Nat*l$a Youchenko

'' *lii. *;:

'ara- ,

, ==3
:

.. ... .. _. =?x.
t*:.7,7-'
 H. BoeqeHKo

aCROSS THE
ENGLISH-
SPEEKING
WORLD:

Great Britain

book I

l-loci6uNK 3 xpaTHosHaBcrBa
Arle crapuilx Knacis uxin,
riMHasirI, niqela
ryuauirapHoro npoSinrc
66R 74.261.7 Asrn
ElB

Cepin HaBqanbHrx noci6x14xie s xpai'HosnaBcrBa "Across the English

Speaking World,,
cKnaAaerbcq 3 Tpbox KHHr:
xHrra 1 Great Britain (aarop BoereHxo H.O.)
xunra 2
- The United States of Amenca (asrop Horina O.B. I nid ped. Boweuxo
xHrra 3 - Canada. Australia and New Zealand (aerop Horina
H.cD.)
- O.B. / nid ped. Boorcuxo H.@.)

PeqeuseHrlt oniisux Hamans Bonoduuupieua, xaupugar einonorivHr4x

" xa$e4pra iH-ogerulunx HayK, crapunfr Brg.naAaq
t',toa Tepuoninucsxoro
AepxaBHoro exoHo[ai.]Horo yuieepcurery,
Posyu Hadin onezieua, Bqltrenb-MeroAHCr, 3acrynHhK
A[pexTopa 3 HaBL{aHHF
aurnifrcsxoi rraoer TepHoninucuxoi cepegHuol cneqianiaosjnol
aaransHooceirHuoi
[uKonH Ns3 S nornfi6neHrna BhBqeHHsM iHOgeN,,'HilX ruoa,
[1aenrcrc Auua Bonodumupieua, aqutens erulol xareropil
Tepuoninscuxoi xnacrquoi
rirranaeii iM. leaHa Opanra.

E18 Boe.{exxo H.O.

Across the English-speaking world: Great Britain: noci6urx
Ann crapur4x xnacia Lurin is
nornu6neHrM BLrBqeHHsn,t aurniilcuxoi Moer4, niqeie, xonegxia
ra riMHasirz ryuaHirapHoro
npogino. TepHonins: fli6pa Teppa, 2OOT _200 c.: in. _
-
lsBN 966-8790-02-2 (noeHe si6panHn), tsBN 978-966-8790-19-5 (rorr,r
1).

Hae'lanuHrti noci6rrax "Across Great Britain" ('l-lo Benraxiil

EpraraHii',) qe 4o6ipxa rexcrie
aHrnitZcurorc MoBoto Ao Kypcy "KpaiHosnaacreo". TeMarlrxa
rexcrie- eignoaigae Br4MoraM
AepxaBHoi nporpaMu 4nn r.urin s nornr6neHhM Br4BqeHHrru inoseunoi uoer.
.Qo KoxHoro reKcry
AoAarcTbce cnoBHl4\'{oK 3 nepeKnaAoru cnia ra aupasie, u.lo Moxyrb BuKrhKarh
rpygnor4i, cr4creMa
3anr4TaHb i xonrponunhx 3aB.qaHb, cnpqMoBaH[x Ha
3acBoeHHfi fleKchriHoro ra rexcroBofo
rr,larepiany i poaeurox HaB14qoK [,loHonori.rxoro ra gianori.]Horo
MoBreHHF. B xinqi xxurra
HaBOAflTbCfi Tecr[ Anq nepeaipxra pieHn snanu yvxia
s 4aHOi reruaruxu.
Pospaxoeaxo Ha yvxie 3aranbHoocBirHix uxin g- nornn6nexHM
Br4BqeHHqr aHrniricuxoi Moa[,
niqeia, riN,txasii, xonegxia.

86K14.261.7 Anrn
ISBN 966-8790-02-2 (noaxe si6pannn),
ISBN 978-966-8790-19-5 (rorr,r 1). @ Bragaexrqrao <fli6pa Teppa>, 2007
O H.O. Boa,{exxo, 2007
 nEPEAMOBA

[-lera uaa.lanuHyrri noci6HNr crBopeHo Ha ocHoai aBropcbKo'i nporparur BfiKnaAaHHF

Kypcy "KpaiuosHaBCTBo" y cneqianisoBaHilx rllKorax s nornta6neHI4M Br4BL{eHHsH,l aHrnittcuxo[
MoBr4, niqenx, rirrltHasinx ra KoneAxax. ['lporpaMa po3paxoBaHa Ha BHKnaAaHHF Kypcy
npornroM ABox ceMecrpie.
Kypc cxnagaerbcF 3 r.rorr4pbox posginie a icropil Benrxol EpraraniT (no gea posginr na
xoxHnil ceruecrp) i 33 ypoxis. Marepiafiil Ao KoxHoro ypoKy BKflloLraorb reKCr AnF
qhraHHF, cnoBHr4rroK 3 nepeKnaAoH,t cnie ra aupaaia, u.lo Moxyrb BilKrhKarm rpypxoqi,
Ta cilcreMy BnpaB isaeganu Ha 3acBoeHHfl reKctaL{Horo ra reKCToBoro n,tarepiany.
BrxoHauHR l-14x BnpaB nepeg6avae noBropeHHfl rpaMarilqHoro vrarepiany i cnpnuoaate
Ha po3Bhrox y yvnia HaBrqoK N,toxonori,{Ftoro ra gianorivnoro MoBneHHfl.
Ens AoAarKoBoro L.tilTaHHF nponoHyrorucn 12 rercrie s Heo6xigH14Mt,l Merogt4LtHt4M14
pospo6xanara. llepeg6aqaerbcn, u.lo HaA reKCTaMil Ann AoAarKoBoro qfiraHHfl yvHi 6ygyru
npaqrcBarr caH,locrirano nporsroM I ra ll cen,tecrpia.
Y noci6ulrxy HaBegeHo raKox recroei 3aBAaHHF Anfl TeMaril\lHoro onilTyBaHHF.
Vxnagav cKnaAae qrpy noAEKy Einoycoay Augpiro ra Horiuita OneHi 3a AonoMory B
po6ori naA noci6nuKoM.
 BCTYN
Has'lansHhrz noci6HNx "Acrois Great Britain" ("1-1o Benr,rxira
"KpaixosHaBcrBo" cKna.qaerbcF 3 t'lort4pbox poeAinia, EprarairiI,,) s Kypcy
sxi oxonnnrors pisni acneKTh e icropii.
xt4rre ra po3BhrKy Benrxoi EpraraHii..
Y poaAini Ino4aersce crapoAaaun icropir, no4ii, r4o eig6yeaflilcb
noqarKy naulol epr Ha repraropil Epraranii; posnoeiAaerbcs Ao HaLUoi Ta Ha
npo nneMeHa, sxi uacennnr
EprraHcsxi ocrposr, nneMeHa 3 KOHTilHeHry. xorpi Bropranilcb
(xenurn, pvMnAHV, aHrno-caKcil, AarL{aHv1 Ta HopMaHfi), npoHa repfiropiro EpraraHii
npilHocrnh s co60ro e xpaiHy: r40 6ygysanrl. ulo pyhayaanu,
re, u.lo qi nneueHa
ax 6ynu osopoeni, nx
craBilnilcb Ao [aiclleaoro HaceneHHs; sK_qyxrxqi repr.lorfi ra 6apoHr _ 60ponucfl 3a
aHrnificuxrri rpon ra KopoHy; nx ai46yBaBcff -no4in xa 6igxux
pa6oenacHrxie, sx BVH'AKIa 3Harb rou1o.
i 6aratux, pa6ia i
Y posgini ll erceirnrcerbcF icropin po3BhrKy anrnir,rcuror'H,toail, BnnilB
nneMeH ixapogis sa gL,1iur ra p03BHroK MoB14, enacnigox qoro iHurrx
ocHoeHi nepio4r,1 e icropii po3BHTKy anrnificsxoT voeH
npocrexyorbc' rpr4
cmapui AO XI Cr. , cepedniil
xl-xv cr' ra cyvacnui s XV cr. i go Ha[!HX gnia;
-AoBroro " -
posnoeigaerscn,
- s6araqyBanacb 3a paxyHoK
vacy aurnivtcuxa ruoea
eK nporfiroM
3ano3rqeHng cnia s iHLur,rx
MOB BHaCnipox saeoloBaHb, po3B14TKy roprieni, noAopoxei,
HOBr,rx reorpaQivHrx
ai4xpr,rrrie.
Hanprrnag: crloBo <floxgoH> noxoEt4rb aig geox crapoAaBHix
xenurcsxilx cnie: ,,Llyn,,
o3epo i "Dun" pvtttnaHh Ha3t4BafiN flougo;r no-cBoeMy ,,Londinium,,.
- - $opmeu,a.
3aagnxr reorpa$ivHoMy nonoxeunro i posBr4rKy aigHocru rr,lix xpalnaur cnoBo ,,flongou,,
3 qacoM Brparrflo crape 3ByqaHHe.
B aHrniilcuKoMy cfioBHl4Ky MoxHa saafrtn cfloBa, qxi Marcru
cxoxe 3ByqaHHs icninuHe
3HaqeHHfl e iHUJilZ vroei. HanpfiKnaA: aHrnirZcuxe cnoBo ,'father,,,
Hin,1equxe ,,pater,,,
flarilHcbKe "pater", rpeqbKe ,'pater", i na caxcxputi ,,pirt,,.
BoAHOqac 6araro cnie etailulnra ei exrrxy. Hanprxna
A'.. ',thy,, _ mo6i,
,,thee,, _
e noesii Eafipora, coHerax LlJexcnipa. ffiu,
Ane 6araro cnia y srgosn,tinexoMy BilrnsAi ra goci 3anrurarcrbcfi
y cnoBHuxy anrnirzcuroi
MoBl4' HaraAyrcqr npo icropiro xpalHN. Hanprrnag:
Ha3Bil gHie ruxun sanosraveHi aig
ssl4'lHl4xie (axrnia, caxcie ra rorie), qxi noxnoHnfll4cb
oararuou 6orarra: ,,Ssnday,,
coxqn, "Monday"
- AeHb Micnqs, ,'Tuesday',
,qeHb 6ora
,,Tuesco,, - AeHb
(6ora Terrapner,r)
ir.R. -
Y posginilll posrnnAarcrbcfl inui icropravni nogil, nxi ai46yaanhcb y xlll-xlx
nepioA CepegHuoai'.|'{q e AHrniI, Konr Benficn qeogansHi cronirrsx:
qepKBoro, KoponqMr i 6apoxanar 3a BnaAy
eiraHI vrix xoponnun i
e xpaiHi;
noFBa nepuJl4x AepxaBHilX AOxyruexria, TaKrx qx "Benfixa
-
BnaAy Koponfi Ta
Xaprin,,, gxa o6[4exNna
crafla nprqHHolo Bt/Hl4KHeHHq aHrnitZcuxoro llapnaMeHry,
po:ginuecn aa 2 nanarr: nanary nopgia i nanary nxrar,r sropor,,r
o6u{raH;
aitzHI s lcnauierc iopar-rqiero, Rxi norpelyainu Benhqe3Hlax
xor-uria Ha Ix aegeHun
i nprsaogrnil Ao norpa6yaanHn npocroro HapoAy, rlo B cBoro qepry
Bh6flr1afio o6ypeunn
npocroro nloAy ra noBcraHHF, a no 3aBep[ueHHi npusaopnno
roponie nag 6yHrapfrM.A; AO Xopcroxoi po3npaBr

