Guinasugon Case Study

Guinsaugon Landslide 2006
A case study submitted to the
College of Science
De La Salle University – Manila
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in Earth Science
by
Vince Esquillo, 11640316
Jules Lazo, 11645970
Luna Nuñez, 11638869
Sir Al Rey Villagracia
STEM 11-F
2
Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

Esquillo, V. L., Lazo, J. M, Nuñez, L.M.U.M.,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………3
II. Analysis of Causes and Effects…………………………………….
…………………………………………....7
III. Alternatives and
Decisions…………………………………………………………………………..…11
IV. Recommendations and
Implementations………………………………………………………………...……15
V. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….……...21
VI. Executive
Summary…………………………………………………………………………..…23
VII. Keywords…………………………………………………………………….............26
VIII. Appendix……………………………………………………………………………..26
IX. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………….30
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Executive Summary
This study aims to cluster information about the hazard that occurred last February 17,
2006 named the “Guinsaugon Landslide” and analyze its nature and damages which were
confirmed to be a summation of triggered natural circumstances specifically The La Niñan
rainfall of 2000mm a day, loosening the soil of land that will be expected to break down once
the proceeding 2.6 magnitude earthquake occurred. The hazard killed approximately
thousands and forcing more than 3,000 people to evacuate with 14–18 million m3 of debris.
It impacted to $460,469.18M in agriculture.
This study focuses on the major causes that contributed to the hazard, how it affected
the outcome, the disastrous effects it had that impacted the life of the citizens and furthermore
discussing how different sectors and agencies helped in rebuilding what once was. Also, there
were recommendations that the researchers imposed on what could’ve been useful in the
recovery.
Reports stated that both national and local government’s response was quick and
effective, as with the arrival of international agencies help. Prioritizing the disaster area,
finding buried bodies under the mud and relocation of victims as well as the setting up
refugee centers for the affected locals were prioritized. Guinsaugon’s municipal building was
turned into a warehouse for relief goods to aid the victims of the hazard.
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Authorities secured land for resettlement, the provincial government was responsible
for the roads and infrastructure, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
provided assistance with food-for-work programs, while Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs) supported shelter construction, water supply, livelihood continuity, school activities
and other services. DSWD’s total expenditure was 52,785,954php (DSWD, 2010)
After the disaster, authorities made sure to inform and train the community on how to
prepare and respond if it were to happen again. They informed the people about landslides
and the immediate responses to them. Local Government Units (LGUs) and NGOs worked
together to help the community quickly rise above the disaster by collecting data, disaster
response, and providing loans for the affected people as well as funeral services.
Warning systems that composed of disaster management centers of finance,
telecommunications, and offices for monitoring and gathering data of the specified area, is
proposed in this study. The implementation of these warning systems will help identify
problems earlier and further coordinate and organize the response of both the locals and
authorities. In address of the geological structure of the land, the research involves
implementation of a farming system called SALT (Sloping Agricultural Technology) that
allows farmers to produce deep rooted crops and at the same time aid in preventing soil
erosion. Prevention of soil erosion is attributed to permanent shrubs planted, that can anchor
and enrich the soil through its roots and leaves. While other crops such as rice and corn
serves as harvest may be planted in between the mapped harvest plan.

5

Recommendations and improvement on certain factors of prevention responses was
categorized into two aspects focusing on (1) communication of the respondents and local
citizens, that became a problem in the dissemination of information to be considered during
the immediate response; and (2) the give and take relationship of people and their
environment in order to address the geological structure of the land that can only be slightly
modified to decrease damage.

