LABORATORIUM HIDROLIKA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN SIPIL

UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA

TABEL PENGAMATAN PERCOBAAN C4 -A/B

( ALIRAN MELALUI PINTU SORONG )

I. DATA ALAT
Lebar Saluran : 8 cm

II . DATA PENGAMATAN
1. UNTUK DEBIT AIR TETAP TEMPERATUR AIR : 31 ᵒc
Debit Muka Air ( cm ) Loncatan Air ( cm )
No.
( Liter / Dtk ) Yg Y0 Y1 Ya Xa Yb Xb Yc Xc
1 2.5 16.7 1.5 3.7 421 6.5 436 7.7 475
2 2.7 13.5 1.6 4.0 413 6.6 421 7.8 475
3 3.0 2.9 12.2 1.7 4.3 434 6.7 418 7.9 475
4 3.1 11.0 1.9 4.4 495 6.9 416 8.0 475
5 3.3 10.0 2.0 4.5 393 7.0 433 8.2 475

2. UNTUK DEBIT AIR BERUBAH TEMPERATUR AIR : 31 ᵒc

Debit Muka Air ( cm ) Loncatan Air ( cm )
No.
( Liter / Dtk ) Yg Y0 Y1 Ya Xa Yb Xb Yc Xc
1 3.2 18.8 1.4 3.1 428 5.7 442 7.0 475
2 3.0 18.6 1.3 2.6 425 5.5 442 6.9 475
3 2.8 2.3 18.5 1.3 2.4 425 5.3 442 6.7 475
4 2.6 17.5 1.3 2.3 425 5.0 442 6.5 475
5 2.4 11.4 1.3 2.1 385 4.9 415 6.2 475

Group : VIII / 8 Makassar, 2014

No. Nama Stambuk Asisten

1 Bambang Saputra 031 2012 0001 Laboratorium Hidrolika
2 Ince Abd. Jalil 031 2012 0021
3 Ryan Achmady 031 2012 0024
4 Nur Indah Izza Arifa 031 2012 0050
5 Syam Surya Harun 031 2012 0085 ( Krista Budi Nurcahyo )
ANALISA PERHITUNGAN

1. Perhitungan Air Normal

A. Untuk Debit ( Q ) Tetap ( Yg ) Berubah
Diketahui :
Q = 3 liter/s = 3000 cm³/s
B = 8.0 cm
g = 9.81 m/s2 = 981 cm/s²
ρ = 995.4 g/cm3 = 0.9954 kg/m³

1. Menghitung Nilai Yg/Y0

Yg 2.5
=
Y0 16.7
= 0.1497

2. Menghitung Koefisien Kontraksi ( Cc )

Y1
Cc =
Yg
1.5
=
2.5
= 0.6000

3. Menghitung Koefisien Kekentalan ( Cv )

Y0/Y1.√Cc + 1
Cv = x Q
B x Y1√2.g.Y0
16.7 / 1.5 √ 0.6000 + 1
= x 3000
8.0 x 1.5 √ 2 x 981 x 16.7
= 19.4499

4. Menghitung Kecepatan Air DiHilir ( V0 ) dan Kecepatan Air Di

Belakang Pintu ( V1 )

Q Q
V0 = V1 =
B x Y0 B x Y1
3000 3000
= =
8.0 x 16.7 8.0 x 1.5
= 22.4551 cm/s = 250.0000 cm/s
5. Menghitung Harga Tinggi Saluran Rencana ( H 0 , H1 )

V0 ²
H0 = Y0 +
2.g
22.4551
= 16.7 +
2 x 981
= 16.9570 cm

V1 ²
H1 = Y1 +
2.g
250.0000
= 1.5 +
2 x 981
= 33.3552 cm

6. Menghitung Harga Gaya Dorong Pintu ( ƒg )

Y1 ². ρ . gY0 ² ρ . Q² Y1
ƒg = - 1-
2 Y1 ² B² . Y1 Y0
1.5 x 0.9954 x 981 16.7 0.9954 x 3000 ² 1.5
= - 1-
2 1.5 8.0 ² x 1.5 16.7
= 1098.5483 123.9511 - 93318.7500 0.9102

