Report Lecturer:

Intro To Literature Pipit Rahayu, M.Pd.

INTRO TO LITERATURE

PLOT AND STRUCTURE

ARRANGED BY:
Devi Kurniawati (1832007)
Dewi Prasetya Ningrum (1832007)
Melia Yunita Anggun SN (1832016)
Nurma Sari (183200)

EDUCATION OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF PASIR PENGARAIAN
2019
 PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us.

Thanks to God for helping me and give me chance to finish this assighment timely. And I would
like to say thank you to Ms. Pipit Rahayu,M.Pd as the lecturer that always teaches us and give
much knowledge about how to practice English well.

This assighment is the one of English task that intro to literature of Plot and Structure. I realized
this assighment is not perfect. But I hope it can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed
here to make this assighment be better.

Hopefully we as a student in English Study Pogram can work more professional by using
English as the second language whatever we done. Thank you.

Masda Makmur, august 26, 2019

Author

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 TABLE LIST OF CONTENT

PREFACE …………………………………………………………………………………..i
TABLE LIST OF CONTENT ………………………………………………………………ii
DEFINITION OF PLOT ……………………………………………………………………1
TYPES OF LINEAR PLOT……………………………………………………………….1-2
PYRAMID PLOT STRUCTURE……………………………………………………………2
PRYMARY ELEMENT OF A PLOT……………………………………………………….2-3
FUNCTION OF PLOTT ……………………………………………………………………3
STRUCTURE………………………………………………………………………………3-4
BLYBIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………………5

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 A. Definition of Plot
Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows the a causal
arrangement of events and actions within a story. Plot, the action element in fiction, is the
arrangement of events that make up a story. a story's plot keeps us turning pages; we read to find
out what will happen next.

But for a plot to be effective, it must include a sequence of incidents that bear a
significant casual relationship to each other. causality is an important feature of realistic fictional
plots; it simply mean; that one thing happens because of-as a result of-something else.

B. Types of Linear Plot

 A Dramatic or Progressive Plot: This is a chronological structure which first

establishes the setting and conflict, then follows the rising action through to a climax
(the peak of the action and turning point), and concludes with a denouement (a
wrapping up of loose ends).

 An Episodic Plot: This is also a chronological structure, but it consists of a series of

loosely related incidents, usually of chapter length, tied together by a common theme
and/or characters. Episodic plots work best when the writer wishes to explore the
personalities of the characters, the nature of their existence, and the flavor of an era.

 A Parallel Plot: The writer weaves two or more dramatic plots that are usually linked
by a common character and a similar theme.

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  A Flashback: This structure conveys information about events that occurred earlier. It
permits authors to begin the story in the midst of the action but later fill in the
background for full understanding of the present events. Flashbacks can occur more
than once and in different parts of a story.

C. Pyramid Plot Structure

The most basic and traditional form of plot is pyramid-shaped. This structure has been
described in more detail by Aristotle and by Gustav Freytag.
1. Aristotle’s Unified Plot
The basic triangle-shaped plot structure was described by Aristotle in 350 BCE.
Aristotle used the beginning, middle, and end structure to describe a story that moved
along a linear path, following a chain of cause and effect as it works toward the
solution of a conflict or crisis.

2. Freytag’s Plot Structure

Freytag modified Aristotle’s system by adding a rising action (or complication) and a
falling action to the structure. Freytag used the five-part design shown above to
describe a story’s plot.

3. Modified Plot Structure

Freytag’s Pyramid is often modified so that it extends slightly before and after the
primary rising and falling action. You might think of this part of the chart as similar
to the warm-up and cool-down for the story.

D. Primary Element of a Plot

Many fictional plots turn on a conflict, or struggle between opposing forces, that is usually
resolved by the end of the story. There are five main element in a plot;

1. Exposition or Introduction
This is the beginning of the story, where characters and setting are established. The
conflict or main problem is introduced as well. The mood and conditions existing at the
beginning of the story. The setting is identified. The main characters with their positions,
circumstances and relationships to one another are established. The exciting force or
initial conflict is introduced. Sometimes called the “Narrative HOOK” this begins the
conflict that continues throughout the story.

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 2. Rising Action
Rising action which occurs when a series of events build up to the conflict. The main
characters are established by the time the rising action of a plot occurs, and at the same
time, events begin to get complicated. It is during this part of a story that excitement,
tension, or crisis is encountered. The series of events, conflicts, and crises in the story
that lead up to the climax, providing the progressive intensity, and complicate the
conflict.

3. Climax
The turning point of the story. A crucial event takes place and from this point forward,
the protagonist moves toward his inevitable end. The event may be either an action or a
mental decision that the protagonist makes.In the climax, or the main point of the plot,
there is turning point of the story. This is meant to be the moment of highest interest and
emotion, leaving the reader wondering what is going to happen next.
4. Falling Action
Falling action, or the winding up of the story, occurs when events and complication begin
to resolve. The result of the actions of the main characters are put forward The events
occurring from the time of the climax to the end of the story. The main character may
encounter more conflicts in this part of the story, but the end is inevitable..
5. Resolution
The tying up of loose ends and all of the threads in the story. The conclusion. The hero
character either emerges triumphant or is defeated at this point. Resolution, or the
conclusion, is the end of a story, which may occur with either a happy or a tragic ending.

E. Function of plot
A plot is one of the most important parts of a story, and has many different purpose. Firstly,
the plot focuses attention on the important characters and their roles in the story. It motivates the
characters to affect the story, and connects the events in an orderly manner. The plot creates a
desire for the reader to go on reading by absorbing them in the middle of the story, ensuring they
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want to know what happens next.
The plot leads to the climax, but by gradually releasing the story in order to maintain
readers’ interest. During the plot of a book, a reader gets emotionally involved, connecting with
the book, not allowing himself to put the book down. Eventually, the plot reveals the entire story,
giving the reader a sense of completion that he has finished the story and reached a conclusion.
The plot is what forms a memory in readers mind, allowing them to think about the book
and even making them want to read it again. By identifying and understanding the plot, the
reader is able to understand the message being coveyed by the author, and the explicit or implicit
moral of the story.

F. Structure
Structure is important in fiction for a number of reasons. it satisfies our need for order, for
proportions, for arrangement. a story's ymmeetry or balance of details may please us, as may its
alternation of moments of tension and relaxation. consider the structure of "the prodigal son"
with its various balances and parallels. it begins and ends with a father together with his sons, it
includes repeated statements by both father and prodigal son, and it substitutes the discontent of
one son for the discontent of the other. such balances make the story's form aesthetically
pleasing. but structure is important for another reason; it provides a clue to a story's meaning.
We can be alert for a story's structure even us we read it for the first time, primarily by
paying attention to repeated elements and recurrent details- of action gesture, of dialogue and
description- and to shifts in direction and changes of focus. repetition signals important connect
ons and relationships in the story, relationships between characters, connections between ideas,
shifts in direction are often signaled by such visual or aural clues a change of scene, a new voice,
blank space in the text. they may also include changes in the time and place of the action or
alterations in character entrances and exits or in their behavior, or they may appear as changes in
the pace of the story, and in its texture or language.

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 BLYBIOGRAPHY

https://literarydevices.net/plot/