ORAL COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION- comes from the Latin word "communis"

-Communication is the act of sharing our ideas, thoughts, and feelings with other people and having
those ideas, thoughts, and feelings understood by the people we are talking with. When we
communicate we speak, listen, and observe.

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION

 Communication is a process and that it consists of elements.

 Communication occurs between two or more people (speaker and receiver).
 Communication can be expressed through words (verbal), actions (nonverbal), or both at the
same time.

1. SOURCE-A speech situation starts with a speaker, a person who is presenting a message to a
listener.
2. ENCODING-Encoding is the process of turning thoughts into communication.
3. CHANNEL-Messages are sent through a channel. Example: Cellular phone
4. DECODING- Decoding is the process of turning communication into thoughts.
5. MESSAGE-The message may be a verbal or non-verbal message.
6. FEEDBACK-It refers to the response after a message has been received.
7. CONTEXT- Context refers to the setting in which communication takes place. The context helps
establish
8. meaning and can influence what is said and how it is said.
9. BARRIER-A communication barrier is anything that prevents you from receiving and
understanding the messages others use to convey their information, ideas and thoughts.

TYPES OF CONTEXT

1. PHYSICAL-It refers to the concrete environment.

2. CULTURAL-It refers to the values, beliefs, lifestyles, and behaviors of a group of people.
 3. SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL- It involves the norms of the group in a particular situation, including
the intimacy level among speakers and the formality of the exchange.
4. TEMPORAL-It is the positioning of a message within a sequence of conversational events.

TYPES OF BARRIER

1. INTERNAL -fatigue, disinterest, poor listening skills, past experiences with the other speaker ,home or
work problems
2. EXTERNAL-noise and other distractions, unpleasant environment, problems with technology or
equipment

VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL CUES

Verbal Cues-Prompts that are conveyed in spoken language from one person to another or a group of
people.

Non-verbal Cues-Communication between people that do not have a direct verbal translation.

Examples:
a. appearance
b. facial expression
c. eye contact
d. posture
e. gestures
f. proxemics
g. voice (tone, pause, loudness or softness, rhythm)

COMMUNICATION MODELS

1. LASWELL MODEL-Harold Laswell created this model in 1948

-action or linear model
-introduced the concepts of who, says what, in what channel, to whom, and the
resulting effect in a communication process.

2. SCHRAMM MODEL-Wilbur Schramm introduced this model in 1954

- known for its concept of field of experiences
-communication is a process; the sender and the receiver take turns to encode and
decode messages in the communication process

3. BERLO'S MODEL- David Berlo established his model in 1960

-SMCR model which stands for source, message, channel, and receiver
-shows that communication skills, knowledge, attitude and socio cultural system
influence the way the source and the receiver process information.
-makes use of the five senses