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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
A landslide is a natural disaster that involves ground movement down a sloped section
of land. The possible causes may be natural or human-related. Some of the causes are
earthquakes, groundwater, deforestation and erosion all of which makes the ground unstable.
(Nat-Geo, n.d.). Researchers and experts have various observations on the frequency of
landslides in our country and it is concluded to be increasing due to the drastic changes in
weather.
According to the Internationally Reported Losses 1990 – 2014 Emergency Events
Database (EMDAT), landslides frequency to other disasters is 6.4% and mortality ranges to
5.6% around the world. However, these are common incidents in the Philippines; but ever
since 1998, the Philippines had move forward to from the world’s deadliest single-event
landslide. On 17 February 2006, a short, catastrophic rockslide debris avalanche rapidly
poured down the steep slope of Mt. Canabag, bringing the village of Guinsaugon in St
Bernard, Southern Leyte, under the ground causing approximate 20 million m3 of debris. The
casualties included the killing approximately thousands and forcing more than 3,000 people
to evacuate.
Streams were blocked and mud covered the village's school and brought many homes
30 feet underground. 3.2 km² was covered by Guinsaugon Landslide and terminal flow path
of 4.1 km.
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Estimated volume of debris is approximately 20million m3 (Sandra G. Catane, Hillel
B. Cabria, Cristituto P. TomarongJr, Ricarido M. SaturayJr, Mark Albert H. Zarco, Winston C.
Pioquinto, 2006). Economically, the landslide impacted to $460,469.18M in agriculture,
somewhat declining components of the major sectors in their flow and intensive recuperation
for the locals.
The unanticipated avalanche came after consecutive days of heavy rainfall caused by
the winds of La Niña in South East Asia. 2000mm of rainfall daily caused unintact, heavy and
loose soil. Together with a 2.6 magnitude earthquake that took place before the landslide, the
two occurrences are considered the potential triggers of the prodigious natural disaster also in
consideration of the deformation of the slope where it originated. Moreover, the terminable
contribution of human activities such as illegal logging has also been a reason daggered on.
Intense precipitation and earthquakes preceding the landslide are the potential triggers.
However, more rigorous analysis of the failure mechanism of the landslide is needed.
Help was quick to arrive in Guinsaugon which came from many different sources,
nationally and internationally aiding survivors financially as well as providing relief supplies.
Many alike Guinsaugon, more areas in our country are considered high risk areas as
they are situated along present fault lines and sites of heavy rainfall and the like.
They have continued to be visited by recurring natural disasters with a variety of
causes, triggers, and numerous impacts and casualties.

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With technology and research continuously increasing pace, prevention and
addressing these hazards must move forward as well, in order to save lives, regulate homes,
and stabilize and encourage the economy further.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
This study aims to conclude the general understanding of the Guinsaugon Landslide
in the year of 2006 and further analyze other possible causes and impacts of the hazard in
comparison to other natural disasters, also in regard of mediums of prevention and
adjustment; as to provide compact information for the given hazard. In consideration of the
study’s purpose, the 4 questions are posed in order to add more coincide with the significance
of the research study:
1. What was the main cause of Guinsaugon landslide?

2. How was the community able to cope and recover from Guinsaugon
landslide’s presented damages?

3. What recommendations and preventions may be imposed to create a better
situation during a similar occurrence of this natural hazard?

4. How can not only the victims of the Guinsaugon landslide, but the general
mass learn from this in order to deplete or avoid it from happening again?
1.3 Significance of the Study