- noqaroKposenrox
pesolrcqii"),
nooygoara raniranisuy a xpaiHi, nepiog rexHi.rioro
nporpecy (,,1-lponrracnoeoi'
cinucsxoro rocnoEapcrea i ropriani e xpalHi: no""a
HoBr4x ea6p,x
ra saeogia, po3BeAeHHff OBeLlb ra eKCnOpr BoBHr4, po3Br4roK
cygHooygyBaHHfl ra nogopoNi
a ganexi xpaIHr: ln.qiro, Arvrepraxy ir.p., nonea HoBr4x
arHaxogia: p03B14ToK rr,1eranyprii ra
BilnfiaBfleHHR 3ani3a, nosBa nepuoro 3ani3Horo Mocra ra Kopa6nn, a raKox napoBoro
ABilryHa;
noFBa npoMhcnoBoro nponerapiary ra opraHisarlin nposcninox.
-Y posgini lV posnoeiEaerbcg npo cboroAeuss Benuroi EpraraniT:
CBFTA;
- rpaArqtI, penirirc Ta KynbrypHe xilTTF;
- 3Br4qKil,
reorpaSi,{He ra exoHonaiqxe nofloxeHHfl xpaiHra;
- nonirilqHy cr/creMy ra napril;
- cronilqo, eenfixi npoMilcnoBi, xynurypHi
- ra oceirHi LleHrpr4 ra ix ehgHaqHi Naicqs
(xaplanHi ranepei, rrayseT ra naM'fiTKr,r apxirexrypra).
KoxHrail posgin BKnrcqae Hoei nexchvui o4rHrqi s rpancrprnqiero ra nepeKragoM
yxpaincsrorc MoBolo. MerogrvHi pospo6xn go rexcrie cnpsMoBaHi Ha sacaoeHHfl yqHflMt4
fleKcklqHoro, TeKCToBoro ra rpaMarfiqHoro Marepiany, poseilroK MoHonori,{Horo ra
Aianori'{HoTo MoBreHHfl 3 TeMr, a raKox Ha po3Br4Tox yrraiuHr npaq}oBaril KoneKTHBHo ra
ca n,t ocrii u o.
,[nn caruocrirar-roi AoMat!Hboi po6orr,r nponoHyiorucs 12 rexcrie 3 MeroA14r]H14MLl
pospo6xavr: no 6 rercrie Ha ceMecrp.
Y goparxoBrx reKCTax varepian nphcBFL{eHrr)r gepxaeHilM napKan,l i sanoei4HilKaM,
goseinno, cBflraM ra aigorr,trrr,t ri,ticrar',t, raKrM HK, HanpHKnag, CrparSop4-Ha-ErZeoHi,
axvil aarapye HaulaAKaM npo xr4rrq i reopvicru eigori,toro anrniicsroro nficbMeHuuxa B.
[Jexcnipa.

Aarop cnopieaerucfl, Lqo noci6nux "Across Great Britain" AonoMoxe yqHFM rnr6ue i

6insuL noBHo Bl4Br{r4rr4 xypc "KpaTHo3HaBcrBo" ra saxpinNrr sgo6yri sHaHHs.

tr

THE DEWN OF BRITISH HISTORY

st. THE CETTS
ffilKK Read and memorize the foltowing words:
Celt [keltl
- Keflbr
B.C. = before Christ- =Kenbr
before our era l'raraj
to inhabit Irn'habrt] - Hacerrr,l, 3acerFrrl - HacerFrb, 3acenerb
lberian Iar'brarran] i6ep r,r6ep
to spread (spread, - -
spread) [spred] norurproBarrcb pacnpocrpaHnTbcfl
tribe [trarb] pig, nreM'F poA, -
nfleMe -
-
to invade Irn'r,erd] -
Broprarvce
overcome (overcame, - overcome)- [ BToprarbcn
Scot [skot] u.iornaHAeLlb; icm. crorr
,aova'k,,m]
- nepeMatarvl no6exgaru
uorflaHAeq; ucm. cKorr-
-
to settle ['setl] ocenerllcg -
nocenerbcfi
to return Irr'ts:n]- noBeprarlcr- Bo3pau{arbcn
island l'arland] - -
- ocrpia
powerful ['paoafal] - ocrpoB
ruoryrHih, cunaanil MoryulecrseHnuli, crnsssrft
Briton ['bntn] -
6pmraHeqs; icm. 6prarr
- 6prraneqi ucm. 6pnrr
to hold (held)- eonogiril Bnagerb -
to be acquainted -
- with [a'kwerntrd]
use [ju:z] BilKopr4craHHn, 3acrocyBaHHl
- 6yru o6isHaHilNa s
- 6srru
rcnonb3oBaHre,
3HaKoMbtM c
npilMeHeHfie
-
copper ['knpa1 rraigu MeAb
-
tin [trn] onoBo
- onoBo -
-
iron ['aran] -
saniso xene3o
herd [hs:d] - craAo
- craAo
to cultivate- crops ['k,rltrvert]
-
KynbrypLl
- Bilpoll-lyBarr4 rocnoAapcuxi
Bbtpau-lhBarb cenbcKoxo3RficrgeHxute Kynbrypbt
common -['koman]
to wear (wore, worn) - sgt4,{afiHrrZ,
Hocr4Tt4
cninuHnit
Hochrb
- o6urxHoeeHHurfi, o6qrrZ
to paint lpernt] -
poasap6oeyearr - pacKpauJrBarb
-
to be armed with [o:md] 6yryr os6poenru -
sword [sc:d] Me'..t
-
Meq
- 6urru BoopyxeHHbtM
spear [spra] - cnilc- Konbe
-
to worship ['ws:Jrp] - noxnoHFTr4cs noKnoHETbcfl
-
primitive system ['pnmrtrv] -
nepaicuoo6tqNHnrafi naA
clan [klren] xnas KnaH
- - nepso6urrHoo6r4lrxHurft crpofr
community -[ka'mju:nrtr] -
to own [a<x] sonogirr - pogoBa (cirvrerlua) o6qrna
BnaAeru, o6nagaru - pogoBan o6qNna
-
property ['propatr] -
anacHicrb co6creeHHocru
to be equal ['i:kwal] - 6yru -
pienonpaeHt4M 6urru paenonpaBHbtM
-
A.D. = anno Domini (Lat.) = our era -
transition [traen'zrJen] nepexig nepexog
- -
from a primitive communal society to a c/ass society
cycninucrea Ao Knacoaoro cycninbcrBa - BiE nprruirreHoro
or nep8o6urxoo6qhHHoro
o6r4NHHoro
crpon K KnaccoBoMy
o6qecray -
 wffitrtrrci
ffia) Match the
check yourself:
Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations.
H;LI;Tffi
W
Filt in the
Wffi
table:
1- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.-
ffiffi
ffi
11 .- 12.- 13.- 14- 15.- 16.- 17- 18.- 19.- ztJ - >
1) spear a) erpor4yaarm L-'
t*
2) herd b) o6qrna g
3) to invade c) Pia
4) clan d) ocennrrcn
5) tribe e) rr,tigu a
6) to be acquainted with f) cninsuni e
7) copper g) 6prrr cg
B) to worship c0
h) cnrc
9) sword i) aroprarracn
TL
10) tin j) craAo
{-
11) to inhabit k) xnau
12) Briton l) 6yrr o6isHaHilN,l s
13) common m) noxnouRrucR
14) to spread n) nltev
15) to overcome o) onoao t-
16) transition p) aacennrr
17) property q) nourrprcBarilcb
1B) to settle r) nepeMararta
19) to cultivate s) nepexig
20) community t) anacHicru

b) Write down the English equivalents:

3ani3o, BropTarhcn, uigu, Ao H. e.,3aceneru, craAo,6yna o6isHaHrM 3, noKfloHnrtlcn,
i6ep, uev, Bt4potlyBarfi, cnHc, cninsHvrft, nepexig, noui14prcBarucb, nepeMararr, enacHicru

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:

to worship, lberian, transition, spread, copper, sword, clan, Briton, to settle, to be
acquainted with, herd, common, spear, iron, tin, Celt, tribe, to invade, property, to inhabit,
community, to cultivate, to be armed with
F

d) Read the words written aboue (Task 2c) and translate them into tJkrainian.

e) Write down the names of the following tribes in English:

KenbTh i6epr
- -
CKOTT14 lpvtrttr
-
ffi Read and transtate the text.
THE CELTS
About 3000 years B.C. many parts of Europe, including the
British lsles, inhabited by a people called the Iberians
'.,,ere
vyhc are st:r found in the North of Spain (later they were mixed
vritn the Cetrs).
During the period from the 6th to the 3rd century B.C. a
people calleo the Celts spread all over
Europe from the east to the west. More
than one Celtic tribe invaded Britain.
From time to time these tribes were
attacked and overcome by other Celtic
tribes from the Continent. Tribes of
Scots crossed over to lreland and
settled there. Later the Scots
returned to the larger island and in
time the name of Scotland was given to
the country. Powerful Celtic tribes, the
Britons, held most of the country, and the southern half of the
island was named Britain after them.
The Celts had no towns, they lived in villages.

il&
They were acquainted with the use of copper,
tin, iron. They kept large herds of catfle and sheep
and cultivated crops. The Celtic tribes of the
Britons, who inhabited the south-eastern parts of
the island, made their houses of wood while the
other Celts made them of skins.
Some of the Celtic tribes were quite large and
fighting was common among them. ln times of war
the Celts wore skins and painted their faces. They

rhe certs ,arorshipped Nature rhyy";i"i'ffi1XltJ ffii*"" ili,]fllTi;y worked

collectively in clans or family communities, they owned common property and were
all equal' In the last centuries B.C. and the first centuries A.D, tne Celts *"r" in a period
of transition from a primitive communal society to a ctass society.

Answer the questions.

1. What do you know about the lberians?
2. Who invaded England first?
3. When did the Celts come?
 4. What do you know about the lberians?
5. How did the Celts look like in times of war?
6. What do you know about the occupations of the Celts, their arms and their social
system?

