LET US TRAVEL TO ILOCOS!

▪ Subtitle
Kapurpurawan Rock Formation

▪ Located in the Municipality of Burgos, Ilocos

Norte.
▪ Literally white, came from the Ilocano word
“puraw”, means white.
▪ Naturally formed from geological deposition
of minerals, and organic particles.
▪ The rocks were carved out by mechanical and
chemical weathering; wind, sand and water.
▪ The rocks are mostly sandstones.
A ROCKY EARTH
July 2, 2018
 ROCK CYCLE

If magma solidifies it LITHIFICATION (conversion into

becomes igneous and a rocks) formation of
new cycle begins. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Subjected to Heat and pressure

If subjected to higher
temperature, it melts and
becomes MAGMA.
IGNEOUS ROCK “ignis” means fire

▪ Formed from magma

▪ Consisted of:
– Silicon (Si)
– Silica (SiO2)
– Aluminum (Al)
– Calcium (Ca)
– Sodium (Na)
– Potassium (K)
– Magnesium (Mg)
– Iron (Fe)
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

▪ Extrusive Igneous Rocks

– Solidified Igneous rock at the surface (lava)
– Also known as “volcanic rocks”.
– Forms at the surface

▪ Intrusive Igneous Rocks

– Forms before reaching the surface.
– Formed at depth
– Also known as “plutonic rocks”.
CHARACTERISTICS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
(Based on texture and composition)

▪ Coarse-grained- grains (crystals) can be seen with bare eyes.

▪ Medium-grained- grains can only be seen through a hand lens.
▪ Fine- grained- grains can only be seen through the microscope.
CHARACTERISTICS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
(Based on texture and composition)

▪ Light- colored- such as granite and rhyolite, composed of feldspar

and quartz.
▪ Medium- colored- such as diorite and andesite.
▪ Dark- colored- such as gabbro rock and basalt; composed of
pyroxene, calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar.

TEXTURE/ COLOR LIGHT MEDIUM DARK

Coarse-grained Granite Diorite Gabbro
(intrusive)
Fine- grained Rhyolite Andesite Basalt
(extrusive)
Granite Obsidian Lava

Feldspar Quartz
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

▪ Formed through lithification and compaction.

▪ It may also form through cementation: common cements are calcite,
silica and iron oxide.
▪ Fossils are only found in sedimentary rocks
TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

▪ Detrimental Sedimentary Rocks- come from weathered rocks such

as igneous rocks.
▪ Chemical Sedimentary Rocks- come from soluble materials
produced largely by chemical weathering. The basis for grouping is
their chemical composition.
PARTICLE SIZE SEDIMENT ROCK
Coarse Gravel (rounded particles) Conglomerate
Gravel (angular particles) Breccia
Medium Sand Sandstone
Fine Mud Siltstone
Very Fine Mud Shale
CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
ACCORDING TO CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Composition Rock Name

Calcite (CaCO3) Limestone coquina
Fossil ferrous
Biochemical limestone
Limestone
Chalk
Quartz (SiO2) Chert (light-colored)
Flint (dark-colored)
Gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) Rock gypsum
Halite (NaCl) Rock Salt
Altered Plant Fragments Bituminous Rock
METAMORPHIC ROCKS

▪ Called pareexisting rocks or parent rocks

▪ Metamorphism- transformation of parent rocks.
– Most important agent of metamorphism is heat.
– Pressure and stress
– Chemically- active fluids (water, carbon dioxide and other volatile materials.
COMMON METAMORPHIC ROCKS

ROCK NAME DESCRIPTION PARENT ROCK

Slate Foliated; fine Shale
grained
Gneiss Foliated; medium- Granite, volcanic
to coarse grained rock
Marble Non-Foliated; limestone
medium to coarse-
grained

*Slate is used for roof, floor, tile, chalkboard, and billiard tables.
Let us put it all
together!
WHAT TO BRING TOMORROW:

▪ SMART PHONE or Tablet

▪ Internet Connection
▪ Ear Phones
▪ Note Taking Paper

▪ TOMORROW’S ACTIVITY WILL BE BY PAIR ONLY.