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l_qbk`fÉk ab crbow^* d^k^k`f^ l mÄoafa^ obk`f^^pbkqfjfbkqlpab^cb`qlabm^aobp^efglp
ab mbpl* l i^ ^anrfpf`fÉk abbpq^qrp l ml+ +èvmlonrÄklpbmolef_fÉobcbofopb^i^cb`qlbkqob
mri^ofa^a9 ^jfdlp=+*lpfknrbpbobmobpbkqbrkbpqboblqfml
pl`f^i*lpfk birplabqbpqfjlkflpab mboplk^gbp
c' obmobpbkq^obpqboblqfmlp pl`f^ibp l mobgrf+ cf`qf`flp`ljl rk prmboeÄolb*lpfk moljlsboi^
`flp l afp`ofj fk^`fÉk sfk`ri^alp `lk pr bkqobd^ab_bkbcf`flpabpqfk^alp^i^^anrfpf`fÉk
fkdbpq^9 abimolar`ql+`lj lbiabp`rbkqlbkrkmolar`ql
mloi^^anrfpf`fÉkablqol*lilpgrdrbqbpfk`irfalp
d' `ob^o rk^ pbkp^`fÉk ab rodbk`f^ labmbk+ bk bi dli^wl ab Klqq^ *nrb ob`loa^o~k nrfbkbp
À Ð Ć A Ď Đ D  /07

abk`f^9 k^`fbolkbkilp^Çlppbqbkq^+,

e' prdbofo nrb rk m^aob l rk ^ariql bp j~p Qf qrsfÄo^j lp nrb obprj fo bi fj m ^ `ql  nrb
fkqbifdbkqb l j~p dbkbolpl mlo ^anrfofo molar`fo~ i^ Jbvbk ilp `Éafdlp mr_if`fq^oflp*
bi ^ifj bkqll _b_fa^9q^j ml`l e^`boobcb+ bp pfj mibj bkqb rkl8 fj mbafo i^ `ob^qfsfa^a*
obk`f^ ^ ilp pbkqfjfbkqlp ab ^cb`ql ab ilp J^ mr_if`fa^a v^ pb bk`rbkqo^ obdri^a^ mlo

//0 > Z X ^ a ^ V  I # H Z ^ a a  Y Z  a V A j Z c i Z
lqo^ kloj ^ nrb bpq^_ib`b m^o~j bqolp foob + Cpqb a^ql kl bp plil rk^ ^kÄ`alq^ foobibs^kqb*
ar`qf_ibp* rkl ab ilp `r^ibp bp bi obpmbql ^i pfklnrbobsbi^nrbibglpabmi^kqb^obpqbqbj^ab ë
m ofk `fm fl absbo^`fa^a,Aljlbpk^qro^i*bpq~ i^ j^kbo^ j~p kbrqo^i mlpf_ib* ilp`lkdobpfpq^p SH
bumobp^j bkqb m b oj fqfa l  bi rpl abi erj lo* fkslir`o^alp ^`qr^olk drf^alp mlo i^ bu^dbo^+
OHOJ
i^ c^kq^pÅ^ v i^ bu^dbo^`fÉk +m ol qb d fb k a l  i^ `fÉkvmloi^ kb`bpfa^aabfjmlkbos^ilobpnrb ruk
fkdbkrfa^a ab ilp k fÇ l p+* ab ilp `r^ibp a f+ kl qfbkbk mlo nrÄ pbo `ljm^oqfalp mlo qlalp ÁÂDÂÀĂĈ
ilp `fra^a^klp9bk _rbk^ `rbkq^* mi^kqb^onrb ÀĈCĎĐÅĐÐÀÅĈC Ǽ
cÅ`fij bkqb pb mlao~ e^`bo rpl `lk i^p obdi^p ÐĐĈD
C ÀÅĈC Ǽ
fkaf`^a^pbki^ Jbv,Ck^abi^kqb*i^ mr_if`fa^a `lkprjfo rk^ d^pblp^ ^i aÅ^ ^jbofq^ pbkqfopb
abi BlÇ^ Nbm^  mlaoÅ^ qboj fk ^ o pfbkal q^k `rim^_ib*klbplqo^`lp^nrbrk^^molufj^`fÉk
plp^ `ljl rk klqf`fbol, c^k~qf`^ abi mol_ibj^* nrb bp mbocb`q^jbkqb
^ajfpf_ib*mbolbk i^`^p^abilp`lkdobpfpq^p,
?af`flk^ijbkqb* bk i^ mr_if`fa^a* fk`irvbkal
bi molar`ql* ab ilp ^ifj bkqlp v _b_fa^p nrb R^j_fÄkpbÇ^i^i^Cumlpf`fÉkabKlqfslpnrbi^
prmbobk ilp m^o~jbqolp qÄ`kf`lp nrb pb bpq^+ Mod^kfw^`fÉk N^k^jbof`^k^ ab i^ Q^ira &MNQ'
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C
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km [gfkmeg ]p[]kang 7 =gfla]f] _jYkYk ljYfk6 `e^q^oo^ `ljl rk^ jbafa^ ab p^ira mÑ_if`^9 ĈÅ
Nb
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gd
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f-f
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mlaoÅ^ pbobiab_boabfk`irfoi^ fj^dbkabrk^ iibd^^ilpm^aobpabc^jfif^*nrbjr`e^psb`bp 
;1
`^i^sbo^bk i^p _lip^pab`el`li^qb, _rp`^k i^ p^ifa^c~`fi ,
HC
M
?kqbpabbu^jfk^opf i^ Jbvprmbo^ l klbiqbpq LlbpafcÅ`fimobdrkq^opbbkbpqbmrkqlmlonrÄ M
+A
ab molmlo`flk^ifa^a v* mloq^kql* pf mrbab pbo bimolvb`qlabibvmol`ro^_^molef_foi^sbkq^ab r
HC