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The main objective of this study is to further analyze one of the prominent
landslides that happened in the Philippines in order to both specify and generalize the
information on the Guinsaugon Landslide.
To the Public: The study will provide additional compact information for the
awareness of local citizens and update knowledge on the hazards framework.
The stated events can be perceived as warning signs that tells citizens that it is
time to evacuate. It would be a good idea to implement warning systems and faster
communications in hard to reach areas to help in minimizing the loss of lives.
To the Economy: The study will provide information on how the society
should prevent and address the various damages of landslides. It may also provide
factors in computing future costs of next hazards to improve management.
To the Researchers: The case study will serve as additional inquiry for the
specific hazard for future studies and a contributor to the phenomena analytical frame.
The study could serve as basis for ideas in future studies for the improvement of risk
reduction management.
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CHAPTER II
The Analysis of Causes and Effects
The Guinsaugon Landslide is solely to be caused by preceding natural occurrences
rather than the human activity that more of a causal factor. The disregard for the state of
calamity declared in the area contributed to the resulting damage and casualties.
2000mm of rainfall that poured for 10 consecutive days caused unintact, heavy and
loose soil. Much groundwater gave in which in turn made the ground more unstable. Rainfall
was accumulated in impermeable areas on top of the slope, as well as on a pond according to
field report, which caused the mass to grow heavier and was ready to predispose to slide.
Together with a 2.6 magnitude earthquake that took place before the landslide, the two
occurrences are the triggers of the collapse that moved in high speed, ramped over and landed
at a distance in great consideration of the steep geophysical structure of St Bernard. Please
refer to Figure 1 in appendix B. Furthermore, the prominent crop in the area was coconut and
banana trees which are shallowly rooted. It would not be as effective at counteracting the
gravitational pull of the rainfall, and yet would contribute to the weight on a slope.
Moreover, the location of Guinsaugon, St. Bernard, Leyte, is one of the major factors
that is to be considered in order to complete the equation of the disaster. Leyte has always
been visited by many earthquakes because the fault line passes through this area.
The major fault lines traverse the municipalities of Sogod, Libagon, St. Bernard and
San Juan to Panaon Island. Fault lines run along the middle most stretch of the island of
Leyte passing Guinsaguon at the lower tip.

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The Guinsaugon Landslide was an unusual landslip given due consideration. The
landslip, that can be mostly dependent on the rainfall, was most unconventional when looking
at the time of year it occurred. Severe storms and heavy rainfall normally run through June to
November whereas the aforementioned disaster happened during February. It was then
confirmed 2006 was a La Nina year (Buckley, 2006). Typically during January, 60 landslide
deaths are confirmed around the world due to landslides subsequent to rains; whereas on
January 2006, 283 landslide fatalities, many in Asia, were surveyed.
Major impacts were marked by the Guinsaugon landslide. Affected population from
Guinsaugon and several other municipalities were 654 families and 3,264 persons according
to Department of Social and Welfare Development (DSWD) and Provincial Disaster
Coordinating Council (PDCC), Southern Leyte. 90% of 330 families in Guinsaugon that
survived formed the new communities in six resettlement areas lost at least one family
member. Many were orphaned, as seen on Table 1 in Appendix A. The mudslide buried
everything the locals had, from memories to their source of income which comes from the
agricultural production that resulted in a total loss of approximately $406,469.18. Property
damage and infrastructural damage amounted to an estimation of P100M each, which
involved barangay halls and schools.
All of this resulted in relocation and drastic change in lifestyle as the local civilians
had transferred from a rural area to an urban setting engaged with relief, shelter, and
livelihood assistance.
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It is human nature to adapt, so the citizens coped up with their current situation after
the tragedy took place with the help of both LGUs and international NGOs. Recovery
programs took place to raise knowledge and preparedness, as seen on Table 2 and 3 in
Appendix A. They have taken action for further adjustment; and have raised awareness for
future similar events by providing case managements and health care, ensuring that disaster
risk reduction is a national priority, training and educating the community, implementing
disaster offices (health centers and recreation centers) in each barangay, integrating municipal
and community planning with regards to disaster risk reduction and regulation, and
abandoning danger zones.
Despite the overwhelming attendance of the various organizations, it cannot be
ignored that a number of prevention methods could have been implemented to reduce, or
possibly avoid, the damage and casualties caused by the 2006 Guinsaugon Landslide.
Although human activity is a causal factor of the disaster, illegal logging may be included as
it too is engaged heedless deforestation. During the mudslide, this resulted to mass soil
erosion. However, if the loggers had been responsible enough to propagate replacement (for
every tree cut you must plant two in return), the effects of the tragedy could as well have been
reduced.
Evacuation should have been immediate if the preliminary occurrences of continuous
heavy rains were not overlooked. Also, it should have been considered that an earthquake, no
matter the magnitude, would be disastrous in an area where deforestation is occurring.

