OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS SUMMARY
Different Kinds of Obligation
Classification of Obligations
1. Primary classification of obligations
under the civil code
a. Pure and conditional obligations
(ARTS 1179-1192)
b. Obligations with a period (ARTS
1193-1198)
c. Alternative (ARTS 1199-1205)
SECTION 1.A. PURE &
CONDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS
179 – If an obligation whose performance
does not depend on future (uncertain) event,
upon a past even unknown to parties,
contains resolutory condition is
DEMANDABLE.
Definitions
Pure Obligation – is not subject to any
condition and no specific fate is mentioned
for its fulfillment and is immediately
demandable.
e.g. Nangutang si Zar kay Kimm ng 200,
obligado siya magbayad pero di siya
nagsabi ng oras o kundisyon. Automatic na
pwedeng magdemand si Kimm ng oras at
kundisyon na gusto niya.
or
Nakipagsunduan si Zar na bayaran iyong
utang niya sa kundisyon ni Kimm, automatic
na demandable iyong obligasyon.
Conditional Obligation – consequences are
subject in one way or another to the
fulfillment of a condition. Condition, in
definition is a future and uncertain event,
upon the happening of which, the effectivity
or an extinguishment of an obligation.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDITION
i. Future and Uncertain – it must be
both to distinguish pure
obligation from both the
conditional obligation and one
with a period.
ii. Past but Unknown – refer to a
past event to unknown to the
parties. If it’s a future event, both
the occurrence and the time
should be uncertain. It should not
be impossible.
TWO PRINCIPAL KINDS OF
CONDITION
1. Suspensive condition (condition
precedent or condition antecedent) –
will give rise to an obligation. The
demandability of the obligation is
suspended until the happening of the
uncertain event which constitutes the
condition.
e.g. Ibebenta ni Kimm iyong
sasakyan na ipapamana sa kaniya
base sa will, hangga’t hindi pa niya
nafu-fulfill iyong condition (maging
owner ng sasakyan), hindi pa
demandable yung obligasyon
.
2. Resolutory condition (condition
subsequent) – one the fulfillment of
which will extinguish an existing
obligation.
e.g. Obligado suportahan ang anak
ng magulang na bigyan ito ng
pangsustento hangga’t hindi pa
natatapos ang kundisyon na
makapagtapos ito sa pagaaral.
 OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS SUMMARY

Differences of suspensive and resolutory natatanggap iyong notice hindi pa niya

conditions pwedeng gampanan iyong obligasyon niya.
SUSPENSIVE RESOLUTORY
If fulfilled, If fulfilled,
obligation arises. obligation 1180 – If a debtor binds himself to pay when
extinguish. he was told to, the obligation is deemed with
If it does not take If it does not take a period.
place, the tie of the place, the tie of the
Period – a future and certain event upon the
law does not law is consolidated.
appear. arrival of which the obligation subject to it
Until it takes place, Until it takes place, either arises or is extinguished.
the existence of its effect floe but CASES:
obligation is a mere over it hovers the
hope. possibility of a. If the debtor promises to pay when
termination. his means permit to do so. He is only
left with the duration. If there is no
duration decided, the court will fix
Obligation is DEMANDABLE if:
the same on the application of both.
 It is PURE b. Little by little
 It is subject to RESOLUTORY c. ASAP
condition d. From time to time
 It is subject to RESOLUTORY e. Pag mayroon na akong pera
period f. In partial
g. Kapag nasa posisyon na kong
Past events unknown to the parties magbayad
A condition refers only to an
uncertain and future event. A past event
cannot be said to be a condition since the 1181 – In conditional obligations, the
demandability of an obligation subject to a acquisition of rights and extinguishment/loss
condition depends upon whether the event of acquired depends upon the happening of
will happen or will not happen. the event which constitutes the condition.

It is contemplated by law through the EFFECT of happening of condition

knowledge acquire in the future of a past
1. Acquisition of rights – If subjective
event which now is unknown to the parties
to suspensive cond., this act by the
interested, for it is only in that sense that can
creditor depends upon the happening
be deemed uncertain. It determines if
of event. It is an efficacity and
obligation will arise.
obligatory force. If it does not take
e.g. Nagpadisconnect si Zar sa dati niyang place, it does not exist.
internet server at hindi pa siya nabibigyan
ng notice. Nangako si Zar na magpaconnect e.g. Maari lang makuha ni Zar iyong
sa ibang server, ngunit hangga’t di pa niya ipapamana sa kaniya kung nakasulat
sa testament ay kailangang
 OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS SUMMARY

pumanaw muna ang magpapamana

sa nasabing oras.

2. Loss of rights already acquired – If

subjective to resolutory cond., the
happening of an event produces the
extinguishment of this.

e.g. Napagkasunduan ni Kimm at ni

Zar na kapag naibenta ni Zar yung
cellphone niya kay Kimm, maari niya
itong bilhin uli pabalik. Mawawala
ang rights acquired (cellphone) kay
Kimm pag binili uli ito ni Zar.

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