Oscillators

An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic

signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. Oscillators convert direct current (DC) from a power
supply to an alternating current (AC) signal. They are widely used in many electronic devices
ranging from simplest clock generators to digital instruments (like calculators) and complex
computers and peripherals etc.[3] Common examples of signals generated by oscillators include
signals broadcast by radio and television transmitters, clock signals that regulate computers and
quartz clocks, and the sounds produced by electronic beepers and video games.

Different Types of Oscillator

Circuits and its Applications
The oscillators are electronic circuits makes a respective electronic signal generally the sine wave
and the square wave. It is very important in other types of the electronic equipment such as
quartz which used as a quartz oscillator. The amplitude modulation radio transmitters use the
oscillation to generate the carrier waveform. The AM radio receiver uses the special oscillator it
is called as a resonator to tune a station. The oscillators are present in the computers, metal
detectors and also in the guns. The different types of oscillators are explained below.
What is meant by Oscillator?
The oscillator works on the principle of the oscillation and it is a mechanical or electronic device.
The periodic variation between the two things is based on the changes in the energy. The
oscillations are used in the watches, radios, metal detectors and in many other devices use the
oscillators.
Principle of Oscillators
The oscillator converts the direct current from the power supply to an alternating current and they
are used in many of the electronic devices. The signals used in the oscillators are a sine wave
and the square wave. The some of the examples are the signals are broadcasted by the radio
and television transmitter, clocks which are used in the computers and in the video games.

Types of Oscillators
The different types of oscillators are mentioned below and some of them are explained.

 Armstrong Oscillator
 Crystal Oscillator
 Hartley oscillator
 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
 Colpitts Oscillators
 Cross-Coupled Oscillator
 Dynatron Oscillator

Armstrong Oscillator

The Armstrong oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator and to generate this oscillator we are
using the inductor and the capacitor. In 912 the US engineer Edwin Armstrong has invented the
Armstrong oscillator and it was the first oscillator circuit and also in 1913 this oscillator was used
in the first vacuum tube by the Alexander Meissner who as an Austrian engineer.
The Armstrong oscillator is known as the tickler oscillator because of the individual features of the
feedback signal should produce the oscillations are magnetically coupled to the tank indicator. Let us
consider the coupling is weak, but the sustain oscillation is sufficient. The following equation shows the
oscillation frequency f. The Armstrong oscillator is also called as the Meissner oscillator or tickler
oscillator.

f = 1 / 2Π√LC

To achieve the 180-degree phase shift oscillation, the Armstrong oscillation uses the transistor, which is
shown in the above figure. From the figure, we can observe that the output is from the primary
transformer it has a transistor and the feedback is taken from the secondary coil of the transformer. By
seeing the polarity dots in the transformer secondary coil is inverted using the primary coil. The
operating frequency is obtained by the capacitor C1 and the primary of the transformer.

Hartley Oscillator
The Hartley oscillator is an electronic oscillator. The frequency of this oscillation is determined by the
tuned circuit. The tuned circuit consists of the capacitor and inductor, hence it is an LC oscillator. In 1915
by American engineer Ralph Hartley has invented this oscillator. The features of the Hartley circuit are
the tuned circuit consists of a single capacitor in parallel with the two inductors which are in series.
From the center connection of the two inductors for oscillation purpose, the feedback signal is taken.
Follow the below link to know more about Hartley Oscillator Circuit and Its Working.

The Hartley oscillator is parallel to the Colpitts apart from that it uses a pair of tapping coils as an
alternate of two tapped capacitors. From the below circuit the output voltage is developed across the
inductor L1 and the feedback voltages are across the inductor L2. The feedback network is given in the
mathematical expression which is given below:

Feedback network = XL2 / XL1 = L 2 / L 1

Applications

 This oscillation will produce a desired range of frequencies

 The Hartley oscillators are used in the radio frequency in a range of the 30Mhz
 In radio receiver, this oscillator is used and it has a wide range of frequency

Colpitts Oscillator

The Colpitts Oscillator was by American engineering by Edwin H. Colpitts in the year of 1918.
This oscillator is a combination of both inductors and capacitor. The features of the Colpitts
Oscillator are the feedback for the active devices and they are taken from the voltage divider and
made up of two capacitors which are in series across the inductor. Follow the below link to know
more about Collpits Oscillator Working and Its Applications

The Colpitts circuits consist of gain devices such as the bipolar junction, field effect transistor,
operational amplifier and vacuum tubes. The output is connected to an input in a feedback loop it
has a parallel tuned circuit and it functioned as a band-pass filter is used as a frequency of the
oscillator. This oscillator is an electrically dual of the Hartley oscillator hence the feedback
signal is taken from the inductive voltage divider it has two coils in the series.

The following circuit diagram shows the common base Colpitts circuit. The inductor L and the
both the capacitors C1 & C2 are in series with the parallel resonant tank circuit and it gives the
frequency of the oscillator. The voltage across the C2 terminal is applied to the base-emitter
junction of the transistor to create the feedback oscillations.

Applications

 It is used to generate the sinusoidal output signals with a very high frequency
 Very wide range of frequencies is involved
  It is used in the radio and mobile communications
 In commercial purpose, many applications are used

Multi-Wave Oscillator

The multi-wave oscillator was invented by the French engineer by Georges Lakhovsky in the
year of 1920 to 1940. He showed that the nucleus of the cell with the filaments stands, it is very
similar to the electronic oscillator and it has the capability of receiving & sending the vibratory
information. The multi-wave oscillators are experimental, research for the historical instrument,
and there is a no medical claim is made. The multi-wave oscillator unit presents the printed
circuit board Golden ratio antenna.

Applications

 The healing action of this oscillation is very bad because of the holistically work
 The healing process is done by all parts of the body
 The MWO is used in many countries worldwide by individual
 This oscillator is applied for the treatment of the cancer

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