Head added = static head + fie + Beg = (isv-i0e) + Sate Qe 4 fe 21 DS OF | Ass = 0-025 x Song? 425 Q% 21x @3jS %aa 0-0 2.x 300KQT = “SE US TE QH ens Hee a ae eyuag - 6 > 7200 &* = sot Year 2Q> sean Q@ = 0-05 M3fsecé Wea 000 «os )* See = Sa Pouern = ep Tino peservcire A eB QRE ceTMested laptzougha bibs ssgster ,cmeishng of REED OM PPS having satea Length which ranches sreneaklen, >to Ree pipes ct + & Bo em ara. each Foom Leng A aes gitorted near Yrescanoir AF 0-4 “3/sec dischaages HhywVGh she pibe Syptem. The Jijkeencie jn the Secsenyate (Cee =e Sele tok ENemMOIY Re Soe eee enemies = een eee Lene a. : determine tre + ASSOLE NG TO for the por. Sitioukod Yower. requiredtS Soom @on0000809 Stat = (BY = 60" 12 pe R2/aa= 47-2) —D Q@q= 0-268 v Ritehaice => i Qg= O13 . . Yo%al head added key Ye pump” (eee ky = 404 hr : NOTE’ Head added by the pumpit bs + bhrbsa thts) Rowen = Big FO Tangy t 5 A tan of a lakh popolalion it to be sopplied wakca frum a Bounce 4 275 PO Rost abe: Lococxt water Level in the Sounce 1s 15 ™ below the water Wwoskrol rhe town. The. demamd of woe worker ig e6bmated OF 150 Utlcabitalaau - A pomp el seonp if opnated for 1S tas Sakthe max™ demand ie tso ff avg demand amd Velocity uf flow thengh pipe is 13M )cce ound eybicien cay the pumb is Hot Detormin’ she WG-OMd EFidim Jacky [determine © Poot Z) C the cetat woken reavired J Gs iihsane Bes HOTHMHOKRTBRAMSGOLORO®R Yo EX gicieness uf ae meee guesa PT — renee Pan rovgnncess of EIRE 0-16 mM . ~ Dekearnine he head Lose expected In Soom hength of PIPES - 34 pibe wearto act as smooth pibe » how mech head Lose Mary be eppeoted. Yoo water = ote The Yottowing epplick EPP oF § noaybe used , BI2S Vie) a EG =e | Re! ObaAc k= equivalent sand grain reoghnedss =o | diac pipe = gemnr = Reynolds No. = 80,009 Seom go, 000% 15” f= 0-02S4% Headloss = $Lv2 29D Smooth pipe q : dee ee r (ae Se UM =" 2s Roots Gs 00189 SIS xo OIE = 5.96% Mead Loss = o-02S* A hertguntal pipe bearing diameter eh os ms expends at a yunckion to ne meter pipe ~ havin, StrHighr Length Ak hydric gandeline ak jUmebin Ech bY 2B cm. Lind the ftewwake in the Pibe.Ds08M Dr =ow HG L > Beds wien me Bead a> ZARB B-EQh ble Om # 2 -@) Aix Py Ni uk i. fee ve ei? Wee et St po (aed (Ste a ae aN & 2 2n2 2} = aNyi aye = 0-49-81 74 a {ava Se = O.1x9d- FP] FS hen y STV Ase ee oS eee oe em kare ~~ Te Know direchm of blow . Eno aie Soe S4 TE> Fe, Yhan Vow bron O -Qhaee Po S —PL oS S é€ e & (3 e e Mi = Ya, Qo oO gO DChannel with bump: 7, cbt, @ A Rect. chamnel has a width Y2om and. cactieg : discharge 4-80 my, a a At Sec Wwitha SER OnIcer a + x SMall, smooth hun — =a S Fist tep and height o-10m 1% Reo bem y change in ape Caleplate +he Likel 5 water i ee Enexgy Lose ark Neglect the DeteEmine she ols Flow F low Subaik Condibins 1-e. “ohether @ = eal oe Soper cxibeat, = [87] ado miy.o. 3 V Inn apanles S52 the Aum anuit 2 daveb in +42 watce suctare elevahenemp oe 4 cg fa hente farY, wd depth y, racUuMm unchanged. & e calcrelalions of dept Py lyal 6 saw nretued| — = =f BHI Meg e y,2 = hee af iy A} the Height of the hump is 0-Sm. Echmate He waker surface slevahion on the hump and at 2 sein Yy the Agmp. . - Ep n& sechory@) Sieeee esi fone Avartabte Sp-érerzy ee Fis 0-372 2] = i ss =F Ss = FPS™ PHHCHOHHHNTDDHT9ORC SD en fg= 475 Ya = Yeq = 0-23%m “S¥ex= 1256m > Since sp énerzy at sechon @) is gneater than Ea, the avattable Sp Erexgy at thot sek . Hence the deptrat sechaon @) cull ee at the critical csepeh se fo a depth YF Buch, “Us kar ks e © e © ° e 6 e e ° © ©: ine CTPA POE Gnexjy zine wi Hau enn ats 2 — wakct sucker Fle Xv bs gag m =p cee Nes 12560 a : f 7 atu p [z= 050m A Rect channel a-Sm uride caxcies 6:0 Yse0 S$ Flow at a dcbth o-Som . calwlate the Peigpk of a flak topbed hump required to be Placed atia Séchon +o cause Caifeal Flaw- The Energy Loss due £0 +he obstrucyon by the bump can be taken was 0-1 Luies He VJ elocedg step 1p bead. ee . FV= 69.5 = 2-4 Sexy, S MS BAJO = 0-2 sec PH = 80 Ser a => Ug Floc is eupeccribcce Jesixo-s Steba»y & = 0 ) stepay Since sechon @) 12% cri beat ro ee = 0:93% = J2- er so nlow 29 APPlgira Ercxgy Equal y Wa: seh O) andl) {2 a2 pif cf hemp FI MROSHHHHHHOHHNHOHOHHSHHOHHOHHODFOL®oo @ 9a See “ee © € © e e © © ie © © e e eo e © © © © oe © © ° M3)cec. ak a debhh of ZO. A yo wedvce Yne width struckice. 7” of ye channel ak a hydrautic ming the transiben tobe hovtgntal and Flow tobe fridionless determine the water suajace clevabyy vls and Dig of Wee Cunstridion when ¥he cmastricted width in 2-SomM and 2-rom a 0 N t taud © SOBAIN AD oy Suber er157U) = 084 <1 aero We ls flaw 16 subcai’ sf] and awk cause 9 deirb tn Suck’ = 20 p. NB)t = g.241m 2xS-p) rt sechm @ : soking catee ng*SA2™m * 23136 orth new U/e debth at a, nS seh She Ge Wy VE SI S/gae = 4.2853 For +the Game discharge ahen Ba< Bam Conder choking condihims) the deprrat caibcal Sechin uull be different foun Yom and 2 depend: upon value of BQ> Ampock ol Tere: 7 rx Sh: : eee when Fel of wokex sreikex normaikty to o ae Flak plate a 5 a cER oh Enexgy duc to ambach is negligible & saxkece \8 ‘Gmeoth Ko thal Yrichun Loss is negligible, Furce tied! by the jek on the plate 36 2.8 OO 0 C4 R= 8a v-of Pan = §av> A> accacy Tt eat neo aes Na Sni bol mastocsis | 4 thepP! See in the alrection {eicog plate ve suka pan Maing Stahonaxy | an nd eo Fet strikes on ,Snctined Flat stabomary plate eEVFHHMHHHROHM MO HRHBHTForce extated along He aplake FQvcose - FAV — ( farcy)) =° Qcowe- A +G2=0 —w By ed © 8H lai= 4, Lireose] \ a CrHcose ) case mFS: Forte exented wy Felon a stalionaxy curved Plate. Force exerted oy Tek nermak to the lake Pr = FAN - \ €@, C-Veosa) + FOr cacesi |= fa [ v- a) extated by the yet on the plake » By = ¢-a Gu) [vu] Yen = fa Wa)?’ GlorkK- done pea sec “ey Ye sek” Ter strikes on a Ascaics of, Wwe -Vanes Mounted om & pont poaak “of 9 abe Mase af water stsiker the BEM | Peasec, Sto aS Fore exented Su Jet on Vane will be = scan Lv] = Ae cpanel = gaff v-vu] done by Wert Per sec eal V-ve] xu = ea [ wa wn] i W= pq f v-ajxu z Ya * 1988 Flowing lee y,, £9 usOce@eOtos9009 e e © 6 6 e é es e 6 S s e s 5S s For mawn. Ebti ciency of Ter, ae a— ras 2/2 [Ly - =a} oe ran seni) = Tian NAmax = 2 [ %- MY] { v= ,=sep- 3 AN above analysis Vanes are blak 8 Ik Vanes OMe made cunved than efficiene Masy be urthea Anneared akin case of" Platanched. | Web Waker Stxikes Normal to a banging Neatical plake G> asen'ey ret> wt-ot plate = W(ty sins) When x= Ws ie wet strikes om the eG ate al a) : Ss Oe. - water of dia. ac mm dia chal ket tog 20cm 9 square " plakes onifurns vhickness witha vel-of 12 Migec ob the centred the blake which Is sospended vale To a binge on its top cage Whe weight ef the “pluke if soINlm - The Tet stviked norma) to ye Flake. conalk Force must oc applied at Lowen BAge plate gothat plate in kebt weabcal. S4 the plate is aUecwed to detec Wee pak will be THE angie al det!r mithven = Ave 40 the Jurce exerted Wy Whe THM woter O=30. 2g-5Ntor a Lt ny {fombs y. pacts) * used Fo Conver} hydraulic % First electwic Enexay! EMORY Inte mechanical i Eneagy onich ia futher 1%. convated Cconvated Wite Electric into Mechanical &nagy | buy Marr 2 vicch. : Emergy by Means of Encgy is converted] \nto Pressure OF extracts Enexay enagy o Wydraulic Encage by pumps, % BY adds &@n ED) ee > Thermal power plank 2 11 42324 AMaaturs . % “‘Tusbines: a Energy—}-—> Wydral Powe plan} 2340 244. Axim Dive. Ge easton Tidal €nere So Ea pa Rane a Selan ae ieee Biogas » classification of ‘Vo OF Slastificahien on the basis ol available head r Nigh head Turbine Seovhehle, baie Peltan wheel Tergo ampuse wheel “WS250 he m head Toobines, {oom Frances Lvrbines head Torbines Kablan §=> igh Nia 800 tio00 ] ee! Kaplan s propelia ‘ Re Na = G0 toavo H—> Low sp-speed [ Ya <60 see, Se: Pleton wheel C8 » wee <> classification on the basis of available “energy at whe Aniek Et sor bi neg —> Reaction Vorbine * OF Me Inlebot, boabing C Preasune rurctn) Energy auailaiie 1& Yressure emery & KE. amyose turbine hee A es Nelocity Nvsbine) ony KE. ts available ak the a@alet-a Pressure! \ } Vwataspiaic © Pm S81 Mimi arnese {] -Pre petter jor ware SO TANH ATS PHT Balt tobe) a Nc (© es Verge dinplure wheer ae eS + Reockion tusbnies have caver casing caith ay Classificadion on Ye Iagigol type of blowaln the turbine Qnward Radial flow —» Francis Torb