ANSI/AWS B2.

1-1-205-96 (R2007)
An American National Standard

Standard Welding Procedure

Specification (SWPS) for

Shielded Metal Arc

Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1,
Group 1 or 2), 1/8
through 1-1/2 inch
Thick, E6010 (Vertical
Uphill) Followed by
E7018 (Vertical
Uphill), As-Welded
or PWHT Condition,
Primarily Pipe
Applications
Site License
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This License is issued by the American Welding Society (hereinafter referred to as “AWS”) to you
(hereinafter referred to as “Licensee”) based upon your application and conditions:
1. By becoming a Licensee, Licensee agrees to all the terms contained in this License.
2. Licensee is authorized to reproduce this AWS B2 Standard Welding Procedure for intra-
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4. Licensee may not enter into any sublicense agreement.
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new document without the copyright notice will be issued.
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Key Words —Welding Procedure Specification, ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
base metal, allowable joint designs, An American National Standard
filler metal, carbon steel, manual
welding, shielded metal arc welding
Approved by the
American National Standards Institute
May 28, 1996

Standard Welding Procedure

Specification (SWPS) for
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel
(M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2),
1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick,
E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed
by E7018 (Vertical Uphill),
As-Welded or PWHT Condition,
Primarily Pipe Applications

Prepared by the
American Welding Society (AWS) B2 Committee on Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification

Under the Direction of the

AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by the
AWS Board of Directors

Abstract
This standard contains the essential welding variables for carbon steel in the thickness range of 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch,
using manual shielded metal arc welding with E6010 (vertical uphill) followed by E7018 (vertical uphill). It cites the
base metals and operating conditions necessary to make the weldment, the filler metal specifications, and the allowable
joint designs for fillet and groove welds. This WPS was developed primarily for pipe applications.

550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126

 AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)

International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-590-2

American Welding Society
550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126
© 2000 by American Welding Society
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Reaffirmed: May 29, 2009

ii
 AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)

Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American
Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or
made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-
mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS
standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of
those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document
that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements
of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.

AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings
together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers the
process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-
ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.

AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether
special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance
on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information
published herein.

In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or
on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone
else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the
advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is
assumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.

This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.

Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept
any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of
any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.

Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.

On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are posted
on the AWS web page (www.aws.org).

Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in
writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,
Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex A).
With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.
These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional
advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do
not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of
AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification.
It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recom-
mendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required
and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B2
Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification and the author of the comments will be informed of the
Committee’s response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure
and Performance Qualification to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision
concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of
these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

iii
 AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)

Personnel (Reaffirmation)

AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification

J. J. Fluckiger, Chair Idaho National Laboratory
J. L. Cooley, Vice Chair J. C. and Associates, Incorporated
E. W. Beckman, 2nd Vice Chair International Training Institute
S. Morales, Secretary American Welding Society
L. P. Connor Consultant
W. D. Doty Doty and Associates, Incorporated
E. H. Gray U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
B. J. Hable Ford Motor Company
M. Herrle Arise, Incorporated
R. A. LaFave Elliott Company, Incorporated
K. Y. Lee The Lincoln Electric Company
K. M. McTague Factory Mutual
A. S. Olivares HSB Global Standards
J. F. Pike NASA Langley Research Center
W. M. Ruof Bechtel Plant Machinery, Incorporated
J. J. Sekely Welding Services, Incorporated
M. R. Stone Canadian Welding Bureau
G. M. Wisbrock Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control (Retired)
R. K. Wiswesser Welder Training and Testing Institute

Advisors to the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification

W. L. Ballis Consultant
J. D. Duncan Consultant
N. K. Kanaya BEAR Testing Laboratory
B. B. MacDonald Consultant
A. W. Sindel Alstom Power, Incorporated
C. E. Speader, Jr. Aristech Chemical Corporation
W. J. Sperko Sperko Engineering Services
R. F. Waite Consultant

AWS B2D Subcommittee on Standard Welding Procedure Specifications

J. J. Sekely, Chair Welding Services, Incorporated
S. Morales, Secretary American Welding Society
L. P. Connor Consultant
W. D. Doty Doty and Associates, Incorporated
J. J. Fluckiger Idaho National Laboratory
K. M. McTague Factory Mutual
W. M. Ruof Bechtel Plant Machinery, Incorporated