Prove that the Celfs were at a higher stage of social development o

than the lberians. Discuss the problem. F
tl)
ffiKPutquestionsonthetext.lJsedifferenttypesofquestions.
W W Correct the wrong statements. Consult the text. a
1. During the period from the 6th to the Bth century A.D. a people called the Celts
tr
spread all over the world from the east to the west. co
TL
o
2. The Celts had no villages, they lived in towns Z,
\l-
3. German tribes crossed over to lreland and settled there.
lr I

4. Some of the Scots tribes were quite small and fighting was common among them.
t-

5. ln times of war the Celts wore jeans and painted their noses.

6. They were armed with guns.

7. The Celts worshipped Space.

1. About 3000 years B.C. many parts of Europe were inhabited

2. Powerful Celtic tribes, the Britons, held most of the country

3. They were acquainted with

4. They kept large herds of cattle and

5. The Celts were armed with

?KlW[ Fiil in the gaps, using the correct forms of the yerbs in brackets.
1. The Celts (to have) no towns, they (to live) in villages.
 2. Later the Scots (to return) to the larger island and in
time the name of Scotland (to give) to the country.
3. They (to cultivate) cro ps.
4. The Britons (to make) their houses of wood.
5. ln times of war the Celts (to wear) skins and (to paint)
their faces.
6. The Celts (to worship) Nature.
7. They (to live) under the primitive system.
8. They (to work) collectively in clans or family
communities.

ffilB'Iil Make up dialogues, using the guesfions of Task 4 and your own
ones.
NOTES

ffi Retett the text.

ffi Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

 82. THE ROMAN CONSUEST OF BRITEIN
ffiE ne,i and memorize the fottowing words:
Roman ['raoman] pklMcbKnil purucrmil
conquest ['kngkwest] - -
3aBorcBaHHfl 3aBoeBaHhe
the Romans -
pr,rMnnHil phMnsHe -
*&*
to rule [ru:l] - npaBilrr4 - ynpaBflfiTb
-
civilized l'srvalarzd] -
qileinisoaaanil qvBvitltlooaaHHuttl w
to conquer ['knoka] - saaoiloByBaril - 3aBoeBbtBarb
to differ ['arfa] -
eigpisnnrtacb -
orfll/qarbcfl
- -
to divide into ldr'vard] ginnrucs Ha - Aentarbcq Ha w
-
antagonistic classes [an,taega'nrstrk] t-
- aoporyrovi Knacil -
Bpaxgytou-lhe Knaccbt
slave lslerv] pa6 pa6
slave-owner -['slerv,aona]- g
pa6oenacnilK pa6oenageneq
- Opanqrn -
i,l-
France Ifro:ns] opanqin
Gaul [gr:l] -
Tarfl ranr -
-
in the course [kc:s] - niA ,rac
campaign [krem'pern]- KaMnaHiR - Bo xaunaxNR
BpeMF

-
Julius Caesar ['d5u:ljes'si:za) - l-{esap l'Onrail l-{esaps
tOniri
{t

to reach [ri:tJ] gocnrarr4 Aocrhrarb - - lr I

-
the Channel ['tlanl] -
- Ila-MaHLuHe3anexHicru
independence [,rndr'pendans] - Jla-MauLu
in spite of lspart] He3Baxarcq[ - Ha HecMorpe - He3aBfict4Mocrb
Ha
courage ['k,trrds] - xopo6picru, eigeara - xpa6pocrb, orBara
to drive off [drarv] - nporaHnrv -
nporoHnrb
straight Istrert] -
npnrurfi -
npnuoft
legion ['li:dsan] - nerioH - fleriloH
to march [mo:tJ]- iltn Bnepeg -
- vyru BnepeA
dweller ['dlr'ela] - xrTenb xrreflb
-
splendid ['splendrd] -
poeriu.tHuitt pocxotLtxutil
Gloucester ['glosta] - Fnocrep, Ha3Ba - aHrniftcuroro rpa$crea l-nocrep, Ha3BaHile
anrnuicxoTo rpaQcraa- -
military station ['mrlrtari] eoexxrtZ nyHKr
- BoeHHbtil nynxr
to surround Isa'raond]
-orovyBaru oKpyxarb
defence Idr'fens] -
3axrCr 3au-lhra
-
- -
to guard Igo:d] - oxopoHFrtl - oxpaHFrb
warrior ['woria]
- eoTFr - nepisnicru
inequality [,rnr'kwolrti]
BoHH

chief [tli:f] BaraxoK - rnaBapb

- HepaBeHCrBo
-
nobility [nao'brlrtr] -
pogoBa 3Harb poloBaF 3Harb
conqueror ['kopkaral - saeofioBHuK
- 3aBoeBarerb
like nx, nogi6no Ao - xax, nogo6nutta -
-
gradually ['grred5juali] - nocrynoBo nocreneHHo
to weaken ['rvi:kan] -cna6Hyrv - -cna6eru
-
to recall Irr'kc:l] - aipxnrrart or3brBarb
to defend Idr'fend] 3axilulart- - 3aqhu-{arb
province ['provrns] - npoeinqin
barbaric [bo:'barrk] - BapBapcurrfi, - npoehHLlt4F
Barbaric tribes -
BapBapcuxi
nepeicHuu
nnerueHa
- BapBapcxril,
BapBapcKtle
nepao6utrHutta
nneMeHa
-
germanic [d5s:'manrk] repH,raucuxtttt
- repuaHcxttil
Germanic tribes - -
repMaHcuri nnerraeHa -; repMaHcKt4e nneMeHa
-
$fiFfi l[ ch eck yo u rsetf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the Engtish words and word-combinations.
in the table:
1.- 2.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- 8.- 9.-
10.- 11.- I 12.- 13.- 14- 15.- 16 - 17.- 18.-
1) nobility a) saaorceauHn
2) courage b) rann
3) dweller c) pa6
4) conquest d) lOnifi l-.{esap
5) in spite of e) aoix
6) campaign f) aaeorosyearr
7) legion g) xessaxarcqh Ha
B) splendid h ) xopo6picru
9) gradually i) n po ra n nrra
10) warrior j) xrrenb
11 ) slave k) Hepisxicrs
12) to conquer l) l-nocrep
13) inequality m) pogoea 3Harb
14) barbaric n) nerioH
15) to drive off o) nocrynoao
16) Gaul p) eapaapcsxrafi
17) Julius Caesar q) posxiuurN
1B) Gloucester r) xaunaHin

b) Write clown the English equivalents:

aoporyrcvi Kflacu, uepiauicru, neriox, aigeara, 3aBorcBaHHF, rafln, Aoceraril,
He3BaxarcLlil lia, xilrenb, nocrynoso, pa6, nporaHflTr/, Ila-Manu, oxopoHgrtl, eoIH, tonifi
t-{esap, l-nocrep, poAoBa 3Harb, BapBapcbKril, eoennrfi nynrr

c) Write down the tJkrainian equivalents:

conquest, barbaric, dweller, Gaul, courage, inequality, Julius caesar, to conquer,
gradually, campaign, the Channel, antagonistic

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into tJkrainian.

?HWW Read and translate the text.

THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF BRITAIN

first century A D the Romans who ruted all of the civilized world at that time
 T

conquered Britain. Two thousand years ago the Celts were living
in tribes. Roman society differed greatly from that of the Celts.
It was a slave society divided into antagonistic classes, the
slaves and the slaveowners. One of the last countries to be
conquered by Rome was France, or Gaul. The war against the
Gauls, who were Celtic tribes, lasted for eight years. ln the
course of his campaigns Caesar reached the Channel. ln a
F-
55 B.C. the Roman army of 10,000 men crossed the Channel tf)
and invaded Britain. The Celts fought bravely for their
independence, but they were not strong enough, in spite of their courage, to drive
the Romans off. (/J
Although Julius Caesar came to Britain twice in the t-
course of two years, he was not able to conquer it. ln 43 E
cs
A.D. the Roman army invaded Britain and conquered the
t&
South-East. Other parts of the country were taken from rbj
time to time during the next 40 years. Straight roads were *;t
built for the legions to march quickly. They can still be
found in Britain today.
The civilized Romans were city dwellers and they
began to build towns, splendid villages (York,
Gloucester, Lincoln, London). The Roman towns were
military stations surrounded by walls for defence
which were guarded by the Roman warriors. Among the
Celts inequality began to grow the tribal chiefs and
nobility became richer than other members of the tribe. -
The noble Celts adopted the mode of life of their conquerors.
They lived in rich houses and dressed like Romans.
ln the 3rd-4th centuries the power of the Roman Empire
gradually weakened. Early in the Sth century (407) the
Roman legions were recalled from Britain to defend the
central provinces from the attacks of the Barbaric and
Germanic tribes.

M'ffiW ffi Write out all the names of the tribes from the text.

Wffiry Answer the questions.

1. Who invaded England in the 1st century A.D.?
2. How did the way of life in the Roman Empire differ from the life of the Celts in
the 1st century A.D.?
3. By what means did the Romans secure their position in Britain?
4_ How did the Roman way of life influence the life of the Celts?

WffiYffi Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

ffiCompletethesenfences'usingthetext,translatethem.
1. Two thousand years ago the Celts...

2. It was a slave society divided into...

3. The war against the Gauls,...

4. Although Julius Caesar came to Britain twice...

5. The Roman to\r,ns were...

6. The noble Celts adopted...

7. ln the 3rd 4th centuries...

-

ffig Fiil in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Translate the senfences.
1. Roman society (to differ) greatly from that of the Celts.
2. It (to be) a slave society
3. ln 55 B.C. the Roman army of 10,000 men (to cross)
the Channel and (to invade) Britain.
4. The Celts (to fight) bravely for their independence,
but they (to be) not strong enough.
5. The noble Celts (to live) in rich houses and (to dress)
like Romans.
6, And early in the 5th century the Roman legions (to be recalled)
from Britain (to defend)
their own country.
 ffiffi Put the following sentences in chronological order.
1. ln the 3rd 4th centuries the power of the Roman Empire gradually weafeneO.l--l
-
2. ln 55 B.C. the Roman army of 10,000 men crossed the Channel and invaded Britain.f-l
3. ln the fiEt qentury A.D. the Romans who ruled all the civilized world at that time conquered
Britain.l-l
4. ln 43 A.D. the Roman army invaded Britain and conquered the south-East.
**,
5. Early in the Sth century (a07) the Roman legions were recalled from Britain to defend the
central provinces from the attacks of the Barbaric and Germanic tribes.l-l

ffi Make up dialogues, using the guesfions of Task 5 and your own
ones.
w
t*
*
NOTES r*
f;-

.*-
i*
u

&-
Reteil the text.