= 136166.2702 - 84938.7263

= 51227.5439 gr.cm/s²

= 0.5123 kg.m/s²

7. Menghitung Gaya Hidrostatik (ƒh )

ρ . g . ( Y0 – Yg )²
ƒh =
2
0.9954 x 981 ( 16.7 - 2.5 )²
=
2
= 98449.4597 gr.cm/s²

= 0.9845 kg.m/s²
8. Menghitung Nilai Rumus Persamaan Grafik Linier

ƒg 0.5123
=
ƒh 0.9845
= 0.5204

9. Perhitungan Tabel

Q v ( cm/s )
No. Yg/Y0 Cc Cv
( cm³) v0 v1
1 0.1497 0.6000 19.4499 22.4551 250.0000
2 0.2000 0.5926 15.3342 27.7778 234.3750
3 3000 0.2377 0.5862 12.8867 30.7377 220.5882
4 0.2818 0.6129 9.8781 34.0909 197.3684
5 0.3300 0.6061 8.4822 37.5000 187.5000

H0 H1 ƒg ƒh
No. ƒg / ƒh
( cm ) ( cm ) kg.m/s² kg.m/s²
1 16.9570 33.3552 0.5123 0.9845 0.5204
2 13.8933 29.5978 0.1186 0.6914 0.1715
3 12.6816 26.5008 0.0180 0.5383 0.0334
4 11.5923 21.7544 -0.0185 0.4038 -0.0458
5 10.7167 19.9186 -0.0717 0.3125 -0.2294

ƒg ƒh x.y x²
No.
(x) (y) ( m²) ( m²)
1 0.5123 0.9845 0.5044 0.2625
2 0.1186 0.6914 0.0820 0.0141
3 0.0180 0.5383 0.0097 0.0003
4 -0.0185 0.4038 -0.0075 0.0003
5 -0.0717 0.3125 -0.0224 0.0051
Σ 0.5587 2.9305 0.5662 0.2823
Rumus Persamaan Grafik Linier

y = A–B.x
n . Σxy – Σx . Σy
B =
n . Σx² – ( Σx )²
5 x 0.5662 - 0.5587 x 2.9305
=
5 x 0.2823 - 0.5587 ²
= 1.0858

Σy – Σx . B
A =
n
2.9305 - 0.5587 x 1.0858
A =
5
A = 0.4648

Jika y = A + B . x, maka
x y
0 0.4648
1 1.5506
2 2.6365
3 3.7223
4 4.8082
5 5.8940
B. Untuk Debit ( Q ) Berubah ( Yg ) Tetap
Diketahui :
Q= 3.2 liter/s = 3200 cm³/s
B= 8.0 cm
g= 9.81 m/s2 = 981 cm/s²
ρ = 995.4 g/cm3 = 0.9954 kg/m³

1. Menghitung Nilai Yg/Y0

Yg 2.3
=
Y0 18.8
= 0.1223

2. Menghitung Koefisien Kontraksi ( Cc )

Y1
Cc =
Yg
1.4
=
2.3
= 0.6087

3. Menghitung Koefisien Kekentalan ( Cv )

Y0/Y1.√Cc + 1
Cv = x Q
B x Y1√2.g.Y0
18.8 / 1.4 √ 0.6087 + 1
= x 3200
8.0 x 1.4 √ 2 x 981 x 18.8
= 25.3379

4. Menghitung Kecepatan Air DiHilir ( V0 ) dan Kecepatan Air Di

Belakang Pintu ( V1 )

Q Q
V0 = V1 =
B x Y0 B x Y1
3200 3200
= =
8.0 x 18.8 8.0 x 1.4
= 21.2766 cm/s = 285.7143 cm/s
5. Menghitung Harga Tinggi Saluran Rencana ( H 0 , H1 )

V0 ²
H0 = Y0 +
2.g
21.2766
= 18.8 +
2 x 981
= 19.0307 cm

V1 ²
H1 = Y1 +
2.g
285.7143
= 1.4 +
2 x 981
= 43.0069 cm

6. Menghitung Harga Gaya Dorong Pintu ( ƒg )

Y1 ². ρ . gY0 ² ρ . Q² Y1
ƒg = - 1-
2 Y1 ² B² . Y1 Y0
1.4 x 0.9954 x 981 18.8 0.9954 x 3200 ² 1.4
= - 1-
2 1.4 8.0 ² x 1.4 18.8
= 956.9577 180.3265 - 113760.0000 0.9255