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Everyone learns from every natural hazard that occur in the country, especially under
a location and geophysical structure similar to the Philippines. Therefore, people must be
active in developing preventive measures as it may lessen the potential impact it can have on
them. Citizens should consider reports and further analysis similar to that of the hazard.
Through this, they would be aware of the underlying causes that contribute to it and be able
to enumerate them. Thereupon, they can take action before the natural hazard that takes place.
CHAPTER III
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Alternatives and Decision
It is general knowledge patented to the weather of the Philippines that disasters are
prone in our area. The Local Government and existing NGOs in the country should be
knowledgeable of their responses and risk reduction methods.
The destruction that cost $500,000 was attempted to be restored through many relief
and livelihood restorations that came to our country. $1.5M was raised by Chairman Richard
Gordon who is under International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, requested national
assistance, and funded the purchase of temporary shelter materials, and water purification
tablets and medicines. (Nation Master, 2016). Initial assistance was also provided, preceding
with consecutive Red Cross teams that came in with more relief materials and rescue
operations alike similar organizations, see Table 4 of Appendix A. World Bank gave financial
aid to the Philippines for the landslide as well as other countries such as China, Malaysia,
Spain, Australia, and the United States (United States also gave food aid aside from financial
aid).
The recovery reports stated that the local and national government responded well and
fast, in line with the pouring arrival of international teams. They prioritized the disaster area
and what and who were buried under the mud, as well as relocating and setting refugee
centers for the locals. The municipal legislative building of Guinsaugon was turned into a
warehouse for relief goods where victims were to receive food, shelter, clothing, and other
things to aid them in the wake of the mudslide.

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Former president at the time, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, was quick to respond to the
landslide by immediately ordering a massive rescue and relief operation as well as asking for
assistance from private sectors.
The authorities’ latter response focused on the training of the community on
preparedness and adaptation if ever the tragedy occurs again. This was accomplished through
the means of explaining the landslide and informing them about basic protocols. The overall
response of the LGU and NGOs was enough to bring the community back on its feet,
performing immediate data collection and disaster response, as well as providing temporary
sources of income and loans, including those of funeral services and relief materials such as
food and health kits. The projects raised in response can be seen in Table 2 and 3 in appendix
A.
Also, early warning systems were implemented for the citizens to use in recognizing
whether a hazard is about to happen. The local government established projects to further
strengthen St. Bernard so that it will not be devastated greatly by hazards again. Coconets
were placed in steep mountains to lessen the risk of landslides and many others. (SCR, 2010)
However, reports stated that there was a problem in the dissemination of information
that affected efficient and immediate emergency response internationally. The activities such
as rescue and retrieval on site and relief and rehabilitation efforts during the evacuation were
not coordinated, creating more confusion and stress among the families affected by the
disaster (TSF and UNDAC, 2006). This had also affected many literature containing
inconsistent and various information.

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Telecommunications is a major variable of any event whereas this was not efficiently
performed during the Guinsaugon landslide response. It also is the core of a warning system.
The most important of the responses mentioned is the implementation of early
warning systems due to the fact that it can be used in identifying whether a tragedy may
occur given a certain situation. It helps the citizens to be more aware of their surroundings,
making them more alert, therefore allowing them to take action/go to safety and save their
lives.
Improvement could be implemented on establishments of the so called warning
systems. Leyte is a hazard prone area. A warning system consists of establishments of local
centers that observe the area and gather data, and telecommunications that will transmit
messages to everyone in the community. This will help inform and train locals on pre-disaster
and post-disaster response. The information spread can be channeled through radio broadcast,
local channels, fliers, reminders by active authorities in public areas, and possibly, a
partnership with a telecommunication agency that can send messages to all mobile phones
within the vicinity. The damage which could be done by natural disasters is a common
phenomenon in the Philippines in the form of typhoons and monsoons that cause several
hazards as well. The warning and evacuation systems should not be taken for granted.
Regarding the geological structure of Leyte, projects that will focus on
strengthening the land and ground composition is encouraged to resist the effects of heavy
rainfall. Planting deep rooted trees, preferably associated with livelihood, is a must.
Moreover, the local government should be keen on keeping tabs on illegal logging in the area
which was one of the key factors to the landslide.