Advisor to the AWS B2D Subcommittee on Standard Welding Procedure Specifications

G. M. Wisbrock Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control (Retired)

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 AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)

Personnel (Original)

AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification

J. J. Sekely, Chair Eichleay Corporation
G. M. Wisbrock, 1st Vice Chair Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control
J. J. Fluckiger, 2nd Vice Chair Bechtel Babcock & Wilcox Idaho
P. B. Dickerson, 3rd Vice Chair Consultant
L. P. Connor, Secretary American Welding Society
T. J. Anderson Bechtel Group
*W. L. Ballis Consultant
*H. B. Cary Consultant
J. L. Cooley JC and Associates, Incorporated
W. D. Doty Doty and Associates
E. A. Gallagher Non Destructive Testing Group
E. H. Gray US NRC Region 1
M. Herrle ABS Group, Incorporated
*J. E. Hinkel The Lincoln Electric Company
*M. J. Houle Welding Engineering Services
R. W. Jackson Consultant
A. W. Johnson A. W. Johnson and Associates
N. Kanaya BEAR Testing Laboratory
R. A. LaFave Elliott Company
*B. B. MacDonald United Association
J. W. McGrew Consultant
K. M. McTague NEOC
A. S. Olivares Hartford Steam Boiler, Inspection and Insurance Company
*G. W. Oyler Consultant
S. Panezic Canadian Welding Bureau
J. F. Pike NASA Langley Research Center
B. J. Rampolla J. J. McMuller Association
W. M. Ruof Westinghouse
*J. B. Shore Brooks Automation
A. W. Sindel Sindel & Associates
*C. E. Spaeder, Jr. Aristech Chemical Corporation
*W. J. Sperko Sperko Engineering Services
*R. F. Waite Consultant
R. K. Wiswesser Welder Training and Testing Institute

AWS B2E Subcommittee on Standard Welding Procedure Specifications

R. W. Jackson, Chair Consultant
L. P. Connor, Secretary American Welding Society
W. D. Doty Doty and Associates
*M. J. Houle Welding Engineering Services
K. M. McTague NEOC
B. J. Rampolla J. J. McMuller Associates
J. J. Sekely Eichleay Corporation
*Advisor

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 AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)

Foreword
This foreword is not part of ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007), Standard Welding Procedure Specification
(SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S1 Group 1 or 2), 1/8 though 1-1/2 inch Thick,
E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), as-Welded or PWHT Condition.
Primarily Pipe Applications, but is included for informational purposes only.

The American Welding Society and the Welding Research Council have joined in a cooperative effort to generate
standard welding procedures for industry. The need for pretested welding procedures that are supported by adequate test
data and that satisfy the technical requirements for the commonly used construction codes and specifications has been
expressed by many individuals and organizations. The purpose of a welding procedure qualification is to provide test data
for assessing the properties of a weld joint.
This Welding Procedure Specification is an outgrowth of the coordinated work of the Welding Procedures Committee of
the Welding Research Council and the AWS B2 Committee on Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. The
Welding Procedures Committee has provided the test data documented by a Summary of Procedure Qualification Records.
The welding terms used in this specification shall be interpreted in accordance with the definitions given in the latest
edition of AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering,
Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying.
The AWS Committee on Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification was formed in 1979 to provide welding
standards concerning the subject of qualification. The primary document developed by this committee is AWS B2.1,
Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. This document established the foundation and
framework for Standard Welding Procedure Specifications.
Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,
AWS B2 Committee on Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification, American Welding Society, 550 N.W.
LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

vi
 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 1 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel

(M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick,
E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill),
As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications
Welding Research Council—Supporting PQR Numbers:
001001, 001009, 001021, 001022, 001028, 003016, 003017, 008001, 103004, 106004,
106005, 106006, 107020, 107021, 107022, 200018, 200108, 200109, 200110, 200111,
200112, 200113, 200114, 200115, 200116, 200117, 200118, 200119, 200120, 200121,
200122, 200123, 200124, 200125, 200126, 200142, 200143, 200144, 200145, 200514,
200516, 200517, 200519, 200611, 200614, 200615, 200617, 200618, 200619, 200620,
200702, 200703, 500001, 500002, 500006, 500007, 500008, 500021, 500023, 500024,
500028, 500029, 500119, 197A, 198A, 199A

