Nieza Jane Patna ChE 4206a

BS ChE-5 July 10,2019

Raoult's Law states that the partial pressure of a component in a vapor phase
that is in equilibrium with a liquid is directly proportional to the mole fraction of
the component in the liquid phase. This also takes into account things like ion
dissociation in a solution [Van't Hoff factor]. It was formulated by a French
chemist, François-Marie Raoult in the year 1882.

Henry's Law, is especially useful for dilute solutions, and states that at very low
concentrations, the partial pressure of the dilute component over a liquid
mixture is proportional to the concentration. This law is very similar to Raoult's
Law, except that the proportionality constant is not the pure-component vapor
pressure but is empirically determined from VLE data. Like the pure-component
vapor pressure, the Henry's constant is dependent on temperature and the
nature of component A. Unlike the pure-component vapor pressure, it also
depends on the solvent, so when utilizing tables of Henry's constants, make sure
that the solvents match.

The Dalton’s Law was formulated by an English chemist, John Dalton in the year
1801 for gas mixtures. It relates the partial pressure of an individual component
of the mixture to the total pressure of the mixture to its mole fraction. It is
applicable only to the non – reacting, ideal gas mixtures.

Modified Raoult’s Law deviates from solution ideality. It is function of T and liquid
composition and based on experiments. As a result, bubble point and dew point
calculations are more complex. It means: A boiling liquid of this composition
produces a vapor of exactly the same composition as the liquid; therefore does
not change in composition as it evaporate.

REFERENCES:
https://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/0002494/files/18921_handouts10.pdf

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Chemical_Engineering_Processes/
Vapor-Liquid_equilibrium

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112101004/downloads/(21-5-4)%20NPTEL%20-
%20Gas%20Separation.pdf
. Raoult’s Law has two major assumptions: The vapor phase is an ideal gas and
The liquid phase is an ideal solution. It means that Raoult’s law can apply only
for low to moderate pressures. Raoult’s law can apply only when the species
that comprise the system are chemically similar

Henry's Law constants are generally very small, and are most useful when the
concentration is less than 10%. Henry’s law has important applications. For
example, bubbles of CO2CO2 form as soon. Henry’s law: The partial pressure of
the species in the vapor phase is directly proportional to its liquid phase mole
fraction.

NO SEPERATION of such a constant-boiling solution is possible by distillation. -

Negative departure from linearity ≡ Stronger liquid phase intermolecular
attractions between unlike than between like pairs of molecules. - Positive
departure from linearity ≡ Stronger liquid phase intermolecular attractions
between like than between unlike pairs of molecules