Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Disaster: Risk Reduction & Management
Disaster: Risk Reduction & Management
2
DEFINITION OF TERMS
HAZARD
4
EXPOSURE
5
VULNERABILITY
6
VULNERABILITY …Continued
7
• Is the combination of all strengths and resources available within the
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk
or effects of a disaster.
CAPACITY
8
RISK
9
DISASTER
11
…Continued
CLASSIFICATIONS
Natural Disaster
A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects
humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack
of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial,
environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the
capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their
resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation:
"disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural hazard
will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without
vulnerability.
DISASTER
12
…Continued
CLASSIFICATIONS
Man-made or Human Induced Disaster
Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or
human hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport
accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in
this category. As with natural hazards, man-made hazards are
events that have not happened, for instance terrorism. Man-made
disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards
have become reality in an event
DISASTER
13
…Continued
WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.
5. Epidemics
14
…Continued
WHY ARE DISASTER IMPACTS INCREASING?
1. Increased in population
2. Climate change
• Poverty
• Rapid urbanization and unplanned development
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BAGUIO CITY
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
EARTHQUAKE
July 16 1990
Ms=7.8
DEAD – 1,666
INJURED – 3,500
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…continued
Hyatt Terraces
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University of BAGUIO FRB Hotel
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Park Hotel St. Vincent
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Baguio Cathedral Aurora Theater
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Burnham Park
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JULY 16, 1990 EARTHQUAKE …Continued
PHIVOLCS data
First 14 hours
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SUPER TYPHOON “PEPENG” {PARMA}
(September 30 – October 10, 2009)
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EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
a) Affected Population
Population affected in 5,486 barangays, 334 municipalities, and
33 cities in 27 provinces in Regions I, II, III, V, VI, CAR and NCR
– 954,087 families / 4,478,284 persons Breakdown per Region
The total number evacuated inside 54 evacuation centers were
3,258 families / 14,892 persons
b) Casualties
Reported deaths in CAR were mainly due to landslides while
those in other regions were due to drowning (same figure in
previous report)
465 Dead
207 Injured
47 Missing
25
EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA} …Continued
c) Damages
The total number of damaged houses were 61,869 (6,807
totally / 55,062 partially)
The estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture
were PhP27.297 Billion (infrastructure to include school
buildings and health infrastructure PhP6.799 Billion; agriculture
PhP20.495 Billion and private property PhP 0.003 Billion
Agricultural area of 428,034 hectares incurred losses of
1,052.993 MT of crops (rice, corn, high value commercial
crops, abaca and irrigation facilities)
Education facilities damaged in Regions I, II, III, V and CAR:
were 1,531 schools (1,280 Elementary and 251 High Schools)
amounting to PhP767.45 Million
26
EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA} …Continued
INCIDENTS TOTAL
ERODED RIPRAP 25
FALLEN TREE / IN DANGER OF
19
FALLING
SOIL EROSION / LANDSLIDE 97
FLOOD 41
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT 1
BAGUIO CASUALTIES:
A) Deaths 1) Landslide 58
2) Accident 2
B) Missing 5
C) Injured 27
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CITY CAMP
FLOODING
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported: 2:55 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
could not be contained by the
drainage.
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CRESENCIA VILLAGE
LANDSLIDE
Date: 08 October 2009
Reported: 8:00 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 23
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MARCOS HIGHWAY
ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway
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MARCOS HIGHWAY
ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway
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KENNON ROAD
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PINSAO PROPER
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 8:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 1
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↑ ROCK QUARRY
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 6:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 4
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↓ KITMA
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 9:56 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 8
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PUROK 1, IRISAN
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 16
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38
SIMULTANEOUS INCIDENTS
TRASHSLIDE
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40
41
42
PREVIOUS DISASTERS IN C.A.R. LESSONS LEARNED
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RISK PROFILE
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RISK PROFILE
…Continued
The country is considered one of the most disaster-prone. It ranks 12th
among 200 countries most at-risk for tropical cyclones, floods,
earthquakes, and landslides in the 2009 Mortality Risk Index of the UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Located along the
typhoon belt in the
Pacific making it
vulnerable to typhoons
and tsunami.
