Perspectives in living systems

a) Development of Sciences in the Renaissance:

The renaissance era is a well-known era in our history, it is the period where
Europe became the center point of learning, in this era numerous inventions and ideas,
were created and studied. In this age biology formed its own ideas and principles, which
created its identity which was the medium to form its own branch of science and
become fully independent from other fields. Before there were only myths to satisfy
human beings about their questions on how life came to be and how the universe
works, which lead them to create their own legends, theories, and myths most of these
were in a supernatural point of view, mostly biblical. These views were their means to
have a grasp in our world and it dictated the directions of natural science up until the
renaissance period. In this age biology some scholars studied the structure of the
human body to find out if it has any connections to the structure of plants, animals. It
was at this era, that the natural rules of biology became an a widely accepted form of
truth on how the universe works. At the same time the physiological structure of organs
in human and animal bodies were studied on how they are connected to each other to
form life. In this age the field of botany was widely studied, botany is a branch of biology
which is the use of plants to create medicinal remedies for the human body. In
conclusion the renaissance age is a significant period in our history for its advancement
of science, in this age the idea that the universe wasn’t governed by any higher beings
started to become a form of truth that most individuals accept and that the human body
has its own set rules.

b) The cartesian world view:

The cartesian world view is a philosophical and scientific system formulated by

Rene Descartes, he described it is a form of rationalism that holds scientific knowledge
which is derived from innate ideas using deductive reasoning methods. Although the
cartesian view acknowledges natural science is present in their perspective, the fact
that god is their center of belief makes natural science in their standpoint uncertain.
Descartes argued that an individual has certain knowledge of one’s own existence one
cannot think without it.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cartesianism

http://hakobsandbox.openetext.utoronto.ca/part/chapter-8/

https://explorable.com/renaissance-biology