mes} | [> Radia Feu C. ¥ Verngeniog rawvond Readiod (Low nt uy Smwand Radial ~low Reachion Making iy Pelton coneel/ > Tangenba} Flow Vurgo San pluse week amypluse Turbine j Wy Kaplan | propeller 5 , Axial Glow Reacher habine} W> Mcdern Francie > Mixed Flea: Reathon tesbines) Tmhistant onite of, hydrofowes. plank: Ga) 1 . Reservor o 6 © e © © © e Sup surge PK: y Bel Vhe reaavciy s lembine house Surge Yeu Vis Provided \NmMden bo PAIN mg Ee waten hammmen Presare Problen 1h Pensteck, Awunye bunk akko helps in Maintaining Gongtany head ab fusbind. Penstock! pb y gre tbe pibe thacegh cohich water fs beevehk Wen vetwety er fre surge tamk fe Moe bevbine Chaumle TReige aluvctiys beukes bed FESS cut the Ga ne @eooveceeeonenugy ic Yressune cok exitot tenbine MOY ell belocs cubnoapheric there} ‘4 Aisposal (| Exit water diveetyinto © Abmsphere te nok Sake hence a hye 2 wh gradually atyaging ls osed tocauy, ‘a secon soaker of tubine de dal Teak SAI’ \s aluays submerged ak some deb th beloas teil Keat bevel 2s An coseel Amuse torbina , pressure Temains comak hence araky to bes a not essenlal> a> Terbine ents: 2, e oy, A> Frands Torbine!] *% noord Radial Flow Reachon toxbineg Guide plakes oR Gide Vanes ay a 1m 36 a Spiyal Chamber which is of, gay : iN Ses, Ingrdea to keep constant velocity ol tied oh Srned, [Gdenema, sc ais derrecuel ] i 7 L someccaten @ntered inty rere j : Parmanchisy attached ic casing ahiu, -abe2 te Enter inte Penner remade on on which Cumed Woes ore Gedy urNet Ino work oY APAORDAORKSOSTHHHHGDOHOSDFRANCIS TURBINE: q Mer Ronnee VOne outer diametee Dia at Inlet as Pesiphcrial weloct tes H + eo Runner af amiene Nay= Relsbive telocil} oe - Rel vel . oS ciky ck antet ( DrSaTs \OrSs. sec | csc Nanes ane sarfd to be radtalak antet flora to Blade, e Goide Blade angie of angle bo Uy BV) Anptest Yr with the tangent of wheel [Rennes @) ot antet ee to fo 30°] N= Abs. vetocttqieck anler : Nicesa = Tengenhial compan emk of abs velocity ) Vetocd hyo ante Var) 4 Gammpenenth is Tespansiate “er acing Yerrque tnd =Ney Eram Vec\or Radiat Seermigen ent ay CRaadsial velucity ak antler) Crrmecity of hloctek anieb) ive) Mrs = Relakve vehorihy, uk exit which \e in the wreak 7 Name. An Ren 4torbine yr need Nok necessary to be equal vr, Vangentiad Seloci ty rhe Ronnen ok exit Noei ty abexRaadtal CF lous} Lebo Fy ot ear y NOTE: ARB 1% ad +ham Nlanes ane said to be sadsa} ak | Gsece “exit or al Aovbiney discharged radially JUnvard | yhayn B= 30° > ooo gunk, é e=Ancare of Francs Turbine anorder to Anueste the ebbitionay 8 ik purposely made Ao! + Fovowing Pon's May be noted wee}. Frande Turbines, &) Digchanye Mroeugh Renna CTerbine) — ¢ Gy) Q= A xV4, = ay v a aon When thickness (Aah) x VA Vane V6 negliqin ’ 4 hs ans = [xa ns} er YAo oo \ as cu a A Vanes having. %&, phick nea = Ke wa, by Vg, - ---77 | ke ia coett. onich is account far “weduced axca, ecewbied vanes Fov é9: S-1. aneo ak ctreomfereme is Foamencsae eeeupied by Vane toickness than K= 0°95 e e e e Ss eS 6 ® e & & e 6 & S e e s egoneesUy = “WAN =anw Go pN = TW & — welociky Priangic at aniek * cane A> when 8630 /o2r4 == ee uw or Secs = Wid Gee vs sina! rane = Mir * — Noy = NOTE * ay 6 is not ven Kham in order ko obtain, cee F Nelou ty arian gle cum Pare magnitedes ef Ue Vo, Ab Oy coe es | Bae a NW, 9= 90, edu Neg a>, P oe eahen 1@=a07p amconsn Maines ane (el Radialy ak dalek iy aene9e802900909P ®+ | foe al Vv. | Hany (10-6) = er Uy Vu, } | © ay velocihy triangle ab exit G2 cateAyY When Vara 1s 10 direction of Vous’ {ual Wricosal \Neoaf stor a Zs com el as Vitus ds 2 oi Wea yp when VYeor= % cons) component ok ouvtek ie Qeva ox turbine Aischargcs Fadia euIwoaad Mer =0 Waresd] Sf or) @ Cotmin Case eh Exancie Towbinerang = Nf Wraese |= (ua) + en] . work-deme por see ey Hhewata om Ronn LRonner, Rowe.) = wy lor Waa | . _ momentem = T swork-dond/ = [sec. ANA lor wen Mmesbun wa Ante ‘ meri fp: Inlet Angular Mumentum] cee» ab ouriek _————J Tein, Ea re 6g [Verh - Vurr V2 | Ca) worlk- sone| Bec Tx Fa { Nin, TW? = Vera al 2 pat Mine Sas] i | oes wa or CBA von ce i ven se] | ® 9 of Ht a ~ GI > Onikws- ' Fos Frands, Turbine | i Var =0 ctor done! sec, = R-P. CRUNNa Power) 3 = €4 [vot | @ Vari] vs 8 (vanity 67 Powers of Mmbine # hk S e © e e cS o @ @ e G S G e & © & © e & e, ee@eoevoaoe toar isthe power Avdilalle at the. Antet al, turbine r S wy Avanlic Pown ( wate. Pow) * WROwWP) = 63-4H> Keay e fe = 9-81 KNim3 = 2a c. r _~ wp. \ Herce Power +5 x : & @ > Ronnen Power = work. dene oy wate. on Ronna & . . 600008000000 008 = 38. (von uy- Voda wu | ® Etpitiengy of Ternince:y © ‘oR Hydrewlic ebbicienay = 1A = i watken Power (92, neeo @ gk © a © £ c © © e & © e e e € e © e © e e e e e e e e e © e e OTE? eo Me Mute: @ ©) Ss HP fro= ma rm} ay, beakage in ne Turbine enamben Ae ae i vo way be congidered than Volumetsic &kbrceny a cosidancd as = 5 Eee ‘ Discharge at OFscharge MorrsUgh she turbine by Renna Sane ongle of anlet ™ = See rpm. ay = Tee min Cus a ‘ PB Soe ¢ b = 1Sermm y= 19-826 m/sec nee Nui = Ni cost = 25.096 26° = 23-49 m/sec since << Vu, > 6 < 36 = PS 4 Aan yenthiun *urbine weusks ak +90 7% P™ ean del Dom Gthe dig. ak amet te rgttt : ea ak Lig co &ea>, The cngie Mids Sy See OT en ele Seeenaticn ay se gulch eas brelute and relainve wel ae ce, Hheonmenit pak Sonesta re: Co Acree, mate 4 Selounnt Fides mabe ae Runner. power devete yet Wysrauhic spkitency eeN=Aso REM were M aye aM As) = 0 4M 35:48 M/ gee ya.0% M/bEETore one = wa the outlet dia 1% a ram, The ~eloc yy vf Shou Hersh Ihe runner. lacunitant ob 1eMpece Se Wes apiece blades ane 10° to Whe wheel angen’. Draw whe Amiel B® ovllek veel ci ty Sapam veloute Ff whirlak ourlek 1b 2070. pekex mine 6) Runner Blade ABE ui) Abs. Nrelocity of woken Seaving whe F wi Rel Velouity of worker, ak anlet yhe wheel oF euriet vide blode Quy Width ey : vi Biechange yhasugh TUabine wir Head copped (wis pep svrier Caevelopedd wy aya rau € ebbing}. Ne ar 8: Uae sh = Goo ™™ =a SE ae \ vend = Yer \ Nery Vg.eVin = 'SMisec | Se ee enaoeoaroaoos ‘Bae eo ha ie = \ Neus a “M= =. 63 sce Since Gye Vis ie Se. oo Viay oy a eo ee Sst set vy ¢ 'g Ss é e Se. g e eS S S Se e 2 S30 A Reb R ONS KU O-F2Q Mee, 1) = ae dab NG (249 => bas @am= sovmm sing N60 D> Noy =, VF Cosece Ney 2.2 = eG Ae AS [Neri Yon to] = 21-374 KU = 2-89 M/ gec_ - APBY Masta formula {Apply B-Eqn piwd2@h FesEUMNI ng Mine Ty oksck to be neglected Am Inword flow Teach Sorbine discharges vedi Me Nelodky uf pow rhnsuth Ye enna \s condh. Bo Ynak Noy bran\¥e eyyicienuy oa given by Eee oie > whne 4 ig the Y_ Fane guide blade angle ai % & \& TUNA Vane amgie at aniet hlodes.tana = “ty | Vas ' > VE = Vu bane | Mix Mix. = My = Mente Oo] tenga» = Nf e esi m a Yang = Neo tan Te ice She aeriiiy . out qn Mar) — Up Ably, es cook pers 2 Mosy-Uy = wy vans an 8 Noe Nod Us ix % Sle thy00) ar om avg. head of Oh Be Mae © The ‘Anlek and utetdia. w¢ am 82) veapeehvely The Tronne. lade angle Js ino", Radiak Wacharging velocity ak aoktet Le 1S Mica, A asoming Cunstant cold ag wneel and god: Hydraulic ekhvtency “Dekerming wo. produced, in MU. BR Meo machine Given “ we wom “(22 = 7a,0 es ow ee he a => 4m eae Q= Wdibs Via = lo Go go = AKT bLENS > brs o84™ nian 2e@e080008068080 ee oe Nig abd \ SS Ves 7:5 see a 9 6 @=110 s-an(ige-6) = NA ©. n= eo NZ= Vor an => Na Ur = © 9x9 SG) *IEO Gi: 2B Avian 4 : By selving ea c) BW) Uy sexy 49-$1 ™1 cee ‘iy ase 1A. 2 8 GI 246) % Bexle - 12S. pte=e 7 - ’ et “Nek head O&M = one speed N= 150 1PM C2) j OOF PL} pown = 3230 KW CSP) | WR = 94-1 Neu Coveral ebsticients) = est. Sen fi | We Flowralie = ots Y= ee width sabo N= big = ol anne sia. ohYOnne:: Tk yy of oviler.diq. Also j | an Gbaume G4: Gh whe Clrumfecentiall a eal e§ the phe Mick ness wsunner to be occupied See ES OL Toa cure Nene. Velo Hy 4.0U0 @ bowls Tadial of exit ob y ey by, = AEN ago. = Np = aga23s Kw Wee = wan =wEer ee a 2 ’ y or 3 Nero 6 = oS8 “8]gec ave 29000 e SS ee GE f2an : : Jeans & - 6= «k. Ged by hee" I 27S, SCY = oF046- 2 (ih)y = = Voor a Noo = O84 X9- FIXES an 23-546 = 26-61 Migee since ay Z Vu = Pals gee YG. eo) ——alArea ak exit of Rumer = Area.ak Antet of dragt . tobe = a fy = Headioss Ym ree Ne cokvec theta ie noha + ‘atm =O = IN Zauge scale ¢ E = 10-3 head of, sis oreder, ‘wa] @-- — e 92 @ ~APPyY B-eqn bro @ 2@) = CBry) + 2k zy - ie 2 than st sheuld be MOTE! Since