Aakash Model Test Papers Solutions XI Half Biology PDF

Biology (Class XI) Solutions of Model Test Paper-1
AY2019-20
Solutions
of
Model Test P aper - 1
( for School / Board Exam s)
Exams)
BIOLOGY
Topics : The Living World, Biological Classification, Plant Kingdom, Morphology of Flowering Plants,
Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Cell: The Unit of Life, Cell Cycle & Cell Division,
Animal Kingdom, Structural Organisation in Animals, Digestion & Absorption, Biomolecules,
Breathing & Exchange of Gases
Ans 1. The repetitive segments of an animal along the longitudinal axis of the body to produce a series
of similar units (called metameres) is known as metamerism. Metameric segmentation is most clearly seen
in annelids [1]
Ans 2. Carolus Linnaeus gave Binomial Nomenclature. [1]
Ans 3. The structural and functional unit of the myofibril is sarcomere. [1]
Ans 4. DNA is called as polynucleotide because it is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. [1]
Ans 5. Lipase is a fat digesting enzyme. The end products of fat digestion formed in the small intestine are fatty
acids and glycerol. [1]
Ans 6. Slime moulds are consumer decomposer protists. During life cycle they are amoeboid and wall-less but
spores have cellulosic wall so that their vegetative phase resembles with animals while reproductive phase
resembles with plants. [1]
Sporozoans are protozoan protists and are endoparasites. Locomotory organelles are absent and life cycle
consists of two distinct asexual and sexual phases. [1]
Ans 7. Features of gymnosperms to survive in adverse climatic conditions are:
(i) Leaves are needle like (Pinus), small flat and leathery or scale like. [½]
(ii) Leaves have thick cuticle and sunken stomata. [½]
(iii) Mycorrhizae allow them to get water and minerals. [½]
(iv) Enzymes of conifers are functional even at –35°C. [½]
Ans 8. 1. Imbricate [½]

2. Vexillary [½]
3. Twisted [½]
4. Valvate [½]
Ans 9. (a) Excretory organ of grasshopper is malpighian tubule. [½]
(b) Excretory organ of Tapeworm(Taenia solium) is flame cells. [½]
(c) Excretory organ of Hirudinaria is nephridia. Accessory excretory organ is botryoidal tissue. [½]
(d) Excretory organ of goat is kidney. [½]
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Solutions of Model Test Paper-1 Biology (Class XI)
Ans 10. Enzymes alter the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction. [1]
Transition state
Activation energy without enzyme

Potential energy
Activation energy with enzyme

Substrate(s) [1]
Product(P)
Progress of reaction
Ans 11. (a) The development of cockroach is through gradual metamorphosis and occurs through a series of
nymphal stages. The nymphs posses nearly all adult characters but differ in size and colouration, being
sexually immature and lack wings. Such type of development is called paurometabolous. [1]
(b) Mushroom gland is the accessory male reproductive gland of cockroach. It is located in the 6th-7th
abdominal segments. [1]
(c) Mosaic vision has more sensitivity and less resolution and is more common during night. Hence, it
is also called nocturnal vision. [1]
Ans 12. Stomatal apparatus - The stomatal aperture (pore), guard cells and surrounding subsidiary cells are
together called stomatal apparatus. [½]
Structure of stomata - In a dorsiventral leaf each stomata is composed of two bean or kidney shaped
cells known as guard cells and a tiny stomatal pore.
Guard cells - These cells control opening and closing of stomatal pore, they possess chloroplast and
regulate the stomatal movement.
Guard cells are surrounded by epidermal cells called subsidiary cells. [1]
Epidermal cells
Subsidiary cells
Diagram [1/2]
Chloroplast
Guard cells Labelling [1]
Stomatal pore
Ans 13. (a) Characteristics of prokaryotic cells:

1. Its genetic material is not surrounded by nuclear membrane.
2. Cell wall is present but it is non-cellulosic.
3. Flagella help in locomotion while the pili or fimbrae take part in attachment and conjugation.
4. Ribosomes are of 70 S type. [2]
(b) [1]
Cristae Cisternae
1. Part of mitochondria. 1. Part of Golgi complex and ER.

2. Inner folding of inner mitochondrial 2. In ER, these are found in bundles and
membrane. lie parallel to one another.
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Ans 14. (a) (i) Metaphase I [½]