Average of 20
RISK PROFILE
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…Continued
1851-2006 TYPHOON SEASON
Tracks and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones, 1851-2006
RISK PROFILE
TD TS 1 2 3 4 5
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale
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…Continued
RISK PROFILE 1980-2005 TYPHOON SEASON
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…Continued
RISK PROFILE 1980-2005 TYPHOON SEASON
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51
…Continued
RISK PROFILE
…Continued
RISK PROFILE
AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO
LANDSLIDE, FLOODING, AND
SUBSIDENCE DUE TO KARST
DEVELOPMENT
52
…Continued
The Philippines, given its location on the earth is prone to various types
of Natural Disasters.
generators.
22 active volcanoes (5
most active).
54
…Continued
Fact:
The Philippine Archipelago
has a complex tectonic
setting with several trenches
and many active faults
RISK PROFILE
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56
…Continued
RISK PROFILE
57
…Continued
RISK PROFILE
0 50 100 km
…Continued
EARTHQUAKE GENERATORS
WITHIN CORDILLERA N Pacific
Ocean
South
Abra River
China
Northwest segments of the Sea
Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ):
Digdig Fault
Manila Trench
San Manuel Fault Baguio City
Tebbo Fault
Tuba Fault
Bangui Fault
RISK PROFILE
Source: Phivolcs
58
0 50 100 km
…Continued
2 SEISMIC GENERATORS
NEAR BAGUIO CITY N Pacific
Ocean
South
Abra River
China
Tuba Fault Sea
West of Baguio City,
approximately 5 km
Manila Trench
away, NW trending Baguio City
50 km long
could generate a Ms
7.25 earthquake max
RISK PROFILE
Tebbo Fault
located approximately
10 km Southeast of
Baguio City
70 km long
could generate a Ms 7.4
earthquake max
Source: Phivolcs
59
…Continued
0 100 300 km
N
Burnham Fault
LEGEND:
Mirador Fault
Fault
RISK PROFILE
Loakan Fault
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…Continued
HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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…Continued
RISK PROFILE
300 volcanoes
22 active
7 inactive in CAR
RISK PROFILE
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…Continued
VOLCANOES OF THE CORDILLERA REGION
Benguet Province: Kalinga Province:
1. Santo Tomas, Baguio City 4. Bumabag, Batong Buhay
2. Daclan, Bokod 5. Podakan, Batong Buhay
3. Pulag, Kabayan 6. Ambalatungan, Batong Buhay
7. Binuluan
RISK PROFILE
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PREPAREDNESS
A PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
MAKE A DIFFERENCE…
Changing attitudes…
Knowing hazards…
PREPAREDNESS
Doing something to
minimize the hazards.
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…Continued
PREPAREDNESS WHAT IF?!
Are we prepared?
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…Continued
CRITICAL CONCERNS
disaster?
6. Are there personnel / employees trained in first aid, fire fighting or
rescue?
7. Does the institution have any rescue equipment and other
emergency paraphernalia?
8. Do we have an institutionalized warning system?
9. Are there identified evacuation areas within the premises of the
institution?
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…Continued
PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
Plan
Evaluate/
Improve
Organize
&
PREPAREDNESS
Equip
Exercise
Train
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…Continued
72-HOUR SURVIVAL KIT
1. Food
2. Clothing
3. Communications
4. Documents
5. Medicines
6. Other Essential Needs
PREPAREDNESS
7. Emergency Money
*Kit depends on the number of family members, health status, gender and age.
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R.A. 10121
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
Disaster legislation in the Philippines dates back in 1978, primarily
reactive approach to disasters, focusing heavily on preparedness
and response. Other relevant legislation for mainstreaming of
disaster risk reduction into development includes land-use controls
and building codes. However, building codes are not strictly
enforced and zoning ordinances which are reported to have been
relaxed over time.
