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Thermodynamics Chapter 4 Solution Manual PDF
Thermodynamics Chapter 4 Solution Manual PDF
OF THERMODYNAMICS
By Hipolito Sta. Maria
Given:
R = 58.8 Q = 20 BTU
k = 1.26 T1 = 90 F + 460 = 550 °R
m = 5 lb
Solution:
ii. cv = R/(k-1)
= 0.0756/(1.26-1)
cv = 0.29
(b) i. cp = (kR)/(k-1)
= (1.26)(0.0756)/(1.26-1)
cp = 0.366
(c) ΔS = mcvln( )
= (5)(0.29)ln )
ΔS = 0.036
2. A reversible, non flow, constant volume process decreases the internal energy by 316.5 KJ
for 2.268KG of a gas R=430 J/KG-K and k=1.35. for process determine: a.)the work ; b.) the
heat and c.) the change in entropy if the initial temperature is 204.4 °C?
Given:
U = -316.5 kJ k = 1.35
m = 2.268 kg T1 = 204.4 +273 = 477.4 K
R = 430 J/kg.K
Solution:
(a) Wn = __ pdv ; constant volume
Wn = 0
(b) Q = U + Wn
= -316.5 + 0
Q = -316.5 kJ
(c) i. cv = R/(k-1)
= 430/(1.35-1)
cv = 1228.57 J/kg.K
= 1.22857 kJ/kg.K
iii. ΔS = mcvln( )
= (2.268)(1.22857)ln )
ΔS = -0.757 kJ/K
3. 10ft^3 vessel of hydrogen at a pressure of 305 psia is vigorously stirred by paddles until the
pressure becomes 400 psia. determine ∆U and W. no heat is transferred, Cv = 2.434 btu / lb.R.
Given:
V1 = 10 ft3
cv= 2.434 BTU/lb.R
P1 = 305 psia Q=0
= 43920 lb/ft2
P2 = 400 psia
= 57600 lb/ft2
Solution:
∆U = (p2-p1)
= (57600-43920)
∆U = 434.75 BTU
4. Three pounds of a perfect gas with R = 38 ft.lb/lb.R and k = 1.667 have 300 Btu of heat added
during the reversible nonflow constant pressure change of state. The initial temperature is 100 .
Determine (a) final temperature, (b) ∆H, © W, (d) ∆U and (e) ∆S.
Given:
R = 38 lb.ft/lb.R Q = 300 BTU
k = 1.667 T1 = 100 F + 460 = 560 °R
m = 3 lb
Solution:
(a) i. cp = (kR)/(k-1)
= (1.667)(38)/(1.667-1)
= 94.97 x = 0.1221 BTU/lb.R
ii. Q = mcp(T2-T1)
300 = (3)(0.1221)(T2 - 560)
T2 = 1379 R or 919 °F
(b) Q= mcp(T2-T1) = H
∆H = 300 BTU
(c) Wn = p(V2-V1)
= p( - ) ; p 1 = p2
= pmR( - )
Wn = mR(T2-T1)
= (3)(38)(1379-560)
Wn = 120.008 BTU
(d)
i. cv = R/(k-1)
= 38/(1.667-1)
= 56.97 x
cv = 0.0732 BTU/lb.R
ii. ∆U = mcv(T2-T1)
= (3)(0.0732)(1379-560)
∆U = 179.85 BTU
(e) ∆S = mcpln( )
= (3)(0.1221)ln(1379/560)
∆S = 0.3301 BTU/R
5. While the pressure remains constant at 689.5 kPa, the volume of a system of air changes from
0.567 m³ to 0.283 m³, what are a. Change in U b. Change in H c. Q d. Change in S e. if
the process is non-flow and internally reversible, what is the work?
Given:
P = 689.5 kPa R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K
V1 = 0.567 m3 cv = 0.7816
V2 = 0.283 m3 cp = 1.00625
Solution:
(a) i. ∆U = mcv(T2-T1)
= mcv( )
∆U = (V2-V1)
= x (0.283-0.567)
∆U = 490 kJ
(b) ∆H = mcp(T2-T1)
= mcp( )
∆H = (V2-V1)
= (0.283-0.567)
∆H = -686.56 kJ
(c) Q = mcp(T2-T1)= ∆H
Q = -686.39 kJ
(d) ∆S = mcpln( )
= mcpln( )
∆S = mcpln( )
= cpln( )
= (1.00625)ln(0.283/0.567)
= -0.699 kJ/kgK
(e) Wn = p(V2-V1)
= (689.5)(0.283-0.567)
Wn = -195.82 kJ
6. Four pounds of air gain 0.491 Btu/°R of entropy during a non-flow isothermal process. If
P1 = 120 psia and V2 = 42.5 ft³, find a. V1 and T1 b. Wnf c. Q and d. Change in U.