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It is encouraged that these protocols and responses (warning systems, reforestation
etc.) are accurately designed in consideration of location, occurrence and former tragedies. A
small change can lead to a domino effect in saving more and more lives.
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CHAPTER IV
Recommendation and Implementation
In the wake of the 2006 Guinsaugon landslide which killed thousands, international,
national, and local responses were all present. Immediate action was taken by several I/NGOs
and by the LGUs. The overall response was effective and organized, from rescuing to
relocation of the survivors, in consideration of several conditions the locals had to address
(number of deaths and quantity of damage in order to address problems in line with
physiological and livelihood circumstances). However, reports stated that problems arose in
the dissemination of information which affected efficient, consistent and immediate
emergency response from international government and non-government agencies. The
activities, such as rescue and retrieval on site were not coordinated. The miscommunication
had also affected articles and reports by various sources due to inconsistent and inaccurate
information.
4.1 Recommendations
Although there are already existent warning systems, further improvements can be
done and its force unto the area can be strengthened. A warning system consists of
establishments of local centers that observe the area and gather data, and telecommunications
that will transmit messages to everyone in the community. This will help inform and train
locals on pre-disaster and post-disaster response.

19

Communication was the problem that arose during the alternatives and decisions.
Reports stated that problems arose in the spread facts that affected efficient, consistent and
most immediate emergency response internationally. The activities such as rescue and
retrieval on site and relief and rehabilitation efforts during the evacuation were not
coordinated, creating more confusion and stress among the families affected by the disaster
(TSF and UNDAC, 2006). This had also affected many literatures containing inconsistent and
various information.
The stability of land on slopes must be improved through various methods that will
anchor the soil, which involves reforestation that may be executed in many ways. However, it
is recommended that it will not require adjustment for the locals and farmers by not affecting
their source of livelihood. A good example of this is simply applying efficient attachment
mediums of coconut tree roots. Since it has long been a source of income for citizens of the
region, there will be nothing else changed while strengthening the soil on the slopes.
Therefore, a mutual benefit between the people of Guinsaugon and nature is observed.
4.2 Expertise, Methods and Materials
4.2.1 Warning Systems
i. Establishment of Centers - These centers consist of the village's
accessible Disaster and Risk Reduction Management halls and emergency
evacuation centers
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ii. Strengthening Communication and Telecommunications through radio
broadcast, local channels, fliers, reminders by active authorities in public
areas, and a partnership with a telecommunication agency that can send
messages to all mobile phones within the vicinity led by various teams
targeting specific areas in the locality to enforce identified and practiced
procedures
iii. Locals must be oriented through seminars by the Local Government on
hazards, its causes and natural signs, to further enhance knowledge and
decision making to prevent damage and loss before the hazard occurs.
Residents should be trained to monitor traces and signs of impending slides
through the use of gauges and conventional methods.
iv. Deepen current understanding about the location’s geology with the
help of research from other associations via satellite mappings and constant
data gathering, which will serve as basis of future changes to be addressed.
Monitoring of rainfall, landslide and slope failure for warning system and
evacuation should be set up.
4.2.2 Strengthening of Geological Stability
i. Plant deep rooted trees so as to improve the anchorage of the soil,
which in turn prevents erosion and landslides.