(ii) Pachytene [½]
(iii) Anaphase-II and anaphase of mitosis. [½]
(iv) Zygotene [½]
(v) Diplotene [½]
(b) Interkinesis: It is a gap which exists between meiosis I and meiosis II. During this phase, the
chromosomes are elongated but do not form chromatin fibres. There is no replication of DNA during
this phase, but centrioles pairs replicate in animal cell. The RNA and protein required during meiosis
II are synthesized during this phase. [½]
Ans 15. (a) Parameter ‘a’ plotted on ‘X’ axis is partial pressure of O2 and parameter ‘b’ plotted on ‘Y’ axis is
percentage saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen. [1]
(b) Haemoglobin binds with oxygen at the lung surface and dissociates at the tissue level.
Under high pO2, oxygen readily binds with haemoglobin in the pulmonary blood capillaries. When this
oxygenated blood reaches to tissues, pO2 decreases and the affinity of Hb for oxygen also falls. This
leads to dissociation of oxygen from haemoglobin. As a result, oxygen is released from blood
capillaries to tissues where it is utilised for oxidation of glucose. [2]
Ans 16. (i) [1 + 1]
Systematics Taxonomy
1. Derived from Latin word ‘systema’ 1. Derived from two Greek words ‘taxis’ and ‘nomos’
2. Includes characterisation, identification, 2. Includes characterisations, identification,
nomenclature, classification of organisms nomenclature and classification of organisms
alongwith their evolutionary study.
(ii) [1]
Species Taxon
It includes the group of organisms that are It is the unit of classification which may
capable of interbreeding and produce fertile represent any level of grouping of organisms
offsprings. based on certain easily observable common
characteristics.
Ans 17. (a) An organ, which regulates buoyancy - swim bladder. [½]
(b) A fish having poisonous sting - Trygon (Sting ray) [½]
(c) A walnut-shaped marine organism that shows bioluminescence - Pleurobrachia [½]
(d) A cnidarian showing metagenesis - Obelia [½]
(e) An arthropod which is a gregarious pest - Locusta [½]
(f) A reptile having four chambered heart - Crocodilus [½]
Ans 18. Three enzymes of pancreatic juice along with their functions are given below:
(i) Pancreatic amylase/amylopsin: It digests complex carbohydrates (starch) into disaccharides in the
small intestine. [1]
(ii) Pancreatic lipase/steapsin: Fats are broken down into di and monoglycerides by lipase with the
help of bile. [1]
(iii) Trypsin: It is a proteolytic enzyme that digests proteins and partially hydrolysed proteins into dipeptides. [1]
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Ans 19. (1) Viroids: In 1971, T.O. Diener discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses and
caused potato spindle tuber disease. It was found to be a free RNA; it lacked the protein coat that
is found in viruses, hence the name viroid. The RNA of the viroid was of low molecular weight. [1]
(2) Lichens: Lichens are symbiotic associations, i.e., mutually useful associations, between algae and
fungi. The algal component is known as phycobiont and fungal component as mycobiont, which
are autotrophic and heterotrophic, respectively. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter
and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner. So close is their association that if one saw
a lichen in nature one would never imagine that they had two different organisms within them. Lichens
are very good pollution indicators – they do not grow in polluted areas. [1]
(3) Viruses: Viruses are infectious agents, with simple, acellular organisation. They are exception to the
cell theory. The study of virus is called virology. Viruses are connecting link between living and non-
living entities. They have the properties of both living and non-living things. Viruses can reproduce only
within living cells and are obligatory intracellular parasites.
In addition to proteins, viruses also contain genetic material, that could be either RNA or DNA. No
virus contains both RNA and DNA. A virus is a nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious.
In general, viruses that infect plants have single stranded RNA and viruses that infect animals have
either single or double stranded RNA or double stranded DNA. [1]
Ans 20. (a) Cells of cartilage are called chondrocytes. They are present within small cavities called lacunae in the
matrix of cartilage. [1]
(b) Fibroblasts are fibre secreting cells present in the matrix of connective tissue. [1]
(c) In cockroach, thorax has three segments namely prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax and abdomen
has 10 segments [1]
Ans 21. (a) Presence of notochord is a distinguishing feature of all chordates. Among chordates notochord in
embryonic stages gets replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in adults of sub-phylum
vertebrata only. Thus, it can be concluded that all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not
vertebrates. [1½]
(b) A true coelom is a body cavity which arises in embryonic mesoderm and mesoderm provides a cellular
lining called coelomic epithelium or peritoneum to the cavity.
Although platyhelminthes are triploblastic animals with mesodermal layer but mesoderm-lined body
cavity (true coelom) is lacking in them. Hence, they are called acoelomate animals. [1½]
Ans 22. (a) Double fertilization:
In double fertilization one male gamete fuses with oosphere or egg cell to form zygote. It is called
syngamy. [1]
The second male gamete fuses with diploid secondary nucleus to form primary endosperm nucleus.
It is called triple fusion since three nuclei are involved in this process. [1]
(b) After fertilization the ovule matures into seed and the ovary develops into fruit. [1]
Ans 23. (a) Telophase I is the final stage of reductional division, i.e., meiosis I. In this stage the chromosomes reach
the poles. The spindle fibres completely disappear. It comes after Anaphase I. [1]
(b) (i) The nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear. [½]
(ii) The chromosomes uncoil and elongate but remain straight in this phase. They do not reach the
extremely extended state of the interphase nucleus. [½]
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(iii) It produces two daughter cells each containing a single nucleus. The nucleus of the daughter cell
receives only one chromosome from each homologous pair and thus, it has half the number of
chromosome but double the amount of nuclear DNA as both the chromatids move together to a
single pole. [1]
(c) Supriya is a keen observer and curious to know the various phenomena occurring in nature. [1]
Ans 24. [5]
Ans 25. Monocotyledonous root : The anatomy of the monocot root is similar to the dicot root in many respects.
However some differences are also found.
Diagram - [1]
Root hair Labelling - [1]
Epidermis
Cortex
Endodermis
Pericycle
Phloem
Protoxylem
Pith
Metaxylem
T.S. : Monocot root

Figure shows a portion of the transverse section of a monocot root. The tissue organisation of a monocot
is as follows:
(a) Epidermis : Outermost layer, bears large number of unicellular root hair. Cuticle and stomata are
absent.
(b) Cortex : Hypodermis is absent. Cortex is made up of parenchymatous cells. Cells are loosely arranged.
Endodermis is very distinct. Made up of barrel-shaped cells having casparian strips.
(c) Pericycle : It is also very distinct. The cells of pericycle give rise to lateral roots only as cambium
is absent in the monocots.
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(d) Vascular bundles : Vascular bundles are of radial type. They are arranged along the different radii
of the root. Vascular cambium is lacking in them so the vascular bundles are closed. Due to the
absence of cambium, monocotyledonous roots do not undergo secondary growth.
As compared to the dicot roots which have fewer vascular bundles, there are usually more than six
(polyarch) xylem bundles in the monocot root. Phloem has sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem
fibres. Phloem parenchyma is absent in the monocotyledonous plants.
(e) Conjunctive tissue : In between the patches of xylem and phloem, parenchymatous cells are present
which comprise the conjunctive tissue.
(f) Pith : Pith is large and well developed in roots of monocotyledonous plants. [6 × ½]
Ans 26. (a) Many membrane bound minute vesicles are called microbodies. These contain various enzymes and
are present in both plant and animal cells. Examples - peroxisomes, spherosomes, glyoxysomes [1]
(b) (i) Cytoplasm [1/2]
(ii) On the surface of endoplasmic reticulum [1/2]
(iii) Inside the mitochondria [1/2]
(iv) Inside the chloroplast [1/2]
(c) The nuclear envelope is interrupted by minute pores. These are formed by the fusion of outer and inner
membranes. [1]
Function:
Nuclear pores help in the movement of RNA and protein molecules in both direction, between the nucleus
and the cytoplasm. [1]