ffiffifr Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

U

s3. THE ANGLo-SAXON CoNQUEST OF BRITAIN

(sth
llth cent.)
-
Read and memorize the following words:
to iemain Irr'mernl saniluarvc+ ocraBarbce
the Jutes [dru:ts] - rorr4 lorbr
-
-
the Saxons ['seksnz) - caKcil ucm. caKcbr
icm.
the Angles iarqizj - icm. a+tnv - ucm. aHTflbr
to migrate l::a; c:e:t]- -
nepecernrr'rcn
to land IlanCi -
BhcaAxyBarhcb Ha 6eper - nepeceflerbcn
BbrcaxilBarbcfl na 6eper
fiercely ilras.:. - -
- sanexno
to destroy .i:s trrr] -
pyranyaaru
epocrHo
pa3pyurarb
-
to merge n::Csl - 3nvrvcA -
engaged i:n gerd5dl - cnilrbcn
safranrnft
-
cultivating i'k.rltrvertrg] - saHnrutfi
o6po6xa
arable iaracai] opnrail
- naxornurfi- o6pa6orxa
plough lp;aol - nnyr -
coxa
- -
arable-farming ['arabal,fo:mrg] 3eMnepo6creo 3eMflegenile
cattle-breeding ['katl,bri:drg] - rBaphHHt4l-lrBo - xl4BorHoBoACTBo
medieval l,medi'i:vel] -
cepeAHuoei,iHilfi
-
cpegHeaexosurfi
peasant i'pezant] -
ceflFHr4H
-
to be closely alike-in speech and - KpecrbeH14H
customs po3MoBrf,Tr4 Ha cxoxr4x MoBax ra
Marrl oAHaroei sehqxr pa3roBapilBarb- na noAo6Hbrx s3brKax r o6nagars
oAhHaKoBbtN;til o6ut.raAMV
- r nphBbrrlKaMh

fnTf Check yoursetf:

a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words. Fill in the table:
l.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.-
R- q- 1r} - 12.- 13.- 14.-
1) the Saxons a) cepegHboBi.rHrfi
2) cattle-breeding b) ceneHilH
3) to remain c) caKcta
4) to merge d) nepecensrhcb
5) peasant e) |or14
6) plough f) 3aneKno
7) arable g) 3nL1rr4cfl
B) cultivating h) opnrafr
9) to migrate i) o6po6xa
10) medieval j) nnyr
11 ) arable-farming k) 3alrNUar14cff
12) the Jutes l) sailuatuu
1 3) engaged m) seunepo6creo
14) fiercely n) TBapilHH14qrBo

b) Write down the English equivalents:

3aneKno, nflyr, rcTH, 3eMnepo6crgo, cencHt4H, snvrvc+, opHNrl , 3afltaularilcfl,
-eoecerrFrrlcF, caKch, TBaphHHhqTBo, o6po6xa, saiHRrrfr, cepeAHuogi.lxhfi

0c
(3
t--
t)
c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
engaged, plough, cultivating, to merge, to migrate, fiercely, the Jutes, the Saxons,
arable-farming, cattle-breeding, medieval, peasant w
p
cccl
l,-
(3
x
3
€
d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into Ukrainian.
UJ
HSffifWW Read and transtate the text. F
THE ANGTO.SAXON CONQUEST OF BRITAIN
(ith - llth cent.)
After the Roman legions left Britain the Celts remained
independent but not for long. From the middle of the 5th century
they had to defend the country against the attacks of the
Germanic tribes from the Continent. ln the Sth century first the
Jutes and then other Germanic tribes, the Saxons and the
Angles, began to migrate to Britain. ln 449 the Jutes landed in
Kent and that was the beginning of the conquest. The British
natrves fought fiercely against the invaders and it took more
than a hundred and fifty years for the Angles, the
Saxons and the Jutes to conquer the country. The new conquerors brought about
changes. They disliked towns preferring to live in small villages. They destroyed the
Roman towns and villages. The roads were broken. The Jutes, the Saxons and the
Angles were closely alike in speech and customs and they gradually merged into
one people. They called the Celts <welsh> which means <foreigners) as they did not
understand the Celtic language. The Anglo-Saxon villages were small. Nearly all the
villagers were engaged in cultivating the land.
Corn was grown on the arable land
- that is ploughed land. They used the two-
field system (the land was given a rest every second year). The plough was made of
wood covered with iron. Besides arable-farming, they continued cattle-breeding,
hunting and fishing. There was very little trading at that time. Roads were very poor.
Thus, natural economy predominated in Britain in early medieval times. By the beginning
of the 9th century changes had taken place in Anglo-Saxon society. Rich landowners
were given great power over the peasants. The king's warriors and officials held more
land and they ruled the country.
ffirc Answer the questions.
1. when did the Germanic fribes (the Angto-saxons,) invade Britain?
2. Where did the Germanic tribes come from?
3. What changes did the new conquerors bring to Britain?
4. What was the fate of the Celts?
5. What were the customary methods of cultivating the tand?
6. Describe the Anglo-Saxon village.

rcPutquesfionsonthetext.lJsedifferenttypesofquestions,

FEHGI Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. ln the 5th century first the Jutes and then other Germanic tribes...

2. The British natives fought fiercely against...

3. The Jutes. the Saxons and the Angles were closely alike in...

4. Corn was grown on the arable land ...

-
5. The plough was made of.

6. Besides arable-farming, they continued...

Wtr,W Match the endings of fhe sentences. Fitt in the table.

1.- 2.- J.- 4.- tr
6.- 7.-
1) After the Roman legions left Britain a) "foreigners", as they did not understand
the Celtic language.
2) From the middle of the 5th century b) preferring to live in small villages.
3) They disliked towns c) engaged in cultivating the land.
4) They called the Celts "welsh" d) the Celts remained independent but not
which means for long.
 5) Nearly all the villagers were
6) By the beginning of the 9th century
7) Rich landowners were given
e) they had to defend the country against
the attacks of the Germanic tribes from
the Continent.
f) great power over the peasants.
s) changes had taken place in Anglo
Saxon society.

Hffi Put the foltowing senfence s in chronological order. a"*

v-,
1. ln 449 the Jutes landed in Kent and that was the beginning of the conquest
2. By the beginning of the 9th century changes had taken place in Anglo-Saxon
society.
**
3. From the middle of the 5th century they had to defend the country against the
attacks of the Germanic tribes from the Continent.
4. ln the Sth century first the Jutes and then other Germanic tribes, the Saxons and
the Angles, began to migrate to Britain. (-,

ffi Rebtt the text.

ffiSumupthemaininformationfromthetextinwriting. t&.,

**
v

OF ENGTAND
Wf ilm Read and memorize the fottowing words:
branch [bro:ntJJ rinxa orpacnb, BerKa
- AarqaHr
the Danes ldernz] -
well armed Io:md] - - AarqaHe
go6pe os6poexrai xopor.uo BoopyxeHHbll4
dagger ['daga] -
KHHAxan KrHxan -
-
battleaxe [ 'batl-aks] -
bow [bao] nyK - 6orioea coKupa - Ooeeofr ronop
nyK
raid lrerd] - na6ir- sa6er
thus [d.rs] - raK - raKilM o6pasoru, rax
monastery-i';nonastri]
- MoHacrnp MoHacrbtpb
monarchy f'rnonaki] -MoHapxin -naonapxrn
further ":::ia, -
Aani
-
- Aaflee o6'egHyBarh o6uegrHnrs
to consolidate- Ikan'sohdert]
Wessex l,,r'esrks] Yeccexc - yeccexc -
ongrn r:.d5:n] - -
noxoAxeHHq npohcxoxlqeHile
trader i::e:da] - ToproBellb -roproBeq
skilful i'srr.:u1] - BnpaBHnil
- yn,renurfr
earldom i'::lcaml - -
rpaecrBo rpaecrso
Mercia i':::;-jal - Mepcin -Mepcran
-
Northumbria Inr:'O,nmbna] - Hopryrra6pin Hopryrr,t6pran
clergy Ik1::c5ij -
AyxoBeHcrBo
-
throne [O:-aun] - rpoH rpoH
- AyxoBeHCrBo
- -
f Tf,I Check yoursetf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivatents with the Engtish words. Fitt in the table:
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.-
11 - 12.- 13 - 14.- t5.- t6.- 17- 18 - 19.- 20-
1) monastery a) anpaenrfi
2) throne b) uoHapxin
3) branch c) Hopryrvr6pin
4) consolidate d) na6ir
5) the Danes e) Aani
6) clergy f) noxogxeHHF
7) monarchy g) AarqaHr
B) Northumbria h) MoHacrrp
e) Wessex i) roproeequ
10) Mercia j) rinra
11) origin k) KHHgxan
12) dagger l) rpagcrao
13) earldom m) Mepcin
14) skilful n) nyK
15) battleaxe o) raK
16) trader p) o6'epuyearn
 17) thus q) boiloaa coKilpa
1B) bow r) gyxoaencrao
19) further s) Yeccexc
20) raid t) rpoH

b) Write down the English equivalents:

AarqaHN, po6pe osOpoer-rrail, Kr4HAxafl, rpon, 6oraoBa coKLlpa, nyx, Ha6ir, rax, gani, *
Mepcin, ToproBeqb, anpaeurft, rpaQcreo, .qyxoBeHcrBo, MoHacrilp, ruouapxin,
t*
o6'egnyearil, Yeccexc, noxogxeHnn, Hopryrra6pin
a
F
m
1l*

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs: ?

Wessex, consolidate, monastery. monarchy, Mercia, Northumbria, clergy, thus, dagger, (L
further, battleaxe, earldom, origin, bow, trader, throne, raid ffi
t&J

F"

d) Read the words written above (Task 2ct and translate them into Ukrainian.

ffiSffWil Read and transtate the text.

ESTABT'SHMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND
For three cenl*:,es a struggle went on between
the little Anglo-Saxcr < nEComs. At the end of the Bth
century another branch of the Germanic people
began to attack Britain. The Danes were of the same
Germanic race as tne Anglo-Saxons themselves. The
Danes still lived rn tribes They were well armed with
swords, spears. daggers, battleaxes and bows. ln
793 the Danes carried out their first raids in Britain.
Thus began the fourth conquest of Britain. They
burnt churches and monasteries. Their raids were
successful because the kingdom of England had
neither a regular army nor a fleet in the North Sea
to meet them.
ln the 1Oth century under the rule of Alfred the
Great the Saxon monarchy was further
consolidated and won several victories over the
Danes. The Danes were not driven out of the country,
but they were made subjects of Wessex. They were
not very much different from the Anglo-Saxons among
whom they lived because they were also of Germanic
origin. The Danes influenced the development of the country greatly. They were good
sailors and traders. They were si<ilful shipbuilders. The whole country tormed the united
kingdom. At the beginning of the 11th century England was conquered by the Danes
once more. The Danish king Canute (1017-1035) became king of Denmark, Norway
and England. He made England the centre of his power. But
he was often away from England in his kingdom of Denmark
and so he divided the country into four parts called earldoms.
They were Wessex, Mercia, Northumbria and East Anglia.
The earls ruled over great territories and became very powerful.
The clergy grew more powerful. After the death of Canute an
Anglo-Saxon king came to the throne (1042) and the line of
Danish kings came to an end.

ffi Answer the questions.