Pr ic below abnesphae eS Such tnak 1a eheotdone’ joss Seteus Velbon . pre shure € @ Erni = © Efsicency uf 4 & iy oelie Cor qing ef KH. inte Actual converging ek > Deve Cmts ete original eHAte s™ “9 ae ‘ xX with Nreloci hy vf a+ Migec, The folal sength a he drapk tobe ik bm B Dom Lenginky the Qragt tube is immereed WN water. ak the @ I atmoabhenic pres 6ure beady (o3™ water. '@ and Lossel head dwe lo frichon In re. : drott tbe 16 equal to 02% \elocity bead ak evttet of the tobe. Find ad) Pressure bead at Yhe inlet a) Egtidenty wf the dyakt tube.Temgential flow Smpluse Torbine oo a wy Head a the ae base of rloagle. {9a needed to stoP 34 nse eamgoatibi, nesansenan games eehiainef Mia Velocity of ger ‘shai King te bucker SN Say Oey |e 0:93 Yo 0-35) —> the wenecohee) ie vexNeal cmd shalyh 1s barigeniss noe & called “heigmiol akqnmen (wh ere ay Mer tcad alignment? is 14 Hot heel ia bu gendad 4 Shoe is eee ee w in buriga’ is —> An the Pelton wheel hemi xpherical Neuckeb fone “tsounted cm whe bitch cercle wich Moy be 15 fo as iN Number poeeoe cet e © 6 6 © © & —> Ae -farcas bessible Leas Meet Veunes sbevid be Pevided BO ak Fe wi nim! Avichen besGes laut speci gicd Sainiewans Sve. Gh ses eee tOebes wide = ea Yrexcen b rege Gl discharge withech Witting whe. \feunes Mewl © Manes veauived depends vpen Sek wala umichia debined as He eft phic CYC tc Aicg ox Ket Ses veh wane = aah SII Oe Fa eo, Tek @eeceegonnenr (Ne vt Names = 15 wil ~ coverne wa Vs geneanty byw lokets 12 a re\nosder Feo aduce “mnaxm. wer dene laut prackically a+ Covtet selardakim of comin 9 Vanes lay biting. ENYHE NOnes ence abpropiate angie of dein back of Qeor +0 16S") \8 desiralsle pick Lossea Vand ane polished on ingide. —» “Wwe hemispherical bucket an@ Wrovided because at will Cancel the ty-compenern oy yerce amd alignment of bucket Com be \resayved. Vheerericalliy Acki. angle ahold be 1§0 Bn osden to MinimizePHeoeoerogroooes HEMET. eee —— D= Olas of, Bude 6 MAWNTD Nyy = Relanve velocity ok anier = VieGy Nay -b Oy = wi} At exit Pes = v2 [DERID angle = isc 9) Y= Nane angte ak exit G= -Ampice bly UW & Vy Mane angle ak anier Melocityy Insiangle ak anteh? y SNe Ai, we wy ARS wy CRME dircehion Amie wey. triangle Feduces FOG styaight UneYuya com= Vy V4,= 0 radial yelou ok ariel wa Lossot friction on the Guxtace of Vane ts Wegll gible tran Niy, ovr.) ‘Nr = NMry =~ ee Whentyichien Logs is A 3 negligible Pe Saf . Bh bridiim Losecsare a (he i ) eattounbed. ext ~weloci mY diagram a Me eee Uno = \ an 4 = wheree 6 S e @ € Ge @ eoaeoeon ® eoeceoannene oe ‘See uy + Varta] Diccharge Anreugh +orbime: 7, Ze) YS = «@s) aM - aa pee n> No of Vanes { a= dia of FEF Ni Meloci hy of TEF \ =WN Sg H— Net head akine Powex aveilable ab Hoe toate of Neagle] beac ef meade. ay oe =0 Gsidp Hi ) (Power avaiable ake rae @ ifes= 8 { Mustiy tonsa] { Cente 3 WS Pouxn anailable ak ne Snlerot yer (vane ese eo Sek oe excend Wy % Mase blowing « A> Per &ecoand BIG Ee > acect * yet Hh AAPLL Sig coe Reuse available at the shake sp. cr Break Power = 2. — Losses2 Bylidensy ck Noage: a Ws = wE-Isec i Rouse ge) take ef Nleaate Cc = by Mydmolic ebbidenay: Y ap. > = — a i WE fee TH : = a { Nery Non ts | ? 4 %) NoTE'— ah Hydraclic ekWaenry is cakculabed mm ths ak the base cf bakis oh power ewcutable neszale Vhen nB= WP = a € four available od the. pase ul, Neosat bo \ eB. [ves a wa : Aosythpen icacls | vt - fre ceunbing she “An xnh* na) ‘ec 8 nr) evooennvrenee po specibicalion fur design of Sh Enbire vclomeot rek ie ney Striking to the Vane Yhan \iolume hic epidenyy 1 » Q= tera volume ok wake orriking the Teh per see qQ= Pletun wheel “TY 947 @) speed. watio & = Sy g isalte caled side Be Jzgn clearance angle a e e sSeaomas © c 5 Angie cy debe TF Soregy poe eecwey Me . NaS eee ea gwen] ex Revi Sey piven inde = Yy=™ ia ek Tek ioe es commaniy SENS adspred 2 (a) No cy buckeks on FRE SUMNCL gneuld be SS Leasod possible 19 usder Oo aemnonae WE \ossed. Bok An-0Fder to Maxi mige Male mesic ERbici ency GYKmum No ch Boek eks ane given by Discharge Hew gh cne wet width eb wockel ea Hmes wasVelhyy wel > Weed ab rhe bakcol Nogate g2™ CH) > Atschaage ef Me Noaate = 0718 coo (@) WP area Tel VS00 mms & ® WY Power available ak the Shabh = 44 kt GED, vY> Meah ebbicioncy = 94.41 Qym=o:34) 6 Calaulake he Powwoer Lows a> An he Mogae 2 An he Renner An whe Mech. bichon 5 ONS - 24-0 m/deb Need wm ack i> @ oe. accel See “ * fo. Ascoxto & we ate Per seumd of Jeb = yx (8) x’ 2 — ¥ & B-MoKoe KG4) =s1-84 Rema ip Ku A avadlable ck the bese ch’ wogaie = ean = 48l ce15 K23 Ses Kul css ak neaale 6b SS Higa = AOE Ku »y Roewner SAAgs -- AGS aechanicas Losses_ Soppled vorth waken ak cp ake af cw lit feel Under a heakot 3aSm. a WE cockets debieak, f Yhe jek lay am angleuf Go’. Gind the hurse | Power. & Bbhreency Uf The bock et Feelin ; j Cys 0-98 & regeding Me brichun 17 Meroemy 20 6% 2 Uy, =U = 12 M/gec G= ISO Li sec eos @ DE‘ Angie = \e@e-O = \eo" cide cleanance ANP OF (h)= 2° Tonner Vane Angle Cus 6. Se: i eelexe teen \ 6-98 Jangern3s - 2563 sec 6 e e e e e © & 6 e 6 ©e e e S 2 a s e ° Ss e 8 2wa % = S8\%o7s iy 2SEV + 0-OSs os {Yas + Veo tw | a Eqgiciency? J C2 RP. Hydraulic Epfrerency Ney = eee es . ¢ ¢ kK &-] second «-E [second = yas Gy * “i % PEIXO-FS % 25-68" 9-B1XO-F5. = Ma q-s) oat 24K A pelten wheel bak Meum bucket dia. of 1m and © AK sunning ak loon RPM. The nek neadm Rae) elas wheel iu FOO M- AL ye side Cleoaance angie is 1S7 amd Atachonge Worse’ we nogale 0:1 Meee: Find “a> Pour available ar the nosale Hydraulic elridiency of Turbine , Take Que t Mou, = ws KH RVANCCU — 52.35 Meer cn tne pelipmudcel= Hoon ovAncoming ‘bocket +o be trichion less anes oeae* ecaoeorre = Gt et Cas) 72 NGS) UE NEBUSE Loreen ae | ee nlogzare ene | 2 neigh BIS | Mes) = ME = WRNA | J x | NY, = WoUys EIS S235. 5 S499 | { Nera = Vr, = 6% 8S M/ sec. | i z ‘ (uals [Nel = Wratese J 6H BCoSIS \e-2€\ MI sec WR = 97-181 soyP) wakes to The head over = o-Is, bichon The turbine head wk THE A pipline treo my beng jyeee Samble belly wy Lo MM wel she moses 16 kachy Rue the BI PS eAAI CE emo based om Ye : in oes + pe ta he speed pene d buse mh mea ale tS wis: te vhcch Sete ea ee seen tmeteed inthe pipe wy MA LOS ave to WAChH ew spced oh taeb Awe v4 (TRA and OPeY avin ees ncts Fes ep hs eormbine Ne. wucr denele ped ne Bia uf Pipe ine We dia ok See Eth WS3I¢ piacharge e@Power fe ey A> Need bur MuLNple Jet peitor cobeel ENE Saeki s w= gp speed is Baded £ Bie: om Raeak Powe Ss pac Je os = eS ee oc . wate availa be aryne base Ef HoH Ee SS oan SQ = 1-e34 M3/ser. Teta discharge scpplied fay pibe = x * = X. pischaxge through each Neaye =\Esa Soll MINE $ pee ee SHS 8 \249-81x 36.0 % Wi = e2Sé “Isee / @ ; 2 a dicchaange dice oh gaahanegsle \ & ton aie ee Oo Sr Se =g. m™ cei Race 41838 = Sars—r Single Tek v\g = Io fe Bo > Melb Tet = 30-0 REX) Francis Fes bine Ng => 6c te B00 Kaplan terbine Nis > Beote 1cce } Unik quanbhkee: ] : ~ josbine opuates: most ebbicestl ak ae design points ab a pan valtan Comma NARS aasan Bet aN prachce nese Vaniagic do nek | FEMNain Constant Were here umcepky ck onit quanbty Vs am pustant to t 1 Q)y Predict the bebewicur ce porbine wetking ak dkkeven? Candiboy Q\) “Fe make the Comparison of Per bormomce of juy bi oe ch vhe same ype ovt Aa bh -SIBE Qyy Ay macy be used ke cumpore Fhe Perhrmanc ey, Kbberent bape wy) cemclaie the GLCEL experi coyta) deka unre speed. at VS Fhe theabical Speed at hich & given turbine would opaate under ca bead of 1m eeooeoaoveedmw Wabine ro + jWead ch 1 (25) Jneor hea) hooves which « nom housth a+ ig he produce under A Yor line wold head ot, 1M ee ue) es pence | Aodel, quanbbes: 4 : ae Lien he Feslds obtevin trem Me @sapri me eumducked om vhe Model We abbite yo rhe Proto hype IM he Ji fpllewing: Sim larity exists: a ‘ = 7 A = costant me D> a ee ee 2 = eastant NY EBB DS Py Rm 2 sos SNP Nea Dm consrant &e a nip bPpail 00 Rin! tori Propeller tos bines mez, Ces & Kableun tosbines arc Sm WW) princi pad excepr helt Kaplan had WHyPprovere| wt. divecKon of PE bidlea | Propelicr tuabines hak bixied | sHrough wively Ppermananetry | t | { over propeica cw are Flexible 1: None’ connected whue Kabaln bh Adienal bol as prowidsed yolk 3 aM capole- Ampartant unjt oh Propetica. Turbines: 7 Bice eeoneo *, = eeone Fey Fhe axial lwo ey Vine Tartbine VS the Shabk te made WUbB