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AY2019-20
Solutions
of
Exams)
BIOLOGY
Ans 1. Alternation of generation between sexual (medusoid) and asexual (polyp) forms in the life cycle of some
coelenterates is called metagenesis. [1]
Ans 2. The bivalent of meiosis-I is the complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes. [1]
Ans 3. Matrix of bone is hard and non-pliable and is composed of tough, inflexible protein, ossein. Matrix occurs
in concentric lamellae and contains chiefly calcium salts.
Matrix of cartilage is solid and pliable and can resist compression. It is composed of a flexible protein,
chondrin. Calcium salts are present only in calcified cartilage. Matrix occurs in a homogenous mass. [1]
Ans 4. The protein which enables glucose transport in a cell is GLUT - 4. [1]
Ans 5. The abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of faecal discharge is known as diarrhoea.[1]
Ans 6. (i) Metacentric chromosome - The centromere is present at the centre and they appear V-shaped
during anaphase. [½]
(ii) Sub-metacentric - The centromere is present slightly away from the centre of chromosome. They
appear L-shaped during anaphase. [½]
(iii) Acrocentric - The centromere is present very close to one end of the chromosome. They appear
J-shaped during anaphase. [½]
(iv) Telocentric - The centromere is present at the terminal end of the chromosome and they appear
I-shaped during anaphase. [½]
Ans 7. (a) Endodermis of roots [1]
(b) Suberin and lignin [1]
Ans 8. Stem tendril: In some plants the axillary buds present on the stem modify to form tendrils. They are the
climbing organs of the plant which coil around the nearby support.
Example - Cucumber [1]
Aerial stem : Plants present in arid regions modify their stem into flattened (Opuntia) or fleshy cylindrical
structures (Euphorbia), called phylloclade. These structures are green in colour due to the presence of
photosynthetic pigments. These are green stems have unlimited growth. These structures perform the
function of photosynthesis. [1]
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Ans 9. The gut is protected from autodigestion by the mucosal epithelial barrier. The stomach is protected by the
epithelial cells, which produce and secrete a bicarbonate-rich solution that coats the mucosa. Bicarbonate
is alkaline, a base, and neutralises the acid secreted by the parietal cells. Proteolytic enzymes are secreted
in inactive form (zymogen) which later are converted into active form during digestion of protein. [2]
Ans 10. Coralloid roots of Cycas are associated with cyanobacteria like Nostoc and Anabaena species. [1]
They show symbiotic association. [½]
In coralloid roots, cynanobacteria perform the function of nitrogen fixation. [½]
Ans 11. (a) The amount of energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction is called activation energy. [1]
(b) Uracil is a pyrimidine present in RNA. Uridine is a nucleoside containing uracil as a nitrogenous base
and a pentose sugar. [1]
(c) Antibody fights against infectious agents as a part of body’s immune response. It is a protein. [½ + ½]
Ans 12. (a) In aseptate hyphae, cross walls or septa are not laid down after the nuclear division. Continued nuclear
division makes the hyphae multinucleate and thus the whole mycelium without septa is called
coenocytic.
Example - Rhizopus [1]
(b) Morchella esculenta, Agaricus compestris. [1]
(c) Puccina graminis tritici causes black rust of wheat.
Ustilago nuda tritici causes loose smut of wheat. [1]
Ans 13. Rules of Nomenclature: Some universal rules of nomenclature framed under codes of ICZN, ICBN, etc.,
are as follows.
(i) Biological names are generally taken from Latin language irrespective of their origin. New names are
now derived either from Latin language or Latinised. [½]
(ii) Each organism is given only one name consisting of two words. The first word in a biological name
represents its genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet. [½]
(iii) The scientific name is printed in italics or underlined separately when handwritten to indicate their Latin
origin [½]
(iv) The first word denoting genus starts with a capital letter, while the specific epithet starts with a smaller
letter. [½]
(v) The name of the author or discoverer is written after specific epithet in abbreviated form. For
example, Mangifera indica Linn., it indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus. [½]
(vi) All the three words(generic name, species epithet and author citation) collectively from
binomial epithet. [½]
Ans 14. (i) G1 Phase

G1 phase is the interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication. In this phase, cell does not
synthesize or replicate DNA but remains metabolically active. The cell grows in size continuously and
synthesizes nucleotides, ATP, proteins, amino acids, RNA, etc. (required during S phase). Most of
the organelles duplication occurs in this phase. [1]
(ii) S Phase
‘S’ or synthesis phase is a phase in which synthesis or replication of DNA takes place. It is the phase
in which cell doubles its DNA. The new DNA molecule forms the new chromatin fibres which remain
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attached in pairs, the chromatin material condenses to form two sister chromatids which remain
attached to each other through a centromere. It holds the two sister chromatids together.
In animal cell, during the S phase, DNA replication begins in the nucleus, and the centrioles duplicate
in the cytoplasm. Centrioles are required during the M phase. The centrioles are absent in the plant
cell. [1]
(iii) G2 Phase
G2 phase or Gap2 phase is the second gap phase present between S and M phase. Tubulin protein
synthesis take place. Mitochondria, Chloroplast and Golgi bodies duplicate in this phase.
The DNA synthesis stops at this phase but cell synthesizes RNA, proteins, etc., required during the
next phase. [1]
Ans 15. (a) The cavity which is formed between the mantle and the body proper of a mollusc is known as mantle
cavity. The mantle cavity encloses the feather-like gills which help in respiration as well as excretion.
[½ + ½]
(b) Direct development Indirect development

(i) Embryo develops into a mature individual (i) Sexually-immature larval stage occurs
without involving a larval stage. in the development.
(ii) Metamorphosis involves development
(ii) Metamorphosis is absent.
of larva into a sexually mature adult.
(iii)It is found in fishes, reptiles, birds and (iii) It is seen in amphibians and many
mammals. invertebrates.
for Any two difference [½ + ½]

(c) Coelom is a mesodermally lined fluid filled body cavity present between outer body wall and inner gut
wall. The coelom contains most of the visceral organs and is lined by mesoderm on all sides(coelomic
epithelium). [1]
Ans 16.
Diagram - [1½]
Rough endoplasmic Labelling - [1½]
Smooth Lysosome reticulum
endoplasmic
reticulum
Plasmodesmata Nucleus
Nucleolus
Golgi
Microtubule apparatus
Nuclear
envelope
Plasma
membrane
Vacoule
Middle lamella
Cell wall
Peroxisome Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Plant cell
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Ans 17. Three types of muscles are found in human body:

