The Potential for The Eruption of Mount Bromo in 2020

Anugrah Gilang Pratama Putra

Correspondence email : gilangpratama2411@gmail.com
Department Geological Engineering
Faculty of Exploration and Production Technology
Jalan Teuku Nyak Arif, Simprug, Kebayoran Lama, South Jakarta 12120

ABSTRACT
As a country included in the "Ring of Fire" chain, Indonesia has many volcanoes. Mount Bromo
is located in East Java and is one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia. Volcanic activity is
definitely related to many factors in geological control. As we know that Mount Bromo often
erupts. Seen from 20 years behind Mount Bromo has erupted 5 times, namely in 1995, 2000,
2004, because the eruption in 2010 was a very large eruption and lasted for 9 months. This is
because there is a supply of new magmas that fill a total of 5 times more than 11 months;
Therefore the 2010 eruption was called the very long eruption of Mount Bromo. The last eruption
in 2015 and this eruption was not as big as the eruption in 2010. The potential for eruption of
Mount Bromo in 2020 is very possible because seeing the history of eruption and intervals
formed can support the eruption in 2020

Keyword: Mount Bromo, geological control, Eruption Mount Bromo, Interval, Pontential eruption in
2020

can produce a melting process of magma in part

1. Introduction
The country of Indonesia is dominated
by a lot of volcanoes which are formed due to
the existence of a subduction zone between the
Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate.
From the emergence of a meeting between the
plates, a subduction zone can be formed which
of the partial melting.
One of the active volcanoes in East
Java, namely Mount Bromo. Mount Bromo is
one of the five Tengger Mountains,
geographically located at 70 56 '30 South
Latitude and 11 20 37 'East longitude.
Administratively located in Malang,
Probolinggo, Lumajang and Pasuruan Regencie
(ESDM, 2014).
 Figure 1 The location map of mount Bromo (Zaennudin, Kristianto, & AS, 2012)
Bromo Volcano is a strato-volcano type
with andesite to andesite basaltic magma with
SiO2 content between 50.03 - 55.85% with
phreatic eruption types (Zaennudin et al., 2012).
It has a type of phreatic eruption which is the
type of eruption that gives off fine material (ash
to coarse sand).
In the history of Mount Bromo it has erupted 57
times (Bachri et al., n.d.). This indicates that
Mount Bromo is still very active and can be
erupted at any time. The biggest bromo eruption
occurred in 2010-2011. In Eruption in 2010-
2011 this was different from the previous
eruptions because at the eruption of Mount
Bromo it had a long eruption period of 9 months
with phreatic eruption followed by
phreatomagmatic and ending with magmatic
eruptions (Zaennudin et al., 2012).
After Eruption in 2010-2011 Mount Bromo
erupted again in 2015. The eruption was not as
big as in 2010-2011. The eruption in 2015 was
of the phreatic type and occurred for 3 months
(Rachmawati, Rahmawati, & Rachmansyah,
2018). If you see Mount Bromo which often
erupts, it is very possible if Mount Bromo will
erupt again.
2. Data and Methodology
2.1 Data
In this study requires some data taken from
papers and reliable sources to support this
research, including :
2.1.1 Historical data on
Mount Bromo eruption.
 Figure 2 Bromo Volcano Eruption Activity Period Graph (ESDM, 2014)

Historical data on the eruption of Mount eruption height of 3000 m from

Bromo was obtained from ESDM, the edge of the crater.
where this data recorded the history of d) 2010-2011
the eruption of Mount Bromo. From this The biggest bromo
it can be seen how often Mount Bromo eruption occurred in 2010-2011.
erupts and can also find out its eruption In Eruption in 2010-2011 this
interval. was different from the previous
eruptions because at the
2.1.2 Eruption in the last 20
eruption of Mount Bromo it had
years a long eruption period of 9
months with phreatic eruption
a) 1995 followed by phreatomagmatic
There are smoke eruptions and ending with magmatic
accompanied by ash rain with eruptions.
smoke heights ranging from 80- e) 2015
250 meters above the peak until The eruption was not as
May. After that it erupted again big as in 2010-2011. The
from September to December. eruption in 2015 was of the
b) 2000 phreatic type and occurred for 3
Ash eruptions continued months.
until January 2001. The height
of the ash reached 800 meters 2.2 Methodology
from Bromo to the north.
c) 2004 The method used in this
Sudden phreatic eruptions study is by studying literature
occur without volcanic from papers and trusted sources.
earthquakes. Eruptions in the The data obtained is then
form of ash and stone with an processed and produces a
desired conclusion
 3. Result
From the data obtained, we can find out
how often Mount Bromo erupted.

