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Tinh Truyen Nhiet
Tinh Truyen Nhiet
Quantity of Heat
A PowerPoint Presentation by
Paul E. Tippens, Professor of Physics
Southern Polytechnic State University
© 2007
Photo © Vol. 05
Photodisk/Getty
Hot coals
Units of Heat
One calorie (1 cal) is the quantity of heat required
to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 C0.
Example
Example
Example
11 kcal
kcal == 4186
4186 JJ 11 Btu
Btu == 252
252 cal
cal
11 Btu
Btu == 1055
1055 JJ
Temperature and Quantity of Heat
The effect of heat on temp- 200C 220C
erature depends on the
quantity of matter heated.
37 s 52 s 60 s 83 s 90 s
Water:
Water: cc == 1.0 cal/g CC00 or
1.0 cal/g Btu/lb FF00 or
or 11 Btu/lb or 4186
4186 J/kg
J/kg K
K
QT = 63,600 J + 14,800 J Q
QTT == 78.4
78.4 kJ
kJ
A Word About Units
The substituted units must be consistent with those of
the chosen value of specific heat capacity.
Q = mwcw t
IfIfThe
you units
use for
4186
1
you use 4186 Q
cal/g , m,
J/kg
1 cal/gJ/kgC 00C
C C and
for
for c,t c,c,
00 for
for
c,
thenmust
then Qbe
Q consistent
must
must be
be in with and
in calories,
joules,
calories,
joules, and
m
and
m
andthose
must
m
must based
m must
be
be in
must inbeoninthe
kilograms.
be in value of
grams.
kilograms.
grams.
the constant c.
Conservation of Energy
Whenever there is a transfer of heat within a
system, the heat lost by the warmer bodies must
equal the heat gained by the cooler bodies:
Q = mLf Q = mLv
Terms:
Terms: Fusion,
Fusion, vaporization,
vaporization, condensation,
condensation, latent
latent
heats,
heats, evaporation,
evaporation, freezing
freezing point,
point, melting
melting point.
point.
Change of Phase
The latent heat of fusion (Lf) of a substance is
Q
the heat per unit mass required to change the Lf
substance from the solid to the liquid phase of m
its melting temperature.
For
ForWater:
Water: LLff==80
80cal/g
cal/g==333,000
333,000J/kg
J/kg
For
ForWater:
Water: LLvv==540
540cal/g
cal/g==2,256,000
2,256,000 J/kg
J/kg
Melting a Cube of Copper
The heat Q required to melt a
substance at its melting temperature What Q
can be found if the mass and latent 2 kg to melt
heat of fusion are known. copper?
= mL
QQ = mLvv Lf = 134 kJ/kg
Example: To completely melt
2 kg of copper at 10400C, we need:
Q = mLf = (2 kg)(134,000 J/kg) Q
Q == 268
268 kJ
kJ
Example 3: How much heat is needed to
convert 10 g of ice at -200C to steam at 1000C?
1 cal/gC0 steam
steam only
80 cal/g and
00C water water
ice
ciceand
= 0.5 cal/gC0
-20 C ice water
0 only
Q
Example 3 (Cont.): Step one is Q1 to convert
10 g of ice at -200C to ice at 00C (no water yet).
t
1000C Q1 = (10 g)(0.5 cal/gC0)[0 - (-200C)]
Q1 = (10 g)(0.5 cal/gC0)(20 C0)
Q
Q11 == 100
100 cal
cal
00C
cice= 0.5 cal/gC0
-200C ice Q
Example 3 (Cont.): Step two is Q2 to convert
10 g of ice at 00C to water at 00C.
Q
Q22 == 800
800 cal
cal
Total
Lost: Lost:
(4 g)(540
(4 g)(540
cal/g) cal/g)
+ (4 g)(1
+ (4cal/gC 0)(1000)(40
g)(1 cal/gC C0 - 60
C00)C )
Example 4 (Continued)
Total Gained: mi(80 cal/g) + mi(1 cal/gC0)(60 C0)
2320 g te = 600C
mi m
mi i == 16.6
16.6 gg
140
Example 5: Fifty grams of ice ice water
are mixed with 200 g of water
initially at 700C. Find the 00C 700C
equilibrium temperature of the 50 g 200 g
mixture.
Ice melts and rises to te te = ?
Water drops from 70 to te.
10,000 cal
te 0
40 C
0
00C 700C
250 cal/C 50 g 200 g
ttee = 40 00C
= 40 C te = ?
Summary of Heat Units
One calorie (1 cal) is the quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 g of
water by 1 C0.
One kilocalorie (1 kcal) is the quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of
water by 1 C0.
For
ForWater:
Water: LLvv==540
540cal/g
cal/g==2,256,000
2,256,000 J/kg
J/kg
Summary: Specific Heat Capacity
The
The specific
specific heat
heat capacity
capacity of of aa
material
material isis the
the quantity
quantity of
of heat
heat toto
raise
raise the
the temperature
temperature of of aa unit
unit
mass
mass through
through aa unit
unit degree.
degree.
Q
c ; Q mct
mt
Summary: Conservation of Energy
Q
Lf ; Q mL f
m
Q
Lv ; Q mLv
m
CONCLUSION: Chapter 17
Quantity of Heat