Table of Contents Preface ..... iii Design Parameters and Limitations Girder Design for Live Load = 12 psf, Dead Load = 18 Connection Design for Live Load = 12 psf, Dead Load = 18.... Girder Design for Live Load = 20 psf, Dead Load = 20... Connection Design for Live Load = 20 psf, Dead Load = 20..... Girder Design for Live Load = 30 psf, Dead Load = 18. Connection Design for Live Load = 30 psf, Dead Load = 18... Girder Design for Live Load = 12 psf, Dead Load = 36...... Connection Design for Live Load = 12 psf, Dead Load = 35. Girder Design for Live Load = 30 psf, Dead Load = 36.... 10 iT Connection Design for Live Loa 30 psf, Dead Load = 35. Member Design Example... 12 Splice Connection Design Example . Double Angle Connection at Exterior Column Example “ii-Preface In 1994 AISC Marketing, Inc. conducted an extensive market survey of owners, developers, architects, engineers and general contractors. In more than two-hundred interviews conducted, one recurring request was for typical designs for roof framing using rolled beams in lieu of joist-girders. These designs would provide a viable bidding alternative for contractors and in some cases lessen critical delivery problems. On many projects the roof support system consists of standard "K" series joists closely spaced and supported by joist girders framing into columns. Long lead times in the design and pro- curement of the joist girders is common in thé industry. An alternate roof framing system uti- lizing the cantilever and suspended structural steel girder is presented through design tables for several common load cases. The primary goal is to make available a preliminary set of design information to make architects, engineers, contractors, and fabricators aware of the system and its potential construction time and cost savings. ‘There are several advantages to using cantilevered rolled beams for roof framing: + Greater steel economy over simple-span designs. + Potential economies of scale by fabricating more wide-flange in a single shop for a given project. + Potential economies from opening up bidding to more bar-joist suppliers. + Possibility of improving steel deliveries. + Reduction in perimeter wall heights with savings in wall material. When electrical and mechanical systems must be accommodated within the roof framing, these systems can pass through web openings or under beams. The resulting wall height with rolled beams will often be less than the joist girder system. + Less building volume with savings in mechanical and operating costs. + Greater versatility in carrying concentrated loads. + Ease in modifying framing to accommodate changed loading conditions. ‘The tables that follow offer roof framing design solutions, based on a distinct set of parameters of loading, serviceability, bay sizes, and joist spans. These bay studies using cantilevered rolled beams cover five load cases. The designs use the LRFD Specification and Design Manual, 2nd Edition. The designs also parallel the work done by the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction in the publication Roof Framing with Cantilever (Gerber) Girders & Open Web Steel Joists. ‘As with any design problem there are many solutions. Each project will have a unique set of loading and serviceability parameters. The design information and worked example have been prepared accurately and consistent with current structural design practice for several different oad cases. All data contained in this publication, are however, preliminary for general infor- mation and discussion only and shall not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its suitability and applicability by a licensed professional structural engineer. iii -Design Parameters and Limitations Many specific parameters and limitations go into the design of any structural member. Imposed loadings caused by earthquake, wind, snow, rain, construction methods, etc. vary across the country. Live loads are specified in the applicable building codes. Dead