= 172564.8327 - 105284.8800

= 67279.9527 gr.cm/s²

= 0.6728 kg.m/s²

7. Menghitung Gaya Hidrostatik (ƒh )

ρ . g . ( Y0 – Yg )²
ƒh =
2
0.9954 x 981 ( 18.8 - 2.3 )²
=
2
= 132924.3473 gr.cm/s²

= 1.3292 kg.m/s²
8. Menghitung Nilai Rumus Persamaan Grafik Linier

ƒg 0.6728
=
ƒh 1.3292
= 0.5062

9. Perhitungan Tabel

Q v ( cm/s )
No. Yg/Y0 Cc Cv
( cm³) v0 v1
1 3200 0.1223 0.6087 25.3379 21.2766 285.7143
2 3000 0.1237 0.5652 27.0296 20.1613 288.4615
3 2800 0.1243 0.5652 25.1597 18.9189 269.3077
4 2600 0.1314 0.5652 22.7224 18.5714 250.0000
5 2400 0.2018 0.5652 16.9287 17.2421 230.7692

H0 H1 ƒg ƒh
No. ƒg / ƒh
( cm ) ( cm ) kg.m/s² kg.m/s²
1 19.0307 43.0069 0.6728 1.3292 0.5062
2 18.8072 43.7108 0.6876 1.2972 0.5301
3 18.6824 38.2657 0.7990 1.2813 0.6236
4 17.6758 33.1552 0.7466 1.1280 0.6619
5 17.5515 28.4429 0.8406 1.1132 0.7551

ƒg ƒh x.y x²
No.
(x) (y) ( m²) ( m²)
1 0.6728 1.3292 0.8943 0.4527
2 0.6876 1.2972 0.8920 0.4728
3 0.7990 1.2813 1.0238 0.6384
4 0.7466 1.1280 0.8422 0.5574
5 0.8406 1.1132 0.9358 0.7066
Σ 3.7466 6.1489 4.5881 2.8279
Rumus Persamaan Grafik Linier

y = A–B.x
n . Σxy – Σx . Σy
B=
n . Σx² – ( Σx )²
5 x 4.5881 - 3.7466 x 6.1489
=
5 x 2.8279 - 3.7466 ²
= -0.0995

Σy – Σx . B
A =
n
6.1489 - 3.7466 x -0.0995
A =
5
A = 1.3043

Jika y = A + B . x, maka
x y
0 1.3043
1 1.2048
2 1.1053
3 1.0058
4 0.9063
5 0.8068
2. Perhitungan Air Loncat
A. Untuk Debit ( Q ) Tetap, ( Yg ) Berubah
Diketahui :
Q= 3 liter/s = 3000 cm³/s
B= 8.0 cm
g= 9.81 m/s2 = 981 cm/s²
ρ = 995.4 g/cm3 = 0.9954 kg/m³

1. Menghitung Debit (qL ) Persatuan Lebar

Q
qL =
B
3000
=
8
= 375.0 cm²/s

2. Menghitung Kedalaman Kritis ( Yc )

3 qL
Yc =
g

3 375.0
=
981

= 5.2338

3. Menghitung Energi Kritis ( Ec)

3 . Yc
Ec =
2
3 x 5.2338
=
2
= 7.8507

4. Menghitung Kecepatan Tiap Titik ( V )

Q
Va =
A
Q 3000
= =
B . Ya 8.0 x 3.7
= 101.3514 cm/s
 Q
Vb =
A
Q 3000
= =
B . Yb 8.0 x 6.5
= 57.6923 cm/s
Q
Vc =
A
Q 3000
= =
B . Yc 8.0 x 7.7
= 48.7013 cm/s

5. Menghitung Energi Spesifik ( Es )

Va² Vc²
Esa = + Ya Esc = + Yc
2.g 2.g
101.351 ² 48.701 ²
= + 3.7 = + 7.7
2 x 981 2 x 981
= 8.9355 cm = 8.9089 cm

Vb²
Esb = + Yb
2.g
57.692 ²
= + 6.5
2 x 981
= 8.1964 cm

6. Menghitung Bilangan Froude ( Fr )

Va Vc
Fra = Frc =
√ g . Ya √ g . Yc
101.3514 48.7013
= =
√ 981 x 3.7 √ 981 x 7.7
= 1.6823 = 0.5604