1. Why was the unification of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms info one kingdom in the gth
century necessary?
2. How did the Danish sett/ers in England influence the devetopment of the country
in the 1]th llth centuries?
3. How was the- united kingdom of England governed in the 11th ttth centuries?
4. How did the Danish king Canute secure his power in England?-
5. Why were the Danes' raids successfu/?
6. Who became king of Denmark, Nonuay and England in 1017?
7. What country Cid Canute make the centre of his power?
8. What did he divide country into?
9. What were they caiied?
10. Who came to the tnrcne after the death of Canute?
T
. W{ Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

WF.IqYf, Comptete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. They were armed with...

raids were successful because...

 3. ln the 1Oth century under the rule of Alfred the Great..

4. The Danes were not driven out of the country,...

5. The Danish king Canute (1017-1035)...

*
&.
6. After the death of Canute...

rs
Fill in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. r-
The clergy (to grow) more powerful. ec
2. The Danish king Canute (10'17-1035) (to become) r0
tl,-
king of Denmark, Norway and England. &
3. The Danes (to influence) the development of the 2P
country greatly.
4. They (to be) good sailors and traders. d3
5. The Danes still (to tive) in tribes. teJ
6. ln 793 the Danes (carry) out their first raids in Britain. t*
E-ffire Put the foilowing senfence s in chronorogicar order.
1. ln the 1Oth century under the rule of Alfred the Great the Saxon monarchv was further
consolidated and won several vrctories over the Oanes.
[-l
2. At the end of the Bth century another branch of the Germanic people began to attack
Britain.l-l
3. After the death of Canute an Anglo-Saxon king came to the throne (1042) and
the line
of Danish kings came to an end.I
4. ln 793 the Danes carried out theffist raids in Britain.I
5' At the beginning of the '11th century England was conquered by the Danes once
*o'e [*l
r Ul\" up diatogues, usin g the guesfions of rask 4 and your own
ones.
NOIES

IX Reten the text.

Ercry sum up the main information from the text in writing.
 S5. THE NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND
ffiil n"1o and memorize the fotlowing words:
to follow ['folao] cnigyaarv cneAoBarb
the Normans -
-HopMaHh, xoprraaHAqi
-
invasion [rn'versn] BTopTHeHHF
- HopMaHAqbt, HopMaHHbl
BropxeHxe
cc
o
subject ['s,r.bdSrkt] - nignernnh - nogvrxeHHufi t-
g
-
to mix Imrks] srritiu:yaarr,r(cn) - cMeuilBaru(cn)
-
the French [frentJ] -
QpaHqy3vl
manners ['maenez] - cnoci6 xurrs - Spaxqysur c
- - o6pas xkt3Hl4
I
descendant [dr'sendant]
the Northmen l'nc:Oman]-
Hau{aAoK
- noroMoK
icr. crapogaaxi cxaxgvHaBV,
!cc
HOpMaHil
-
UCm. ApeBHile CKaHAHHaBbr, HOpMaHHbr ccl
-
William ['wrljem] tL
duke [dju:k] - BinurenbM
repqor -
repLlor
Bunurenuu o
the Duke of-Normandy- = the Norman Duke repLlor
z,
HoprrraHgcut<uh repqor Hopnaau4cxrfr - <c
-
to gather ['gadel s6rparr a
army ['o:mi] -
aprrain apM]rn
- co6rparu \I
preparation -[,prepa'rerJan]
- nigroroexa noAroroBKa t*
crown [kraon] - -
- KopoHa - KopoHa
sailing-boats ['serhg,baot]
to carry across - napycni cyAHa
nepenpaBflHrr4cb
- napycHr4Kh
nepenpaBnnTbcn
to land [land] -BrcaAxyBarrcn (xa -6eper) - BbrcaxilBarbce (na 6eper)
battle ['batl] - 6rrBa, 6iilt
to take place- aig6yaarhcb - 6nraa, 6oh
nporcxoArlrb
-
in the neighbourhood -
[ 'nerbahod]
victory ['vrktari] nepeMora
- no6nrsy - no6nrsocrt4
no6eAa
-
to subdue [sab'dju:] -
nigxopArvl
whole [haol] -
Becb, rlinrala
- nogqhHerb
Becb, qensrra
- -
William I = William
3aeoeearenu
the Conqueror
- Binurensu I 3aeofioexuK - Brnurenuu I

uprising [',rp,rarzrp] noBcTaHHF

fierce [fras] -
xopcroxrfr - BoccraHHe
xecroxrra
-
to ruin ['ru:rn] -
pynHyaarv
crop [krnp] -
epoxara
- pa3pyuJarb
ypoxar,r
-
orchard ['c:tJad] -
- Spyxroauil ca1 - QpyraoeurH caA
@l check yourself:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations. Fill
in the table:
1 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- 8.-
9.- 10.- 11.- 12.- 13.- 14.- 15.- 16.-
1) fierce a) acn (qina) xpalHa
2) gradually mixed b) pyraxyearn
3) crown c) 3H14r4yBart,t
 4) throne d) nipnernrfi
5) subject e) Haulagox
6) to subdue f) repqor
7) orchard g) xopoHa
B) descendant h) nigxopnrm
9) to carry across i) noacraHun
10) uprising j) Spyrroenfr cag
11 ) crop k) apoxara
12) duke l) no6nrsy
13) in the neighbourhood m)rpoH
14) whole country n) xopcroxuil
15) to ruin o) nocrynoso sn,tiu.rysanhcb
16) to destroy p) nepenpaBnFTficb

b) Write down the English equivalents:

BropTHeHHF. HaulaAoK, repqor, nigxopnrr, KopoHa, noBcraHHF, xopcroKt4il, apoxail,
BhcagxyBarr4cn (Ha 6eper), nignernrra, nocrynoBo, sasoiloeHrK, KepyBaril, 3Ht4u{yBaril,
$pyrroann ca.e

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:

invasion, subject. gradually, descendant, conqueror, crop, orchard, to destroy, fierce,
duke, crown. to subdue, uprising, to land, to rule

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into Ukrainian.

ffi Read and transtate the text.

THE NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND

Four different peoples invaded England. First came
the Celts in the 6th century 8.C., then the Romans in
the 1st century A.D. They were followed by the Anglo-
Saxons in the 5th century. After them came the Danes
at the end of the Bth century. ln the 11th century
England was invaded by the Normans. This was the
Sth and the last invasion of England. Many changes
came about in the life of the Normans and the Danes
after the 9th century. By the 11th century the Danes
had finally settled down as subjects of the English
kings. As time went on they gradually mixed with the
Anglo-Saxons among whom they lived. But the Normans who had settled down in France
lived among the French people, who were different people, with different manners,
customs and language. These descendants of the Northmen who had settled in northern
France in the 9th century became the new Conquerors of England
ln 1066 William, the Duke of Normandy, began to gather an
army to invade Britain. William wanted the English throne. He
began preparations for a new war to fight for the Crown. Many
blg sailing-boats were built to carry the army across the Channel.
william landed in the South of England and the battle between i-"
the Normans and the Anglo-Saxons took place on the 14th of (rl
October 1066 at a little village in the neighbourhood of the town
now called Hastings. The victory at Hastings was only the
beginning of the conquest. lt took several years for william and tn
his barons to subdue the whole of England. Thus the Norman t-
duke became the king of England - William I or William the co
Conqueror. He ruled England Ior 21 years (1066- 1087)- There tr-
were several uprisings in the North and William, who was a fierce c
man, ruined Anglo-Saxon villages, killed many people, destroyed crops and orchards. *
g Answer the questions. <r
1. How many peoples invaded England? r" I
2. What were they? And when did they conquer England?
3. Who gradually mixed with the Anglo-Saxons? **
4. Where had the Normans seff/ed down?
5. How did the French people differ from the Normans?
6. Who began to gather an army to invade Britain in 1066?
7. What did William want?
8. What did William begin preparations for?
9. What was buitt to carry the army across the Channel?
'10. Where did the battte between the Normans and Anglo-Saxons take place?
1'1. What was the beginning of the Norman conquest?
,12. How many years AiA it taXe for Wiltiam and his barons to subdue the whole England?
13. Who became the king of England in 1066?
14. How many years did William I rule England for?
15. Were there any uprisings in the North of England?
16. What did Wiltiam do to put an end to fhose uprisings?

IEW put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

tr

figIfiil Fitt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. Four different peoples (to invade) England.
2. First (to come) the Celts in the 6th century B.C.
3. Then the Romans (to invade) England in the 1st century A.D.
4. The Romans (to follow) by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century.
5. After the Anglo-Saxons (to came) the Danes at the end of the Bth century.
6. ln the 11th century England (to invade) by the Normans. This (to be) the 5th and
the last invasion of England.
7. Many changes (to come) about in the life of the Normans and the Danes after the
9th century.
8. By the 11th century the Danes gradually (to mix) with the Anglo-Saxons.
9. The Normans who (to settle) in northern France in the 9th century (to become) the
new conquerors of England.
10. ln 1066 William, the Duke of Normandy, (to begin)to gather an army to invade Britain.
11. William (to want) the English throne.
12.The battle between the Normans and the Anglo-Saxons (to take place) on the 14th
of October '1066 at Hastings.
13. The victory at Hastings (to be) only the beginning of the conquest.
14. William the Conqueror (to rule) England for 21 years.
15. There (to be) several uprisings in the North of England.
16. William. who (to be) a fierce man, (to ruin)Anglo-Saxon villages, (to kill) many people,
(to destroy) crops and orchards.

@Mafththeendingsofthesentences.Fittinthetabte.
1 .- 2.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.-
u.- Ll_ tu.- 11 12.- 13.- 14.-

1. First came the Celts in a) a new war to fight for the Crown.
2. The Romans invaded England in b) the 1st century A.D.
3. The Romans were followed by c) among the French people.
4. By the 11th century the Danes had d) began to gather an army to invade
finally settled down Britain.
5. The 5th and the last invasion of e) the king of England and ruled it'for 21
England years.
6. After the Anglo-Saxons came f) only the beginning of the conquest.
7. As time went on the Danes gradually g)the Anglo-Saxons in the Sth century A.D.
8. The Normans lived h) on the 14th of October at Hastings.
9. These descendants of the Northmen i) as subjects of the English kings.
10. ln 1066 William, the Duke of j) mixed with the Anglo-Saxons whom they
Normandy, lived.