2012
2011
2010
2004
2000
1995
1984
1980
1972
1956
1950
1949
1948
1940
1935
1930
1929
1928
1922
1921
1916
1915
1910
1909
1908
1907
Tahun

1906
1896
1893
1890
1888
1887
1886
1885
1877
1868
1867
1866
1865
1860
1859
1858
1857
1856
1844
1843
1842
1835
1830
1829
1825
1823
1822
1820
1815
1804

0 50 100 150 200 250

Durasi (Hari)

Figure 3 Eruption Mount Bromo (Bachri et al., n.d.)

In the picture above, it can be seen from
1995 until now there have been as many as 4
eruptions, and the most recent eruption is in
2015. Since the last 20 years there has been an
eruption of 5 times. This indicates that Mount
Bromo is still very active.
The next eruption can be analyzed by
looking at least the last 5 eruptions and looking
at the eruption interval pattern. In the last 5
eruptions this occurred in 1995, 2000, 2004,
2010, and the last 2015. So if seen from the
history of eruption, the eruption interval of 4-5
years is obtained.
Obtained 4-5 year eruption intervals can
be analyzed that the potential for eruption back
from Mount Bromo after the last eruption in
2015 is that eruption will occur in 2020.
4. Discussion
4.1 Potential for Eruption in
202
Eruption in 2020 can be the
same as the previous eruption. If
seen in the last 5 eruptions, the
eruption of Mount Bromo is
relatively similar every time it
erupts, which is a type of phreatic
eruption, except during the eruption
of 2010-2011 which in that year was
the largest and longest eruption in
the history of Mount Bromo. So if
analyzed for potential eruptions that
will occur in 2020, the eruption is
still relatively the same as the
previous eruption, that is with the
type of phreatic eruption.
4.2 First Mitigation for
Eruption Mount Bromo In
2020
The first mitigation that can be
done is that we must first know the
location that is safe from the impact
of the eruption of Mount Bromo, the
two always pay attention and adhere
to government appeals or directives
on the situation that occurs and
actions to be taken such as
evacuation in areas safe from the
effects of Mount Bromo , and the
third is by looking at the type of
eruption of Mount Bromo which is
phreatic eruption we must always
protect ourselves by using tools that
protect breathing.
5. Conclusion
Mount Bromo has a 4-5-year
eruption interval and in the data that has
been managed, if seen from 20 years
back, the eruption of Mount Bromo
occurred in 1995, 2000, 2004, and a
large eruption in 2010-2011 and the last
eruption in 2015. With data existing, it
can be predicted that Mount Bromo has
the potential to erupt around 2020 and
therefore the government and
surrounding communities are
encouraged to be more careful with the
next eruption of Mount Bromo.
Reference
Bachri, S., Wardhani, P. I., Sartohadi, J.,
Lestari, E. D., Andriyan, M., &
Maulana, E. (n.d.). IDENTIFIKASI
BAHAYA GUNUNGAPI BROMO
SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGURANGAN
RISIKO BENCANA.
ESDM. (2014). G. Bromo. Retrieved from
http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/index.php/g
unungapi/data-dasar-gunungapi/532-g-
bromo
Rachmawati, T. A., Rahmawati, D., &
Rachmansyah, A. (2018). Disaster risk
analysis of Mount Bromo eruption after
the 2015 eruption in Sukapura District.
MATEC Web of Conferences, 229,
1015. EDP Sciences.
Zaennudin, A., Kristianto, K., & AS, E. L.
(2012). Model Erupsi Gunung Bromo
di Jawa Timur pada Tahun 2010–2011.
Jurnal Lingkungan Dan Bencana
Geologi, 3(1), 41–55.