MESIN-MESIN LISTRIK

MESIN AC SINKRON GENERATOR

Di susun oleh :

DENY AFIFUR ROHMAN (17050413011)

TEGUH WIYONO (17050413013)

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO
D3 TEKNIK LISTRIK
2018
Definition

Generator is a tool that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Mechanical power can come from heat, water, steam, etc. The electrical energy produced by
the generator can be either AC power (alternating electric) and DC (electrical unidirectional).
Generator closely linked to Faraday. Following the results of Faraday "that when a piece of
electrical conductor wires are in a changing magnetic field, then in the wire will be formed
Style Electric Motion"
Known synchronous machines, for working on speed and constant frequency under
conditions of "Steady state". Synchronous machine can be operated either as a generator or a
motor. Synchronous machine when used as a motor rotates in a constant speed.
If the desired speed is variable, then the synchronous motors are equipped with frequency
converters such as inverters or cyclo-converter.
Synchronous machine can be operated either as a generator or a motor.

Application
Rotor speed and frequency of the voltage generated is directly proportionate. This
picture shows the working principle of an AC generator with two poles, and we let only one
coil made of two conductors in series, the conductor a and a '.
The coil is called a concentrated winding, the generator is actually composed of many
turns in each Phase distributed on each of the stator grooves and is called distributed
windings.
Assumed rotor rotates clockwise, then the moving rotor flux field corresponding anchor
loops. One round in a second rotor generates one cycle per typed or 1 Hertz (Hz). When the
speed of 60 revolution per minute (rpm), a frequency of 1 Hz.
For a frequency f = 60 Hz, the rotor should spin 3600 rpm. For n rpm rotor speed, rotor
should rotate at a speed of n / 60 revolution per second (rps). When the rotor has more than 1
pair of poles, for example P pole then each revolution of the rotor induces P / 2 cycles of
voltage in the stator windings. The frequency of the induced voltage as a function of the rotor
speed.
Rotor shape
For the rotor field are used depending on engine speed, engine at high speed such as
turbo generator has a cylindrical shape
Picture below, the cylindrical rotor pole
While the engine at low speed such as hydroelectric or diesel electric generator rotor
has salient pole

Stator shape
The stator of a synchronous machine is made of ferromagnetic material in the form of
a laminate to reduce eddy currents losses. With great ferromagnetic core means permeability
and high resistivity of the material.
Generator Without Charges
If a synchronous machine functioned as a generator is rotated at a synchronous speed
and rotor given field current (If), then the anchor stator coil will be induced in no-load
voltage (Eo), namely: Eo = 4.44 · Kd · Kp · f · φm · T Volt
In the absence of an anchor load current does not flow in the stator, so that there is no
influence anchor reaction. Only flux generated by the field current (If). When the magnitude
of the field current is increased, the voltage output will also rise to the point of saturation
(saturation) as shown in Figure 16 (a). Generator no-load condition can be described
equivalent circuit as shown in Figure 16 (b).
generator load
When the generator is loaded changing the magnitude of the terminal voltage V will
changing anyway. This is due to voltage losses on:
1. resistance Anchor
Resistance anchor / phase Ra cause a voltage drop (voltage Losses) / phase I · Ra
which sephasa with the current anchor.
2. Leaking reactance Anchor
When current flows through a conductor anchor, some flux that occurs is not
impacting on a race track, this is called flux leakage.
3. reaction Anchor
The existence of the current flowing in the coil when the generator weighed anchor
will lead anchor flux (φA) that integrates with the flux produced by the rotor field
coils (φF)