ENGLISH REVIEWER

Lesson One - Daedalus and Icarus

The Tale of Daedalus and Icarus: A Summary

– Daedalus is a brilliant inventor—the Thomas Edison of his day.

Unfortunately, he angers King Minos, the ruler of the island Crete, and he
has to hightail it out of there. Desperate to flee the island, Daedalus uses
wax to build some wings for himself and his son Icarus. Daddy Daedalus
warns his son to fly at a middle height: the seawater will dampen the wings
and the sun will melt them. (Not good either way.) Icarus heeds his father's
advice for a bit, but then he gets cocky. He's having so much fun flying that
he forgets the warning and flies too close to the sun. Sure enough, his
wings melt, and Icarus plummets into the sea and drowns. Daedalus is (of
course) devastated by his son's death, but the show must go on. He flies on
to Sicily, where he mourns Icarus and builds a temple in honor of the god
Apollo.

Pronouns (e.g. she, he, his, her)

– replaces or substitues a noun

Reflexive Pronoun (e.g. myself, yourself, herself, himself, ourselves)

– refers back to the subject of the sentence

INTENSIVE VS REFLEXIVE
● An intensive pronoun can be removed from the sentence without affecting

its meaning.
● It is usually found after a noun.

● A reflexive pronoun can't be removed the sentence because it will affect its

meaning.
● It is usually found after a verb or a preposition.

Public Speaking
– the act or process of making speeches in public

– art of effective oral communication with an audience

– speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner

Purpose of Public Speaking

". inform
W. influence
X. entertain

Factors of Public Speaking

". Logical Factor
– covers what is in your speech

W. Mechanical Factor
– things that make your speech interesting; props, nonverbal communication,

visual aids
X. Emotional Factor
– covers how the audience feel

Y. Technical Factor
– covers things like room setup, screen placement and audibility

Formal and Informal Definition of Words

● Formal

– follows a certain structure (word, category, unique characteristics)

● Informal

– is not according to the prescribed and official definition of the word

Lesson Two - Perseus

The Gorgon's Head: A Summary

– King Acrisius had received a prophecy that his grandson would someday kill

him. Frightened of this, he had imprisoned her beautiful daughter, Danae.

Danae was kept away from the people but not from the Gods. Zeus saw
Danae and fell in love with her. They had a son named Perseus. Afraid that
Perseus would have a chance to kill him, King Acrisius placed Danae and
Perseus inside a chest and set it to sail on the sea. They were found by a
fisherman whose brother fell in love with Danae. Danae got married but his
new husband didn't like Perseus. So he had ordered him to an adventure--
to kill Medusa. Perseus was guided and helped by the Gods to defeat
Medusa. While he was being chased by the monster, he had come upon a
beautiful maiden chained near the sea and had saved her from the monster.
He had asked this maiden's hand for marriage but many people, including
the maiden's promised husband, disagreed. It led to fight which Perseus
easily won by using the Gorgon's head. He came back to see his father-in-
law who was not pleased seeing him. His father-in-law didn't believe that
Perseus had slain Medusa. He turned his father-in-law into a statue. After all
 this, he realized he wanted to come back to his grandfather's homeland.
The prophecy came true when he had accidentally speared his grandfather
through javelin throwing contest.

Plot Diagram
– Plot is the organized pattern or sequence of events that make up a story.

". Exposition
● usually occurs at the beginning of a short story

● the characters, setting and main conflict are introduced

W. Falling Action
● begins to develop the conflict

● a building of interest/suspense occurs

X. Climax
● turning point of the story

● main character comes face to face with conflict

● character will change in some way

Y. Falling Action (Denouement)

● loose ends of the plot are tied up

● the conflict and climax are taken care of

_. Resolution
● story comes to an end, a reasonable one

Orpheus: A Summary
– Orpheus, son of Muse Calliope and Thracian prince, was gifted with an

enchanting music. The melody that he played was extraordinary. It could

charm and no one could resist the power of the music his lyre could create.
The trees, flowers, and rocks were led with enchantment. The beasts in the
wilderness were tamed. When Orpheus sailed and got tired of rowing, he
could strike his lyre and would regain energy and would smite the sea
together in time to the melody. The sea could change its course and the
fiercest spirit grew calm from the soothing melody. Orpheus married
Eurydice. After the wedding, she walked in the meadow where she was
stung by a venomous snake and died. Orpheus grieved the maiden that he
loved so dearly. He went to many different places playing sad songs.
Orpheus took the journey to the underworld to seek favor from Hades and
Persephone as he wanted to be reunited with Eurydice. Charmed and
soothed by his music, the king and queen granted the will of his heart.
Orpheus could take Eurydice back to the earth on one condition. That he
would not look back at her as she followed him until they had reached the
 earth. As Orpheus and Eurydice were climbing up the way to the upper
world, the darkness was turning gray and finally there was daylight.
Orpheus stepped out joyfully and quickly look back at Eurydice but it was
too soon because Eurydice was still in the cavern, a few steps from the
earth. Orpheus stretched out his hand to reach for Eurydice but she had
slipped back to the darkness. All he heard was, “Farewell”.

Modals
– a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express: ability, obligation, probability,

etc.

Types of Modals
". Modals of Ability (can, could, be able to)
W. Modals of Obligation (must, have to, has to, should)
X. Modals of Probability (must, should, may, might)
Y. Modals of Willingness (will)