(i). Skeletal muscles
(1) Muscle fibres are cylindrical in shape and unbranched. [½]
(2) Muscle fibres are multi-nucleated with peripheral nuclei. [½]
(ii). Smooth muscles
(1) Muscle fibres are unbranched, non-striated and spindle shaped. [½]
(2) Each muscle fibre contains a single and central nucleus. [½]
(iii). Cardiac muscles
(1) Muscle fibres are branched and cylindrical in shape. [½]
(2) Uninucleated muscle fibres with central nucleus. Intercalated discs are present. [½]
Ans 18. (a) Three pairs of salivary glands along with their locations are:-
(i) Parotid glands - found near the cheek.
(ii) Sub-maxillary / Sub-mandibular glands - found at lower jaw.
(iii) Sub-lingual glands - found below tongue. [½ + ½ + ½ ]
(b) Kwashiorkor Marasmus [½ + ½ + ½]
(i) Usually observed in children in the age (i) Usually absorbed in infants below the age
group of 1-5 years. of 1 year.
(ii) It occurs due to deficiency of protein. (ii) It occurs due to deficiency of protein and
total food calories.
(iii)Thinning of limbs, pot belly, oedema, (iii)Prominent ribs(emaciation), wrinkled and
wasted muscles are some of the symptoms. dry skin, diarrhoea, replacement of tissue
proteins are important symptoms.
Ans 19. (a) Lenticel : Lenticels are the lens-shaped openings present on the bark that serve for exchange of gases
between the internal tissue of the stem and the outer atmosphere. They occur in most woody trees
and permit the exchange of gases in the woody areas of plants. [1]
(b) Stele : All tissues on the inner side of endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundle and pith
constitute the stele [1]
(c) Sap wood : Sap wood is the region of secondary xylem which is involved in the conduction of water
and minerals. [1]
Ans 20. (a) The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is located in red blood cells, renal tubule cells of kidney, pancreatic
cells and gastric mucosa. [1]
(b) The pneumotaxic centre present in the pons region of hind brain transmits inhibitory impulses to
the respiratory rhythm centre to help turn off the inspiratory area before the lungs become too
full of air. [1]
(c) Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease that occurs when lung tissue gets damaged and scarred. The
tissue around and between the alveoli gets thickened which causes difficulty for the lungs to work
properly. Long-term exposure to toxins and pollutants such as silica dust, asbestos, coal dust, radiation
therapy, certain drugs and medical conditions can lead to fibrosis in lungs. [1]
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Ans 21. (a) (i) Spermatheca is found filled with spermatozoa in a fertile female cockroach received during
copulation, from the male. [½]
(ii) At the junction of foregut and midgut, 6-8 blind tubular structures called gastric or hepatic caecae
are present which secrete digestive juices. [½]
(b) [2]
Ovary
Spermatheca
Common oviduct
or vagina
Collaterial glands
Genital chamber
Genital
Vestibulum pouch
Female Reproductive system of cockroach
Ans 22. Modification of leaves:
(i) Leaf tendrils : In some plants, leaves modify into long, slender, thread-like, sensitive structures called
tendrils. They are sensitive to touch and therefore coil around a support to which they come in contact
with and help the plant while climbing. Their main function is to provide support to the climbing plants
e.g., peas, sweet pea. [1]
(ii) Leaf spines : In some plants such as Aloe, cactus etc. leaves modify into small, sharp-pointed
structures which reduce transpiration and protect the plants from browsing animals. The sharp-pointed
structures are called leaf spines. [1]
(iv) Phyllodes : In certain plants such as Australian Acacia the leaves are small and short lived. In these
plants the petioles modify to form flat, green-coloured leaf-like structure which performs the function
of photosynthesis. These are known as phyllodes. [1]
Ans 23. (a) Sarika was helpful enough to aware her aunt about the functions of gall bladder in the body. Sarika, being a
biology student is doing justice to her studies as she is spreading her knowledge among others. [½ + ½]
(b) Gall bladder acts as the storage site of bile when most absorption of digested food has taken place
and the sphincter of Oddi closes off the entrance to the duodenum. [1]
(c) A person whose gall bladder is removed should focus on a carbohydrate rich diet. He should minimise
intake of fatty food. [1]
(d) High-fat dairy(cheese, ice-cream) products and french fries or potato chips are food stuffs that should
be avoided by Raveena [1]
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Ans 24. [1 × 5]
Monera Protista
(a) Cell wall is non-cellulosic polysaccharides + Cell wall is cellulosic and in some members it
amino acids. is impregnated with silica.
(b) Genetic material is not enveloped by a Genetic material is enveloped by a nuclear
nuclear membrane and known as nucleoid. The membrane. Nucleus contains more than one
nucleoid contains a single circular double strand chromosome which is made up of linear double
DNA. stranded DNA.
(c) Location of respiratory system included plasma Location of respiratory system includes cytoplasm
membrane and cytoplasm. and mitochondria.
(d) Cytoplasmic ribosomes are of 70 S type which is Cytoplasmic ribosomes are of 80 S type which is
composed of 50 S and 30 S subunits. composed of 60 S and 40 S subunits.
(e) Extra chromosomal DNA is located in cytoplasm Extra chromosomal DNA is located in mitochondria
in the form of of plasmid. and chloroplast.
Ans 25. (i) Leptotene : Condensation and coiling of chromatin fibres begins during leptotene. The chromatin
material condenses to form distinct chromosomes which gradually become visible under the light
microscope. [1]
(ii) Zygotene : Zygotene is the second stage of prophase I. It occurs after leptotene. A diploid cell contains
two sets of chromosomes. The two chromosomes which are similar in form, size, structure are called
homologous chromosomes.
During zygotene, these homologous chromosomes start pairing together. These homologous
chromosomes come to lie side by side in pairs and this pairing is known as synapsis. The complex
formed by a pair of synapsed chromosome is called bivalent. [1]
(iii) Pachytene : It is the third stage of prophase I. It occurs after zygotene and the following events occur
during pachytene :
(1) The synapsed chromosomes continue to become thick and short. The chromatids of the
homologous chromosomes now become clearly visible as tetrad.
(2) During pachytene, crossing over occurs between the non-sister chromatids of the homologous
chromosomes.
(3) Crossing over leads to recombination of genetic material which involves a mutual exchange of the
corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
(4) By the end of pachytene, the recombination between the homologous chromosome is complete
and the two chromatids are linked at the site of crossing over. [1]
(iv) Diplotene : The following events occur during this phase :
(1) The synaptonemal complex formed during the zygotene dissolves during diplotene. Therefore, the
homologous chromosomes separate except in the region of crossing over.
(2) The point of attachment between the homologous chromosomes after dissolution of the
synaptonemal complex is called chiasmata. The two homologous chromosomes begin to separate
from each other but remain attached at the chiasmata. The homologous chromosomes do not
separate at chiasmata. [1]
(v) Diakinesis : The following events occur during diakinesis :
(1) Spindle assembles to prepare homologous chromosomes for separation. It assembles at the poles,
so that it separates the homologous chromosomes into two cells.
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(2) The chiasmata move or shift to the tip of the chromosome and from there it either slips off or
remains at the tip.
(3) Nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope disintegrates. [1]
Ans 26. (a) (i) Dorsal hollow nerve cord [¼ + ¼ + ¼ + ¼]
(ii) Notochord
(iii) Pharyngeal gill slits
(iv) Post anal tail
Notochord is transformed into vertebral column in vertebrates. [1]
(b) [½ + ½ + ½]
Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
(i) Endoskeleton is cartilaginous. (i) Endoskeleton is bony.
(ii) Skin is covered by placoid scales. (ii) Skin is covered by cycloid/ctenoid
scales.
(iii) Air bladder is absent, so they need to (iii) Air bladder is present which
constantly swim in order to avoid regulates buoyancy.
sinking.
(c) When the body cavity arises from the embryonic mesoderm such that the mesodermal layer provides
a cellular lining called coelomic epithelium or peritoneum to the body cavity, it is said to be a true
coelom. [½]
(d) (i) A flightless bird - Struthio [½]
(ii) A fish possessing an electric organ - Torpedo [½]