11. He began preparations for k) became the new conquerors of England.

12. The battle between the Normans
and the Anglo-Saxons took place
13. The victory at Hastings was
14. William I or William the Conqueror
became
l) in the 6th century B.C.
m)the Danes at the end of the 8th century.
n)was the Norman invasion in the 11th
century A.D.
EFilr Put the fottowing sentences in chronorogicar order.
1. ln the 11th century England was invaded by the Normans.T
2' ln 1066 William, the Duke of Normandy, began to gather an army to invade Britain.[
3.There were several uprisinqs in the North and William ruined Anglo-Saxon villages
and killed many peopte.I
4. First came the Celts in the 6th century B C D OC
o
5. Thus the Norman duke became the king of England William I or William the F
- g
conqueror. l_l
6. After the Anglo-saxons came the Danes at the end of the Bth century.I
7. Many changes came about in the life of the Normans and the Danes after the 9th tn
century. [l E
cc
8. William landed in the South of England and the battle between the Normans and co

the Anglo-Saxons took place on the 14th of gctober 1066 at Hastings.LJ lr-
o
9. He ruled Engtand for 21 years (1066-1082).n z
10. The Romans were followed by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century.il 3
c
11. Bv the 11th century the Danes had finally settled down as subjects of the English
rings.I l&I
12. As time went on the Danes gradually mixed with the Anglo-saxonr.I F
13. He began preparations for a new war to fight for the English throne.[

ones.
NOIES

reg Retett the text.

rrylMfr sum up the main information from the text in writing.

r-

WfTf Use information from the text to complete the chart.

THE CONQUESTS OF BRITAIN
Tribes Period Kings Main historical events
1

4
5
 ._l

THE ENGTISH LENGUEGE END

CUTTURE FORMATION
F-*& s6. LANGUAGES OF THE BRITISH ISLES
ftI.ii,Wry Read and memorize the fottowing words:
native ['nertrv]
- Iarl] ruicqearrZ Nrrens _
MecrHbri xrrenu
z
the British lsles EprraHcsxi ocrpoBtA _ 6prraHcxre ocrpoBa
Welsh [welJ] - sanificuxfifi yenuc* i, ,^rn^itcxui,r
yenucuxrfi, 9
F
Gaelic ['gerlrk]- reflbcbKuit renscxrrZ- <E
Manx [mreoks] - -
xrrenie ocrpoBa Men E
- MoBa
cornish. ['kc:nrJ].- - e3brK
KopHyorbcbKril, xopuificuxrra
xrrenefr ocrpoaa MeH d
o
xopHyonscxr,rrz, xop1rr,rftcxrrz
dialect ['daralekt] gianexr AraneKr
- lr.
localized version -['laokalarzdl - aapiaxr MoBr4, FKoro po3MoBnflrorb y neaniil uicqeaocri lil
BapilaHr F3brKa, Ha KOTOpOM- pa3roBapilBaor B onpeAeneHHoil Uecrnocrr
-
to contain [kan'tern] (a co6i) _ BMeu.laru e ce6e t*
- n,ricrrrr
alternative [c:l'ts:netrv] ansrepuatwauuit, B3aeMoBt4xnHc,{Hilrl
*I
J
83ailMo14cKlrcvarcu1rfi- - anbTepHal[sHbrrl,
certain ['ss:tn] neeHiltZ onpepenensurrl ,
form Ifc:m1 -+opra, BrA,- pisHoar,rg
-
complete [kam'pli:t] - eopnaa, arAnonHocrurc ceoprrrrpoeaHnsrfi
noaHicrro c$oprrroeauvil ru
- - u
FEffiE Check yoursetf:
<c
3
(,
a) Match the Ukrainian equivatents with the English words and word-combinations. Z
Fill in the tabte. <E
*.1
1.- 2.- A
5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9-
tl,
1) the British tsles a) gianexr J
2) to contain b) xopHyonscuxrn t3
,k
3) Welsh c) anurepl atv,aHuh rl,
4) Manx d) 6prraHcuxi ocrpoar b.J
5) dialect e) t'rrcrHTH
6) Gaelic t) y,e.r':ucuxur,r
{*
7) alternative g) t,!cBa xurenie ocrpoaa Men
B) Cornish h) renscsxr.t,t
9) complete i) noenicrrc cQopH,roaaHrafi
b) Write down the English equivalents:
EprraHcsxi ocrpoar, yenbcbKl,lri, renbcuKhr,n, Moea xhrenis ocrpoaa MeH,
cQoprr,toaanra r,r, xopH i rz c.,xui,t, gianexr, n,l crrrr, an brep H aTil Ba
i

c) Write down the tJkrainian equivalents:

Cornish, dlalect, the British lsles, alternative, Welsh, to contain, Gaelic,
Manx, complete
F

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into lJkrainian.

e) Write out and memorize all the names of languages.

WFI{WK Read and translate the text.

LANGUAGES OF THE BRITISH

'SIES
It may surprise you to know that until a few centuries ago there were many natives
of what we call the British lsles who did not speak English. The Western land of Wales
spoke Welsh, in the farthest north and the islands of Scotland the language was Gaelic
and a similar language lrish Gaelic was spoken in lreland, Manx was the language of
the lsle of Man, and Cornish that of the south-western top of Britain.
We are not talking about dialects (localized versions of a language) which often
contain alternative words or phrases for certain things, but which are forms of English.
Welsh, Gaelic, Manx and Cornish are complete languages with their own grammar, poetry
and stories all that we call culture.
-
I@ Answer the questions.
1. Did natives of the British /s/es speak English a few centuries ago?
2. Where was Welsh spoken?
3. Where was Gaelic spoken?
4. Where was lrish Gaelic spoken?
5. Where was Manx spoken?
6. Where was Cornish spoken?
7. What are dialects?
8. Were Welsh, Gaelic, Manx and Cornish dialects or complete languages?
9. What do we call culture?

XS Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

WCompletethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem,
1. lt may surprise you to know that until a few centuries ago on the British lsles there
were who

Western land of Wales spoke...

 3. The farthest north and the islands of Scofland spoke...

4. A similar language was spoken in...

5. Manx was the language of...

6. And the south-western part of Britain spoke...

,
7. Welsh, Gaelic, Manx, and Cornish are not they are
g
t*
with...
E
&
o
l&
mfimI Fitt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. tr.I
1. lt may (to surprise) you to know that until a &
few centuries ago there (to be) many natives on
3
t*
the British lsles who (not to speak) English. *I
2. The Western land of Wales (to speak) 3
u
Welsh,
the farthest north and the islands of Scofland (to speak) o
qD
Gaelic and a similar language lrish Gaelic (to be L
(f,
spoken) in lreland, Manx (to be) the language
of the lsle of Man and the south-western part of Britain (to speak) trl
(J
Cornish. <r
3. We (not to talk) about dialects which often (to 3
()
contain) alternative words or phrases for certain Z,
things, but which (to be) forms of English. <r
*J
4. Welsh, Gaelic, Manx and Cornish (to be)
complete languages. a
*.t
(J
ff*Tf I Answer the questions and tabte your maps with the name of z
Irl
proper languages.
1. What languages did people of England speak? tr.I
2. What languages did people of Scotland speak? f-
3. What languages did people of lreland speak?
4. What languages did people of Wales speak?
5. What languages did people of the lsle of Man speak?

fffifi r Retett the text.

IEffiU Make up dialogues, using the guesfions of rask 4 and your own

NOTES
 THE UNITED KINGDOTI
OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND NOTHERN IRELAND

:56:

..11
lrelawl
>g
\.c
€
J'. ,.1 t
England

l\. ale s
ffi Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

tu

,*
6

L*.
l&,

t*
*I
WWYTX Memorize the foltowing information and be ready to write it down.
A few centuries ago on the British lsles there were many natives who did not speak L}
English. Wales spoke Welsh,, Scotland spoke Gaelic, lreland spoke lrish Gaelic, Manx
.vas the language of the lsle of Man and Cornish was spoken in the south-west of Britain. <f
They were not dialects. They were complete languages with their own grammar, poetry t. t
and stories all that we call culture.
-
3
u
a,
aft
*J

*.1
ao
U,I
l.Ll

!-
 SZ. THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH L6NGU6GE
-neaa
[EEm and memorize the fottowing words:
although [r:l'dao] xor{, He3BaxarcL{N Ha re, u.lo xorfl, HecMorps Ha
to belong to -
[br'togl Hanexarv nprHaAnexarb-
arrival Ia'rarval] -
npr6yrr+ -
npr6srrre
-
lndo-European [,indao juara'pi:an] -
- inloeeponeilcut<vtit
to include Irn'klu:d]- BKfl[oL{ar[, BpaxoByBarh - t4H4oeBponeilcxuit
BKflroqarb, nptaHhMarb Bo BHilMaHHe
antiquity Iaen'trkri'rti] AaaHira csir
- nrap
gpeaHnfi
Sanskrit ['sansknt] - -
to resemble lrr'zembal] - caxcxptlT caHcKprr
Marfi -cxoxicru a number of ways
6araro y qoMy - - 6srrs noxoxfiMoco6nilBo
MHoTo B qeM particularly Ipa'trkjulali]
-
oco6eHno
-
similarity [,srmr'larrti] cxoxicrs, noAi6nicru - -
accident ['aks:Cant] - ernaAxoeicrs - cxo.qcrBo
cnyvailHocrs
subfamily [,s,.r':ama1i] - nilrpyna - nogrpynna
to consist of lkan'srst1 - cxnagaracfr - 3 cocroflrb h3
related Irr'iertid: -
cnopigneanh -
pogcraenuulil
relative ['reia:r',, - -
Dutch [d.rt',
po.qilq
- cnopigneauir,ronnaHgcxrft
ronfraHAcbxuh - poAcrBennuril; pogcrBeHHNK
- -
extinct Irk'st:!i:,
Gothic ['gcOri;. - lJ.io ehiluos 3 yxt4rKy
TorcbKr4u rotcxvtit
- BbtueAtt.lufi tn ynorpe6nexrn
- -
fFI{ f Check yoursetf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations. Fill
in the table:
1 2.- 3.- 9.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.- 11.- 12.- 13.-
1) arrival a) oco6nrao
2) related b) rinxa
3 branch c) rqo arilLuos 3 yxt4rKy
4 similarity d) cnopigHenrra
5 antiquity e) rr,tarr cxoxicru
6 extinct f) cKnaAarxcF
7 to resemble g) xov
B to include h) npn6yrrn
e) to belong to i) cxoxicrs
10) particularly j) gaauir,r csir
11) to consist of k) nigrpyna
12) although l) xanexarr
13) subfamily m)axnrcvarr

b) Read the following words and word-combinations. Translate them into tJkrainian.
Germanic tribes, settlement, to include, antiquity, Dutch, extinct, Gothic, closely related,
to consist of languages, to resemble, subfamily, arrival, to belong to, similarity
 c'; Write down the English equivalents.
cxraAarilcn, npr6yrrfl, 3HaqeHnn, gaeHiil ceir, 6nfisuxo cnopigseui, nanexaril,
-3or,raHcbKa rinxa, qo erilu.toB 3 yxt4TKy, Marlt cxoxictb, cxoxicru/noAi6xrcrs

ff.Hry-ffi Read and transtate the text.