Requirements for Application
of Standard WPSs
Scope. The data to support this Standard Welding
Procedure Specification (WPS) have been derived
from the above listed Procedure Qualification Records
(PQRs) which were reviewed and validated under
the auspices of the Welding Research Council. This
Standard WPS is not valid using conditions and
variables outside the ranges listed. The American
Welding Society considers that this Standard WPS
presents information for producing an acceptable
weld using the conditions and variables listed. The
user needs a significant knowledge of welding and
accepts full responsibility for the performance of the
weld and for providing the engineering capability,
qualified personnel, and proper equipment to imple-
ment this Standard WPS.
Application. This Standard WPS is to be used only
as permitted by the applicable fabrication document(s)
[such as code, specification, or contract document(s)].
The fabrication document(s) should specify the en-
gineering requirements such as design, need for
heat treatment, fabricating tolerances, quality con-
trol, and examination and tests applicable to the end
product.
User’s Responsibility. A Standard WPS does not
replace or substitute for fabrication codes, specifi-
cations, contract requirements, or capability and judg-
ment on the part of the user. A Standard WPS is to
be used only as permitted by the applicable fabrica-
tion code, specification, or contract document.
The ability to produce production welds having
properties suitable for the application depends upon
supplementing the Standard WPS with appropriate
performance qualification tests and sound engineer-
ing judgment. The user is responsible for the quality
and performance of the final product in accordance
with the provisions of the fabrication document(s).
Supplementary Instructions. To adapt this Stan-
dard WPS to a specific application, a user may
issue supplementary instructions. Such instructions
may consist of tighter fit-up tolerances, higher
minimum preheat temperature or any other instruc-
tions necessary to produce a weldment that meets
the requirements of the fabrication document(s).
These instructions shall not be less restrictive than
provided in the Standard WPS.
Safety. Safety precautions shall conform to the
latest edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cut-
ting, and Allied Processes, published by the American
Welding Society.
This specification may involve hazardous mate-
rials, operations, and equipment. The specification
does not purport to address all of the safety prob-
lems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user to establish appropriate safety and health
practices. The user should determine the applica-
bility of any regulatory limitations prior to use.

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-202-96 (R2007)
Page 2 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

LIMITATIONS
This procedure is not qualified for Notch Toughness or Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) applications.

WELDING PROCESSES
Welding Processes: SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)
Method of Application: Manual
BASE METALS
Base Metal: 1 Carbon Steel, M-1, P-1, or S-1, Group 1 or 2 to M-1, P-1, or S-1,
Group 1 or 2
Thickness Range: 1/8 in. through 1-1/2 in. for groove welds,
1/8 in. minimum for fillet welds
Pipe Diameter: Groove Welds: 1 in. O.D. minimum
Fillet Welds: 3/4 in. O.D. minimum

FILLER METALS

Filler Metal Specification:1 ANSI/AWS A5.1 or ASME SFA 5.1

A Number 1, F Number 3 for E6010 and F Number 4 for E7018
Classification: E6010 and E7018
Deposit Thickness Range: 1- 1/2 in. maximum plus reinforcement for groove welds,
1/8 in. through 1-1/2 in. fillet weld size for fillet welds

JOINT DESIGNS
Joint Designs: See Figure 1
Backing: Not required for E6010, required for E7018
Backing Material: 1 Carbon Steel, M-1, P-1, or S-1, Group 1, 2, or 3 or weld metal of similar
chemical analysis. Nonmetallic or nonfusing metal retainers are not permitted.

POSITIONS
Permitted Positions: All, except as noted
Vertical Progression: Uphill

PREHEAT AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURES

Preheat Temperature: 2 50°F Minimum; 175°F minimum for base metal thickness over 1 in.
Interpass Temperature: 2 50°F Minimum; 175°F minimum for base metal thickness over 1 in., 500°F
maximum
Preheat Maintenance: Continuous or special heating is not required

POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT)

Postweld Heat Treatment: Welds may either be as-welded or postweld heat treated at 1100 to 1200°F or
as required by the fabrication document(s). If heat treated, the heat treatment
time shall be 1 hour per inch of thickness (15 minutes minimum) unless
otherwise noted in the fabrication document(s).