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Solutions AY2019-20
of
Exams)
BIOLOGY
Ans 1. The scientific name of tiger is Panthera tigris. Tiger belongs to family Felidae. [1]
Ans 2. Bryophytes are called amphibians of plant kingdom because the plants can live in soil but are dependent
on water for sexual reproduction. [1]
Ans 3. A ring of 100-150 yellow, thread like malpighian tubules are present at the junction of midgut and hindgut.
They have excretory function. They extract nitrogenous wastes (e.g, potassium urate) and water from
haemolymph and convert them into uric acid which is then excreted out through hindgut. [½ + ½]
Ans 4. Cellulose is an example of homopolysaccharide. [1]
Ans 5. Hydrochloric acid secreted by parietal cells converts inactive pepsinogen secreted by peptic cells of gastric
glands into active pepsin. [1]
Ans 6. Reticulate venation: In reticulate venation, the veinlets of leaf form a network. It generally occurs in dicots.
Example: Hibiscus [½ + ½]
Parallel venation: In parallel venation, the veins of leaf run parallel to each other within a lamina. It
generally occurs in monocots. [½ + ½]
Example: Banana
Ans 7. (a) Exarch xylem Endarch xylem [½ + ½]

(i) Protoxylem is towards the outer side (i) Protoxylem is towards the centre
of the xylem tissue. of the xylem tissue.
(ii) Exarch xylem occurs in radial (ii) Endarch xylem occurs in collateral
vascular bundles. vascular bundles.
(b) (i) Hemp fibre (Cannabis) [½]
(ii) Jute fibre (Corchorus) [½]
Ans 8. Key is helpful in the identification of organisms based on the similarities and dissimilarities. Key is a set
of alternate characters of different types arranged sequence wise in such a fashion that by selection and
elimination one can quickly find out the name of the organism. [2]
(94)
Ans 9. (i) Simple squamous epithelium is present in the walls of blood vessels(endothelium). [½]
(ii) Simple cuboidal epithelium is present in ducts of glands. [½]
(iii) Simple columnar epithelium is found in the lining of stomach and intestine. [½]
(iv) Ciliated columnar epithelium is found in the lining of fallopian tube. [½]
Ans 10. Respiratory rhythm is regulated by the neural system according to the demands of the body tissues. The
respiratory rhythm centre is located in the medulla of brain. It is primarily responsible to regulate the
respiratory rhythm. Another centre present in the pons region moderates the function of respiratory rhythm
centre. Increase in CO2 concentration or H+ concentration activates chemosensitive area present adjacent
to the rhythm centre. The chemoreceptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery also can recognise
changes in CO2 and H + concentration and send signals to the rhythm centre to make necessary
adjustments. [2]
Ans 11. (i) Planaria is a platyhelminth and excretory structures in them are specialized cells called flame cells. [1]
(ii) Coiled tubules called nephridia are excretory structures found in earthworm. [1]
(iii) Excretory organ in cockroach is malpighian tubules. [1]
Ans 12. (a) In metaphase all the chromosomes align themselves at the equator. The plain of alignment of
centromeres of all the chromosomes of the cell, at metaphase is referred as metaphasic plate. [1]
(b) Meiosis II :
(i) Prophase II : It is a short phase where the chromatids of the univalent condenses. [½]
(ii) Metaphase II : The univalents, i.e., chromosomes align themselves at the equator, (on the
equatorial plane) in the metaphase II. [½]
(iii) Anaphase II : During this phase, the centromere holding the two chromatids splits and allow the
separation and movement of the two chromatids. Chromatids move to the opposite poles. [½]
(iv) Telophase II : During this phase, the chromatids reach the poles and start uncoiling. They
decondense and become thin. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear and four haploid nuclei
are formed. [½]
Ans 13. (a) (i) Function of oxysome : Oxysomes are the centers of ATP synthesis during oxidative
phosphorylation. [1]
(ii) Function of cristae of mitochondria : Cristae are meant for increasing the physiologically active
area of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Their density indicates the intensity of respiration. [1]
(b) Mitochondria have their own DNA which can replicate independently. The mitochondrial DNA produces
its own mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. Most of the mitochondrial proteins are synthesized under instructions
from cell nucleus. [½]
Since some of the mitochondrial proteins are synthesized by itself and they are capable of self
duplication hence, mitochondria are called “Semi-autonomous organelles”. [½]
Ans 14. Archaebacteria
(i) Methanogens : These bacteria are present in marshy habitats get of ruminant animals. They are
capable of converting CO2, methanol and formic acid into methane so named methanogens. These are
chemoautotrophs. Examples : Methanococcus etc. [1]
(95)
(ii) Halophiles : These bacteria live in extreme saline environment such as salt lakes, sea, brines
etc. In strong light, these halophiles develop a pigmented membrane (purple membrane)
composed of a pigment called bacterio-rhodopsin to harness the sun’s energy. But they can’t use
that energy for food synthesis, hence they are heterotrophs. Example : Halobacterium. [1]
(iii) Thermoacidophiles : These are capable of tolerating high temperature as well as high acidity and
hence, the name thermoacidophiles. They often live in hot water springs where the temperature is as
high as 80°C and the pH as low as 2. These are chemosynthetic in nature. The medium becomes
highly acidic due to the production of sulphuric acid. Under anaerobic conditions sulphur is
reduced to H 2 S. Examples: Thermoplasma [1]
Ans 15. (i) Two types of cells present in neural tissue are neurons and neuroglial cells. [½ + ½]
(ii) Tendon Ligament [½ + ½]

1. Attaches bone to muscle 1. Attaches bone to bone.
2. Inelastic in nature, made up of white 2. Elastic in nature, made up of bundles of
collagen fibers mainly elastic fibers and few collagen fibres
(iii) The chitinous plates found in the exoskeleton of cockroach are called sclerites. [1]
Ans 16. [3]
A diagrammatic view of cell cycle indicating formation of two cells from one cell
Ans 17. (a) Starch forms helical secondary structure and gives a characteristic blue colour with iodine as iodine
occupies a position in the interior of helical coil of glucose unit. [1]
Cellulose does not form helical coils and thus cannot bind I2. So, no colour is produced.
(b) Proteins are heteropolymers because they are composed of 20 different types of amino acids as
monomers. [1]
(c) Malonate acts as competitive inhibitor and competes with succinate to bind to the active site of
succinate dehydrogenase. [1]
Ans 18. DNA RNA [1+1+1]