Gy Buss. Db» Bich Bere Po ower Dig syeaerjesy reslkine Ve shakh vervical , the Lewerend of Vang er whith js Koown at Geir > shabk ~ ‘aiade Rennes VanesWw Q= ALN, = AGN. No = Ni WS Aw Widiom bossa are negligible Khan Wnt = ve) Name angle ran Do twD_ May change aeX, = : a PAV: = pot De Ur at D= db > Power & Ebbicienay calculation ang Slvlan FO8 Erancisis torbine & velocihy Waqram alto gimilan yo Evancisis Wwibine. spoueeeosooerse® ana Very p evik buinls axenck cleanly Maintain tron calealakens, 7 should be rradeak ovter dia (f= Do] cea TE SE Melody e ysis Viragh rene rere constank a ar] [is # Normally ate é] eae Blades) Sync ng Me Anict Vane Angie ©, Normally > 96 ridin pesiglonce Mri Mia) My be ake,exit yornt when vice, prichon un the waders 6 smi 4 runnan. Ys t A propeller runner twrbine 4 : ae cube ear st te required 40 geatelup Ow E pm: onda zoeod Kit When TONMNG or ‘so 5 ae oe Yead ey, Arming ng drawl ¢ ey 4 = aan exbriony oy 28h ockormine me ee ee %, magn ext Nane Angle ot an\ek peottet oF ee eae ane Aanlea poriek &.anter negligible | i pure alo 4 A ESUMEe Algo deter rsne ak evren “kia, i ateboci bey Oh, pe Mane caleu) laion ak Mean diomeree: | eS \ x «3-28K1SE Sei = 25-525 /see shabt Power = 20660 Kid Xe = © SS se we 2u Gee <- 88 = 2eeeo oss 13-63 ™3/sec egiciency = ing}ay, © 9B-B) *Ny = NA = 8-99 MI see Nh=Vta = V2 =9-50 “ee. tan (igo-0) = / V5, ppg t S0h smal Re @ssas-4-se) Yan (we -8) \S3. C eit Wetccihy dicuyraus rand = Reeak He Calculator FOF d= De hen BRE Qiven that sunna. dia ia 3 om than AY 1B He, Aia-of the FUNNer B AN Caseal the Petton wweel pic Civcle Ata. aheuld be hakers gunmen. turbine hese dae] aim. And hob Aischa ge Myrvueh yorbi ne is me NRA IM Can be taken oh Ach aeumi ng Absence af is 4ree eum tpichivy axailable on Whe tore dene! Sheed Radyo is 20% SpeGbe Sheed.@ o-¢ ee} © Moe oee eo q ‘ _———— _ = 62 Mh gec Wy ( DE - HE IEASY Uys 20% J 2x98) x19} Uy = 3841 MMsec f Sone g4-3) Ns Cspecibic Speed} = te Pee Snel he hub dia ey o Nerv lGegs Seen cori eee ne S fhe OSeysimek Hesrk SE ie \ ee eee er a yor bb) is Tur 8 ¢ xetek ca US, od an@erl, extrome edge st autre) a head ct yim 0 Fiow valio 15 0-26 ay Find dia cl runner ~ by FINA Bae ep Sy Aisemerspe a> Febtume vetucrky Ohjotal bead GP ASM: The Centre Vine {SBM above the water, Levels of Whe Mavhing,” an the Fall. rebhe 8 Whe abi Nratucity O& bow Leaving whe TURNED whee a ye Vaneacn © Abe eollek aia ik \n me vadiol direcKion. @ o- AS X Anthekdiq, We srangenwal & Nelod yok ert Fs vim FS lor B Mike B Vetecily : chy FONDA ak entry is 3:3 emit o Mieec, ADA Velucity ouk the the Araky fobe1s 2-2 Misco, Aesvriing thok Wow BnFers ov snet sibock. (ane nneene) Ackoumine y ovrter Angle By Anrek & eon sy THe a the yAde blades @) ek angle (e8a preaaure bead oF ante Beutlet | oy rhe TUNNEL espume Mok Yes Roete toi) Ye guide ~ wlade, FOPNaA wade lake @ Whe qrakl tobe is 441-, GI. 2 St respec vest of whe available Incad we2sm Crcral vend) cachet Weeatune bead t agees exit Kainenie bead 7a ‘- ye \ i, AryLoss. In Runnn Manes =c-06 7H) = Loss in Dvakr yu be = oes 65; ) Aphly @ Eg? Nw) 5 @) as & et wy) & yu OS 7 & “rel Mead ak Aniek 5 > o-a'soe EAs @ 24= 2% Play + VK e oa t . = at by , oa 5 Ss eaeaeh € eae Pius = 14-42 m => ves Me le eas =i Totdihea ae eo re = iN Beqn Bre anles curler eh Ronmer dine Head ataniet ‘ Seek e OSF * = weaduk ow Jonnen / aygunr te eo Ronnas ieee wleteyse Udilige Mehamical baer’ Soppicd bY Yhe Bhake or abiUige MaN—power. to Convert iy Ito. hydraviic Power or-waker. power, {ruma| [Dynamic bressuce bu: Displacement pomp —t., pees = centyibugal Torbi A Recibrocahng pEAKGe” Ge oars Romp Rotany centmibugal o® These worsen the prinarpte of fosced Pump Ntortex — movin Rum Rec procabing > Works on ne principle ee suthion pressure aye entriqugal ump! ty These boxe bigh eutpeh > Wnigh etbidency sere Geek aes Loto tend & high dischnge. @ ay when Headis Leasthan ism tMese are catled Low ead Pub ei eed Rm ie High head ump Sead hac meant SucKon head prim catty Notre: chen (I wr | single state cembigugal pomp ie nak desirable ther Mulh Sto. ge pump in Series Shakd be used ah in prachcally Cbhoecved Mat whey Head tb bles 1 centrifuged Yamp axe mosk aeaGgeD 09868808rat xe Cembribugal pumps 22¢ execkly Arvense al Fiance | cpoarbiwe Nie entiae Oene tery surwand fasiod _ flow pumps. 4 Ges) | Principle? , i EY awe ce] By lahng Arnpler 5 pressure head ath \ \ \e cacaked 5 ee anne radii | = wr wet ta CUI Fai 2a 24 : } mapthis pressure beadis craved te-abliged te Lit we waka against Manemeraic Head Cathe Bead against minich perp baStO coo) “e TMOBRIANT ONIT: Y eee LEZ e & 6 '@ e © > 6 uged fo prevent entry of, olockaye material otha l yt suchas kad ee dekite i heat Prevrcau'e po Beg Wes PRS Tsaluwoayt betes elon sie nid cone pie eee ee a) be emby ef heb rib Pin sn eeoengennene® pus yay Nebo Weeganient eLwakenhammer WIOblony- EE OEY, Norker cr Whirbool 5 Notvte with Cauide Blades, Vanes, { ra \ Aa Se = SS \ *(- 5 }> whir\ pool space —> whirl heel chamber \ 3 € > Ampeller at SS SS Annular . ; Sn uibirpoo! chamber an Ree spaced 18 provided bite casing 2 ample, is axkangement feet She kormatien of eaddiet and %INEK UN AWN PONE: Poyormance Sn care cl) Volute Git Gwide Vanes , guides are Provided to divert the Wotker , probaly such bumbt ane called dibhuier burp or turbine pum ‘ oben a Wiese arc adopted when pumps ore ‘conpecte: BcaAicA for mul BIAge bymP na. + Thre have maximun Bbbiciency but Less Bai sherry when ofextaling condibing ave flactreding {° Yower or head) belle ; teem VL Pa Ab is the Worahing Unit OFA pur sie 40 Tenna vnit of terbine KS AmpwA ox GtOIL Curved Nancy ©0@0200690080 @2oeoGg @ 0.%dvschoage, % sizecl Ampetler - | weamt quter diay e e 6 Ee e © e e e e é e s e e e e 2 s =tebe Woe avtiek width Foilowing points May be Noted: : : q ‘ mc WO aren od Yow: L566) ‘ aes (264 2 A= Wah, 4 when thickness of Vanes 3a : | negligible = Weckiots = @&dy—ne)h > ak trek nessa eath vane ie & & thee are Sami : i nn Vanes sim\laly ak exit oe Ab = wdrbr a 18 = @a-ne) br ©) Tangential velocity or peripherial velocity: & \ ea fo = oe Q.= wan \ a : GO ae oes : a) Biscton gs Simrogh t= bomb: See ae | NG) > Radial componente. i bet Veloci ts f eae ca! Vip eh yGB s Tangendial or ped Precial veloc! er +d > Vane Angle ak exit P< 90 yvaneX catied backwacd cucved @= 30. vaney are. radiay abexit oy 90 Names \Oandes couved { Angie beta UikV p f= 30 Then — Hence iecharge in sadial at Amick, 9p Meant water Eniccs abt Apleb witheur whirl and I, there inno impacr Loss hen discharge i& Baid to be whisl « shock corthout\ work done bersecimd Incale ol Yor eine | aio i yoo, Uy = Nenu] oe 50e ) = wa 8. | Me Sui Yor a] For maxm power Veo work-dane by Ampeller on water] cec = wa { vw.th| 3 . Ampellea power | Rotex pocwer_ Ampos tant pehinikens: | A. stabic peod! 4, we gueion head + delivery bead ny head = hs tba | §yichum head in six tien babe“LTAig is the Wead agalnad moe nas to wosk, 4% bore Mano metaic. head > Lotser aan (Ac sumi ng Yoor= o| Werk done by bomb | eccfuniketot = wate __ ah Losserare negtign ble ak ourlel” m= oral energy pead dak Aanieh ~ Total enagy Peo 2 ri ae = (Ye. yen lh -( 25 Errelocitg Wy delivery Ripe) No CE velciky In SUchun pipe) L ! nregl (gi ble vend (5) Powers ef Pemb' cvers OL L —__yrianome tS wl Power. Manometric Civates)XQ — > Maneweric Powe. = WA tw Eypictensy ¢ > Mechanical PRB Mey) YQ 5s) ‘ Ne) 2) bay eee ¢ ¢ - i ( a> Manometaic Syaenay > | e aS irieee ° = Mano. power caluuah on) emp: pow en deline ” a > 4nan KMIne © =~ wat fe > » pO RSD p> r Seine) =~ arn co Nur By overald SERGENGY 1] wa OE | SOM eaecys OY \ an: NGTE: si Leakage Losbes ace alse accommted than Nalame tric Shi clency “pinchaage ak dchivery point Ww = tae vischange ak Ante = a/(grae) i 4Q= Lossok, wake Shrov gy casing hak Loos oh weter Fakes place Ak mag be noted Amber Pates Shier Leaving Ye cach PER endy2 6g eveanerronece¢ minirnum speed should be sucb thak bead developed sneins be -§ é Yreaten Shan Ym, ow i ee ZT i = \ Sa i sere oa tall w-—> Rad Sec =2AN - el +, => dy. ee Sag » ea defy enpédad: cor a given Valve ol co. Hm AY in possible to work-suk einimum dia of ampeller (outerdia} © nich We Gel requiredatae CUO EG of water eel as a5 ab Maciti-stage centrifugal PemP: 7] vo pecduce high head , Arnpeller sheuld be connected 