21

ii. Orient farmers with SALT (Sloping Agricultural Technology); a
farming system that allows farmers to produce crops and at the same time aid
in preventing soil erosion. Prevention of soil erosion is attributed to permanent
shrubs planted, that can anchor and enrich the soil through its roots and leaves.
While other crops such as rice and corn serves as harvest may be planted in
between the mapped harvest plan.
4.2.3 Expertise
i. Scientists; Geologist, in charge for the monitoring stability of
Meteorologist, Climatologist land and climates
etc.
ii. Communications in charge of delivering messages to the
Providers locals, holding seminars and campaigns in
order to orient residents on procedures etc.
iii. Government officials for the implementation of warning systems
and other authorities in their vicinity and management of area
investigation and security
iv. Formed local teams assigned to respond to situations that may
arise during a hazard in line with rescue and
first aid
4.3 Time frame of Implementation

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The predicted time span for these implementations is 3 years due to the remote
location of Guinsaugon leading to delays regarding the delivery of technology and other
resources. Furthermore, some programs take time in being finished and thorough research
and planning is required. Also, due to the nature of implementation that is gradual for
convenient adjustment of the locals.
4.4 Costs
The estimated cost for the courses of actions is P8 million:
a. Allocation
i. For the recommendation of building evacuation centers, with
similarities the project conducted by the Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG) in constructing evacuation centers which
can be seen on Table 5 at Appendix A, the estimated cost is P1.8
million
ii. For the emergency communication, the estimated cost is P5 million.
The recommendation is similar to the project ICT Bayanihan that
focuses on importance of emergency telecommunications that can
immediately be deployed following a disaster to facilitate rapid
response and relief (Smart, 2016).

iii. .For the stability of land and reforestation, the estimated cost is P1.3
million. The recommendation has equal aims from the National Greening Program
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(NGP) conducted by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
that aims to rehabilitate forests in the Philippine.(DENR, 2011).
4.5 Possible Problems and Contingency Plan
4.5.1. Difficulties in Telecommunications establishments
Due to the remote location of Guinsaugon, technology, involving
signals for radio broadcasting and telecommunications. Phones need signal to
be that effective in sending messages, and the location of Guinsaugon may be
a hindrance.
Thought it may be costly, investments on a signal towers to enhance
signals for cellular phones would start allowing fast and effective
communication in such area.
On the other hand, Guinsaugon locals may also rely on tangible means
of communication (i.e. fliers, bulletin boards) and authorities actively making
public announcements.
4.5.2 Problems in deforestation

24

Planted trees that serve as anchorage of land, in the future, may be cut
down by illegal loggers. This results to soil erosion that results to weakening
of land and its foundation, which in the case of the Guinsaugon landslide was
one of the root causes. Authorities are expected to reinforce laws and rules that
will not spoil the course of action.
CHAPTER V
Conclusions
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This study aims to cluster information on the Guinsaugon Landslide and analyze its
nature and damages. Recommendations and improvement on certain factors of prevention
responses was given in light of analysis and interpretation of the specific hazards’ causes
whilst being applicable to the many hazard areas of the Philippines where in similar cycles
occur.
The following are the gathered information to answer the study’s posed questions for
the study:
What was the main cause of Guinsaugon landslide?
Various information were acquired in the investigation of the hazard starting
beginning with the heavy rainfall that confirmed 2006 to be a La Niña year, which
caused the instability of land as the soil was not anchored together along with the
roots of prominent crop of the area. This extended proof of why the landslide
occurred due to an earthquake which precedingly occurred after the heavy rainfall.
Leyte is situated in near proximity of the Philippine fault line, thus letting the landfall
evident to happen. After subjecting the various data to analysis, the researchers are
now able to confirm the causes of Guinsaugon Landslide was the accumulated stress
in the slope, along with weather conditions and geophysical structure; not in focus of
human activities unlike many beliefs.