(i) Mostly present in double-stranded helical form (i) Mostly present in single stranded form
(ii) Uracil is absent and thymine is present (ii) Thymine is absent and uracil is present
(iii) The pentose sugar is deoxyribose (iii) The pentose sugar is ribose
(96)
Ans 19. (a) Mesosome is a characteristic circular to villiform ingrowth of cell membrane of bacteria, which contains
respiratory enzymes. [1]
Function : Mesosome performs respiration. They are also involved in cell wall maintenance and
replication of bacterial DNA. [½]
(b) Plasmid : They are self replicating, extra chromosomal segments of double stranded, circular naked
DNA. It provides unique phenotypic characters to bacteria. [1½]
Ans 20. (a) Constipation : Constipation occurs due to irregular bowel movements as a result of which faeces are
stored in the rectum [1]
(b) Jaundice : Jaundice is caused by accumulation of bile pigments in blood resulting in yellowing of skin
and whites of the eyes. It may result due to inflammation of liver or obstruction of bile duct. [1]
(c) Indigestion : Food is not properly digested leading to a feeling of fullness. Causes of indigestion include
inadequate enzyme secretion, anxiety, food poisoning, over eating and spicy food. [1]
Ans 21. Three pulmonary volumes are explained as follows:
(i) Tidal volume(TV) : The amount of air that moves into the lungs with each inspiration or the amount
of air that moves out of the lungs with each expiration is called the tidal volume. It is about 500ml. [1]
(ii) Inspiratory reserve volume(IRV) : The air inspired in excess of the tidal volume during maximum
inspiration is called inspiratory reserve volume. [1]
It is 2500 - 3000 mL in average
(iii) Expiratory reserve volume(ERV) : Additional volume of air that is expired by forceful expiration is
called expiratory reserve volume. [1]
The average volume of ERV is 1000 – 1100 mL
Epidermis
Epidermis
Ans 22. Hypodermis Epidermal
hair
Collenchyma
Parenchyma
Endodermis
Vascular Pericycle
bundles
Phloem
Xylem Phloem
Ground
tissue Cambium
Metaxylem
Protoxylem
Pith
Monocot Stem Dicot Stem [1½ + 1½]
(97)
Ans 23. (i) Gymnosperms are plants in which the seeds are not enclosed within fruit wall, i.e, they bear naked
seeds. These are seeded plants without fruits. [1]
(ii) The drug ephedrine obtained from a gymnosperm Ephedra is used in curing respiratory ailments,
including asthma. [1]
(iii) An anticancerous drug, called Taxol, is obtained from the bark of Taxus. [1]
Seeds of Pinus gerardiana yield an oil which is applied as dressing to wounds and to cure ulcers.
(iv) Suresh got the awareness about the plants and their importance for mankind. [1]
Ans 24. Modification of roots: Modification in roots are changes occurring in structures which do not alter their
basic design but bring about morphological and physiological variations for a particular adaption. Tap roots
are modified for storage, nitrogen fixation and aeration. [½]
(i) Storage tap roots: The tap root becomes swollen and fleshy with the stored food. The secondary roots
remain thin. Hypocotyl may also join the tap root in storing food. [1½]
Examples: Carrot, Radish, Turnip.
(ii) Nodulated tap root
They occur in leguminous plants. The secondary, tertiary roots and sometimes the primary root develop
numerous small or large irregular swellings called root nodules or tubercles. The root nodules contain
millions of nitrogen fixing bacteria of genus Rhizobium. [1½]
Examples : Gram, Groundnut, Alfalfa
(iii) Respiratory tap roots:
They are found in plants growing in mangroves or saline swamps near the sea shore. The horizontal
roots of these plants develop upright aerial roots or pneumatophores at short intervals. These are
respiratory roots come out of water and work for exchange of gases through lenticels. [1½]
Examples - Rhizophora, Sonneratia.
Ans 25. Fluid mosaic model of cell membranes is one of the accepted model proposed by Singer and Nicolson
in 1972. The evidences that supports or satisfies fluid mosaic model are as follow:-
(i) Occurrence of protein particles both on the surface and interior of cell membranes has been confirmed
through freeze etching technique.
(ii) This model explains the presence of different types of permeability and retentivity of various cell
membranes.
(iii) It depicts for lateral movement of membrane proteins indicating the fluidity of the lipid part.
(iv) This model explains the passage of both electrolytes and non-electrolytes through the biomolecules.
(v) It provides quick growth, expansion and contraction of the membrane. [5 × 1]
(98)
Ans 26. (i) Sapwood Heartwood [5 × ½]
1. It is outer wood of an old stem. 1. It is the central wood of an old stem.

2. It is light coloured. 2. Heartwood is dark coloured.
3. It is the water conducting part of xylem. 3. It is the part of xylem which contains
different organic molecules in their lumen.
4. Sapwood is the functional part of the 4. Heartwood is the nonfunctional part of
secondary xylem or wood. secondary xylem.
5. The tracheary elements are not plugged 5. The tracheary elements are plugged by
by tyloses. tyloses.
(ii) Open Vascular Bundle Closed Vascular Bundle [5 × ½]
1. Vascular bundle contains a strip of 1. Intrafascicular cambium is absent .

cambium in between phloem and xylem.
2. Phloem and xylem do not lie in direct 2. Phloem and xylem occur in direct contact
contact with each other. with each other.
3. Due to activity of cambium, original or 3. There is no such activity.
primary phloem and xylem move away
from each other. Secondary phloem and
secondary xylem are formed in between.
4. Open vascular bundles occur in dicot and 4. Closed vascular bundles are found in
gymnosperm stems. leaves and monocot stems.
5. Open vascular bundles can be collateral 5. Closed vascular bundles can be collateral
and bicollateral. or concentric.

(99)
AY2019-20
Solutions
of
Exams)
BIOLOGY
Ans 1. Members of class Cyclostomata bear circular and suctorial mouth devoid of jaws. [1]
Ans 2. (a) Species - On the basis of taxonomical studies, a group of individuals/populations with fundamental
similarities. [½]
(b) Pisum sativum [½]
Ans 3. (a) The pyrimidine base found in RNA, but not in DNA - Uracil. [½]
(b) The pyrimidine base found in DNA, but not in RNA - Thymine. [½]
Ans 4. The other name of intestinal juice is succus entericus. [1]
Ans 5. The volume of air that remains in the lungs even after forceful expiration is called residual volume. It is about
1100 ml to 1200 ml. [1]
Ans 6. (i) Growth : Mitosis is essential for the growth and development of multicellular organisms. [½]
(ii) Maintenance of cell size : Mitosis maintains the size of the cell. An overgrown somatic cell is
induced to divide, so that it maintains a proper surface area to volume ratio, which is essential for proper
functioning of the cell. [½]
(iii) Maintenance of chromosome number (genetic stability) : Mitosis maintains the same type and
number of chromosomes in two daughter cells. [½]
(iv) Repair : Mitosis is a mechanism for replacing old dead and worn out cells by the new cells. [½]
Ans 7. Advantages of five kingdom classification:
(i) Separation of prokaryotes in a separate kingdom Monera because prokaryotes differ from all other
organisms in their genetic, cellular and physiological organisation as well as in reproduction. [1]
(ii) Separation of fungi into a separate kingdom because they unrelated to plants in their own biochemical,
physiological and structural organisation. [1]
Ans 8. Differences:
Marchantia Funaria [½ × 2]
(i) The pant body is thalloid dorsiventral, and closely Leafy gametophyte plant body consists of
appressed to the substratum. upright, slender axis bearing spirally
arranged leaves.
(ii) Asexual reproduction occurs by means of Vegetative reproduction by fragmentation
fragmentation or by the formation of gammae. and budding in the secondary protonema.
(100)
Similarities in Marchantia and Funaria.