1
M, P, and S numbers for base metal and F and A numbers for filler metal and weld metal respectively, are as detailed in AWS
B2.1 and ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.
2
Preheat and interpass temperatures must be sufficient to prevent crack formation. Temperatures above the minimum shown
may be required for base metals with a specified carbon content greater than 0.25%, for highly restrained welds or to meet the
requirements of the fabrication document(s).

Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding Society
 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 3 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

GROOVE WELDS

Electrodes 1 Current

Layer Classification Dia. (in.) Amperes Polarity

Root3 E6010 3/32 40–80 DCEP (Reverse)

Root3 E6010 1/8 75–125 DCEP (Reverse)

Fill E7018 3/32 70–100 DCEP (Reverse)

Fill E7018 1/8 115–165 DCEP (Reverse)
Fill E7018 5/32 150–220 DCEP (Reverse)
E37018 4 3/164 200–275 DCEP (Reverse)
Fill
FILLET WELDS and GROOVE WELDS on BACKING RINGS 2

Electrodes 1 Current

Layer Classification Dia. (in.) Amperes Polarity

Root3 E6010 1/16 40–80 DCEP (Reverse)

Root3 E6010 3/32 75–125 DCEP (Reverse)

Root or Fill E7018 3/32 70–100 DCEP (Reverse)

Root or Fill E7018 1/8 115–185 DCEP (Reverse)
Fill E7018 5/32 150–220 DCEP (Reverse)
Fill E7018 4 3/164 200–275 DCEP (Reverse)

1. The care and storage of electrodes shall be as recommended by the electrode manufacturer.
2. Backing rings may be used when permitted by the fabrication document(s).
3. An additional layer is optional.
4. Flat and Horizontal positions only.

TECHNIQUE

Weave or Stringer Bead: Either

Peening: Not permitted
Initial Cleaning: Chemical or mechanical; joint shall be dry prior to welding
Interpass Cleaning: Mechanical only
Backgouging: Mechanical or thermal when required by Figure 1
Single or Multiple Passes: Either. All pressure retaining welds shall be a minimum of two passes.
Maximum Bead Thickness: 1/4 in.
Repair: Defects in welds shall be removed by mechanical or thermal methods. The
repair cavity may differ in contour and dimension from a normal joint preparation
and may present different restraint conditions. Repair of base metal defects
shall be in accordance with the requirements of the fabrication document(s).

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 4 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

COMPANY NAME _______________________________________________________________________

In the name of the Company stated above, I accept full responsibility for the application of this SWPS for use
with:

________________________________________________________________ Dated ________________

Fabrication Document(s): (Such as Code, Specification, or Contract Document)

Date ____________ Approved by ___________________________________ Title __________________

Metric Conversions

in. mm °F °C ft3/h L/min NPS DN

1/32 0.8 50 10 5 2.4 1/2 20

1/16 1.6 350 175 10 5.0 3/4 25
3/32 2.4 15 7.1
1/8 3.2 25 11.8
3/16 4.8
1/4 6.4
3/8 9.6
3/4 19.0
1 25.4
1-1/2 38.0

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 5 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

FILLET WELDS: All Joints.
GROOVE WELDS: For pipe and tubular products, see Joints 1 through 7. In addition, joints having
groove designs resulting from end preparations conforming with ASME B16.25, Butt Welding Ends,
and prequalified joint details for complete joint penetration groove welded joints permitted by AWS
D1.6, Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steel, are also allowable for application with this SWPS.

JOINT 1

JOINT 2

Figure 1—Allowable Joint Designs

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 6 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

JOINT 3

JOINT 4

Figure 1 (Continued)—Allowable Joint Designs

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 7 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

JOINT 5

JOINT 6

Figure 1 (Continued)—Allowable Joint Designs

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 8 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

TYPICAL BRANCH CONNECTION

JOINT 7

RECOMMENDED WELDING DIMENSIONS FOR SOCKET WELDING COMPONENTS OTHER THAN FLANGES

JOINT 8

Figure 1 (Continued)—Allowable Joint Designs

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 9 of 16

Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS)