Z,
THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE o
We may speak of English as having its beginning Landisfdrne Co.pels F
,',ith the conquest and settlement of a large part of TheL ndisfarne Gospels (about
6S8-721) arc lumrnaled books
r

:'re island of Britain by the Germanic tribes from the priduced by mcnls on an E
rsland oiF th€ EEist of E,
European continent in the mid-fifth century, although gospels are noted for their
rJDrthumbedand, Engl.nd The
C
lr-
:ne earliest written documents belong to the p.ges deccrated wrth compler
nterlac nq desrgns intertwrned
ti,l
seventh century. Of course these people did not, nitr!l lettErs of etsch gosp€l
with ftsntts5ic creatures. The
&
;pon their arrival in England, suddenly begin to were espec illy embe lrshed
Th s pagP showE the
:)
t-
decorated nit als of the
speak a new language. The history of English goes Gospel Accord n! to Sarnt *J
cack much further. English is one of a family of Mrtthew, n wh ch in Lat
begrns liber gererrtDrrs
TJ
("The book of the
'anguages called lndo-European. The languages genertstion"). The Lrndrsf3rne
Gospels are now pail of the
of this family, which includes most of the modern col ectron ol the grrtrsh
-uropean languages as well as such important Lncann fncVclopedia (
anguages of antiquity as Latin, Greek and eiidqEnr.. !rt Librrry.
trj
:rf!on/lew Yrfl
(J
Sanskrit, all resemble each other in a number of <l
ways, particularly in vocabulary. One needs no training in the fine points of philology 3
(,
:o see that the similarities between forms like the English "father", German "pater", z.
Latin "pater", Greek "pater" and Sanskrit "pirt", all of which have the same meaning, are (l
J
not likely to be the result of an accident.
Within the lndo-European family of Ianguages there are several subfamilies, U'
consisting of languages especially closely related. English belongs to the Germanic J
(3
branch of Indo-European and is a close relative of such languages as German, Dutch, *
ry
the Scandinavian languages and the now extinct Gothic.
tl"J
Answer the questions. {--
1. When does English have its beginning?
2. What family does the English language belong to?
3. What languages does the lndo-Eurapean family include?
4. What languages do the subfamilies of the lndo-European family
5. What branch of lndo-European does English belong to?
6. What languages is English a c/ose relative of?

ffif Put questions on the text. IJse different types of questions.

 ffiX Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.
1. We may speak of English as having its beginning with...

2. The earliest written documents belong to...

3. The history of English goes back...

4. English belongs to...

5. lndo-European family of languages includes...

6. The modern European languages and such important languages of antiquity as

Latin, Greek and Sanskrit resemble each other in...

7. There are ... rvithin the lndo-European family of languages.

8. English belongs to .. branch of...

9. English is a close relative of.

FH f Translate the senfences into Engtish.

1. AnrnificuKa MoBa 6epe novarox ig gaeooBaHHe isaceneHHn eenhrol qacrilHr4 ocrpoBa
SprraHii repMaHcbKr4Mr nreMeHaMh.
2. Anrnir,rcbKa MoBa HaflexfiTb Ao iHAoeeponeilcuxoT ciM'I tuoe.
3. lHgoeaponefrcuxa ciru'R rr4oa BKnrcqae 6inuLuicru cyqacHtlx eeponeficuKr4x MoB Ta
eaxnfiei MoBH ,qaBHsoro ceiry, rari sx narilHcbKa, rpeqbKa ra caHcKpt4r.
4. Eo cKfla4y iugoeeponeftcuxoT ciH,t'I Nltoe Bxo.qerb xinuxa nigrpyn.
5. AnrnifrcbKa MoBa Hanexurb Ao repMaHcuxol rinxN iugoeeponefrcsxo'[ cirra'i Moe.
6. AHrnificbKa MoBa a niuequxop, ronnaHgcbKoto,
- 6nhsuxo cnopipHena
cKaH,qilHaBcbKrlMr4 MoBaMil Ta rorcbKoto, FKa anilwna 3 yxl4TKy.

Read the following words. What are they? Translate them into
Ukrainian.
Welsh, Gaelic, lrish Gaelic, Manx, Cornish, Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, German, Dutch, Gothic.
What do you know about fhese languages?

ffis Retett the text.

Make up dialogues, using the guesfions of Task 4 and your own
ones.
 ruorEs

f*. Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

z.
o
F
<c
E
l&

*J

,r

l&I
u
c
(J
vL
C
J

ffi Memorize the fotlowing information and be ready to write it down.

tr English *J
is one of the family of languages called lndo-European. This family includes
most of the modern European languages and also such important languages of antiquity Lr.,
as Latin, Greek and Sanskrit. rr I

Within the lndo-European family of languages there are several subfamilies. English
oelongs to the Germanic branch of lndo-European. lt is a close relative of such languages
as German, Dutch, the Scandinavian languages anC the now extinct Gothic.
*

'ffiffiw Read and mem,,,,u"t;:TYnit9} words:

viking ['varkrg] aixiHr BilKilHr
-
throughout [Oru:'aot] - npornroM Ha npornxeHhH
various ['vearias] -
pisHouaHirnrra - pasHuril, pasnrvnuril
-
various origin ['orrd5rn] -
pisue noxoAxeHHF pa3Hoe npoLtcxoxAeHre
-
to explain Irk'splern] noqcH]oBaril -
o6uscHRru
education [,edjo'kerlan]- oceira
-
o6pasoBaHile
legal system ['li:gal] - -
opt4At4r.tHa chcreMa
obviously ['obviasli] - ffBHo - rcprAhqecKafl cficreMa
oL{eBfiAHo, eBHo
- -
'fl Check yourself:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations.
Fill in the table:
t.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.-
B.- 9.- 10 - t1 - 12- t3.- 14.- 15.-

) various
1 a) pisue noxogxeHHe
2) legal system b) penirin
3) Viking c) Haqagox
4) invasion d) ocaira
5) obviously e) neno
6) descendant f) 3anilruarficF
7) to remain g) eixiHr
B) to drive off h) nporaHnru
9) throughout i) pisuorrraHiruril
10) to invade j) rcpilAr4qHa cilcreMa
11 ) education k) npornron,r
12) to inhabit l) eroprxeuxn
13) religion m) racennru
'14) various origin n) noccHrcgarfi
15) to explain o) saxonnrcaarr
b) Read the following words and word-combinations. Translate them into lJkrainian:
throughout the 9th century, to invade. religion. to inhabit, legal system, obviously,
Viking, invasion, descendant, to remain, education. various origin, to drive of, to explain

c) Write down the English equivalents.

3anilulaTmcn, piaHe noxoAxeHHF, nporflTol',r cronirrq, ppr4At4qHa cilcTeMa, nporaHqrt4,
oceira, penirin, HaqaAoK, eixiHr, fiBHo, 3axonfircBarH, BToprHeHHF, Hacengrfi, noqcHoBarh
IM Read and translate the text.
,NYASTON
What makes the Scottish, Welsh, English and Northern lrish different from each other?
About 2,000 years ago the British lsles were inhabited by the Celts who originally
oame from continental Europe. During 1,000 years there were many invasions. The
Romans came from ltaly in 43 A.D. and, in calling the country "Britannia", gave Britain
its name. The Angles and Saxons came from Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands
rn the 5th century and England got its name from this invasion (Angle-lends).
The Vikings arrived from Denmark and Norway throughout the 9th century and in Z.
1066 the Normans invaded from France. o
These invasions drove the Celts into what is now Wales and Scotland, and they F
<E
:emained, of course, in lreland. E
The English, on the other hand, are the descendants of all the invaders, but are more cc
Anglo-Saxons than anything else.
o
lr.
The various origins explain many of the differences found between England, Wales, lrl
E
Scotland and lreland
- differences in education, religion and the legal systems, but
most obviously, in language.
3
t-
-J
3
IEffi Answer the questions. (J
o
1. Who was the British lsles inhabited by about 2,000 years ago? Z
2. Where did the Celts originally come from? (r
3. Were there many invasions on the British lsles during 1,000 years? ru
4. Who gave Britain its name? (,
5. What did England gef ifs name from? <E
3
6. Where did the Vikings arrive from? (,
7. Where did the invasions drive the Celts into? z
<E
8. Are the English the descendanfs of all the invaders? -,
9. What makes fhe Scoftish, Welsh, English and Northern lrish different from each
other? v,
J
(,
@Putquesfionsonthetext.Usedifferenttypesofguestions. Z
trJ
b.,
t,-

@il Match the endings of the sentences. Fitt in the tabte.

1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- tr_ 6.- 7.- 8.-

1. About 2,000 years ago
2. The Celts originally came
3. During 1,000 years
4. The Romans
a) many of the differences found between England,
Wales, Scotland and lreland.
b) came from Germany, Denmark and the
Netherlands in the Sth century.
c) the British lsles were inhabited by the Celts.
d) from Denmark and Norway.
 5. The Angles and Saxons e)gave Britain its name.
6. England got its name f) from continental Europe.
7. The Vikings arrived g)the descendants of all the invaders.
8. The English are h)there were many invasions.
9. The various origins explain i) from the Anglo-Saxon invasion.
Kemffifi Translate the sentences into English.
1. Snilsuxo 2 tvtcnu poxia rouy EpuraHcuxi ocrpoar 6ynu sacenesi renurarrlr.
2. Pvrt'tnnav Aanfi SprraHii ir' Ha3By.
3. Aurnis orphMana cBoto Ha3By ai4 Ar-rrno-CaxcoucbKoro 3aBooBaHHe.
4. Asrnir,tqi e Hatr1aAxar*n acix saeoftoeHlaxie.
5. Pisxe noxoAxeHHs noFcHoe eiguiuuocri rr,tix Axrnierc, Yenucorvr,
[lJornauAien ra lcnaxgieo ai,quinnocri a oceiri, peniriT, ropragravnifi
-
crcrer',1i, ane oco6nnao, e r\40ai.

W Retetl the text, using the questions of rask 4.

fi{lI'f Make up dialogues, usin g the guesfions of Task S.
,vo rEs

fF lfo Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

 ffimI Memorize the following information and be ready to write it down.
The existence of all languages on the territory of the British lsles and mainly the
existence of English is closely connected with the history of the country and namely with
:re history of conquests.
English is the descendant of all the invaders' languages, but is more Anglo-Saxon
::an anything else. And the differences in the British lsles inhabitants' languages and
:ulture, education, religion, legal systems and so on can be explained by various origins.

