Social Media

1. Local Literature

A.) According to Cuerdo, Ruth Ann P. “Everyone has the right to freedom of expression; this right

includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information

and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers” according to Article 19 of the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights. Ideally that was the case, but what happens when this right to

freedom becomes hampered in a country that was ironically deemed as being the freest in Asia.

The Philippine media has been known for its “long tradition of respect for free expression” which

we could be traced back during the American period of administration where the freedom of the

press was said to be recognized (Pineda-Ofreneo, as cited in ARTICLE 19 & Center for Media

Freedom & Responsibility [CMFR], 2005). This commitment to free expression, right to

information and freedom of the press was then continued in the first Philippine Republic (Malolos

Constitution in 1899) that was about more than a hundred years ago, and was expanded through the

succeeding Constitutions in the country (Teodoro & Kabatay, cited in ARTICLE 19 & CMFR,

2005). Even today, the right to freedom of expression that was supposed to claim as our right is

still continually being challenged to the extent of being defied by the culture of impunity in the

Philippines. One extreme and alarming manifestation of the challenges in relation to fully

observing our right to freedom of expression is the longstanding, ongoing and inflaming

extrajudicial killings of our media practitioners.

B.) According to COLOMA, Jr. (UNESCO, 2012), the responses to the killings that have

happened related to the media such as the training of journalists on safety and ethics, providing

support to families of slain journalists, monitoring and documentation. These actions were
employed by different media advocacy groups in the country such as the Philippine Press Institute

(PPI), Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR), Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng

Pilipinas (National Association of Broadcasters), National Union of Journalists of the Philippines

(NUJP), National Press Club (NPC) etc. Most of what was mentioned, were just actions that may

prevent the damage that was already brought by the violence against the media, what we are still

lacking was the effective implementation of the concrete action toward finally putting a period in

the longstanding occurrences of media killings in the country Ampatuan Maguindanao Massacre,

an incident that will forever be marked in the history of media violence. It has been more than four

years since 58 people were slaughtered, including 32 media workers, an incident that we could

relate to electoral violence leading also to media violence. Yet, in those four years, the injustice

still remains, along with the persisting killings of media practitioners. Looking at these particular

case of long withstanding injustice among others, we can say that this was not just an isolated

problem, this was a problem not just felt by the people that were directly affected, this was a

problem that we can traced back not to a single mastermind or individual but rather to the system

of governance that in a way allowed the “corrupt politicians and warlords to flourish in the regions

and provinces in exchange for their loyalty and support” (NUJP, 2013).

C.) Through interviews with journalists from four top online newsroom in the Philippine, this

study examined the organizational arrangements surrounding social media teams and how these

influence social media being incorporated into journalism decisions. Organizations considered

audience preference in their editorial decisions, but they depended on arrangements surrounding

social media teams. Some organizational arrangements included inclusion of social media editors

in story conferences and meetings, collaboration between reporters and social media teams, and

direct exposure of top editors to engagement analytics. Drivers of news organization incorporating
social media into newsmaking processes include mass-market orientation, primacy of digital over

print/television news formats, and history of a legacy brand.

1. Local Studies

A.) Rejie D. Astodello from Tabuk City, Kalinga said that People all over the world have been

enjoying the benefits of using technology nowadays. But now these barriers can no longer stop the

flow of information and knowledge because now the new world of social networking allows free

sharing of thoughts through online social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and

the like. Since students are highly motivated to using social media sites the majority of them use

these to satisfy their social needs more than their academic needs. They have the freedom to do

whatever they want – they can upload or download data, they can make new friends and comment on

other people’s lives, and they can even create other online identities the real world does not allow. It

has been observed too that the majority of the students nowadays, particularly those in the secondary

level, spend most of their time chatting with their acquaintances, playing online games, and watching

videos instead of reading their lessons, making their assignments, and other academic requirements.

The main reason is when they work or search their materials online they get attracted to social

networking sites to kill boredom during study time, diverting their attention from their work. The

darker side of this that has gained the attention of many parents is that some students are getting

lazier and are no longer interested in going to school. This is probably due to being extensively

indulged to get global access and therefore leading them to perform less academically. As a result,

almost 85 percent of them were able cope with their academic difficulties and at least 65 to 75

percent of the class obtained the average level of performance. However, students should be

encouraged to limit the time they spend on social media sites.

 B.) Remedios C. Kulidtod from University of Southern Mindanao, Philippines noted that Students

consume a lot of time on social networking sites especially the adolescents. They are involved in

uploading/downloading, getting information related to their academic or future career, chatting with

friends and watching online movies (Kanagarathinam, 2014). Twitter is one of the most important media

companies in the world. It is now one of the top 10 most visited sites. With more than 500 million users,

the students can find teachers, schools, and perhaps more important professionals, lead publications in

their areas of interest. In other words, knowledge on the social networking media is a basic asset that a

students nowadays must possesses in order to survive in his chosen volition. social media has several

effects on academic work, some are more positive than others. But with around 96% of all students on

Facebook, only the most dedicated academics would consider giving up social media for a slightly better

GPA. Also, social media may have a positive impact on students’ sense of themselves in the community.

Social media-using students were twice as likely as other students to feel well-liked by their peers and to

participate in extracurricular activities. However, negative effects abound.

C.)According to Josan D. Tamayo, and Giselle G. Dela Cruz Social Media users largely are from

Teens and Generation Y (internet users age 18-32), They are the most likely groups to use the internet for

entertainment and for communicating with friends and family. These younger generations are

significantly more likely than their older counterparts to seek entertainment through online videos, online

games Internet users ages 12-32 are more likely than older users to read other people’s blogs and to write

their own; they are also considerably more likely than older generations to use social networking sites and

to create profiles on those sites. Younger internet users often use personal blogs to update friends on their

lives, and they use social networking sites to keep track of and communicate with friends. Teen and

Generation Y users are also significantly more likely than older generations to send instant messages to

friends. By a large margin, teen internet users’ favorite online activity is game playing; 78% of 12-17

year-old internet users play games online,4 compared with 73% of online teens who email, the second

most popular activity for this age group. Online teens are also significantly more likely to play games than
any other generation, including Generation Y, only half (50%) of whom play online games. Social Media

is public in nature and the decision to post videos, pictures, thoughts, experiences, and observations to

Social Networking sites is personal, a single act can create far reaching ethical consequences for

individuals. Students and youngsters are sometimes not mindful of what are private and public in Social

Networking sites. Several issues and concerns are being publicized for the citizens to be aware of the risks

of posting private information on the Social Networks, yet some are giving them a shrug on their

shoulders.
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