17 Scaies. AR Vy ne of Ambpoles ans Conmeated 19 seich zs 2 each Life Manomebtic heads equal to Hm) thon PO ont ore Yotaliteas bigved= Nm or Fene total discharge Fomains comskant a Ponaltek connectt: =. Smpetions oO jpombs cre movated * er parorte Rncacase the V [read= co pazattel te Ears diacha rye Total dwharge = NA Meal ead FEemeing cup stentGs - - (rw p> nr /” StN Ge noal™ ee 3 me os)™ Shecitic Sheed of pombs: VL or ‘ orb wrt vrbine we eas cm = Nie WIS i. ten) as TRema cavitokon & WEGMA Numba sy] An centswgal Siro peer Whe Pressure is Minimum cm ne UnNdern Side of, Vant ak entry whe Nalpun yresuTe Mong toc Lorn stode Vakour ressurce carmicd to o vegio of high pr neon. © to exit whete bubble ceilapse cating pitting: » Seca. demage to mera SM nee, dl \lame Tips ar exit susprreable her wiaker orm. entry bb Be ay ace he most ee jammer athack . Thecefer ebbect ol, cavikaho ee! pitting % eosin of sunrkace SVe Ao continuous ‘narmecin Sudden aroy 1 Peepeecnanse 1 16 Bpriciency We pump Noise & Mibrahon cosjlosimn problengEs NO ONG. — = eIISKA BQAINSY a sorvay nead of 4on7: he WS =\c00 pv Srekoci M o ovo ANBVYY impede ‘4 cunétamk | B at asm(ser. WE Soy. paxak ok O70 | 4 angie {40° ak Oo _ ay me Se ee FEV A sch ampere i \so om = enidty 2 CONS 1x Sov Qa so nen dekorrorne COIs) | ap vane Angeot an\ek 275 | ar,=05™ ample |seo woken Dy wurk- dune & manometric ek hi tenug Je with 60% with Vee closed > wake ences into pum Mion Ve Cree > flee = 289 ee) Yyan4o = ve a See iead) Mearnowa eb esbidiencg yan = Go ROSA OOo = 4m Sa phe Mas Micce = veya EVEUCKN Pouleh. (carbs) x Nb as eee 1966 MAG bey ain bee, CF PP t . ast x olde PRIOR ZOUE Neo hi ‘ ap eee \ 8 = Wa-3 kd.woHen TUNning at coo Thro Mrachanger cur ae mate Of S000 y(n againir a headet BS m. The -twatu a enteu the ampulla. wither Whirl o &@ Shock. Whe anne dic js 025M & HE VANS Bley Gash ak inorle: weaniamcles, +S S e one eq tet which {s um antet to & eotler ay me Ampeller ef 070 &™m> determine @) Monomeric Lisi dena} of tpumb aiy We Nane Angle eienn tele p cowmontasio Gil akan eed St wnfeb tae ren E work « so Wer C2 Take Like 42% ¢ The sakun & ‘i The & Rice. Wye wore OTS = wie) am is secur Libt: Aesvenk ores gots zoum va, pridsun Lash FF sdosien een is 6M © ee Noce ucnh eonemee = ako q Saree cai Bade, cnate is ay Te Aischarge ay whe gum and at ae by —- Pnesoure : : poink. p sms Retharhess hea a> Wimanemetic= ru, | mate _veaun | = Uetrte +i ‘ cat leattate = 4gm M2 =1163 tusing eeih sfetecitg diagram Ab Sit 5 hXNG = Gdibs) XVA = 0:23 4 Iz, lee unser fel Noe aan ew Roa My Ore 33 feaBese wotk on WE Main ports: y, Loring: Re crank is TO sate oeuce © oh ; pause aqua cE Neat Se aie eae 3 peo psec bia Stokes sracted ound when commpattes . Ve ist ih Mov 1% \ ny the caytindor yorand backward . caylnder = Ayea ‘gy OP extecnal 5 A> Area of ey Piston Lengan of Saal = epiinder chamber ep =o 8s eacetn FAKES place oe a gs 3e18e > eee ee = 30" wee when when o = Ane vcetocing Gl, P um ee ee aetivrerny SHEHE a 30 Beda ee gute => wpetecity 4 Max te gucKien 2eke e ig ckosed & oy Actively a aati! only et Whar delivery Yaly ie oF neice Eee :ay Dischage Ahrovgh pump]. Lek W be the Thm. ch crank A eee TeNolY of Crank one = Not ol water disthaged = AL ere ay so wank, Wee ace N ven Yhan discharge Whme Minvte h= “ALN Aigchaage mM ene Sec: = LN] gy \s= AQ NSRPM D4 >= Power. Requited: ay \e= od WW veavired| Harcqyired = (bet ha) + west ed al Negteded yom 4 = hatha \ mi AE wa Che+fa) COMMENTS: er er We discharge \irevgh he yombp is not | canVi nvows in Nature bhea elyre pow en. | Feqoired is guctaing | ; AP Reciyrwcaling, pombs are avitable bey i eS : ‘ head i sist high sucvon head % LoCo helivery her mare, bh Low discharge, An order Yo Make the conbinuoccs nupbly Of waker dovhle cehing bumly Mey be ded.exrpeoveonano t nente haw > SAL, Apply BEAM big Gy ans® pe) ee {Beir wit afte + Pre} ie 7s, Ly poss anjsuctin PE 2462 + 4Pd mo ZKoS! >2smet napour pressuteat = aw'e “Apy BEAD bio © andO ae z We = Yoh + he alba ered) 9 g yess on iy = todr a ré > pum Shain 1Sa0e: 7S Wee ig tbe tory, Av Antake welt to a Akchig ei robe undoes oe Soon qe guchuy & achinecs wr bes ane aemsS spechively dia eh pipes TA conghant="S shigis ef vorking each 5 hss ab p esenk moter comemed |S ; cel Recommends rag Gu eet\S000 ~ BAILS Mlgec LER FORGO sec 2. bras eae — wWwos aria. 02 < 578 : ‘yal bs qxo-ct x GeHisy) % ws) ans)> _ ).96™ Tax ©:5)* é Hw = Here SON aah = 2ar9b Manometric howe = WA Hm ee i E = farm (vp) es pen es eee “Ol, pump wequirtd = vase CSP) Erase fet Poh omeyump RUD eSE ae yo @2003920808866‘Two delivery Pi pe & Yue suchuo Pibe via. ot, Dia. o Piston Rod =a eee = */y 02 Lt . un ye migik wl 7Pe piston aS \ 23. SS 2A.) Total Solow e ssexwolorin of Crank see yet 7% (wr-a?) | %! Aelivened YN CME MnO [waa away & wy} N eC heat of, water delivered In me Nolume ol wake ‘7d bee precharge | xec “Ja parse (ey Go , gh ares,Power Required : [Pa a) Power required {er dovbled ay May be noted SoeKied bur ak though the oferabnga tuetSé Amercased “OV Anstolaben coshls Margi nal Sips a5 = Btreoreticar — Aacknod ee ee OO Q theore Het == (eh) loo \cs @ebbedend of Aicchaige - —Ne slip: = evhen |Qactual > Athenrerica} ah cuine OL Me water coming $rom suction pibe Alrechhy entorainto delivery pipe &ithoot emMaing into. Hist Chamba we SNP occuré cohen . Piston is moving ol vey high speed WW) Lengm ol, Aclivers pipe Is emay Etsect of Accin Sk PStun on the vetocdty of suchen and Aelivery pipe: q, i eee cas) Velocity of piston =a = x sine Qe,. Ve & ) = TS1n0 50 STR) Nirox ectorsat os ny, delivery Melociky ol water in suc Wenfand Oe ngs ate Aiea ise OSE aY¥= A\iLany aeaccle rahon oh, water in pipe Ara) x cose (ey ge)} = Acct, in bibe = |x = Gay tH |x = Gay to cose thay ak O=0 BX yequired © Forceain suction wakec [| Pipe watn — Masg x accel? = (gary x Ala yw? C020 papal ater aes © = LA Tw* coLD \ Preeszune head in ibe due to Plsten movemenk = Ve. PL (Aq) YW? cose pressure he Pleg pQavesrar | & Frichen head an suchion > dia op PibeA the PT kkm, \n amblete revolukun 4 crank. ... ‘ IT Pato seal "Gee 1S ——___5 Stroke Length Adeah Qndicator Aiag ram whem Be ie neglectedas eypeck PL acciM. alay Neglected. nm Padles at Paro ee 8% > Ren oo Pressure ead OF Aten OL Andlcator diag vor wa directhp ropa diem to Wis charge ANI Qk Power hence Aka Andicaroy Aiea ram of @ pnp Maier than Aischange eorhor and VOWEL Consumed seam be Compared of AWo bumpn, @8888600S08 oe a es agains o mbes B5m > 283) pod The ciatinden bere dia oh & Single aching weer pouc aking pump i2 1Somm and sioke | VS SoommiRe ‘pup runs at So Wm. and woter| A&B Lifted +0 0 begbk o£ 25m. The bengin! wh detivecy pipe le Lg=-22 mm ana ; da = toomm Find the +teoreical dvschange & power required to Sonning the “pum 43} achvol Aischange = 4-2 Ueg- Find ths EMP. Algo determine acein bead atthe Begining amd mide of struke A =A], D> D = 1S0 mm ’ Ss) xO-3KS0 3 feu) =a LL = 2n= 300 mm : N= S50! eas ba = 22 Qa = 42 tle. =0-95 Cas S8fq.a2 1 SWP = 4:48 -42 x90 = qQasi eR *AccIP bead = pressune bead dveto ancl wee beads 1 suchen pibe aa fase Be fox cose so (SA) elgg k ies AEM Meydin deli veny vibe - ch OVP MTOHRHOHE OME OMADNetocily a Glow dram Antel to exit Temaing cunshant ak he aadine AKACHAN YES Yadiathy go hak Whe degree cation (P) an be. eypressed’ Ak . eee . Sones cota - Cots wre ib Yhe Yonne” wane angle cub Ant-! & YE Me Quide blade Angle & Aegnee of TXN- debined-ag Yabo of, Pressure bead dyvbed to the Dydravlic werk-dome IN Me TUNNer mcssume Phak Losses In Phe Tonner: ace negli’ Pressure bead drop bw Anleh sounek oh Renner. work dune Ly he Waker ene Tenner | sec. Junib we: of water Peas Ph 2 . Nu vy ass “PMY she eq WD 474 Ne 2g No Lossey © ore eungidered. Up = Very NE Coke Ma core | Why : ! *Nwy = Vp, Cokad = ys vei[_cota-cof Oy Nes 5) = Vit) cosecx}—© | Tr corzek aa va B MG Co Reed BNI) coke % VEY “Cake “ “core ) sale EAS Rae cova Curva Coro) Cott A UeFe Coole L-coya) woke 2 Ceora- coko) Sok & | (oracorey | |» Vi =tons),A = amst, A=Gnsl [¢panndst Uniform i y Ove 20) @ cunbe Prisma VR VE Coey QVvr- —» dep oh lous changes over & bong Aiskance ree] Diun-un form > Mo Lossel enengy Sk brichen Loxses | 9rAG negligible RVE > depimel flow changes Boddenly ® dissipation Energy déseatpbin Fakes place ot he) Poin of Tumb Yurmation unikerm Sr GNF — Glow = comstant achrh Non- onikorm low-— Laminar loco 1 pen channel s00bm Lanna Tombulenk Rs Mydvacht: Radius De Weydraulic Mean Septay Ree Sobeatical | Tronquil | Streaming| stable @ C Velocity Lous, depp of pte igloo ww m. ak Fr=\ = cribul Flo = = ——~ sepmcriWcal Flaca: J, ED A‘ ERS] > sopercrivica) Flow |shooking, Rapid | onstable plow. CUM, depin af plow bow) V> Mean velod ty. = Va D> Nydvaviic vey ip SA Te oh wid th A = Aree of flow \3 mya depth = Ala = Mdfe, =“ = deprhof blo \ An cose ef, | Reck. channe os - i 2a A Dp KOKI MY = yh “ydsalic depin= Ay_ ~ ees 9200799800808 90080900? og) yl= diskme Vimax wy a-@yte 0-954 = {rom bo! i = -95:Vmas} [ues on] ( May be blo oeste 29 “). st - Ly peice ak Bunkare Verean = Val Nurcanm 2 Velocity at o-6g trom eee 2 Mato ay + oboe e UNIEORM ELout: a Methods to determine Vetocity § dischig: @) clesy!s Eqn: = slobe @ the chaneel oun Area uf ploce R= Nydmutic Radius chesyl4 constant can be C Eeteck ve -tengis sotevlated oy ine Kutter?3 or Ventimctect me Sqn and « dc vend: cheavls comstent ae te \ cast eeTasfes* eel ANcLAgEe or Meany \retoci Hy ja bindoot Yan mng's Equahn: y, Be x ie RAS sy. N= Manning's V= 2 4 \ 0s Rugesiky cunstank ecceal \c= Yu RY, \C Emp. ' ea ‘= <= Pa ae RYA= By TWlatted Perimeter = S474 R= Alp = 38 Bry D= NWydePh= AAD ph \sectiun Factor = — ae \eewse |” B ‘ Civcular Secon» 4 L peos® : + Aves of Flow area = oer-alerruy x oe Yn (Ra) [o> 8adian Teb widthr = aersineY Cietked Perimeter p= 2ERB+2ny - Ee ees iy R= rng) | Oa ilehtedlbevimeken. le Brey Tare | Parabolic channel : “le Madractic debi, 3] Bethin Foclur Eo 47a Xe 84%, \ ! = t slcA pevimeter p= B+ By x = 3BA yay?S e e & € € eoe Oboe @evnoeOee \econ te 038 For Very Rovgh FUT Bmoohwy Mned channels. Eandhe 7 channep 03 Backing ap ap wwaken Ip ASM Cor Nes oye — i pti eakar Sarge de toe ‘canal, ; Sagas pnt tae pomp occusiny PCP Pyare uked —> lun over 0 Bacher We spariatly 2 ay \ ve ne \— uasteasi eye " aioe se ee ease Fesucge moving up 2 conall 5 aeapidey vueed ae fraellin A? a hs acted. —— surga7ee Runsiy we Spareally guest okesistance pays an Scifotant Role. faker ack G ie Lifilen ae varied —> Passage § aelead 40 GUE, Folttigal I GVE, RVIE nha ffloa” & ek7ceanally added spatiathy f.38 erkives dane obloce 1 added or Manning, to aa frax — R Shoevld be Mar” foro Yen co R= Alp For Ryax —> P should be Rei Minimen wttted berimeken p — Br24 Rie am ey Fer Pmin BP fay = 0 sap we \aeprn a flow = y, widah Wydrovtic Radius R= Alp =eae tals ES P= 6424 Fam, Brany s Max™M A ak givenarcq ~ PR sheold be Minimum APfay = lay =o P= Baay Trey = Afy my at Tne - 8%, 2 Appa 0 a2 Sen Y= cae Brny)? n+ 2 Jn =0 ee ean a aeons) \s Ee 2 =e = eee Fay wae Ay = one OL ing side} ye ay ue ee stop 2g eee) B= 4/, =) [ROU a: B+2y Pray == Umch ia Dyes ie 1 Cr c © © & & e e 6 6 é eG: © & s e Ss s S“Aes =3] For an economical trabegvidal gechn aide Slobe WIN be at nH lv > P= 4A (Cn ty,) i : ,) = AA (PM) A Triangulas. stction lohe sg06f wevurntcal 9 Epi ag fe ——.CI\RCUL4R SEcTtOnI: - Uy For Max relocit cndiion BY For Maw Atacharge condition ( Va (B=). | Gg ar wr dices : Ls maanning'’s eqn ak ARYL cheat Eqn Fer Nmoax— R should be Mann. A = pr e- sin22] ae yy PL ooee a8 SRigg= 0 => ShoCFley =? x e. as) aes —— Qjaeose PR? {1-Cosze | A BR) Be ao hep san ees ee oe > Triat sHit nea veee|a Jeane = a0 |My g ; \ =o-R0D]— j Remax 20:30 maven Eur Mos dischange:y, Posing cheayls ean: A= CA RYa- Sia B> URing Manniig Eqn: zy, B= Vy “A RY, Ss i ey Qmax > la A): law? RY>| => 2-565 302° 20! a SS \= db PN2. = ~Rurax= (AR anax 2g= So0R° Y= o-95D So RSaRd SSMENT:—> Frum Yeehinical consideratiun Manningls : TRAUIY BLE Mure *elalinhic becaure Mannings ni bared m airtare Yreat THUAHNERKR Which cam be Atreck\y wine ak BNE oanbi Fea. Cumpobng cheaylic ixi ry oS ph 2 So channel “Perttum. ~ bottom globe. Total * Sear iae we ee ao bend = & 2xgr Aesuming Uriterm velocity OLseiun A=1 i SY the WEEK “channel bottum ie og taken as’ datum than total erage paconit wt is called speatic i Specific Enexqy! ‘ Enexyt. For GNF. specific encay ia comstant ‘ E=97 ha case: 38 Fue Rect. cingular secon \ \ a 1 Let discharge pee ont width q> Qa ai eee 5 the Chg) “Yye Ee. f@0ee28e@@0938808 @ & . BARA = 8%, Emin Enain > \& = 33-4 |} Fer Reehangula, ) oat, = 3g-45° Fer Telangola, B 6 ~ gee Fux Parabolic For GN. Minimum specific Enexgy occu at a which there, 14 GY ONE depth of flow called cai6cal ctepy, Y Flow (ye) + At means at critical $l a Shecific Enexgy 7S MIN) mun. AY ofiez sh. enagy thece will be hoo depth of flow HAY, Known as alternate dephha.. er Rectanguler Seti Ye ts critical depin Pier] Entin= 3, Emin Fur Paxaboalic = ies Exim: Fur C8lorrgotuy © ; oo At caltical f1oc0 Git muy $e be proved that ee ‘ discharge iB Maxm fur a Rech angolac sechon, —& \ 2, < Fury Enin, 4E Jay Ge sult een oa orer ty Che) > 9= (%) at Emin, Y= Ye y2= 4)[— Nelid For Reckangdlac * secbon. -A 9-40 | &= Emin _ at aysde , 2° a | ical 4/00) , ter Rect angola sechun cad 18, heot{ of potenkalt bead. aero parobolic Sechun! yp e jjeccsecrnRect Seth For Triangulax, sechm D= Ae = th vex Ta, | Far -faxo bolic 8eckon Dee od Ne 2dde ae! critical debth fer Non-unitem channel] a4 =o ay © dAfay =r sh ay I: 4 = 202 2am Fur heal ec ctitcal Flocw dElay=o See baa 8 Fur cortical Flow pslicabie fur Reckangulet or Miun-uniqvm secho,AssumbKons: 7 : Coee chezgla Furmula 3 Manning Furmula le used Cath © £o 08 Eperaysispe } @ VUE Rotkm slope af the charmel 16 very emaly WE channe) ix brismabe, Enexgy corveckon pechris 1 Dre eciige’ die te ROROPE Ne Ga, Nyeroshanas Digchange 14 constant, plow te sready. independentol . the | channel is Roughness, Coett- 4 paken constant through the SepEep loca and Length of channel. slope is falling 19 4toww dtsecken. S20nter -So] Energy slope — SF channel slope \de zbhRS BE Hh teokal Energy 3 me ty NE a a2 fact Wax ttex| YFSFlax = dBfgy + Wiag- YE ° Max SY fare | = dE}ax~ I2/ax Wars jefe). To Iay “Agnamic 69 yr GE Rectangular sechen. ——— 3 4 jqe = Sa=Se J rex Rechangutey eee channel * All Sechens: avlax— 82 Se es Encasy slope H diphereatrad < Bner9y ea? Gur pes to cheaylg eq?) co neal depthot pic Nurmad 019© Gory) |] LS Loe} | C8 Y> Actual deplh of flew a Yn» at is thak dephy A be at which foots onitum dijon > Rate of change of debiy fac oat channel bottum 4 ee So deptr gf flows Anaeating in direction af 5 | ‘ Ly Backunatar $00 dyfgx 20 > depth of pow 18 constant Oss difia to —> veprh y plow is decceasing drawdown curve. r Backwatoc curve © CNCANe shape) | ao ees eee ——— ~ Lchamel Slope - nFlew Cunec® rstops ®cupaainesh — fue’ Ee pardon as conve (Shake: py CAL ;Since om owR HYG] 7 erat deprh of Floco chamgee over a Laxger Lergth heme tis © Tdinon beyory the, BUS GwF. - or a given digcharage normal depth y Hwa Cam © be ealeviated ax follows: 7 Normal depthef flow. v Gee videpines Hoceat which a. For given valites of maannings N Given dincharge plat ANd = chesyC and for given & Sei ana Valve of Qand channel bothm ae ee Slope. Sé phece will exist me « dep of Flood (Yn) at whith he Onifurm loco will be maintained soch a depth of Foe is called i Norma] depth af 410d. ~ che king: P ‘ choking’ iuj, asatec cucfate elevation Kant aghated by Me condition ale section(s ttl a Gthical stage & St achieved » @) an cue Hump sa all Bad dam] — Ys aatce depin a caltak= war att [A2>4amaz]—> dy Ineccaset on subextncdl Jaro ol pys derceaier ay Sepce Es. GB) Aecue oy ay¢eith Utada: . a depes ord cmutaml son, Bac Bam[—> vis dePtageet ® change enseb ay & cxckeat emdélim ak@) q prevequiwie fo chikory per 5 [Ay > demas, 2 Maintatn the same Sp Encegy © T5e depth ep $e can be either PR= 4) on. PRI 4; Thee tece bare same Sp- &nexgy The AInteccebr PRU en PIR nepresenta Fhe velectty poras Sei (PR=4,) 1a era ek ee bata tacge yetcuty Porch Ele Ose (Fal = 9!) bas Q Larger depth anc Cmsequently a smatier velocitye bead. Fan. & Pivery @, ay the sp. Snecgy ie anerenged the diffeence bee the kee depth incceaye, difference (s'-9,) cwill dkerease value & wtecnate St © 18 decreased , the and a€a certain Ee AL the Lwer Limb CR of the Sb Sneegy curve the depth yi <4] As such kv = Yel and [EB >Fe} "> Superexiicat Flood Region pe ‘ [ar > ye] UG Sich cpher Limb crt FrekeyL deleting Mormal dept of how buy Yn. - R= Vy ARB oly Qs & ARY gv g setermine critical depth ef plow Yc S Actual