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…Continued
RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
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…Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
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…Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
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…Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
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…Continued
DRRM WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
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…Continued
RISK REDUCTION METHOD
In the following order
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…Continued
POTENTIAL RISK TREATMENTS
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…Continued
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
A comprehensive disaster risk management strategy, actively
involving stakeholders at all levels of government as well as the
private sector, local communities and civil society, is required to
implement the legislative framework and to provide coordination and
monitoring mechanisms and arrangements.
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…Continued
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Individual line agencies and local governments are legally
responsible for implementing disaster management, as it is still
commonly referred to in department circulars and executive orders,
within their own areas of responsibility. In practice, some LGUs have
yet to even establish their disaster coordinating councils (DCCs),
while those DCCs that have been established vary in quality. In
addition, reflecting Presidential Decree (PD) 1566’s reactive
approach to DCC meetings are commonly held only on an ad hoc
basis, in response to crisis situations, rather than on a more regular
basis to discuss ongoing risk reduction initiatives, and DCCs’ risk
reduction and mainstreaming capacity and capabilities are often
very limited.
DRRM
82
…Continued
RA NO. 10121 • 21 years in the
27 May 2010 making
• 7 Congresses
• 4 Administration
14th Congress
(2007-2010)
13th Congress
(2004-2007)
12th Congress
(2001-2004)
11th Congress
(’98-2001)
10th Congress
R.A. 10121
(’95-’98)
9th Co2ngress
(’92-’95)
8th Congress
(’89-’92) PD 1566
June 11, 1978
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…Continued
DRRMC ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
17 REGIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
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ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 173 SERIES 2010
Mayor
City Administrator /
Action Officer
BAGUIO CITY
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…Continued THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MAY 27, 2010
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…Continued
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION …Continued
Bottom-up and
Top-down and centralized
participatory disaster
disaster management
risk reduction
Integrated approach to
genuine social and human
Focus on disaster
development to reduce
response and anticipation disaster risk and adoption
of IT in DRM
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…Continued
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Institutional not personality oriented
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R.A. 10121 …Continued
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…Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
Emergency/Disaster Management
• Executive/Legislative Agenda • Public awareness
• Environmental Management • Public commitment
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan • Community actions
• Risk proofing • Education & Training
• Financial tools • Early Warning
• Hazard identification & • SOP & Plans
• Vulnerability Analysis Mitigation: • ICS Development
• Capacity Analysis Risk Reduction / Preparedness
Prevention
Rehabilitation
Response
R.A. 10121
• Livelihood • DANA
• Housing • Relief
• Lifelines • SAR
• Education • Incident Command System
• Infrastructure • Evacuation
• Health
REACTIVE
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91
…Continued
R.A. 10121 PARADIGM SHIFT
…Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework
Reactive Proactive
Disaster Response Disaster Risk Reduction
Risks Specialists
Emergency Specialists
R.A. 10121
Economic Managers
Hazard Scientists
Development Planners
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…Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
Emergency/Disaster Risk Management
Mitigation:
Risk Reduction /Prevention
Preparedness
R.A. 10121
Rehabilitation
Response
PROACTIVE
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EMERGENCY/DISASTER
OPERATIONS CENTER
BAGUIO CDRRMC-DOC
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DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
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DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN …Continued
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DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN …Continued
INFORMATION RESOURCE
COLLECTION TASK With DISASTER
DISPATCH, TRACKING ACTION PRIORITIES
& ANALYSIS ALLOCATION MNGT FUNCTION
& REQUEST
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ACTIVATION
ACTIVATION
UNDERSTANDING THE COLORED ALERT STATUS & DISASTER WARNING SYMBOLS
NOTIFICATION - When an event/disaster occurs, notification is made to
all partner agencies, and CDRRMC Disaster Operations Center support
staff who needs to take actions as part of their pre-assigned tasks and
responsibilities;
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ACTIVATION …Continued
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ACTIVATION …Continued
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ACTIVATION …Continued
WHITE Monitoring
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SITUATIONAL ISSUES
THINGS TO CONSIDER
SITUATIONAL ISSUES
In any major situation, there are three (3) critical issues that usually
arise, namely:
105
…Continued
TIME CONSTRAINT …Continued
• WARN PEOPLE
• EVACUATE THE PEOPLE
• SAVE LIVES
• CASUALTIES
SITUATIONAL ISSUES
• INJURED
• DEAD
• MISSING
• IMPENDING HAZARDS
• UTILITY SHUT DOWN
• LOOTERS
• Others
106
…Continued
COORDINATION …Continued
• WHAT?