Vb
Frb =
√ g . Yb
57.6923
=
√ 981 x 6.5
= 0.7225
7. Perhitungan Yb/Ya

Yb 1
Yahitung = 2 (-1 +1 + 8 . Fra²)
1
= ( -1 + 1 + 8 x 1.6823 ² )
2
= 1.9311

Yb Yb
Yaukur = Ya
6.5
=
3.7
= 1.7568

8. Perhitungan L/Y

L Xa L Xc
= =
Ya Ya Yc Yc
421 475
= =
3.7 7.7
= 113.78 = 61.69

L Xb
=
Yb Yb
436
=
6.5
= 67.08

9. Perhitungan Kehilangan Energi ( ∆H 1 )

( Yb – Ya )²
∆H1=
( 4 . Ya . Yb )
( 6.5 - 3.7 ) ²
=
( 4 x 3.7 - 6.5 )
= 0.0815
10. Perhitungan Tabel

Q qL v ( cm/s )
No. Ycr Ecr
cm³/s cm³/s va vb vc
1 101.3514 57.6923 48.7013
2 93.7500 56.8182 48.0769
3 3000 375.0 5.2338 7.8507 87.2093 55.9701 47.4684
4 85.2273 54.3478 46.8750
5 83.3333 53.5714 45.7317

Es L/Y
∆H
Esa Esb Esc Xa/Ya Xb/Yb Xc/Yc
0.0815 8.9355 8.1964 8.9089 113.78 67.08 61.69
0.0640 8.4796 8.2454 8.9781 103.25 63.79 60.9
0.0500 8.1764 8.2967 9.0484 100.93 62.39 60.13
0.0515 8.1022 8.4054 9.1199 112.50 60.29 59.38
0.0496 8.0395 8.4627 9.2659 87.33 61.86 57.93

Fr Yb/Ya
a b c Hitung Ukur
1.6823 0.7225 0.5604 1.9311 1.7568
1.4966 0.7061 0.5496 1.6748 1.6500
1.3427 0.6904 0.5392 1.4636 1.5581
1.2972 0.6606 0.5291 1.4014 1.5682
0.8063 0.6465 0.5099 0.7451 1.5556

11. Tabel Perhitungan Persamaan Last Quarts

Yb/Yahitung Yb/Yaukur xy x²
No.
(x) (y) m² m²
1 1.9311 1.7568 3.3926 3.7291
2 1.6748 1.65 2.7634 2.8050
3 1.4636 1.5581 2.2804 2.1421
4 1.4014 1.5682 2.1977 1.9639
5 0.7451 1.5556 1.1591 0.5552
Σ 7.2160 8.0970 11.8021 11.1953
Rumus Persamaan Grafik Linier
y = A+B.x

n . Σxy – Σx . Σy
B =
n . Σx² – ( Σx )²
5 x 11.8021 - 7.2160 x 8.0970
=
5 x 11.1953 - 7.2160 ²
= 0.1491

Σy – Σx . B
A=
n
8.0970 - 7.2160 x 0.1491
=
5
= 1.4042

Jika y = A + B . x, maka
x y
0 0.1491
1 1.5533
2 1.7024
3 1.8515
4 2.0006
5 2.1497
B. Untuk Debit ( Q ) Berubah, ( Yg ) Tetap
Diketahui :
Q= 3.2 liter/s = 3200 cm³/s
B= 8.0 cm
g= 9.81 m/s2 = 981 cm/s²
ρ = 995.4 g/cm3 = 0.9954 kg/m³

1. Menghitung Debit (qL ) Persatuan Lebar

Q
qL =
B
3200
=
8.0
= 400.0 cm²/s

2. Menghitung Kedalaman Kritis ( Yc )

3 qL
Yc =
g

3 400 2
=
981

= 5.4636

3. Menghitung Energi Kritis ( Ec)

3 . Yc
Ec =
2
3 x 5.4636
=
2
= 8.1954

4. Menghitung Kecepatan Tiap Titik ( V )

Q
Va =
A
Q 3200
= =
B . Ya 8.0 x 3.1
= 129.0323 cm/s
 Q
Vb =
A
Q 3200
= =
B . Yb 8.0 x 5.7
= 70.1754 cm/s
Q
Vc =
A
Q 3200
= =
B . Yc 8.0 x 7
= 57.1429 cm/s