(i) They lack true roots, stems or leaves but posses rhizoids.
(ii) The dominant phase or the main plant body is a free-living gametophyte and the sporophyte is born
on the gametophyte. [½ × 2]
Ans 9. (1) Asthma: The disorder is characterised by episodic or chronic wheezing, cough and a feeling of
tightness in the chest as a result of bronchoconstriction. It is associated with airway obstruction,
airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of stimuli. [1]
(2) Emphysema: A chronic degenerative pulmonary disorder that is characterised by loss of elasticity and
damage of the alveolar walls is called emphysema. This loss of elasticity prevents full expansion of
the lungs during breathing. Heavy cigarette smoking is one of the main causes of emphysema. [1]
Ans 10. (i) Contractile Vacuole - Taking part in osmoregulation and excretion [1]
(ii) Food Vacoule - Contain digestive enzymes, with the help of which nutrients are digested. [1]
Ans 11. Chordates [½ × 6 = 3]

Non-Chordates
(1) Notochord is present. (1) Notochord is absent.
(2) Central nervous system is dorsal, hollow (2) Central nervous system is ventral,
and single. solid and double.
(3) Pharynx is perforated by gill slits. (3) Gill slits are absent.
(4) Heart is ventral. (4) Heart is dorsal( if present).
(5) A post anal tail is present. (5) Post anal tail is absent.
(6) Gut is ventral to nerve cord. (6) Gut is dorsal to nerve cord.
Ans 12. Figure - [1]

Labellings - [2]
Seed coat & fruit-wall Endosperm
Aleurone layer
Scutellum
Coleoptile
Plumule
Radicle
Coleorhiza
Fig. : Structure of maize seed
Ans 13. (a) Bark - All tissues exterior to the vascular cambium i.e, periderm, primary cortex, pericycle, primary
and secondary phloem constitute the bark. [1]
(101)
(b) Intrafascicular cambium - The cells of cambium between primary xylem and primary phloem in dicot
stem comprise the Intrafascicular cambium. [1]
(c) Periderm - Phellogen, phellem and phelloderm are collectively known as, periderm (outer protective
secondary tissue). [1]
Ans 14. (a) Viroids: Viroids are infectious RNA particles which are devoid of protein coat. [1]
(b) (i) Phycomycetes : The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic and asexual reproduction takes place
by zoospores or by aplanospores. [½]
(ii) Ascomycetes : Mycelium is branched and septate. Asexual spores are conidia produced
exogenously and sexual spores are ascospores produced endogenously. [½]
(iii) Basidiomycetes : Asexual spores are generally not found. The sex organs are absent but
plasmogamy by fusion of two somatic cells of different strains gives rise to basidium which
produces four basidiospores exogenously. [½]
(iv) Deuteromycetes : They reproduce only by asexual spores known as conidia. The mycelium is
septate and branched. [½]
Ans 15. Distinguishing characters of Phylum Arthropoda are:
(i) Exoskeleton is made up of chitin.
(ii) Arthropods have jointed appendages.
(iii) Various types of respiratory structures are present in different groups of arthropods like gills (aquatic
animals), book-gills (Limulus), book-lungs (spiders, scorpions, etc.), tracheal system (insects).
(iv) Circulatory system is of open type where blood vessels are absent.
(v) Sensory structures like antennae (for touch and smell), eyes (simple and compound), statocysts
(balancing organ) are present.
(vi) Excretory system consists of fine, long blind tubules called malpighian tubules. [½ × 6 = 3]
Ans 16. (a) Economic importance of Algae
(i) Photosynthesis : At least a half of the total carbon dioxide fixation on earth is carried out by algae
through photosynthesis. Being photosynthetic they increase the level of dissolved oxygen in their
immediate environment (as during photosynthesis oxygen is released). It is essential for respiration of
aquatic life. [½]
(ii) Primary producers : Algae are primary producers of energy-rich compounds (food). This form the
basis of food cycles of all aquatic animals. [½]
(iii) Food supplements : Many species of Porphyra (Red algae), Laminaria and Sargassum (Brown
algae) are among the 70 species of marine algae used as food. Certain unicellular algae like
Chlorella and Spirullina are rich in proteins and are used as food supplements even by space
travellers. [½]
(iv) Hydrocolloids : Hydrocolloids are water-holding substances. Certain marine brown and red algae
produce large amounts of hydrocolloids which are used commercially. Algin and carrageen are
hydrocolloids obtained from brown and red algae, respectively. Agar (a hydrocolloid) is one of the
commercial products obtained from Gelidium and Gracilaria and are used to grow microbes and
in preparations of ice-creams and jellies. [½]
(v) Iodine : Fucus and Laminaria are rich sources of iodine. [½]
(b) Phaeophyceae [½]
(102)
Ans 17. [½ × 6 = 3]
Testis
Phallic gland
Seminal vesicle
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Right phallomere
Ventral Phallomere
Gonapophyses
Left phallomere
Reproductive system of male cockroach
Ans 18. Watson-Crick model of DNA
The salient features of B-DNA according to the Watson-Crick model are
(i) DNA molecule consists of two polynucleotide strands which run in opposite directions, i.e, they are
antiparallel. [½]
(ii) The two strands are not coiled upon each other but the double strand is coiled upon itself around a
common axis like spiral staircase. [½]
(iii) Pairing between the nitrogen bases is always specific. Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine
always pairs with cytosine. Once the sequences of bases in one strand of DNA double helix is known,
the sequence of bases in the other strand is also known. This is known as complimentary base pairing. [½]
(iv) The two polynucleotide strands are held together by hydrogen bonding between the bases in opposite
strands. [½]
(v) One end of the strand is called 5' where 5th carbon of the pentose sugar is free and the other end is
called 3' end where 3rd carbon of pentose sugar is free. [½]
(vi) At each base pair the strand turns 36°. One full turn (360°) of the helical strand would have ten
base pairs. [½]
Ans 19. Key is helpful in the identification and classification of an organism based on the similarities and
dissimilarities. Key is a set of alternate characters of different types arranged sequence wise in such a
fashion that by selection and elimination one can quickly find out the name of the organism. [1]
 The keys are based on the set of contrasting characters generally in a pair known as couplet.
Each character of couplet is called lead. [1]
 One has to choose correct option between two statements of characters of definite species so that
the animal or plant is identified accurately. [1]
(103)
Ans 20. Quaternary structure of protein is formed when a protein has more than one polypeptide chain or subunit
and each polypeptide has its own primary, secondary and tertiary structures. The way in which these
individual folded polypeptides are arranged with respect to each other gives the architecture of the quaternary
structure of protein.
Haemoglobin has quaternary structure which consists of four polypeptide chains. [2 + 1]
Ans 21. Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase into trypsin in the small intestine. Trypsin digests proteins into
proteoses and peptones at an alkaline pH of 7.6. The alkalinity of intestinal juice is provided by the bile
coming from liver through common hepatopancreatic duct. [1]
Trypsin activates other proteolytic inactive enzymes like procarboxypeptidase, chymotrypsinogen. Trypsin
is a proteolytic enzyme that hydrolyses proteins, proteoses and peptones into dipeptides. [1]
Trypsin is secreted by exocrine cells of pancreas. [1]
Ans 22. Differences between 70 S and 80 S ribosomes.
70 S Ribosomes 80 S Ribosomes
1. Found in both prokaryotic and 1. Found only in eukaryotic cells.
eukaryotic cells.
2. Found freely in cytoplasm of 2. Found in the cytoplasm freely or
prokaryote or matrix of plastids and attached to ER.
mitochondria of eukaryotes.
3. Made up of two sub-units 30 S and 3. Made up of two sub-units 40 S and
50 S. 60 S.
4. Synthesize in the cytoplasm of 4. Synthesize inside the nucleus.
prokaryotes and matrix of semi- [½ × 6]
autonomous cell organelles.
5. Its protein synthesis is inhibited by 5. Its protein synthesis is not inhibited by
antibiotics. common antibiotics.
6. They have 55 protein molecules. 6. They have 73 protein molecules.
Ans 23. David is working with organism which belongs to Phylum Arthropoda. [1]
Six salient features of cockroach are:
1. Presence of chitinous exoskeleton.
2. Presence of jointed appendages.
3. Presence of segmented body divisible into head, thorax and abdomen.
4. Presence of biting and chewing type of mouth parts – a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae, a labium,
a labrum and a hypopharynx.
5. Presence of two pairs of wings in the thoracic region- mesothoracic or forewings and metathoracic or
hindwings.
6. Presence of a pair of large, black and kidney-shaped compound eyes. [½ × 6 = 3]
Ans 24. (a) Animal cells are enveloped by plasma membrane only while the plant cells are enveloped by both
plasma membrane and a rigid cell wall. For dividing the daughter cells into two halves, plant cells need
to form both plasma membrane and cell wall between them but animal cells need to form only plasma
membrane. That is why, cytokinesis in plant cells cannot be in the same way as it occur in the animal
cells. [1]
(b) In plant cells, the cytokinesis is achieved by the formation of a cell plate. Phragmoplast is formed by
golgi vesicles and grows centrifugally to form cell plate. A plant cell is surrounded by an inextensible
(104)
cell wall, hence it undergoes cytokinesis by a different mechanism than animal cell so, the cell plate
starts from the centre of the cell and moves or grows centrifugally outwards to meet the lateral cell
wall. and divides the cell into two halves. [1]
(c) Centrioles [3]