X MIN. = 1/4 Tn OR THE THICKNESS OF THE HUB, WHICHEVER IS SMALLER, UNLESS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY THE
FABRICATION DOCUMENT(S)
Y MIN. = Tn OR 1/4 in., WHICHEVER IS SMALLER, UNLESS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY THE FABRICATION DOCUMENT(S)
Tn = NOMINAL PIPE WALL THICKNESS

RECOMMENDED WELDING DIMENSIONS FOR FLANGES

JOINT 9

Figure 1 (Continued)—Allowable Joint Designs

Figure 1 (Continued)—Allowable Joint Designs

Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding Society

Annex A (Informative)
Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries
This annex is not part of ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007), Standard Welding Procedure
Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S1 Group 1 or 2), 1/8
though 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), as-Welded or
PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications, but is included for informational purposes only.
A1. Introduction
The American Welding Society (AWS) Board of Directors
has adopted a policy whereby all official interpretations
of AWS standards are handled in a formal manner.
Under this policy, all interpretations are made by the
committee that is responsible for the standard. Official
communication concerning an interpretation is directed
through the AWS staff member who works with that
committee. The policy requires that all requests for an
interpretation be submitted in writing. Such requests will
be handled as expeditiously as possible, but due to the
complexity of the work and the procedures that must be
followed, some interpretations may require considerable
time.
A2. Procedure
All inquiries shall be directed to:
Managing Director
Technical Services Division
American Welding Society
550 N.W. LeJeune Road
Miami, FL 33126
All inquiries shall contain the name, address, and affilia-
tion of the inquirer, and they shall provide enough infor-
mation for the committee to understand the point of
concern in the inquiry. When the point is not clearly
defined, the inquiry will be returned for clarification. For
efficient handling, all inquiries should be typewritten and
in the format specified below.
A2.1 Scope. Each inquiry shall address one single provi-
sion of the standard unless the point of the inquiry
involves two or more interrelated provisions. The provi-
sion(s) shall be identified in the scope of the inquiry
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ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 10 of 16
along with the edition of the standard that contains the
provision(s) the inquirer is addressing.
A2.2 Purpose of the Inquiry. The purpose of the
inquiry shall be stated in this portion of the inquiry. The
purpose can be to obtain an interpretation of a standard’s
requirement or to request the revision of a particular pro-
vision in the standard.
A2.3 Content of the Inquiry. The inquiry should be
concise, yet complete, to enable the committee to under-
stand the point of the inquiry. Sketches should be used
whenever appropriate, and all paragraphs, figures, and
tables (or annex) that bear on the inquiry shall be cited. If
the point of the inquiry is to obtain a revision of the
standard, the inquiry shall provide technical justification
for that revision.
A2.4 Proposed Reply. The inquirer should, as a
proposed reply, state an interpretation of the provision
that is the point of the inquiry or provide the wording for
a proposed revision, if this is what inquirer seeks.
A3. Interpretation of Provisions of
the Standard
Interpretations of provisions of the standard are made by
the relevant AWS technical committee. The secretary of
the committee refers all inquiries to the chair of the par-
ticular subcommittee that has jurisdiction over the por-
tion of the standard addressed by the inquiry. The
subcommittee reviews the inquiry and the proposed reply
to determine what the response to the inquiry should
be. Following the subcommittee’s development of the
response, the inquiry and the response are presented to
the entire committee for review and approval. Upon
approval by the committee, the interpretation is an official

interpretation of the Society, and the secretary transmits
the response to the inquirer and to the Welding Journal
for publication.
A4. Publication of Interpretations
All official interpretations will appear in the Welding
Journal and will be posted on the AWS web site.
A5. Telephone Inquiries
Telephone inquiries to AWS Headquarters concerning
AWS standards should be limited to questions of a gen-
eral nature or to matters directly related to the use of the
standard. The AWS Board of Directors’ policy requires
that all AWS staff members respond to a telephone
request for an official interpretation of any AWS stan-
dard with the information that such an interpretation can
Permission to reproduce for intra-company use only is granted by the American Welding Society
ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
Page 11 of 16
be obtained only through a written request. Headquarters
staff cannot provide consulting services. However, the
staff can refer a caller to any of those consultants whose
names are on file at AWS Headquarters.
A6. AWS Technical Committees
The activities of AWS technical committees regarding
interpretations are limited strictly to the interpretation of
provisions of standards prepared by the committees or to
consideration of revisions to existing provisions on the
basis of new data or technology. Neither AWS staff nor
the committees are in a position to offer interpretive or
consulting services on (1) specific engineering problems,
(2) requirements of standards applied to fabrications
outside the scope of the document, or (3) points not
specifically covered by the standard. In such cases, the
inquirer should seek assistance from a competent engi-
neer experienced in the particular field of interest.
 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
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List of AWS Documents on Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification

Designation Title

B2.1 Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification

B2.1-1-001 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1, Group 1 or 2), 3/16 through 3/4 inch in the As-Welded Condition, With Backing

B2.1-1-002 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1, Group 1 or 2), 3/16 through 7/8 inch in the As-Welded Condition, With or
Without Backing

B2.1-1-003 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting
Transfer Mode) of Galvanized Steel (M-1), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition,
with or without Backing

B2.1-1-004 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting
Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (M-1, Group 1), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded
Condition, with or without Backing

B2.1-8-005 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting
Transfer Mode) of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8, P-8, or S-8), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the
As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing

B2.1-1/8-006 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting
Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-1 to M-8, P-8, or S-8), 18
through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing

B2.1-1-007 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Galva-
nized Steel (M-1), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing

B2.1-1-008 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1, P-1, or S-1), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without
Backing

B2.1-8-009 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Austenitic
Stainless Steel (M-8, P-8, or S-8), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or
without Backing

B2.1-1/8-010 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-1, P-1, or S-1 to M-8, P-8, or S-8), 18 through 10 Gauge,
in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing

B2.1-1-011 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Galva-
nized Steel (M-1), 10 through 18 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing

B2.1-1-012 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1, P-1, or S-1 to M-1, P-1, or S-1), 10 through 18 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition,
with or without Backing

B2.1-8-013 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of
Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 10 through 18 Gauge, in the As-Welded
Condition, with or without Backing

B2.1-1/8-014 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-1 to M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 10 through 18 Gauge, in
the As-Welded Condition, with or without Backing

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
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Designation Title

B2.1-22-015 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Aluminum
(M/P/S-22 to M/P/S-22), 18 through 10 Gauge, in the As-Welded Condition, with or without
Backing

B2.1-1-016 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E7018, As-Welded or
PWHT Condition

B2.1-1-017 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010, As-Welded or PWHT
Condition

B2.1-1-018 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Self-Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding
of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E71T-8, As-Welded
Condition

B2.1-1-019 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for CO2 Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding
of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E70T-1 and
E71T-1, As-Welded Condition

B2.1-1-020 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for 75% Ar/25% CO2 Shielded Flux Cored
Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick,
E70T-1 and E71T-1, As-Welded or PWHT Condition

B2.1-1-021 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed
by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through
1-1/2 inch Thick, ER70S-2 and E7018, As-Welded or PWHT Condition

B2.1-1-022 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill)
Followed by E7018, As-Welded or PWHT Condition

B2.1-8-023 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of
Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, As-Welded
Condition

B2.1-8-024 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Austenitic
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/16 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX, As-Welded
Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Applications

B2.1-8-025 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed
by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8
through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX and E3XX-XX, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and
Structural Applications

B2.1-1-026 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2). 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill)
Followed by E7018, As-Welded or PWHT Condition

B2.1-1-027 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Self-Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding
of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E71T-11, As-Welded
Condition

B2.1-1-201 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill)
Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
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Designation Title

B2.1-1-202 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill)
Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-203 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill), As-
Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-204 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill Root
with the Balance Vertical Uphill), As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-205 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Fol-
lowed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-206 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of
Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical
Downhill) Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily
Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-207 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER70S-2, As-Welded or
PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-208 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E7018, As-Welded or PWHT
Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-209 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed
by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through
1-1/2 inch Thick, ER70S-2 and E7018, As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe
Applications

B2.1-1-210 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Con-
sumable Insert Root of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch
Thick, INMs-1 and ER70S-2, As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-211 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with
Consumable Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/
S-1, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, INMs-1, ER70S-2, and E7018, As-Welded
Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-8-212 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Austenitic
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/16 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX, As-Welded
Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-8-213 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E3XX-XX, As-Welded
Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-8-214 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through
1-1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX and E3XX-XX, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