l kl`^ifcf`^a^ `ljl rk^ kloj^ ^`loab`lk i^ `ljfa^klp^ira^_ibbkilp`libdflp*pfbi`lkpr+ HC


Ai
Alkpqfqr`fÉk* obsfpbjlp _obsbj bkqb bk nrÄ jljlabo^alab^ifjbkqlp`^ifcf`^alp`ljlkl z
HC

mbkp^_^k ilp `lkdobpfpq^p `r^kal afpbÇ^olk p^ira^_ibpkldbkbo^pl_obmbpl*pfbk ob^ifa^a R1


ol
i^pobdi^p`ljbkq^a^p, ab_b moljlsbopbbi`lkprjl abcorq^*vpf ilp B
m^aobp plk ilpsboa^abolp obpmlkp^_ibp mlo i^ S
ol

=J t7xACGIGH9BH5 9@7CB;F9GC@5 j^i^^ifjbkq^`fÉkabilpefglp,Lrbs^jbkqb*bi GED
@9MEI9DFCAI9J9@55@=A9BH57=xB p^iqliÉdf`lbkbpqbmrkqlbpafcÅ`fiabbkqbkabo, HC
R1
G5@I856@93 M
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Nloprm^oqb*i^Cumlpf`fÉkabKlqfslpabiNolvb`+ C
1
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O,
nrb pb molmlkÅ^ molef_fo i^ sbkq^ ab `ljfa^ LfÇlp* LfÇ^p v ?alibp`bkqbp* ^kqb`babkqb `bo+ ol
R1
`e^q^oo^ bk ilp `libdflp mÑ_if`lp v mofs^alp, `^klabi^Jbv*pbbpcrbow^mlombopr^afo^qlalp ol
(+f
Cpqbmolvb`qlkliibdÉ^ e^`bopbbcb`qfsl* mbol ilp`fra^a^klp+n r b qbkaobjlpnrbplmloq^oi^ R1
HC

pb fkaf`É`ljlgrpqfcf`^`fÉk nrbbi 32#ab ilp fkqoljfpfÉkabilp`lkdobpfpq^pbkilpe~_fqlp^if+ gd