depth ef plow. y. G)_ Mild slope : a @ ic Be oe et acu ty w |So Se = = == =C-DL Ye Gu . < _ ian —> Nurmal Mild Slope AL stkval debrh wy glow y ie Such that - (a> nred Ls man Scape progile iz Mi type | Mi brebile means nNoymml dehy Lime ia SeaPROVE, cmd tend to become hovi 3ental. dig toworda actual debth Line. he curve wales is, back«iccter and viting henee& & e eS a & € é € € a & é e é pe & & & e Ss S e ay. Wa. Sy 2 gn |= Ma probile will be furmed means asymprocaly to normal depth tine and Norm to. critical deh inthe direc vl El . The wave is druudown As gym bie cally rope Yes a co } Di _oaNer onl Feo S \ ss 2 Pia CooL MB Ma Cuwe profile are termed when \Fr aq]CURVE 16 Backecoater ane d Glow je. M) paogite Meeks AcymPe Heatly ro, » NDLand -Rises anime dixech’on ef flea, Bem ae SVC], Chan Ma poubi le ie formed rae Mg peobile mesmbctebicatty fe wept ana Meet. normalcy toc DL. The curve \& drawe-Aowin 1 the divcehon of hlow 1 2M) Profile ace 4ermed when fluw ore of Sib] type basting Cyned Me Less than 1 my brebile ta formed Aa people tg katk unter case curve cohich 1% nurmal to channcd jostled chepe slope B © 0-L- Ma curve in Aremed When blow ty, SU Praarineala4, slope ia horizontal vianiprmal dep CN love Fenda to antlri hy. Ad yy A Ra SY 70 D) > [n> SS] Ceer bori gontal slobe) Aaaumbtokie ney re oto Wy Profiles; are nok Aormed and Wy BONE docs no¥ exis Vue ON PCE ay ae - Anan Ha pobile \s formed — Ata down CoTve. Or te Va < ‘el — wan We \pro bile is \urmed t — Backeoater cuucve. 2 cri¥ical sicker q, Yy when channel bettem slope [So OF thie Stage plow hs eri ti ce By bn will be Eaqnual toy. Beeeoerrraere= nF. Aasumplorycalkty ~ Liaackware] > COL BND Ae Same 2 saad Si =feareonie] = G So= Sy) Wo ce Peele does nox exter, BS Sk WSan Ss gy brobile CW > Sackweler curve ak wean > ca, _brohile xo > Gasdown wre... Backwarey s*eeb slope : ah + \So>s.| xp, ics) 2a)* Yn will be Amagiviany so Normal d Find Sormal debir of blow eur Ray Vv A= ae MYse¢ Ovneeoseagn anVr & RMS Sr L Qwyn) [ Ie “Ye, ols | ve rd (0001) %>. 1.909 Cynt+5) Qn = 2°3%™ s Bas > CRY Frial a bit Method ) > Find critical sebth y= WR = Bofp = & M8 /seclm @7q) — > Fer Rectangvlan 2 Ya = .0-99 mw Yc = =) since tn > Yc the given slehe ia mild slope and achval deprhy how We blo Yo 24 Mheceker SuTkace prvypile will be ™, since ofa sige]oa Ls» channel slo Pe = So Ep = sp energy ot sechin @ slope of Enaay Mines ead sechin ee zi Rae 3 mid sein gps 8tN2] Se in given by A RYs Se? Cen A= BYy> achinot ae p= Bae, b = Se ae ha = RopesAY Mid depth Sen 43, x Gower [ste Te oo >. Se ; Lore Se = 0-00043 =2-5, = Pesan = ©) 1003 Sead p.ope| —9-20043 Ax = 1-003 Km uls to SecKen Q) @r the cae. she channéd with abun . So She cage EY Gordes cauthicion, al Mok Moe Ule watex —surhuce enabion ek fu the condibeng + s=Bon@ echienca. 8 he Cute oo Youre Thora & the Ofc, Waker depih iz constant = AZ> Admay the Us deprnia & Ghent rem ey ae parebe euse ac es lense 08 choked condiliens,; » Analysts, of jouw MWrovyh Me channeds When sees ME Seckon ia bramatormed Into another secon Soch channd& are. cabled FransiBen chaynd., & Flow over raised channel both slope &e: Proad crested weir IF . Flow Moreugh sluice gake opening, Flow threugh Rectangular channel Transition = 1 when sne widanel ne channel te reduced, at cain done ny ‘ ay sudden tenbrackim boy Gradvak Unbrath ay AN swddenly Cuntracliun Lossol Enexgy Ye San Mure Kon: Graal cuntratin vhecekur al pradical purpase SF coraduol cuntradiun is Prefexced. et) A oes oehow ts cobaibeal. (Fe21) E ah bow $s rons mM sech thak Vo_ Aecveake\ Hhay Flow will tend to became @ arivital end debt will tend to beame criWeeal__bence. Lomening of) Waker Surkate. amd tupe -Q corve will be kermed pee: — ak flow is sppacrihical ak sedi a -0) than at sechim @), Slo tend to bewm crcl hence blow wi rise wi be obsewed, Vn achal curve & Sh ew is Pharvgin smooth branslKen and theve: is mo chamge \n bed Lene than Ea= Ey S8TE*— ab Sa is gortna cuntyacted even ato - Ea hat reached ‘Emin Ccorresbanding to criicalh stage) Phen Piling of, wate in Vis wWiIM ocetre and blow will not be Rossible at original dekth Ya. = “lows OVeA Local wige in +he channel BIOPE7 7. B LAAHAARMDAAARHRARORARAAADA Flow over Local rise is called hump §loa! Les consider aq peckcungvlan channel having ats a bottum raised oy am ampunt A. ae 1) RS ee ae ae -¢ ee ores Flow) ¢ cot : Ge “ € soe Scat 4. % ¢ 2 ek & 9Gee eaves) ee ak dow Err, 4 Rarese} oR Tee v | els Az+es | @s' > 91) t THe Maa height of hump: ( az=Max) wilt Be obtain when point @) mM the SP Ennyyt COANE oc when aebth of, sedim@) cuncides 0 1%h CAWcal Selbty ak hak sem. (2 =%e) Thus (low oven raised Sediimm doi be Boe Coie een [B2max = E1-Ein| ee gnoreased ay the height af bumk 1% hunthea WEA Saya ee eC Az! > (A2 max) than slow at given sp enngy =i & ak given depth gy wilt net be possible which will resort wh Ping ef, water. Hence depen YB will Annease » Causing wn Anucose Yn sp Energy of approaths Ao, ? : wakenr Lerel ak seeKen Q) will cumbinue ko vise onl) ct sechm @) LOW wecemes coli cal. ‘ aeanhaeaac > oh © Whe Anueased Sp eneegy Vs obtained Ws eeneeorrergonoer te 36 ber ast =.paps! : 269) i AY WN be aos ak 9 depth of g-s m. There is aamooth transition, jo™a eck. Secon om wide acempined lay a gradual Lowering oh channel bed by 086 = €ind Me Aehthat, water. Wn the wreck: sch B — Shamge Wn weit oe Sue Lewel. os age \evel in An-case the doh of, Waker Sart ues ae to be Yethicated, 1 929M whe amemt of bed musk be ee B28) ned chanel CN= 0-014) 38 of, HTabegoidal Sethe with one. secK-side wealseak con bother, Side oy slobe CVS YW) ah the channd Isto be deliver A M3] gce when LALA Un a Slob of 7 ©-D002 calevlake rye dimensions of, Bs blclen > Sechm Which Tequires winimum’ bining. Also Calaulak est edin A edocity : 4 Ww 4 reat} ee ag es Far minimum Lining > PF shevig be MID mum P= yee = ery [iy Ye B+ CBN) ® e e e e e e e@ 8 e e e e 6 8 & 1A= (ayormsyy%y Bs Aly - 0 SY P= Aly OHS at 2-8 ~ 075 +28 =° lay = he - x > we ea > (azese| aos B= 134] BY abblying Manningls eavaton = Vy ® Ae ch => Gekly)=? z : : Channel with a hump: J eas ees Heal Flea caepint 8.8.) eee ®oeoeraeem the Cl wakez Leveb Yemaims stationacy at J) while the depth ue flows at sechen FRCTEGSES With az” Yeacbing ck Aninimum rea ibes : bee with furthec dnadase in fees —— aoe ke A eers Te} oshile Yocill ecpbave tw a af yy, 4y ime IN Neale oesdischarge He Fraud No. evrreshinding to kod” altcxycte debtne ace Fi &F +ham Provethat \7e = 22 SmiloyPoob2 Aq Se wy wide weet cide channel © ace (esial(emben eS debrh ok em: Anorderto meaguxg the discharge whe channe| wids+n ie reduced Yo 2.4m and huenpel 03m Wengeowilacdo in weer ualomg SUS ea LoS the, wuebesrdomigieag.t She Con tracked sue Xe iso} p: BR SOS Whe ERS ah Lesses = AZ* Yao cs) Eran &) In Ear a}> 51-8 BY omg Ear ci AY = 36x18 | 18 3) gcc Ao. 24XI3S & A_ wide vech channel carricra too of 2° 96 Mice [hem Te depyed plowwis .s24 m i i Sp calwlake Me min. vise of blo ak a sechun wsequired to proce comical low? condthina we wWhak ie correshonding bat \n the water Level Given Va BRS Bl seelmy - >= +s2am Sema% — 2 CRor eriWeal lees © cmdihen) sechun ON SB\Beak Elec condition ak @ aS24 —0-3r2 = 0-91 > 0-254 m ee psy yep a Sect channel asm wide lala ata ajope af | a 9° 0036, ONiturM low occuns aka debrs of 2m Find,bigh a bump can be Talxed un the chamnel{ now bed withoot causing a change in Uj debrh. A the Us aeprnh.ia tabe Talked to 2:4 whak shevld be Hoe height eb bomb. Aasume Manpingla n= © ols. A\= 35x20 = mr C= SS yer sts R= Aije, = c- 438 My = RV se Yon = 3-82 sec Sheck 'Cor Fraud number 32 ese <} L, soberibeal floes Leanne "2 SA ig depen je mot § wo be changed ‘than at eq C2)man + E= 0-026 \ pe eae ine Evi coouldehange) @ec\d remain game, Yeovs change = ‘ = Az + Emin (42> D2eay, = az) + 3, %) 82 Aad + Ver xe 25981 az = ce6198™ Waker tows, ak a depthay rem and seeloci by Of VA miges in a ober channel o, Rect. Seth oy wiath Am. at a cextain Sechium width f+ reduced - to asm ana the bed lt raised by o'3sm™ Yh Sa Smooth. Flak bump caleulake Wwotcc Bale Gexahon ak he contracted &echyn & aswel ak the Vig Sethim. Neglect lofece - At secin @) debt = PiSs™ | [yr>ve es @) i eve Seenees] E> Fe 2g =_a5 45 (eee 4 energy) # AN eweential a Mecessany Condiay tex Dydraulic » SEAM TO occun Flow