26

How was the community able to cope and recover from Guinsaugon landslide’s
presented damages?
With the pouring help of the local government and non-government
organizations, orphaned families and survivors found themselves back on their feet as
these units assisted the locals temporarily through giving out food and water,
makeshift shelters, health kits and relocation centers. Permanent provisions of
assistance were exercised through seminars and programs to raise the awareness of
locals; and various loans like funeral services, and sources of incomes like small
businesses were also provided to financially provide and support the victims.
What recommendations and preventions may be imposed to create a better
situation during a similar occurrence of this natural hazard?
Precedingly, these responses of multiple authorities, LGUs and NGOs were
inquired during the study and the researchers found points of improvement and
alternatives which focus on communication of the respondents, and the give and take
relationship of people and their environment.
Prevention and recovery responses were the focal recommendation to be
established, having the purpose of helping the citizens affected by the hazard and in
improving how people will respond if the event is ever to occur again, in
consideration of the summation of causes and triggers of the landslide that naturally
happen.
Warning systems are the best way to enforce this. Therefore, the authorities
and citizens would be knowledgeable in preparing for future hazards while making
emergency responses faster and organized, as the system will revolve around the are
27

consistently monitored and the analysis of it will easily be disseminated to the
citizens.
To address the naturally occurring causes such as the rainfall and geological
location and structure of Guinsaugon, the study has concluded that agricultural
practices such as SALT or Sloping Agricultural Technology, will be efficient as it
helps stabilize land with natural mechanisms while not affecting the locals’ source of
livelihood, financially and environmentally.
How can not only the victims of the Guinsaugon landslide, but the general mass
learn from this in order to deplete or avoid it from happening again?
Making citizens disciplined in taking care of the environment with using
proper agricultural methods and other responsible management can in turn contribute
to a better situation for their surroundings, diminishing the damage of an incoming
hazard similar to that of the landslide in Guinsaugon.
In light with this, the researchers concluded that natural hazards are addressed through
preparedness and management circulated along the whole community which will help locals
cope with the natural environment they cannot control, and send forward the priority of
minimizing damage and saving lives.
KEYWORDS
¨Earthquake¨ ¨Guinsaugon¨ ¨Hazard¨
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n.a. (n.d.). Landslide. Retrieved June 6, 2016, from National Geographic:

http://nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/landslide/
n.a. (n.d.). Landslide. Retrieved June 6, 2016, from Natural Disasters Association:
http://www.n-d-a.org/landslide.php
OpenBUB. (2015). DRR RELATED PROJECTS - CONSTRUCTION OF EVACUATION

CENTER. Retrieved August 8, 2016, from OpenBUB:
http://openbub.gov.ph/node/1182741
Peeke, K. (2013, October 7). Copy of the Guinsaugon Landslide - Philippines 2006.
Retrieved June 9, 2016, from Prezi: : https://prezi.com/wymval1vgzoa/copy-of-the-
guinsaugon-landslide-philippines-2006/
Roberts, J. (2006, February 20). Nearly 2,000 feared dead as huge mudslide hits Philippine
village. Retrieved June 6, 2016, from World Socialist Website:
https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2006/02/phil-f20.html
SCR. (2010, July 23). From Tragedy To Resiliency: A Journey From The 2006 Guinsaugon
Landslide. Retrieved June 6, 2016, from Eldis:
http://community.eldis.org/.59d5ba58/13.%20case-stbernard-updated-july16.pdf
Smart. (2015, July 27). NDRRMC, Smart boost emergency communications in the regions.
Retrieved August 8, 2016, from Smart.PH:
http://smart.com.ph/About/newsroom/press-releases/2015/07/27/ndrrmc-smart-boost-
emergency-communications-in-the-regions
30

APPENDIX
A. Tables
Table 1
Source: Luna, E., Luna, G., Molina, J., Mola, F., Bhatia, S., Kawawaki, Y., et al. (2011,
December). The Southern Leyte Lanslide. Retrieved June 15, 2016, from UNISDR:
: Table 2
31