^irjklp mbor^klp `lkcbpÉ e^_bo`lkprjfal jbkqf`flpabkrbpqolpefglp+nrbi^kloj^`rbkq^ <
HC
d^pblp^prk^lj~psb`bp^iaÅ^bkbiÑiqfjljbp `lkprpqbkqlqÄ`kf`lprcf`fbkqb,Jlp`lkdobpfpq^p AA
&Ck`rbpq^ Krkaf^i abQ^ira Cp`li^o0./.', LÉ+ klplilkle^k`rjmifal`lkplmloq^oi^`^od^ab
qbpbbirplabi^ m^i^_o^ `lkcbpÉ *nrb^abj~p mol_^onrbi^jbafa^pbo~bcb`qfs^m^o^`lj_^qfo
Ia
ab qbkbo rk^ molcrka^ `lkklq^`fÉk obifdflp^* bi j^i nrbpbabpb^^q^`^o*pfklnrb^abj~pkl
pb qo^q^ ab rk `lk`bmql `^od^al ab `rim^, Ck e^keb`elbi j~pjÅkfjlbpcrbowlmlomi^kqb^o
qlal`^pl*^rk pfcrbo^^mif`^_ibbpq^`^qbdloÅ^ biab_^qbj~pfjmloq^kqbnrbab_fÉ^kqb`babo )
0
mpbral+obifdflp^ m^o^ grpqfcf`^o i^ jbafa^* kl ^ i^ bjfpfÉk ab i^ kloj^8 i^ afp`rpfÉk cfilpÉcf`^
à
ab_boÅ^l`^pflk^o`rim^bi `lkprjljlabo^al pl_ob `r~kal i^ if_boq^a fkafsfar^i mrbab pbo O
abbpqbqfm l ab_b_fa^p, `lkpqobÇfa^mlobi Cpq^al,

JViZgcVa^hbd _jgsY^Xd n Va^bZciVX^uc hVajYVWaZ --/


J^Cumlpf`fÉkabKlqfslpdbkbo^i^pbkp^`fÉkab Aljlpfi^kloj^crbo^^plir`flk^obimol_ibj^
pbojbglonrb i^ j^vloÅ^ ab i^p nrb prpqbkq^k abp^iranrbfkara^_ibjbkqbbufpqbvnrbab_b
i^p ibvbp bumbafa^p mlo bi Alkdobpl, Cpq^ mbo+ pbo ^_loa^al mlo bi Cpq^al* i^ Cumlpf`fÉk ab
`bm`fÉk pb _^p^bk nrb ^i jbklp pb e^ eb`el KlqfslppbÇ^i^nrbrkbpqraflob^ifw^almloANG*
bibpcrbowlab`fq^obpqraflpabi^MNQpl_obi^p abi /1 ab pbqfbj_ob ^i 0. abl`qr_obab 0..5*
^i^oj^kqbpq^p^pabpl_obmbplvl_bpfa^anrb ^mif`^al^ /03.kfÇlpbkqobpfbqbv`^qlo`b^Çlp
e^k ^i`^kw^al molmlo`flkbp bmfaÄj f`^p bk bk Jfj^* ?obnrfm^* Fr^k`^vl* Gnrfqlp v Nfro^*
qlalbijrkal9mbolbplklbpprcf`fbkqb, fkaf`^nrbilpkfÇlpsbk`ljljÅkfjlqobpel+
o^paf^of^pabqbibsfpfÉk*^asfoqfÄkalpbrk^do^k
Ll mrbab kbd^opb nrb bi pl_obmbpl `lkiibs^ ^ fkcirbk`f^abi^mr_if`fa^abkbibpq^_ib`fjfbkql
m^ab`bobkcbojba^abpklqo^kpjfpf_ibp*vnrbbp abe~_fqlp^ifjbkqf`flp,Alki^p`fco^pmlaoÅ^jlp
kb`bp^oflnrbilpkfÇlpj^kqbkd^krkmbplp^ir+ bpq^oab^`rboal* mbolbii^p kl plk prcf`fbkqbp
a^_ib,R^jml`l mrbab kbd^opbnrbabpmrÄpab m^o^abjlpqo^onrbi^ jbafa^bp`loob`q^,
i^p ^`qfsfa^abpbp`li^obp ilpbpqraf^kqbpl`rm^k
jr`elqfbjmlsfbkalRT*bkilpnrbe^vjr`elp Aljl pf bpqb a^ql crbo^ prcf`fbkqb* i^ Cumlpf+
P bsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