much change subacaihcal to eweealical-» hia change i% over a smalt Length Trence al flowing gloid Pexing Fraud nto. qiealer *ar 8, gump May be cacobed WYdravlic ump \S dekined at Sudden & tesbulent Forses eh wakuc Scperarifea) Fe Sthasincal 3 NS AGe Called sheoting, sabid, Tranquil , nstable tube —p Here is comsidexable diseibaken of energy desing SI malien el Trwnp “e Sp Fore cencebh 1% alwaig abblicd with hydraulic fork Hera ee ee Vite Schesiheut a SE Sa seated : { $S4s are SUbsequenr \ deprrey— Conjugate a depbhA Rescltant Ferce 18 Equiibyitm Yhan ZeE=c > (R-P) + rat via] * - —_— Stake Dynamic Porce. - force aaa [B= sameagce ram et one x eC aenea +h is) o Pee ee See a As ae 2%] = KE Va QL Am - wae | = S camstant- cpecibic Fore E= wh For Rect. Channel he2= Either ty) yep cy bethen)there arehk casted conjegabe debi (B44. Cs] oa Fey csitical Flew . sbh.face ig Minimum Fon Rect. channel WEY r= For Fimin), = = er non- Rectangulan chann«} = \%4> =| =i) ot critical Flow, channel! wot, ony) WBS (sis-g2) —00) = O82 (9442) a Fes Wl conake d fly b} $SS0@90827806008@0000008680809Letle Find yo Ga W2-4) + aP yo- ae pa TO CK FE Boe ee =x) q Ver Bae Ee 2 ee aye ag ee ‘vee ay Fava. rey. | ok > only Fox Sid) bees a ie Seekon= wa(oe) <>) # eight al Tump = y.-a) (Gy BH Length of Tump = S tow tomes G-9)) Laie tee! Ss Dae nt cEmdelar Temp weak Jump - oscilating Tunp steady Tunp sing Tem shseng Tenp t A Wrapcavidal sechiun having lpothuro Widihot @m_ & Side clobe is 1:1, caccic2a discharge ol | So M3/gec Find the depth of comjyoqate to anal debt) FSM bekore Me Temp. Algo determine the Loge bt encegy Wn the (ale nHy x tay, - > n=) 3 = rman Voem &Q) = (sxe-4s) oS _ Akt wa : 6 Se wyft enengy = Ey—-Fo. pe > ae = (Sit ve) — (dot Se 2 29 oe 2. A awice acnoss q ehannel \a 6m wide discharges} oe ee 4? ® Stream im deeb. whak is the low? noake | lon a when Je of sluteizam. on the djs Sde | e- dehrn : ee a cunnete block have been placed, to reake ee the Condition of Dydravlic gump- Dekoemine | ee the force om the block ay ds SEPP 's 3m. | : | I i | ef e® e® == © ®e a Sa 62a (Gabeira) &e = (Yar) Va ee A ee > aye v2=3%a——- © es t e® “Where ig no Loss of Energy dice 4) -@2 # @)-@) e® Be ea o® 4? => = Yen eeas a : aah os ‘Sy é49 g 5 @) et =. => “y= FSES vaksce 2 Wa o.7™ ™“) gee(P2.—Pa) + £Q f V2-¥a] £9 [aa - As xa] +£a IL Ya~¥3] = (oooxq si(oronn- G9%s | + 1o0e X 65.94 [ 1098-368] N = fe 28]5 F ‘ee age mad 4 ECW) eriteal Wrhe- Yozye > Critirat Hub at, PSE, ea Peli) weebimfarelipe =" So=0 =» — cuenne Cabam, Un Pere en 23 i) Adverse ditfes — dp co > ” A Hse 34 @ He md We Y2yo od YL4c Lio t Ui YOY. 7 Ho dor arge 2H WAS Yo Hes woo he The water sucgete afin qckes de namal i 4 aeprh tine Asgmproticilly. ' @ PL Y> te > Hc je water surpate Eck He cxctical defn tine: vethcally. @ F @ Ye, Ys & ie woeter ourpace meek a very Lage der a & horizatal Atyaprete- At wikical defn He cwces ace adicatedd dashed LINE fo remind | Wat te GYF sgn iu ctricity not apptclabe G) that acighénuadad - fered Reasons | # = 9 unbet setign adepined asa cedion & which a BUSH bp the dAschaxgé Aad defdn yf placa- ~ eatical dep dalioc eiricay contre park. — - — Gubcethital Flanss hase cmiests dint Ae Pls én cohule Sper aorta) laos have oumiasts mM ME Ofs ond. Se € é € : s s a é e® (336 LIE a PA} Hoe flow ln achannel ie Anacaged soddenly by Meams of Ofening gate a wave in fomed whith +navels Dic, a — + similaxily af a gabe is Suddenly closed and «a 40d Asay aise ia fandalby reduced ag Bat wae furmed Hravd® soch © ——_ pel wove ie called surge Ung . VS Sumgerdave: — Also Known aa Selenation suxge wav eS — a depth of ooakex INuceaker In thee direchen of raclHon ed aoave Te cotled © Suxge cave, @ “OG axc +ve surge wave “S @ris ~Ye Surge wove, ~ wo qe) Let vel. wave ig, C. fee eet el ~ eds ae fecterity 2{ wave} ‘ ith te ey, lee Fur Analysis 3 G @ & nan naanna ea Aa AaheBANudie Veda | bw Ab there tg no wecictance -urce bia 0) 2) then Total Force = 0, es wtatic force + dynamic furce = Pe Palfvrecp frat] } =o > Pro-PL = Pa [ven] E bY wy wh yey, = PAaLVa- SEB Ei oe ee aan oF Esa 697 4) 20) —— ree at eee Cony 241 : Muct > veh SS Telabyc to Coates §ave suxqc t [Fave Suge] ESV | Reve, = C-y= fag a — Cre Ya) AS surge is Ng small and debth of flow is Longe then we meh en Chiheah Sima vi = uberificas Flow w, 2 J Suptribiced Flee 1 >5 eqge Mare had BeroCleky E> suxye iS cecal aS ASH a7 2 ¥en See NI sar = Foal Sa ae Se @ celerity AW ANE Means gt caused opw ands bh - el ia WoC Isy}. Thearckone (oS 1] Hemce Flow SuburiWeal. : : Smlaty et-celervity —Ve ware coare’ Aoavels dais. . & *Ssafepoldal chammel wi Hy bage Lolath of 697 & Side Globes, wim) oy: Ww SOMVeys Wakor at He rake ek We mMoIsce eae) S deb a powell em . ag this pou slrahun ie Seboibcal ur supexctitveal. axe) ey= = ; S=ajy = CP™DS ieee ES brany A vetlangular “horiguntal chabnel of am wiathand 2m . SSP COME Wakex GL 18 Ma}cec A} the how Tare AB SOARem\y Teduced Yo alg of Als Original Valve Compute the Magnitude and a peed OF Vig SUL Qe. e tutor A BSume Shak where if no }richien in the channel 2 Se aye ee M2 Sig, = Suny = 85 = ise Me Sens => 2/4 xe. = Migs BXS> AS stable cendihen BY C40 = bya CVs) = 9) s mine £8 vi -v. 1 —@Cveoov car enwmonoannn 1? Geometric Similaities + = [vere Yx-2 Se aaa 3 one anftia En caive Lo 3 = sucge re jeuo. iy op Hae SUT” “nated € cheaxtby;— Tre veloc veiby Ina canal he pwn | PIs ae [E My f977 oh 2 ! ay — ab ancluder physical Pacer eens such a4 engin, i ath beignd | 5 NONG nt coca aa ete Ss Area ‘atic = . , @s5 - ATEA of prototype | Area of Model n= Res (soenisgtrotoiveay Leng yy of Mode / = XOCI1- UF joo ay a ae Kinematic Simiaxivy: Those Parameters wmich Amiolves Ebubeck GL me Suchen vel Nace: SC, dikchaxge Sy the sete ct ay Anechbal Force ‘s E&beck of Mass and at Always acs. wy SC ea Cy) = sie <> Viscosity “Force: See aeN = wn) = a> Pressure Force: = A = = Bx Benes ensign uve: es = GL S> Comlressitting Force: a SUK moduteg es ee ee R. Synclde Nombey - F a For s\toals on Wieeosite, Kurees ane Noy Yredorsi nan + with Anents ~gercey taut OMA kurcex one Lear Bignibreamk han Acrenolay niger is Achined ag: eit te Length Parameter . @—> Massy densihy Wy > dn. cocky ob Wi eratind 9e2Ge0000000099® Yv?OOO00 HEMP ODED Ma .9 COC OHbOHE lous Condi bong toRene CORY burces ane Voy | R7edomi nant them omen: turcey thorn tinh, Law 1% abplies, Pit iy pipes Cdex Vamminan Flue “% BBmMarine 2 etr Blane bok Submarine boty Flous rroun,) Submei ged “s¥ruchure Flow roca, bets she, SF LRU yey “be eM dibung fd tthe Machines Sen ditime Re tur Model wip S400) 40 Re hue poototype. | | | |“ben spree ity oewce 12 Im paurtant’ Ayan Brom Apestia hurce lout é Oma kurces ane Lesa aignibicants Meany Ercvds Nowwber ic detined e132 i e134 Lenghy Vararmeben > Alp [¥ oben a MAME Hravite, kurce te very Smbesvany shan Hie obpicable Fie, Meus, baw iz “Drwwah ever chemey Cwateh B Tums) @ @ 9 e, e@ e e Se e @ e e 6 e e é ‘€ ic ec e & be ¢ ‘ Le nat oh eae ne Dae eo@eeaor” Sy Flow wh, Mauid tek ef onbice ay Flow oven weir % Nobehes Sy wation of ehip Un Rovgh and Jor bolen pace JP for J Nae Pa qn =} o> Vime Patio CeeCael Se Ros elo eT apy signi picant Aurce heun Amyberbant Mads number Le Poets e y Ma =1 Poo Os “a ea = Flow PAE RS SS (ace pect rere) Square of Nore mach, Numbe, ie Ne neglected ae Doe RE oy. a. Ski DIK Gurce Ta apt from Anew Mack Numba, te ANdA ab Ws dehined ag = locity o Teje> “euciha Sound ©) Sunic Dyer amie 1S) Sob gimye/ OVtrG seni ferme sai biti hy is catted eauchy!s No Savuchyl, no7 with ssund. ‘pun Ob yoxes basting high cheed. Br wader wvomme. problens Sy -~roasw chigneumic Festing Ay Teatin a: vk Yusbido's ger, POM esly ieee plomemare high speed Se ah PING & Payee 2h sei tes. Accurdt ng ro Pia Lew Im= em} \Yelen = 1 | 7 Weber Model: Vy “Wien sunrtove ten: rum Ameria Ota han sun beurce aban} bree Te Vm yetant bot BOCES ane Lean eignibicant Acker No, is debined ac “eget Laue: 4 tha MAeemeny of) woken. Trci} wos ts etme el eee SORE Fie er ttc .avec TENA AO so | | 10 5 (0 da hey * = -u ee K AVN», By OD Tene 244 PPeW Pomr4 | PUUDUS Usdo > eo y VHSVGHGOMR Bee s > Geax us, 3) ww @ a SMBY Ut PLon MS PITD 103 fours 44Sus5 eter AU@ sy “2 Oey Gidea burpnrr0 PL prpork ’ HSuI4 a appre nS ayes unas A pardopo ating Lapou Pees ds mea Ske yoy * pou Ye \eata§ rp sy ON TEN auy SATS ASUS Ors4