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Three Phase Transformers
Three Phase Transformers
The equipment described in this document is not intended to be used in connection with any
application requiring fail-safe performance, unless the application design includes appropriate
redundancy. This exclusion includes, but is not limited to, the direct operation of any life support
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Copyright 2012 by Gamatronic Electronic Industries Ltd. All rights reserved worldwide.
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Gamatronic Electronic Industries Ltd. reserves the right, without prior notice or liability, to make changes in equipment design or
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assumed by Gamatronic Electronic Industries Ltd. for the use thereof nor for the rights of third parties which may be affected in any way by
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: A SIMPLE TRANSFORMER ...............................................................................................1
FIGURE 2: A 3-PHASE TRANSFORMER CORE ...................................................................................3
FIGURE 3: THREE PRIMARY WINDINGS IN DELTA AND THREE SECONDARY WINDINGS IN WYE .............4
FIGURE 4: GENERALIZED TRANSFORMER SCHEMATIC, DELTA-WYE CONFIGURATION .........................6
FIGURE 5: GENERALIZED TRANSFORMER SCHEMATIC, WYE-WYE CONFIGURATION ...........................7
LIST OF TABLES
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1. INTRODUCTION TO TRANSFORMERS
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils (windings). The transformer's coils are
usually wound around a metal centerpiece – the core. Passing alternating current (ac) through
the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a
varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces an ac
voltage in the secondary winding. This effect is called inductive coupling.
Figure 1 illustrates a simple, ideal transformer. Ac current passing through the primary coil
creates a varying magnetic field. The primary and secondary coils are wrapped around a core of
very high magnetic permeability, such as iron, so that most of the magnetic flux passes through
both the primary and secondary coils. If a load is connected to the secondary winding, an electric
current will flow in the secondary winding and electrical energy will be transferred from the
primary circuit through the transformer to the load. In an ideal transformer, the induced voltage in
the secondary winding (Vs) is in proportion to the primary voltage (Vp), and is given by the ratio
of the number of turns in the secondary (Ns) to the number of turns in the primary (Np) as
follows:
By using the appropriate ratio of turns, a transformer can increase an ac voltage by making
Ns greater than Np, or decrease ac voltage by making Ns less than Np.
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There exist a number of regional, national, and local deviations from the abovelisted standards.
For example, in the U.S., the city of Los Angeles requires the use of tamperproof thermal
protection and nonflammable materials in transformers, due the region's high seismic activity.
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As can be seen, the three-phase transformer actually has 6 windings (or coils) 3 primary and 3
secondary. In power applications, these windings are usually connected in one of two
configurations: Delta or Wye.
In a Delta connection, there are three phases and no Neutral. An output Delta connection can
supply a three-phase load.
In a Wye connection, there are three phases and a Neutral. An output Wye connection enables
the transformer to supply a three-phase voltage (say 3x400 Vac) and also a voltage for single-
phase loads, namely the voltage between any phase and Neutral (in this example 230 Vac). The
Neutral point can also be grounded to provide greater safety.
When circumstances permit, most industry professionals prefer to use the Delta input Wye
output connection for connecting a 3-phase transformer connection in power distribution
applications.
If the transformer secondary supplies large amounts of unbalanced loads, the delta primary
winding provides a better current balance for the primary source.
The Delta-Wye connection is used to create a common output neutral, when no such neutral
exists in the line. This type of connection also supresses noise from the line to the secondary.
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Figure 3: Three primary windings in Delta and three secondary windings in Wye
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2.1 Features
• Gamatronic offers a wide selection of 3-phase isolation transformers. Standard models are
available in a range from 6 to 150 kVA, larger and smaller units are available on request.
• On customer request, Gamatronic can suppy transformers capable of accepting a range of
input voltages and supplying any one of multiple output voltages: for example, 200 / 220 /
240 Vac. The voltage setting is modified by a switch or by a simple rewiring performed by
the customer.
• Standard input and output voltages for the isolation transformers are 3x400 Vac, 50 Hz.
Other voltages and frequencies are available on request.
• When appropriate, the transformers are equipped with one or more fans for cooling.
• Temperature sensors for each phase of the transformer are available as an option. In the
event that one or more sensors detect a temperature over a specific threshold, the
transformer automatically disconnects from the input supply.
• Gamatronic's isolation transformers are usually housed in a metal cabinet. The transformer's
input and output terminals are protected from operator access during normal operation. The
cabinet includes a protective earth connection.
• Optionally, the cabinet includes four rubber wheels. The two front wheels have stoppers
which, when deployed, prevent the cabinet from rolling.
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1. Verify that the circuit breaker on the feed board for the transformer input line
is rated for at least 10 x Inominal, to eliminate the influence of current transients.
2. Ensure that the feed cables are voltage free before beginning installation and that the feed
circuit breaker will remain in the OFF position.
3. Verify that the transformer's input circuit breaker is in the OFF position.
4. Connect the transformer's input ground cable to the building ground system.
5. Connect the input line from the feed board to the transformer's input terminals.
6 Connect the transformer's output phases to the load, including the ground terminal.
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3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
15–250 kVA Isolation Transformers, 3x400 Vac, 50 Hz
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
INPUT / OUTPUT
Frequency 1 50 Hz.
Notes:
1. Additional input and output voltages and frequencies available.
2. Other topologies also available; e.g., Delta-Wye, Delta-Delta.
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NOMINAL
6 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 250
TRANSFORMER POWER (KVA)
Efficiency (%) 96.51 96.85 97.21 97.3 97.5 97.82 97.85 97.98 98.02 98.2 98.29 98.38
Iron type EI 250 EI 250 EI 300 EI 300 EI 400 EI 400 EI 400 EI 400 EI 500 EI 500 EI 500 EI 500
Winding** AL AL AL AL AL AL AL AL AL AL Cu Cu
Cabinet height (mm) 450 450 450 500 600 600 600 600 700 700 800 800
Cabinet width (mm) 450 450 450 500 550 700 700 700 800 800 800 800
Cabinet depth (mm) 300 300 300 320 320 350 350 350 350 400 400 400
Transformer net weight (kg) 45.4 72.7 92.4 101.7 128.9 185.1 198.1 231 261.2 384.4 410.1 568.2
* The data in this table are for reference only. The actual data may vary, depending on system configuration.
** AL stands for aluminum winding wire.
Cu stands for copper winding wire.
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