jbkp^gbp mr_if`fq^oflp nrb mrbabk `lkaf`flk^o `fÉk ab Klqfslp pbÇ^i^ nrb bk j^vl ab 0./.
prpmobcbobk`f^p,Cpj~p*i^Cumlpf`fÉkabKlqfslp pb ^mol_É rk^ obplir`fÉk ab i^ Mod^kfw^`fÉk
pbÇ^i^nrbi^ j^vloÅ^ abi^ mr_if`fa^a pbobcfbob Krkaf^i ab i^ Q^ira+ MKQ*mloi^`r^i pbfkpq^
^ ^ifjbkqlp v _b_fa^pab _^gls^ilo krqof`flk^i* ^ ilp dl_fboklp ab ilp Cpq^alp jfbj_olp ^ af+
pbdÑkrkbpqraflbcb`qr^albkbi0.// mlobiAlk+ ofdfoprpbpcrbowlpm^o^ fab^okrbs^pmliÅqf`^pl
pbglAlkpriqfslabP^aflvRbibsfpfÉk+ AMLAMPRT, obclow^o i^p bufpqbkqbp `lk obpmb`ql ^ ilp jbk+
p^gbp mr_if`fq^oflp ab ^ifjbkqlp afofdfalp ^ ilp
Qfkbj_^odl*^mbp^oabnrbplkafsbop^pi^p`^r+ kfÇlp, ?mi^rafjlp nrb ilp Cpq^alp jfbj_olp
p^pmloi^pnrbilpjbklobpprcobkabpl_obmbplv ab_^kbpclow^opbmlo`lj_^qfoilpj^ilpe~_fqlp
l_bpfa^a*bpmol_^_ibnrbi^mofk`fm^io^wÉkm^o^ ^ifjbkqf`flp*mbolbiilklbpprcf`fbkqbm^o^ab+
biilbpnrbe^v^idlnrbilpm^aobpbpq~ke^`fbkal jlpqo^onrbi^cloj^bjmib^a^pb^i^^ab`r^a^,
j^i*abjlalnrbbiobjbaflklm^p^mlofjmbafo
birplabaf_rglp^kfj^alpbkilp`ljbo`f^ibpab ?abj~p* i^ Cumlpf`fÉk ab Klqfslp fkaf`^ nrb
d^iibq^p l i^ molef_f`fÉk ab sbkq^ ab dlilpfk^p i^MNQrqfifwÉ`^qlo`bbpqraflpobcbofalp^kfÇlp
bk ilp`libdflp, F^vlqo^po^wlkbpnrb`^rp^kbi abJ^qfkl^jÄof`^*obsbi^kalnrbi^ moljl`fÉk
pl_obmbpl*kl^_loa^a^pmloi^kloj^9e^vlqolp vmr_if`fa^a ab^ifjbkqlpafofdfalp^ ilpkfÇlp
^ifjbkqlpnrb`lk i^ jfpj^ iÉdf`^qbkaoÅ^knrb ab m^Åpbp i^qfkl^j bof`^klp bp ^j mif^ v nrb
bpq^oobpqofkdfalp9vilj~pfjmloq^kqb*bi Cpq^al moljl`flk^mofk`fm^ijbkqb^ifjbkqlp`lk^iql
kle^^`obafq^alnrbpbe^kmobpbkq^alo^wlkbp `lkqbkfal ab do^p^p*^wÑ`^olp^i, èW`r~i bp i^
prcf`fbkqbpm^o^ifjfq^oi^if_boq^a, obi^`fÉk `^rp^+bcb`ql bkqobbpqb a^ql v i^ Jbv=
J^ obi^`fÉk `^rp^+bcb`ql ab_boÅ^ pbork^ bk i^
F^`fbkal rk bpcrbowl mlo alq^o ab prpqbkql nrbbiCpq^alqljb`^oq^pbkbi^prkql*mbolmlo
^ i^ kloj^* i^ Cumlpf`fÉk ab K lqfslp `lj bk+ i^sÅ^abi^bar`^`fÉkvabi^afcrpfÉk9klabi^p
q^a^ pbÇ^i^ nrb bk bi NboÑ* `^pf rkl ab `^a^ molef_f`flkbp,Aljlsbobjlpj~p^abi^kqb*bp
afbw kfÇlp j bklobp ab `fk`l ^Çlp qfb k b k  bi Cpq^al bi nrbqfbkb i^ afcÅ`fi `^od^ ab mol_^o
pl_obmbpl* `lk j^vlo mobs^ibk`f^ bk bi ~ob^ nrbi^pobpqof``flkbp^i^if_boq^aplk`lksbkfbk+
ro_^k^, ?Ç^ab nrb bkqob kfÇlp ab `fk`l ^ qbpm^o^^i`^kw^oilpl_gbqfslpnrbpbmolmlkb,
krbsb ^Çlp* bi pl_obmbpl bp ab /3,3# v i^
l_bpfa^a 6,7#* ab j lal nrb rkl ab `^a^ Dfk^ijbkqb* il mbloab i^ Cumlpf`fÉk ab K l qf+
À Ð Ć A Ď Đ D  /07