loads are much more variable and require special attention in their computation. Specific requirements for serviceability, strength, lateral stability of individual elements, and the lateral resistance of the building all contribute to the design of a safe and efficient building. The information presented is intended for use in roof framing conditions only without regard to earthquake oading or contributing to lateral resistance of the building. Bay sizes presented are 30°x30", 30°x40", 40°x30", 40°x40",x40'x50", 50°x40", and 50°x50. Five typical conditions for live and dead loads are each tabulated. Live loads address both snow and no snow regions. Dead loads address both built-up and ballasted roof systems. Connection design tables are also included. ‘The cantilever and suspended roof girder system design tables which follow are based on the following parameters: * Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification, December 1, 1993 * Roof loading is uniform on all spans * Cantilever length selected to provide approximately equal positive and negative moments for a uniformly loaded system * Column spacing is uniform in each direction * A “tie joist" is mandatory at each column line, Joist and bottom chord extension are to have sufficient strength and rigidity to provide lateral torsional restraint of the girder * Joists are uniformly spaced between columns + Girder webs have been checked for stiffener requirements and noted only if required * Top of columns are laterally supported by the tie joists/girder * Columns may be wide flange, pipe, or tube having a rigid cap plate 12" (minimum) in width longitudinal to the girder * Column design, roof deck selection is not a part of this presentation * Total load deflection limited to.1/240 of the girder span * Roof deck/joist system provides lateral support of the girder top flange Graphically, framing plans indicate joists which are "in-line" across the girders. Not all tabulated member flange widths will allow this condition due to joist bearing criteria. Actual member sizes may be selected with a wider flange or the joists may be staggered for full joist bearing and member economy. Final member selection is the responsibility of the engineer- of-record. Roof joist selections are included in the design tables to complete the roof framing system. Joist girder design information is tabulated for direct comparison to the alternate cantilever and suspended girder system.WENOTDSE 39 | ¥sONOTOZE MBN8DZE 9 INBDBZ “HSNSOFZ 9" 9N9DOZ ISN9D02 | “ase | _voneusisaq TOKE | COTE “zoxte@m |” Zox1Z “OsKiZM | PPXTZAN orsgim | OFX. XOLA TEXOL PEXPTAN BOXPTAL zoxrem osKiZM PPXITM TEXOTA. 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HVAC, Elec., etc.) = 8x5 = 40 pif (self-weight of girder included in the computer analysis) ad Combination I (1,2D_+ 1.6L): (CRFD Spec. Sect. A4.1) Factored loading = 1.2(90) + 1.6(60) = 204 pif on joists Point loads on Girder = .204 x 30 = 6.12 kips 4 Load Combination II (.9D + 1,3W): Factored loading = .9(40) - 1.3(70) = -55 plf Point loads on Girder = 0.055 x 30 = 1.65 kips + Member J Design: Load Combination | From computer analysis, +Mymor = 207 kip-ft, L, = 5 ft and -M,,, = 138 kip-ft, L, = 6 fi. From the LRFD Manual Vol. 1, Load Factor Design Selection Table, W18x35 has ¢if, = 249 kip-ft with L, = 4.3 ft, BF = 10.7 kips. By inspection, the positive moment will control. Find capacity of W18x35 for L, = 5 ft. OM, = 249 - 10.7(5 - 4.3) = 241.5 kip-ft > 207 kip-ft o.k. Total service load deflection exceeds L/240 for W18x35, therefore use W18x40. ‘Load Combination II From computer analysis, -M, ma, = 46.2 kip-ft, L, = 35 ft. From the Load Factor Design Selection Table, for W18x40, 6M, = 294 kip-fi, L, = 4.5 ft., L, = 12.1 ft. Since L, = L,, calculate 6M, from LRFD Spec. Eqn. (F1-13) with J, = 19.1 in‘, J = 0.81 in, C, = 1440 in’, assume C, = 1:09. 