• WHERE?
• WHEN?
• WHO?
SITUATIONAL ISSUES
• HOW?
• Others
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INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
SIX (6) BUILDING BLOCKS
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
COMMAND & CONTROL
110
STRUCTURAL FIRE
Tiong San Bazaar, 1:00 PM, April 2, 2008
Property and merchandise worth around P 200 million were lost in a 10-hour fire.
111
STRUCTURAL FIRE …Continued
E
TS R
I
F
112
LANDSLIDE
Little Kibungan, Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet
The landslide buried more or less 25 houses 50+ residents.
113
LANDSLIDE …Continued
AN
LITTLE NG
BU
KI
114
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
Byron Bus 198 Accident
May 11, 2005, Badiwan, Tuba, Benguet : 29 dead
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VEHICULAR ACCIDENT …Continued
WAY
VA HIGH
COS
MAR
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S.A.R.
Flash Flood Victim SAR, September 30-October 5, 2012
Point of Origin: Crystal Cave, Baguio City – Point of Sighting: Sitio Pacac, Tuba, Benguet
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S.A.R. …Continued
FLOOD
MISSING FLASH
TO
DUE
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AIRCRAFT CRASH
Crash Incident Presidential Chopper BELL 412
April 7, 2009, Brgy. Eheb, Tinoc, Ifugao : 8 dead
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AIRCRAFT CRASH …Continued
2
CRASH 1
4
BELL
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INCIDENT
REPORTING / RECIEVING
WHAT TO DO
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INCIDENT
PROFILING
INCIDENT PROFILING
Profile of the Incident:
What :
_____________________________________
(Type of incident)
When :
_____________________________________
(Date and time of occurrence)
Where :
_____________________________________
(Estimated location)
Why :
_____________________________________
(Probable cause of the incident)
124
INCIDENT PROFILING …Continued
Who :
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
(Affected population and responding agencies in the area)
How :
_____________________________________
(How was the response carried out?)
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QUESTIONS?
126
“We are not preparing for the world we live in - we
are preparing for the world we find ourselves in.”
– Michael Mabee
Prepping for a Suburban or Rural Community: Building a Civil Defense Plan for a Long-Term Catastrophe
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THANK YOU!
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REFERENCES
• Andrew Alex Uy
OCD-CAR/CRDRRMC
• Hazard
http://www.backgroundalpha.com/Hazards.html
• Risk
http://bcalliance-international.com/select-services/risk-management-and-iso-31000/risk-management-services
http://dilipchandra12.hubpages.com/hub/Risk-Treatment-Plan
• Disaster
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster
• Trashslide
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/MSNBC/Components/Photo/_new/pb-110828-garbage-cannon.jpg
http://www.interaksyon.com/article/12111/mina-toll-rises-to-26-six-more-missing
http://mghelman.tumblr.com/
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2011/08/29/typhoon-mina-leaves-8-dead-cordillera-176058
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/51141/state-of-calamity-declared-in-trash-swamped-baguio
http://bulatlat.com/main/2013/06/25/baguios-garbage-woe-affects-classes/
http://richardbalonglong.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/wall-es-plant-2/
• Typhoon Parma
http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormarchives/2009/trax/pepeng09_16tx.gif
• Climate Change
http://mncgreens.blogspot.com/2012/02/event-australian-attitudes-to-climate.html
http://www.climate-speakers.org.uk/
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