pfbqbkfÇlpmobpbkq^pl_obmbpl,Cpqlpa^qlppb slpbpprprmrbpql^k~ifpfp`lpql+_bkbcf`fl,Qb
mobpbkq^kab^`rboal`lkbi fkcloj bpl_obbi fabkqfcf`^ks^oflp_bkbcf`flp*`ljli^obar``fÉk
Cpq^alLrqof`flk^iabi NboÑ *bi^_lo^almloi^ ab ilp mol_ibj^p ab p^ira sfk`ri^alp ^i pl+
Bfob``fÉk Cgb`rqfs^ abTfdfi^k`f^ ?ifj bkq^of^ _obmbpl+^r kn r b klpbe^abj lpqo^alnrbi^
v L rqof`flk^i +  BCT?L* abgr ifl  0..7 ^ gr k fl  jbafa^^i`^kw^o~bp^ j bq^+,Qfkbj_^odl*bk
0./. &ACL?L+GLCG', obi^`fÉk`lkilp`lpqlp*fkpÉifq^j bkqbpbfkaf`^

--0 > Z X ^ a ^ V  I # H Z ^ a a  Y Z  a V A j Z c i Z
nrb i^ kloj^ kl l`^pflk^ kfkdÑk `lpql m^o^ ababob`elpvabqbojfk^o`r~ibpbiabob`elnrb
bi Cpq^al mbor^kl* `r^kal pb `ob^ bi M_pbo+ ab_bmobs^ib`bo)ZYdYf[af_l]kl)*Ckbi`^plab {
s^qlofl ab Lrqof`fÉk v Cpqrafl abi Ql_obmbpl i^ Jbvab Aljfa^ Ae^q^oo^* pf Äpq^ prmbo^pb bi r rr
ÑÑ Ñ DD
v M_bpfa^a* ^ `^odl abi K fkfpqbofl ab Q^ira qbpqab molmlo`flk^ifa^a*iibd^oÅ^jlp^ i^`lk+
ASJO
+` l j l pf i^ _rol`o^`f^ kldbkbo^pb`lpqlp+*v `irpfÉk nrb i^ obpqof``fÉk abi^ mr_if`fa^a m^o^ i??
ǼĶǼÐ Ą
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ab afcrpfÉk* ab fkcloj ^`fÉk* ab cfp`^ifw^`fÉk* bk ilp `libdflp ab ilp ^ifjbkqlp `lkpfabo^alp ÀĈCĎĐÅĐÐÀÅĈC Ǽ
ÐĐĈD
C ÀÅĈC Ǽ
bq`, Nlo il abj~p* ilp `lpqlp mobprmrbpq^oflp kl p^ira^_ibp* plk s~ifa^p b fk`rbpqflk^_ibp,
abi Cpq^al kl plk ilp Ñkf`lp obibs^kqbp,R^j+ Qf kl* i^p afpmlpf`flkbp`loobpmlkafbkqbpab i^
_fÄk fj mloq^k ilp`lpqlpdbkbo^alp^ ilpm^o+ JbvmlaoÅ^kpboab`i^o^a^pfk`lkpqfqr`flk^ibpv
qf`ri^obp `ljl `lkpb`rbk`f^ ab i^ obpqof``fÉk mloq^kqlbumrip^a^pabiloabk^jfbkqlgroÅaf`l
^ i^ mr_if`fa^a* i^ a fpm l k f_ fifa ^ a  ab j bklo mbor^kl +^``fÉk ab fk `l kpqfqr `fl k^ ifa ^ a+ l
fkcloj^`fÉk m^o^ilp`lkprjfalobp*ilp`lpqlp fk^mif`^a^p^ rk `^pl`lk`obql+`l k qoli afcrpl
abbkqo^a^abilpkrbslp`ljmbqfalobpnrbkl abi^`lkpqfqr`flk^ifa^aabi^pibvbp+,
mrbabke^`bomr_if`fa^abcb`qfs^m^o^e^`bopb gd
ab rk^ m^oqf`fm^`fÉk bk bi jbo`^al*bq`, Ciqbpqab molmlo`flk^ifa^a prmlkbqobp m^plp8 á
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gd
nrb i^ Jbv+bk il obcbofal ^ i^p obpqof``flkbp ^ i^ bkpbkqfalbpqof`ql, R
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KA
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DT
lqolabob`elcrka^j bkq^i,/ i]i
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J% H9GH89 DFCDCF7=CB5@=858D5F5 HC
M
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K

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ol
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FF*
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KA
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