Given:
m = 4lb Rair = 53.34 lb.ft/lb.R
∆S = 0.491 BTU/R
P1 = 120 psia
V1 = 42.5 ft3
Solution:
(c) Q = U + W; U= 0
Q = 282.06 BTU
(d) U= 0
Given:
m = 10 kg/min
p1 = 96 kPa/kJ
V1 = 7.65 m3 min
P2 = 620 kPa/kJ
Solution:
8. one pound of an ideal gas undergoes an isentropic process from 93.5 psig and a volume of
0.6ft3 to a final volume of 3.6 ft3. Ifcp=0.124 and cv=0.093 BTU/lb.R, what are (a)T2(b)p2(c)
∆H and (d)W
Given:
P1 = (95.3 +14.7) psia
= 110 x = 15480 lb/ft2
V1 = 0.6 ft3
V2 = 3.6 ft3
Cp = 0.124
Cv = 0.093 BTU/lb.R
Solution:
(a) i. R= cp-cv
= 0.124-0.093
R = 0.031 BTU/lb.R
ii. T1=
T1= 394.063 R
iii.
../.. k= cp/cv
= 1.3333
../.. T2= T1[
= (394.063)[
T2= 216.87 R or -243.13 F
(b) p1 = p2
p2 =
= 10.09 psia
(c) ΔH = mcp()
= (1)(0.124)(216.87-394.063)
ΔH = -21.97 BTU
(d) W =
=
W = 16.48 BTU
9. A certain ideal gas whose R=278.6 j/kg.K and cp=1.015 kJ/kg.K expands
isentropically from 1517kpa,288 C to 965 kPa. For 454g/s of this gas determine
(a)Wn(b)V2(c) ∆ U (d) ∆H
Given:
R = 278.6 J/kg.K or 0.2786 kJ/kg
Cp = 1.015 kJ/kg.K
P1 = 1517 kJ
T1 = 288 C +273
= 561
P2 = 965 kJ
m = 454 g/s or 0.454 kg/s
Solution:
(a) i. cv=cp-R
=1.015-0.2786
cv=0.7364
ii. k=cp/cv
=(1.015)/( 0.7364)
k= 1.378
iii. T2= T1[
=(561)[
T2 = 495.53 K
../.. Wn =
=
Wn = 21.9 kJ/s
(d) ΔH = mcp(T2-T1)
= (0.454)(1.015)( 495.53-561)
ΔH = -30.169 kJ/s
(a) i. =
T2=(760)[
= 477.39 R -460
=17.40 F
ii. p1V1n=p2V2n
V2 = [p1V1n/p2]1/n
=[(150)(1)1.3/(20)]1/1.3
V2 = 4.711 ft3
(b.) i. p1V1=mRT1
m=
= 0.5328 lb
ii. ΔU = mcv(T2-T1)
= (0.5328)(0.1714)(477.39-760)
= -25.81 BTU
iii. ΔH=mcp(T2-T1)
= (0.5328)(0.24)(477.39-760)
= -36.14 BTU
iv. ../.. k=cp/cv
=0.24/0.1714
k=1.40
../.. cn=cv[(k-n)/1-n]
=(0.1714)[(1.40-1.3)/(1-1.3)]
cn=-0.571
ΔS= mcnln(T2/T1)
=(0.5328)(-0.0571)ln(477.39/760)
ΔS=0.0141 BTU/R
(c) i.pdV=
=
= 34.41 BTU
ii.- Vdp =n(pdV)
= (1.3)(34.41)
= 44.73 BTU
(d)Q= mcn(T2-T1)
=(0.5328)(-0.0571)(477.39-760)
Q=8.60 BTU
Check:
Q=ΔU+ pdV
= -25.81 + 34.41
Q=8.60 BTU
(e) Wn =
=
Wn = 34.41 BTU
(f) Ws = Q- ΔU
= 8.60-(-36.14)
Ws = 44.7 BTU