among young people as essential. The

results of our research are therefore relevant for their implications for educational

policy. First, parental engagement in their children's financial socialization remains

key. The results show that students who have the chance to talk to their parents

about money also tend to get higher scores in financial literacy (Tomlinson, 2009)
Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 9

It is important that a student live a good life because it affects their education and

their behavior inside the school.

Local Studies

Financial literacy is often defined as the individual ability to use knowledge to

manage finance. Financial literacy is regarded as the important ability a child must acquire

since early childhood. It shows that financial education in the family, economics learning

in school, and peer do not affect the financial literacy of public senior high school students

in Surabaya, Indonesia. However, financial education in the family and economics learning

in school affects the financial behavior of public senior high school students in Surabaya,

Indonesia. The results also showed that peer and financial literacy affect the financial

behavior of public senior high school student in Surabaya. (Nestor A. Espenilla Jr, 2010)

Despite sample evidence of the relative financial illiteracy of students in high school,

personal finance education remains inconsistent across postsecondary institutions in the

United States. Moreover, existing programs and services related to personal finance

education have had modest success in attracting student interest and participation. To

illuminate possible reasons for the low levels of student involvement in such educational

opportunities. (Mendoza, 2010) Students who suffers financial problem must know how to

manage their money properly because it is so hard to join or engage in any acivities in

school if you do not have enough money.

Today’s incoming high school students are reporting higher levels of poor mental

health than ever before and financial stress is an emerging issue within this trend.

Inceptia encourages institutions of higher education to take a closer look at the impact of

financial stress on currently enrolled high school students and recent graduates and to

dedicate more resources towards supporting the financial success of their students.

(Casalan, 2013) Seniors demonstrated significantly better personal finance attitudes,

behaviors, and knowledge than first-year students. To a significant degree compared

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 10

with first-year students, seniors credited their high school experience with helping to

improve their knowledge, while first year students significantly differed from seniors in

attributing the high school experience with influencing their attitudes. Student affairs

administrators consistently rated students' personal finance characteristics significantly

lower than students rated themselves, and administrators generally felt high school

sound personal finance attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge. (Ybanez, 2017)

Foreign Literature

A wealth of research demonstrates a relationship between financial status and

engagement. Additionally, extensive research explores financial stress and time-to-

degree or dropout rates. What the current literature misses is a hybrid approach that

considers financial stress, environmental circumstances, and financial capability in order

to understand college persistence and completion rates (Sheehan, 2015). Students

frequently experience financial stress. According to a recent national survey, 35 percent

of students said their finances were “traumatic” or “very difficult” to handle. Students only

more frequently cited academics as a stressor causing the same level of distress.

However, only nine percent of the students indicated that financial worries affected their

engagement and academic performance. (Charles, 2012) Finance gives stress to students

especially to those students whose parents doesn’t have a nice job. It gives them stress

thinking how other students who lie a good life will accept them in that kind of situation .

Prior studies have reported that financial well-being among students is lower than

other population groups as many students borrow money for acquiring education and

constantly worry about their financial situations. The low level of financial well-being can

generate detrimental consequences such as poor student engagement. (Hussung, 2015).

The amount of high school expenses for which is high school student is personally

responsible for can vary greatly. The present study examines whether a student’s personal
Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 11

responsibility in paying for high school is related to his or her engagement in school. It was

hypothesized that as a student’s personal responsibility for high school expenses

increases, the level of engagement will also increase. (Wesley, 2014)

The amount of high school expenses for which is high school student is personally

responsible for can vary greatly. The present study examines whether a student’s personal

responsibility in paying for high school is related to his or her engagement in school. It was

hypothesized that as a student’s personal responsibility for high school expenses

increases, the level of engagement will also increase. (Chamberlin, 2014)Studies of the

relationships between higher education expenditures and student outcomes are relatively

rare. The present research examined the relationships between higher education

expenditures and students’ engagement in educationally purposeful activities. Findings

indicate that the relationships between expenditures and student engagement are

contingent on both students’ year in school and institutional characteristics. (Anderson,

2016)

Local Literature

Financial stress also affected students' engagement, which is often a precursor to

persistence decisions. Findings generally support the negative effects of stress on

students' grades including financial stress. (Rimando, 2015). It was found that students

from higher income families more commonly attended schools with superior infrastructure

and increased resources. Not only this, but it was found that a superior high school context

benefited students from higher income families more so than the same context benefited

lower income families. The variable of parental income level is another important

environmental factor that has been looked into. (Gomez, 2010) Staying in school is an

important factor for students and their families. Greater financial burdens may lead

students to reduce coursework or drop out of school for paid work.