35x12 OM, - 29000(19.1)(11200)(081) + (1440) = 44.6 < 46.2 kipft me. Use: W21x44 for Member I mber ign: oad Combination From computer analysis, +M, mac = 138 kip-ft and L, = 5 ft. From Load Factor Design Selection Table, the W12x26 with ¢M, = 140 kip-ft and L, = 5.3 ft. is o.k. ‘Total service load deflection exceeds L/240 for W12x26 and W16x26, therefore use WI16x31. ‘Load Combination II From computer analysis, -M, nox = 30.8 kip-ft and L, Check W16x31 using LRFD Spec. Eqn. (F1-13): $M, 28 ft > L, = 11.0 ft for W16x31. 35.2 > 30.8 kip-ft ok. Use: W16x31 for Member II Member. Design; Load Combination I From computer analysis, +Mymar = 138 kip-ft, L, = 5 ft and -My mae = 138 kip-ft, Ly 8.33 ft. From the Load Factor Design Selection Table, for a W14x30, ¢yM, = 177 kip-ft, L, = 5.3 ft, L, = 13.7 ft and BF = 6.06 kips. Negative moment controls and L, < 8.33 < L,, therefore OM, = 177 - 6.06(8.33 - 5.3) = 158.6 > 138 kip-ft o.k. Total service load deflection exceeds L/240 for W14x30, therefore use W16x31. oad Combination II From computer analysis, “My nar = 30.8 kip-ft, L, = 28.75 ft. From Member II Design, OM, = 35.2 kip-ft > 30.8 ok, Use: W16x31 for Member IIT -13-Splice Connection Design; Given: 1, = 2 inches - on all elements 1, = 2 inches - on all elements 1" maximum between member ends 5/16" minimum plate thickness ASTM A36 plate material, F, = 36 ksi, F, = 58 ksi 3" bolt spacing 3/4" A325N bolts Minimum connection depth T/2 of connected members Minimum 2 bolt connection Bolted / Bolted design R, = 16 kips (from computer analysis) W21x44 cantilevered member W16x31 suspended member Solution: Check Bolts: Minimum connection plate depth to meet ‘T/2 criteria = 9 1/8" Minimum 3 bolt connection $t, = 31.8 Kips / Bolt, Double Shear Eccentrically Loaded Bolt Group (LRFD Manual, Volume II, Table 8 - 18): e = e/2 = 5/2 = 2.5 inches n = 3 (first trial) C= 1,99 OR, = 1.99 x 31.8 = 63.28 >> 16 kips oJ Bearing on W16x31 web material (LRFD Manual, Volume II, Table 8 - 13): OR, = Cx 2.4dtF,) = 1.99 x (2.4 x 0.75 x 0.275 x 65) @R, = 64.03 kips > 16 kips o.k. . Shear on W16x31 (LRFD Specification, Equation F2-1): OR, = 40.6F,A, = 0.90 x 0.6 x 50 x (15.88 x 0.275) 4R, = 117.9 kips >> 16 kips o.k.Net shear on splice plates (LRFD Specification, Equation J4-1): ‘Try splice plates 5/16” x 10" OR, = G0.6F,A, = 0.75 x 0.6 x 58 x ((10-(3 x .8125)) x 2 x 3125) u @R, = 123.36 kips >> 16 kips ok. Gross shear on splice plates (LRFD Specification, Equation F2-1): 4R, = 40.6FA, = 0.90 x 0.6 x 36 x (10 x 2 x .3125) OR, = 121.50 kips >> 16 kips o.k. Block Shear Rupture on splice plates (LRFD Manual, Volume Il, Table 8 - 47a,b & Table 8 ~ 48a,b): Table 8 - 47a coefficient = 68 Table 8 - 47b coeffecient = 137 OR, = (68 + 137) x2x 0.3125 = 128.13 kips Table 8 - 48a coefficient = 152 Table 8 - 48b coeffecient = 54 AR, = (152 + 54) x2x0.3125 = 128.75 kips ok. Flexural Yield on splice plates (LRFD Specification, Chapter F): M, = Re/2 = 2.5 x 16 = 40 kip-in S, = (tx H)/6 = (100x 2x .3125)/6 = 10.42 in’ OM, = 4F,S, = 0.90 x 36 x 10.42 9M, = 337.50 kip-in >> 40 kip-in o.k. Flexural Rupture on splice plates (LRFD Manual, Volume II, Table 12 - 1): S, = 6.25 in? from Table 12 - 1 (conservative by H = " in table) OM, = OFS, = 0.75 x 58 x 6.25 271.87 kip-in >> 40 kip-in o.k. -15-Double Angle Connection at Exterior Colurm Given: 1, = 1 1/4 inches - on connecting angles 4, = 11/2 inches - minimum 1/4" minimum connection angles ASTM A36 plate material, F, = 36 ksi, F, = 58 ksi 3” bolt spacing 3/4" A325N bolts Minimum connection depth ‘T/2 of connected members Minimum 2 bolt connection Bolted / Bolted design R, = 25 kips (from computer analysis) W21x44 member Solution: Double angles (LRFD Manual, Volume II, Table 9 - 2): 11 1/2" long connection required to meet T/2 criteria 2- 1/4" angles with 4 rows 3/4" A325N bolts OR, = 104 kips >> 25 kips ok. Shear on W21x44 (LRFD Specification, Equation F2-1): 4R, = 40.6F,A, = 0.90 x 0.6 x 50 x (20.66 x 0.350) R, = 195.23 kips >> 25 kips ok. Bearing on W21x44 web material (LRFD Manual, Volume II, Table 8 - 13): OR, = 87.8xtxn = 878x035 x4 R, = 122.92 kips > 25 kips ok.