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 ANSI/AWS B2.1-1-205-96 (R2007)
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Designation Title

B2.1-8-215 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with
Consumable Insert Root of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through
1-1/2 inch Thick, IN3XX and ER3XX, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-8-216 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with
Consumable Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel
(M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, IN3XX, ER3XX, and E3XX-XX, As-
Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-4-217 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of
Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), ER80S-B2, 1/8 through 1/2 in.
Thick, As-Welded Condition, 1/8 through 3/4 in. Thick, PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe
Applications

B2.1-4-218 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of
Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), E8018-B2, 1/8 through 1/2 in.
Thick, As-Welded Condition, 1/8 through 1-1/2 in. Thick, PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe
Applications

B2.1-4-219 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), 1/8
through 1/2 in. Thick, As-Welded Condition, 1/8 through 1-1/2 in. Thick, PWHT Condition,
ER80S-B2 and E8018-B2, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-4-220 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (Consum-
able Insert Root) of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), E8018-B2, 1/8
through 1/2 in. Thick, As-Welded Condition, 1/8 through 3/4 in. Thick, PWHT Condition,
IN515 and ER80S-B2, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-4-221 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (Consum-
able Insert Root) followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel
(M-4/P-4, Group 1 or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 in. Thick, As-Welded Condition, 1/8 through 1-1/2 in.
Thick, PWHT Condition, IN515, ER80S-B2, and E8018-B2, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-5A-222 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of
Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A), ER90S-B3, 1/8 through 1/2 in. Thick, As-Welded
Condition, 1/8 through 3/4 in. Thick, PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-5A-223 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of
Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A), E9018-B3, 1/8 through 1/2 in. Thick, As-Welded
Condition, 1/8 through 1-1/2 in. Thick, PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-5A-224 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed by
Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A), 1/8 through 1/2 in.
Thick, As-Welded Condition, 1/8 through 1-1/2 in. Thick, PWHT Condition, ER90S-B3 and
E9018-B3, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-5A-225 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (Consum-
able Insert Root) of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel (M-5A/P-5A), 1/8 through 1/2 in. Thick,
As-Welded Condition, 1/8 through 3/4 in. Thick, PWHT Condition, IN521 and ER90S-B3,
Primarily Pipe Applications

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Designation Title

B2.1-5A-226 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (Consum-
able Insert Root) followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Chromium-Molybdenum Steel
(M-5A/P-5A), 1/8 through 1/2 in. Thick, As-Welded Condition, 1/8 through 1-1/2 in. Thick,
PWHT Condition, IN521, ER90S-B3, and E9018-B3, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1/8-227 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon
Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/16
through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER309(L), As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1/8-228 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Car-
bon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1),
1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E309(L)-15, -16, or -17, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe
Applications

B2.1-1/8-229 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding followed
by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic
Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER309(L) and
E309(L)-15, -16, or -17, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1/8-230 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Con-
sumable Insert Root of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic Stainless
Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/16 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, IN309 and ER309(L), As-Welded
Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1/8-231 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Con-
sumable Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1,
Groups 1 or 2) to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M-8/P-8/S-8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch
Thick, IN309, ER309, and E309-15, -16, or -17, or IN309, ER309(L), and ER309(L)-15, -16,
or -17, As-Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-232 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Argon plus 25% Carbon Dioxide
Shielded Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting Transfer Mode) followed by Argon plus
25% Carbon Dioxide Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Groups
1 and 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER70S-3 and E7XT-X, As-Welded or PWHT Condition,
Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-233 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Argon plus 25% Carbon Dioxide
Shielded Gas Metal Arc Welding (Short Circuiting Transfer Mode) followed by Argon plus
2% Oxygen Shielded Gas Metal Arc Welding (Spray Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/
S-1, Groups 1 and 2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER70S-3, As-Welded or PWHT Condition,
Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-234 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Argon plus 25% Carbon Dioxide
Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Groups 1 and 2), 1/8
through 1-1/2 inch Thick, E7XT-X, As-Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

B2.1-1-235 Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Argon plus 2% Oxygen Shielded
Gas Metal Arc Welding (Spray Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (M-1/P-1/S-1, Groups 1 and
2), 1/8 through 1-1/2 inch Thick, ER70S-3, Flat Position Only, As-Welded or PWHT
Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications

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