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 12

A study found out that students who has a problem when it comes to finance

perceived a less supportive campus environment, but tended to participate in more

academically beneficial activities. The result indicated that magnitude of the impact

of financial stress of varied by the type of financial stress coping strategy used. (,

2014) In contemporary societies, social problems are both reflected by the school

system and also affected by it. Financial status has been found to have an effect

on children's academic performance and social interactions within the school

setting. Schools serve as social situations that receive input not only from

individual students, parents, teachers, and administrators, but also from state and

national government agencies, large institutions, and private groups. If schools, as

social settings, are to be responsive to the needs of students whose families may

be experiencing stress as a result of the economic changes in the farm sector.

(Sebastian, 2009)

Synthesis

Financial stability has a big effect when it comes to student engagement.

Because financial status or the social economic status is most commonly determine by

combining parent’s educational level, occupational status and the income level. It is

demonstrated that financial status and student engagement has a relationship. If the

student is facing some financial problem then they will have a difficulties when it comes

to engaging with some students.

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 13

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will discuss the method that is used in this research. This will give
details and information about the methodology adopted in this study.

Research Design

The financial stability affecting the engagement of the grade 12 students. The

method that is used by the researchers in this study is the Descriptive Research. The

Descriptive Research described specific situations and etc. The most common descriptive

research method is the survey which consists of questions.

In addition, Descriptive Research design is specific methods which involves

observing and is often used as a pre-cursor to quantitative research. It may use

observations and attempts to collect quantifiable information to be used for statistical

analysis of the population sample.

Population and Sampling

The probability sampling is present in this study. The grade 12 students

from Bucal National High School are the respondents of the study. This table will

present the number of the population and sample sizes in this research.

Population = 332 Sample Sizes = 177

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 14

Grade 12 Population Sample Sizes

HUMSS 1 52 28

HUMSS 2 51 27

HUMSS 3 53 28

HUMSS 4 43 23

HUMSS 5 51 27

EIM 40 21

BPP 32 17

ICT 12 6

Total 332 177

P= (N/x) 100

=%

P= 177/332 = 0.53

=53%

Respondents of the study

The respondents are the person who gives response or answer to a

question that is asked especially as part of a survey. Given the population sample

of 332 and a sample size of 176 students, the respondents are the Grade 12

students from Bucal National High School will be the respondents of this study.

The respondents will serve as one of the source of information that is used in this

research.
Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 15

Research Instruments

The instrument that is used in this study is a structured questionnaire. This is

needed to gather data. This is composed of 15 questions which is related to the

financial stability of the students

Data Gathering Procedure

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information

variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to

answer stated research questions.

The researchers will conduct a survey and convert the question into data. The

researchers will interpret the data by presenting accurate table.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The mean is the most accurate statistical treatment that is based on the

questionnaire provided in order to specify the effectiveness of this study. Using this

statistical method, the financial stability and it’s affection to the engagement of

grade 12 students will be interpreted and analysed.

Solving Formula

WM= P=N/no. respondents X 100

Where:

WM is Weighted Mean

∑fx is the sum of the product of f multiply by X

f is the weight of each term

n is the number of each respondents

Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 16

`Reference Survey Questionnaire

Age: ____ Gender: ____________

INSTRUCTION: Using 5-point scale shown below, Rate the following questions by placing

a check in the box. Please answer the question honestly, Do not leave each item

unanswered.

Scale;

Never Rarely Sometimes Always

0 1 2 3

QUESTIONS 3 2 1 0

1. I engage a lot in classroom discussion

2. I am comfortable being myself at school

3. Attended sports, play, dancing or any extracurricular activities

4. Explained course material to another student

5. Discussed plans for continuing education with peers, teachers

and parents

6. Does your finances affect your classroom engagement?

7. Does the lack of financial ability of a student has a bad effect

on his/her ability to engage in any school activity?

8. Do you experience financial shortage when it comes to school

expenses?
Financial Stability Affecting the Student Engagement of grade 12 student 17

9. Are you having a hard time mingling with your classmates

especially when it deals with money matters?

10. Does your parents give you enough money allowance for

school?

11. Can your parents provide your needs especially in school?

12. Are you having a hard time engaging in school activities that

involves or needed money?