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  • Mannitol Furosemide - Less Potent, Longer Bumetanide-More Potent, Shorter Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Chlorthalidone

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    Karina
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    This document summarizes different classes of diuretic medications, including their mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects. It discusses osmotic diuretics like mannitol that work in the proximal tubule. Loop diuretics like furosemide are the most potent and work in the loop of Henle. Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide work in the early distal tubule by blocking the chloride pump. Potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone work in the late distal tubule and spare potassium loss. All diuretics can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Nurses should monitor for these side effects and educate patients.

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    Nursing Pharm Study Guide

    Original Title

    Diuretics Chart

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    This document summarizes different classes of diuretic medications, including their mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects. It discusses osmotic diuretics like mannitol that work in the proximal tubule. Loop diuretics like furosemide are the most potent and work in the loop of Henle. Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide work in the early distal tubule by blocking the chloride pump. Potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone work in the late distal tubule and spare potassium loss. All diuretics can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Nurses should monitor for these side effects and educate patients.

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    11 views1 page

    Mannitol Furosemide - Less Potent, Longer Bumetanide-More Potent, Shorter Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Chlorthalidone

    Uploaded by

    Karina
    This document summarizes different classes of diuretic medications, including their mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects. It discusses osmotic diuretics like mannitol that work in the proximal tubule. Loop diuretics like furosemide are the most potent and work in the loop of Henle. Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide work in the early distal tubule by blocking the chloride pump. Potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone work in the late distal tubule and spare potassium loss. All diuretics can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Nurses should monitor for these side effects and educate patients.

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    Diuretics

    Osmotic Loop Diuretics Thiazide Potassium- Sparing


    Mannitol Furosemide – less potent, longer Late distal tubule
    Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
    Proximal tubule duration Spare potassium exchange for loss
    Chlorthalidone of Na & H2O in urine
    ICU patients Bumetanide- more potent, shorter Early distal tubule
    Occurs in glomerulus duration Used in combo w/ thiazides &
    MILD DIURETIC loops
     Remove fluid from Loop of henle Minor loss of water  Triamterence
    intravascular spaces & MOST POTENT
     Blocks Cl- pump o Direct decrease ion transport
    deliver large amounts of  Loss of Na+, H2O, K+
     Loss of sodium, Cl, K+, H2O o Non aldosterone antagonist
    water into renal tubule  Acute situations o Quicker
     Increase uric acid (gout)
     Uses o Acute pulmonary edema  Treats
    and glucose
    o Decrease in tracranial o CHF edema o HTN &edema
     Treats hypertension (should
    pressure o Cirrhosis  Side effects
    only be the problem)
    o Prevent renal failure  Useful in renal patients o Blue urine, hyperkalemia
     Ineffective when GFR less  Spirololactone
    o Decrease intraocular
    than 20 ml/min o Affects ion by blocking action
    pressure Side effects
     Make sure urine is made of aldosterone in distal
    o Promote movement of  Hypotension & dehydration
     Digoxin Toxicity nephron
    toxic substances through  Hypokalemia
    kidney  Narrow – index o Aldosterone antagonist
    Side effects o Chronic slower (48 hrs)
     Side effects Nursing Implications
     Hypotension &  Treats
    o Sudden drop in fluid  Monitor BP o HTN, edema, HF, primary
    dehydration
    levels  Stagger meds hyperaldosteronism
    o Hypotension  Hypokalemia
     Diet w/ K+  Side effects
    o Headache Nursing Implications
     Take meds in the morning to o Gynecomastia , hirsutism ,
    o Electrolyte imbalances  Monitor DM patient hyperkalemia
    avoid noturia
    glucose Nursing implications
     Teach about dehydration
     Monitor gout for uric acid  Don’t eat K+
     Teach about orthostatic
     Teach about dehydration  Don’t combine w/ ACE
    hypotension
     Teach about orthostatic  Drug overlapping toxicity
     Teach about noctuira

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