Centrosomes Centrioles
Centrosphere
Asters
Cell membrane
Nuclear
membrane Chromo-
Chromatin somes
Nucleolus
INTERPHASE LEPTOTENE ZYGOTENE

Nuclear
membrane
(Disappearing)
Synapsis of
homologous
chromosomes
Nucleolus
Crossing over (Disappearing)
PACHYTENE DIPLOTENE DIAKINESIS
Cell 1
Daughter
cells
Chromo-
somes in Cell 2
two equatorial
plates
METAPHASE I ANAPHASE I TELOPHASE I
Different stages of meiosis I
Ans 25. Floral characters of Solanaceae:

Inflorescence : Solitary, axillary or cymose as in Solanum.
Flower : Bisexual, actinomorphic.
Calyx : Sepals five, united, persistent, valvate aestivation, gamosepalous.
Corolla : Petals five, gamopetalous, valvate aestivation.
Androecium : Stamens five, epipetalous, anthers bithecous.
Gynoecium : Bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior with oblique septa, bilocular, placenta swollen
with many ovules, placentation axile. [3]
[2]
Floral diagram (Solanaceae)
(105)
Ans 26. (a) The largest gland of our body is liver. [1]
(b) Organ having both endocrine and exocrine portions is pancreas. [1]
(c) The sphincter that guards the opening of the hepatopancreatic duct into the duodenum is called
sphincter of Oddi. [1]
(d) Digestion starts in the oral cavity of human body. [1]
(e) Each hepatic lobule of liver is covered by a thin connective tissue sheath called Glisson's capsule. [1]

(106)

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Biology (Class XI) Solutions of Model Test Paper-1

(iv) Enzymes of conifers are functional even at –35°C. [½]

Ans 8. 1. Imbricate [½]

Activation energy without enzyme

Activation energy with enzyme

Ans 13. (a) Characteristics of prokaryotic cells:

1. Part of mitochondria. 1. Part of Golgi complex and ER.

Ans 14. (a) (i) Metaphase I [½]

Ans 24. [5]

T.S. : Monocot root

Ans 14. (i) G1 Phase

(b) Direct development Indirect development

for Any two difference [½ + ½]

Ans 17. Three types of muscles are found in human body:

(b) Kwashiorkor Marasmus [½ + ½ + ½]

Ans 22. Modification of leaves:

Ans 4. Cellulose is an example of homopolysaccharide. [1]

Ans 7. (a) Exarch xylem Endarch xylem [½ + ½]

(b) (i) Hemp fibre (Cannabis) [½]

(ii) Jute fibre (Corchorus) [½]

(ii) Simple cuboidal epithelium is present in ducts of glands. [½]

(iii) Excretory organ in cockroach is malpighian tubules. [1]

Ans 14. Archaebacteria

(ii) Tendon Ligament [½ + ½]

Ans 16. [3]

Ans 18. DNA RNA [1+1+1]

Monocot Stem Dicot Stem [1½ + 1½]

Examples: Carrot, Radish, Turnip.

(ii) Nodulated tap root

Examples : Gram, Groundnut, Alfalfa

(iii) Respiratory tap roots:

Examples - Rhizophora, Sonneratia.

(v) It provides quick growth, expansion and contraction of the membrane. [5 × 1]

Ans 26. (i) Sapwood Heartwood [5 × ½]

1. It is outer wood of an old stem. 1. It is the central wood of an old stem.

(ii) Open Vascular Bundle Closed Vascular Bundle [5 × ½]

1. Vascular bundle contains a strip of 1. Intrafascicular cambium is absent .

Similarities in Marchantia and Funaria.

Ans 11. Chordates [½ × 6 = 3]

Ans 12. Figure - [1]

Seed coat & fruit-wall Endosperm

Fig. : Structure of maize seed

Ans 18. Watson-Crick model of DNA

The salient features of B-DNA according to the Watson-Crick model are

(c) Centrioles [3]

INTERPHASE LEPTOTENE ZYGOTENE

Different stages of meiosis I

Ans 25. Floral characters of Solanaceae:

Floral diagram (Solanaceae)

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