Table 3
32

Table 4
US Military * Search and rescue and body retrieval

* Air transport
* Temporary shelter for evacuees
OXFAM * Environmental health assessment

* Water supply
* Hygiene kits
World Vision * Hygiene kits
Plan International * Water tanks and supplies to evacuation centers
UNDAC * Assessment
* Portable toilets
Gawad Kalinga (local NGO) * Coordination with government on rehabilitation
Table 5
33

Source : OpenBUB. (2015). DRR RELATED PROJECTS - CONSTRUCTION OF

EVACUATION CENTER. Retrieved August 8, 2016, from OpenBUB:
http://openbub.gov.ph/node/1182741
B. Figures
Figure 1
Source: Felizardo, J. C., Tokunaga, S., & Sakurai, W. (2007). St. Bernard Landslide,
Southern Leyte, Field Report. Retrieved June 6, 2016, from Sabo-Int:
http://www.sabo-int.org/case/2007philippines.pdf
34


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Guinsaugon Landslide 2006

A case study submitted to the

De La Salle University – Manila

of the Requirements in Earth Science

Vince Esquillo, 11640316

Jules Lazo, 11645970

Luna Nuñez, 11638869

Sir Al Rey Villagracia

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

confirmed to be a summation of triggered natural circumstances specifically The La Niñan

It impacted to $460,469.18M in agriculture.

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

provided assistance with food-for-work programs, while Non-Governmental Organizations

Warning systems that composed of disaster management centers of finance,

implementation of a farming system called SALT (Sloping Agricultural Technology) that

serves as harvest may be planted in between the mapped harvest plan.

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

Recommendations and improvement on certain factors of prevention responses was

citizens, that became a problem in the dissemination of information to be considered during

modified to decrease damage.

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

1.1 Background of the Study

According to the Internationally Reported Losses 1990 – 2014 Emergency Events

landslide. On 17 February 2006, a short, catastrophic rockslide debris avalanche rapidly

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

Estimated volume of debris is approximately 20million m3 (Sandra G. Catane, Hillel

B. Cabria, Cristituto P. TomarongJr, Ricarido M. SaturayJr, Mark Albert H. Zarco, Winston C.

Pioquinto, 2006). Economically, the landslide impacted to $460,469.18M in agriculture,

for the locals.

They have continued to be visited by recurring natural disasters with a variety of

causes, triggers, and numerous impacts and casualties.

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

With technology and research continuously increasing pace, prevention and

and stabilize and encourage the economy further.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

comparison to other natural disasters, also in regard of mediums of prevention and

of the research study:

1. What was the main cause of Guinsaugon landslide?

landslide’s presented damages?

situation during a similar occurrence of this natural hazard?

1.3 Significance of the Study

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

information on the Guinsaugon Landslide.

awareness of local citizens and update knowledge on the hazards framework.

communications in hard to reach areas to help in minimizing the loss of lives.

factors in computing future costs of next hazards to improve management.

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

The Analysis of Causes and Effects

The Guinsaugon Landslide is solely to be caused by preceding natural occurrences

at a distance in great consideration of the steep geophysical structure of St Bernard. Please

Leyte passing Guinsaguon at the lower tip.

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

January 2006, 283 landslide fatalities, many in Asia, were surveyed.

to Department of Social and Welfare Development (DSWD) and Provincial Disaster

agricultural production that resulted in a total loss of approximately $406,469.18. Property

damage and infrastructural damage amounted to an estimation of P100M each, which

involved barangay halls and schools.

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016

abandoning danger zones.

Despite the overwhelming attendance of the various organizations, it cannot be

Evacuation should have been immediate if the preliminary occurrences of continuous

matter the magnitude, would be disastrous in an area where deforestation is occurring.

Case Study: Guinsaugon Landslide 2006 2016