5. Menghitung Energi Spesifik ( Es )

Va² Vc²
Esa = + Ya Esc = + Yc
2.g 2.g
129.0323 ² 57.1429 ²
= + 3.1 = + 7.0
2 x 981 2 x 981
= 11.5859 cm = 8.6643 cm

Vb²
Esb = + Yb
2.g
70.1754 ²
= + 5.7
2 x 981
= 8.2100 cm

6. Menghitung Bilangan Froude ( Fr )

Va Vc
Fra = Frc =
√ g . Ya √ g . Yc
129.0323 57.1429
= =
√ 981 x 3.1 √ 981 x 7.0
= 2.3398 = 0.6896

Vb
Frb =
√ g . Yb
70.1754
=
√ 981 x 5.7
= 0.9385
7. Perhitungan Yb/Ya

Yb 1
Yahitung = 2 (-1 +1 + 8,0 . Fra²)
1
= ( -1 + 1 + 8.0 x 2.3398 ² )
2
= 2.8465

Yb Yb
Yaukur = Ya
5.7
=
3.1
= 1.8400

8. Perhitungan L/Y

L Xa L Xc
= =
Ya Ya Yc Yc
428 475
= =
3.1 7
= 138.06 = 67.86

L Xb
=
Yb Yb
442
=
5.7
= 77.54

9. Perhitungan Kehilangan Energi ( ∆H 1 )

( Yb – Ya )²
∆H1=
( 4 . Ya . Yb )
( 5.7 - 3.1 ) ²
=
( 4 x 3.1 - 5.7 )
= 0.0956
10. Perhitungan Tabel

Q qL v ( cm/s )
No. Ycr Ecr
cm³/s cm³/s va vb vc
1 3200 400.0 5.1954 8.1954 129.0323 70.1754 57.1429
2 3000 375.0 5.2336 7.8504 144.2308 68.1818 54.3478
3 2800 350.0 4.9983 7.4975 145.8333 66.0377 52.2388
4 2600 325.0 4.7574 7.1361 141.3043 63.7255 50.0000
5 2400 300.0 4.5102 6.7653 142.8577 68.1818 48.3871

Es L/Y
∆H
Esa Esb Esc Xa/Ya Xb/Yb Xc/Yc
0.0956 11.5859 8.2100 8.6643 138.06 77.54 67.86
0.1470 13.2027 7.8694 8.4054 163.46 80.36 68.84
0.1653 13.2396 7.5227 8.0909 177.08 83.40 70.90
0.1671 12.4768 7.1698 7.7742 184.78 86.67 73.08
0.1905 12.5017 6.7694 7.3933 183.33 84.69 76.61

Fr Yb/Ya
a b c Hitung Ukur
2.3398 0.9385 0.6896 2.8465 1.8400
2.8559 0.9282 0.6606 3.5697 2.1200
3.0055 0.9158 0.6443 3.7797 2.2100
2.9748 0.9009 0.6262 3.7366 2.2200
3.0075 1.5022 0.6204 3.7825 2.3300

11. Tabel Perhitungan Persamaan Last Quarts

Yb/Yahitung Yb/Yaukur xy x²
No.
(x) (y) m² m²
1 2.8465 1.84 5.2376 8.1026
2 3.5697 2.12 7.5678 12.7428
3 3.7797 2.21 8.3531 14.2861
4 3.7366 2.22 8.3909 13.9622
5 3.7825 2.33 8.8132 14.3073
Σ 17.7150 10.7200 38.3626 63.4010
Rumus Persamaan Grafik Linier
y = A+B.x

n . Σxy – Σx . Σy
B =
n . Σx² – ( Σx )²
5 x 38.3626 - 17.7150 x 10.7200
=
5 x 63.4010 - 17.7150 ²
= 0.5993

Σy – Σx . B
A=
n
10.7200 - 17.7150 x 0.5993
=
5
= 0.0208

Jika y = A + B . x, maka
x y
0 0.0208
1 0.6201
2 1.2194
3 1.8187
4 2.4180
5 3.0173