Class 12 Physics Notes - Electromagnetic Induction

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Electromagnetic Induction
by admin — August 6, 2019 in 12th Class 11 min read 0
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Class 12 Physics Electromagnetic Induction – Get here the Notes for Class 12 Physics Electromagnetic Induction. Candidates who are ambitious
to qualify the Class 12 with good score can check this article for Notes. This is possible only when you have the best CBSE Class 12 Physics study
material and a smart preparation plan. To assist you with that, we are here with notes. Hope these notes will helps you understand the
important topics and remember the key points for exam point of view. Below we provided the Notes of Class 12 Physics for topic
Electromagnetic Induction.
Class: 12th
Subject: Physics
Topic: Electromagnetic Induction

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CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes: Electromagnetic Induction

Candidates who are pursuing in Class 12 are advised to revise the notes from this post. With the help of Notes, candidates can plan their
Strategy for particular weaker section of the subject and study hard. So, go ahead and check the Important Notes for Class 12 Physics
Electromagnetic Induction.
Whenever the magnetic ux linked with an electric circuit changes, an emf is induced in the circuit. This phenomenon is called electromagnetic
induction.
Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
(i) Whenever the magnetic ux linked with a circuit changes, an induced emf is produced in it.
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(ii) The induced emf lasts so long as the change in magnetic ux continues.
(iii) The magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change in magnetic ux, i.e.,
E ∝ dφ / dt ⇒ E = – dφ / dt
where constant of proportionality is one and negative sign indicates Lenz’s law.
Here, ux = NBA cos θ, SI unit of φ = weber,
CGS unit of φ = maxwell, 1 weber = 108 maxwell,
Dimensional formula of magnetic ux
[φ] = [ML2T-2A-2]
Lenz’s law
The direction of induced emf or induced current is always in such a way that it opposes the cause due to which it is produced.
Lenz’s law is in accordance with the conservation of energy.
Note To apply Lenz’s law, you can remember RIN or ® In (when the loop lies on the plane of paper)
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(i) RIN In RIN, R stands for right, I stands for increasing

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straight current carrying conductor and the current in the conductor is increasing, then induced current in the loop is anticlockwise
(ii) ®IN In ® IN suppose the magnetic eld in the loop is perpendicular to paper inwards ® and this eld is increasing, then induced current in
the loop is anticlockwise
Motional Emf
If a rod of length 1 moves perpendicular to a magnetic eld B, with a velocity v, then induced emf produced in it given by
E = B * v * I = bvl
If a metallic rod of length 1 rotates about one of its ends in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic eld, then the induced emf produced across
its ends is given by
E = 1 / 2 bωr2 = BAf
where, ω = angular velocity of rotation, f = frequency of rotation and A = πr2 = area of disc.
The direction of induced current in any conductor can be obtained from Fleming’s right hand rule.
A rectangular coil moves linearly in a eld when coil moves with constant velocity in a uniform magnetic eld, ux and induced emf will be zero.
A rod moves at an angle θ with the direction of magnetic eld, velocity E = – Blv sin θ.
An emf is induced
(i) When a magnet is moved with respect to a coil.
(ii) When a conductor falls freely in East-West direction.
(iii) When an aeroplane ies horizontally.
(iv) When strength of current owing in a coil is increased or decreased, induced current is developed in the coil in same or opposite direction.
(v) When a train moves horizontally in any direction.
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule

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If we stretch the thumb, the fore nger and the central ngerRegistration
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that all three are perpendicular to each other, th. if
thumb represent the direction of motion, the fore nger represent tile direction of magnetic eld, then centra} nger will represent the
direction of induced current.
If R is the electrical resistance of the circuit, then induced current in the circuit is given by I = E / R
If induced current is produced in a coil rotated in uniform magnetic eld, then
I = NBA ω sin ωt / R = Io sin ωt
where, Io = NBA ω = peak value of induced current,
N = number of turns in the coil ,
B= magnetic induction,
ω = angular velocity of rotation and
A = area of cross-section of the coil.
Eddy Currents
If a piece of metal is placed in a varying magnetic eld or rotated high speed in a uniform magnetic eld, then induced current set up
the piece are like whire pool of air, called eddy currents.
The magnitude 0f eddy currents is given by i = – e / R = dφ / dt / R, where R is the resistance.
Eddy currents are also known as Facault’s current.
Self-Induction
The phenomena of production of induced emf in a circuit due to change in current owing in its own, is called self induction.
Coe cient of Self-Induction
The magnetic ux linked with a coil
φ = LI
where, L = = coe cient of self induction.
The induced emf in the coil
E = – L dl / dt
it unit of self induction is henry (H) and its dimensional formula is [ML2T -2A-2].
Self – inductance of a long solenoid is given by normal text
L = μo N2 A / l = μo n2 Al
where. N = total number of turns in the solenoid,
1 = length of the coil, n = number of turns in the coil and
A = area of cross-section of the coil.
If core of the solenoid is of any other magnetic material, then
L = μo μr N2 A / l
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Energy stored in an inductor E = 1 / 2 LI2
Mutual Induction
The phenomena of production of induced emf in a circuit due to the change in magnetic ux in its neighbouring circuit, is called mutual
induction.
Coe cient of Mutual Induction
If two coils are coupled with each, other then magnetic ux linked with a Coil (secondary coil)
φ = MI
where M is coe cient of mutual induction and I is current ow in through primary coil.
The induced emf in the secondary coil
E = – M dl / dt
where dl / dt is the rate of change of current through primary coil.
The unit of coe cient of mutual induction is henry (H) and its dimension is [ML2T-2A-2].
The coe cient of mutual induction depends on geometry of two coils, distance between them and orientation of the two coils.
Coe cient of Coupling
Two coils are said to be coupled if full a part of the fuse produced by one links with the other.
K = √M / L1 L2, where L1 and L2 are coe cients of self-induction of the two coils and M is coe cient of mutual induction of the two coils.
Coe cient of coupling is maximum (K = 1) in case (a), when coils are coaxial and minimum in case (b), when coils are placed a right angles.
Mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids is given by
M = μ N1 N2 A / l
= μ n1 n2 Al
where N1 and N2 are total number of turns in both coils, n1 n2 are number of turns per unit length in coils, A is area of cross-section of coils and
1 is length of the coils.
Grouping of Coils
(a) When three coils of inductances L1, L2 and L3 are connected in series and the coe cient of coupling K = 0, as in series, then
L = L1 + L2 + L3
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(b) When three coils of inductances L1, L2 and L3 are connected

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L = 1 / L1 + 1 / L2 + 1 / L3
If coe cient of coupling K = 1, then
(i) In series
(a) If current in two coils are in the same direction, then
L = L1 + L2 + 2M
(b) If current in two coils are in opposite directions, then
L = L1 + L2 – 2M
(ii) In parallel
(a) If current in two coils are in same direction, then
L = L1 L2 – M2 / L1 + L2 + 2M
(b) If current in two coils are in opposite directions, then
L = L1 L2 – M2 / L1 + L2 – 2M
Hope these notes helped you in your schools exam preparation. Candidates can also check out the Key Points, Important Questions &
Practice Papers for various Subjects for Class 12 in both Hindi and English language form the link below.
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Topic: Electromagnetic Induction

CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes: Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction

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Here, ux = NBA cos θ, SI unit of φ = weber,

CGS unit of φ = maxwell, 1 weber = 108 maxwell,

Dimensional formula of magnetic ux

Lenz’s law is in accordance with the conservation of energy.

(i) RIN In RIN, R stands for right, I stands for increasing

(i) When a magnet is moved with respect to a coil.

(ii) When a conductor falls freely in East-West direction.

(iii) When an aeroplane ies horizontally.

(v) When a train moves horizontally in any direction.

Fleming’s Right Hand Rule

If induced current is produced in a coil rotated in uniform magnetic eld, then

I = NBA ω sin ωt / R = Io sin ωt

where, Io = NBA ω = peak value of induced current,

N = number of turns in the coil ,

ω = angular velocity of rotation and

A = area of cross-section of the coil.

The magnitude 0f eddy currents is given by i = – e / R = dφ / dt / R, where R is the resistance.

Eddy currents are also known as Facault’s current.

Coe cient of Self-Induction

The magnetic ux linked with a coil

where, L = = coe cient of self induction.

The induced emf in the coil

Self – inductance of a long solenoid is given by normal text

where. N = total number of turns in the solenoid,

1 = length of the coil, n = number of turns in the coil and

A = area of cross-section of the coil.

If core of the solenoid is of any other magnetic material, then

Energy stored in an inductor E = 1 / 2 LI2

Coe cient of Mutual Induction

The induced emf in the secondary coil

where dl / dt is the rate of change of current through primary coil.

Coe cient of Coupling

Mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids is given by

(b) When three coils of inductances L1, L2 and L3 are connected

If coe cient of coupling K = 1, then

(a) If current in two coils are in the same direction, then

(b) If current in two coils are in opposite directions, then

(a) If current in two coils are in same direction, then

(b) If current in two coils are in opposite directions, then

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