2
o
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It

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{--
 ENGTISH
I f!ilil Read and memorize the following words:
to distinguish [drs'tr0gwlJ] eigpisnrrn pa3fiHqarb, ornrqarb
old English (oE) crapoAaeHq - -
aHrniilcura ApeBHrh anrnuilcxnit
to cover ['k,rva] - oxonnrcBarv oxBarbtBarb-
-
Middle English (ME) - aHrnificsra cpeAHrh anrnuhcxvrh
cepeEHe
Modern English -
HoBoaHrnificsxa -
Hoesrft aurnnila<uh
addition [a'drlan] - -
nonoBHeHHF, EoAaBaHHe nononHeHile, npr6aeneure
to base on Ibers]- 6asyaarvc+ -
prefix ['pri:frks] -npeSixc npeQr,rxc - ocHoaurearu(cn)
suffix ['s,rirks] - cygixc -cyQQnxc
compounding -Ikam'paondrg] - cnoBocKna.qeHHF
to compound [kam'paond] - cnonyqarr coeAilHflTb - cfloBocnoxeHhe
influential [,rnflu'enJal] -
ennileoauil -
snusrenunurfi
eventually Ir'r,entJuali] - apeuri-peur -
prolonged Ipra'logd] - goerNil - B KoHqe
AfiilrenbHbtfi,
KoHl_loB
npoAonxrrenunuil
-
considerable Iken'srdarabal] -
3HaqHhil
varied ['r'earid] -
pisHorr,tanirHufi - sHa.{Llrenunsrri
pa3Hoo6paeHurfr
-
extension frks'tenJan] -
po3ruhpeHHn pacurpeHhe
upper classes I'.rp.l - Bepxr (npaannvi - xnacu) Bepxkt (npaenu{ae xnaccsr)
lower classes ['taoa] - HV3vi (xraxvi xnacr) -
to borrow ['borao] -3ano3LlrlyBarl - Hr3br (nrsuue xnaccur)
3ailMcrBoBarb
borrowing ['bora<-rrgJ - 3ano3hr{eHHfl- 3ailMcrBoBaHile
to derive [dr'rarr'] -noxoAr4rvl -
nporcxogr4rb
-
linguistic [lrg'gwrstrk] - sssrxoeori
- raoeHhtZ - HaKonHqeHHF
acquisitiveness Ia'kri'rzrtrvi:,s_ HaKonreHfie
opportunity [,opa'tju:nrti]- cnpHFrnhBa -o6craerHa 6naronpilerHoe
o6crosrenbcrBo
Renaissance lrt'nersans] enoxa BigpoaxeHHq. PeHecaHc onoxa BospoxgeHnn,
Peueccasc - -
steady ['stedi] nocrifixvtil
stream [stri:m] - norix - nocroRxr.runr
noroK
-
to flow into lflao] -
Bnr4Barhcb BflhBarbcn
-
to match Imretl] no3Hal{yBarh - o6osHa.{ars
-
experience Irk'sprarians] - onurr
Aoceig
to encounter Irn'kaonta] - - (panroao)
sycrpirrcn Bcrperurucn (eHesanrio)
And with the modern period-of linguistic acquisitiveness
- English has found opportunities
even farther afield. I ua cyL{acHoMy erani po:enrxy axrniilcbKa MoBa nonoeHrce ceiI
-
nercrqxri 3anac,3ano3rqyrcqil cnoBa s ixurfix MoB. [4 ua cospeMeHHoM grane
- 3anac,
pa3BkirHF aarnuitcxtlit fl3btK nonofiHqer ceoi nexcLl.{ecxhta 3ailMcrByfl cfloBa I43
Apyrrx q3btKoB.

fi{ Check yoursetf:

a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations.
Fill in the table.
 2.- 4.- tr
1 3.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.- 11 .- 12.- 13.-
14 - '15.- t6 - 17 .- lu.- 19.- 20.- 21.- 22.- 23.- 24.- 25- 26.-
1) to distinguish a)aigpisnnrr,r
2) Old English b) oxonnrcaaru
3) to cover c) 6aeyearracn
4) Middle English d)npeQixc
5) Modern English e) nonoaHenHn
6) addition f) Hoaoaxrnificsxa
7) to base on g)cepegHn aHrniftcuxa Z,
B) prefix h) crapogaeHq axrnificuxa o
9) suffix i) sanosnvyBaru tr
'10) compounding j) nrsr c
E
'11
)
influence k) poeurpeHHn
12) especially l) aepxN
o
IL
13) to compound m)pisnorvran irx u ri trl
14) considerable n) cnonyvarn cc
15) varied o) auavnril
3
t-
16) extension p) cnoaocxnaAeHHH *J
'17) upper classes q)cyQixc
3
(J
1B) lower classes r) ennra a
Z
19) to borrow s) oco6nNeo
<E
20) to derive t) noeHavysarr ]*.1
21) acquisitiveness u) anraarrcs (,
22) opportunity v) Perecaxc <r
23) Renaissance w)nocriiHrr,t norix 3
(,
24) steady stream x) cnprnrnrsa o6craerxa Z
<E
25) to flow into y) HaxonurvennR *l
26) to match z) noxogrrr
g
b) Write down the English equivalents: *,
(J
eigpieHnru, oxonnoBaril, nonoBHeHHn, 6asyaarucF, npeQixc, cySixc, cnoBocKnaAeHHF, Z,
oco6nilgo, cnonyqaril, 3Ha9Hilil, pisHorr,tanirnrr,t, poeulilpeHHF, Bepxx, H14314, ru
=:'rnhBaril, ru
: a no3hr{yBaTh, 3ano3u\leHH9
l-

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs:

to distinguish, to cover, addition, to base on, compounding, influential, especially,
:onsiderable, varied, extension, growing, to derive, linguistic, acquisitiveness, steady,
siream, to flow, to match, experience
D

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into ukrainian.
e) Write down the English equivatents for the foltowing tJkrainian word-combinations:
rpilronoBni nepiogr,1, Hoei 3HaL{eHHF, xafi6inuu BnnilBoBa, EpyropsAHe 3HaqeHHF,
crapoEaBHn aHrniicuxa, cepeAHfl anrnitZcuxa, HoBoaHrnir7cuxa, sHaqHhfi ra pisuoruauirnNrZ
BnnilB, Bepxh (npasnnli xnao.r), Hrsr (xurxvi rnacra), 3ano3rqyBart4 cnoBa, MoeHi
HarqxoAxeHHfl, CnprFrnrea o6craBilHa, enoxa BigpopxeHHq, nocrifiHrfi norix

$ffl Read and transtate the text.

THREE MAJOR PER'ODS IN THE EVOLUTION OF ENGLISH

we can distinguish three major periods in the evolution of
English.
The 1st. called Old Engtish (OE), covers the period from the
beginnings of the iar-giage to about 1100; the 2nd, Middle
English (ME), fro- 'tCC to 1500, and Modern English from
1500 to the preseri.
During the Old E:g sn period, most additions to the English
vocabulary were based on native English words. Old words were
given new meanings. ne,.v words were formed by the addition of prefixes or suffixes,
or by compounding. Of foreign languages the most
influential was Latin. The Scandinavians also influenced
the language of English during the Old English period. From
the 8th century, Scandinavians had raided and eventually
settled in England, especially in the north and the easi.
This prolonged if unfriendly contact had a considerable
anC varied influence on the English vocabulary. The
Niiddle English period was marked by a great extension
of foreign influence on English. The Norman Conquest in
1066 brought England under French rule. The English
language, though it did not die, was for a time of only
secondary importance. French became the language of
the upper classes in England. The variety of French they
Fourteenth-century English poet and
public servant Geoffrey Chaucer
spoke is now called Anglo-French. The lower classes
wrote verse well-known for its humor, continued to speak English but many English words were
understanding of human character, borrowed from French.
and innovations in poetic vocabulary
and meler. His masterpiece,
Modern English has been a period of even wider
The Canterbury Tales ( 1387-1400), borrowing. English still derives much of its learned
tells the tale of English people on a vocabulary from Latin and Greek. English has also
pilgrimage to Saint Thomas d
Becket's shrine at Canterbury
borrowed words from nearly all the languages of Europe.
And with the modern period of linguistic
acquisitiveness English has found opportunities even farther afield. From the
:eriod of the Renaissance voyages of discovery through the days when the sun never
set upon the British Empire and up to the present, a steady stream of new words has
flowed into the language to match the new objects and experiences which English
speakers have encountered all over the world.
l. Old English
The beginning of the language to about 1100.
Additions to the language were based on native English words.
Latin is the most influential of foreign languages.
Scandinavian influence on the English vocabulary. Z,
ll. Middle English o
11 00-1 500. F
<E
Great extension of foreign influence. 1066
- The Norman Conquest. English for a z
: me of only secondary importance. French borrowings. cc
lll.Modern English o
lr-
From 1500 to the present. tr,
A period of even wider borrowing. Borrowings from nearly all the languages of Europe. CC

t-
f* .W& Answer the questions. *l
3
1. How many periods in the evolution of English can we distinguish? tJ
2. What is the name of the 1st period? c
Z
3. What period of time does the 1st period cover? (c
4. What was the way of the language formation during the 1st period? UI
5. What is the name of the 2nd periodT (,
6. What period of time does the 2nd period cover? <c
3
7. What was the way of the language formation during the 2nd period? (J
8. What is the name of the 3rd period? z<f,
9. What period of time does the 3rd period cover? *J
10. What was the way of the language formation during the 3rd period?
a
fE Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions. J
u
2
Iil
lrl
l-

fFITmf Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. ln the evolution of English we can distinguish...
 2. The 1st period is called...

3. lt covers the period from to...

4. Most additions to the language were based on...

5. Latin was the most...

6. And the Scandinavian languages also influenced the English vocabulary during..

7. The 2nd period is called...

8. lt covers the period from to...

9. The 2nd period was marked by. .

10. The Norman Conquest in made English for a

time a language of...

11. Many English words were borrowed from...

12. The 3rd period is cailed...

13. lt covers the period from ... to

14. lt was a period of...

15. The 3rd period derives much of... from ... and...

16. During the 3rd period English has also borrowed words from...

fft{ Mafth the endings of fhe sentences. Fitt in the tabte.

1.- 2.- 3.-
Old words were given new
meanings, new words were formed
Scandinavians had raided and
eventually settled in England,
This prolonged if unfriendly
contact
The English language, though
4.- 5.-
a) was for a time of only secondary
importance.
b) especially in the north and the east.
c) by the addition of prefixes or suffixes,
or by compounding.
d) had a considerable and varied
 it did not die, influence on the English vocabulary.
5. And with the modern period of e)English has found opportunities even
linguistic acquisitiveness farther afield.

FF.ff
TVOIES
Make up diatogues, usin g the guesfions
ones.
of rask 4 and your own
ffi
ffiffiffi
ffiffi
ww &ww*l
W2
M@

U
p
*

IffHW:X Retutt the text. l&"

rrJ
W.KWSI &
Sum up the main information from the text in writing.
t*
J
U
a
?
c
I&J
t)
<r
3
u
aD
st
*I
r,
J
u
Z
lr.l
tLl
EBn
We can
Memorize the fotlowing information and be ready to write it down.
t-
distinguish three major periods in the evolution of English:
The first, called Old English (OE), covers the period from the beginning of the
anguage to about 1100.
During the Old English period, most additions to the English vocabulary were based
:n native English words. Latin was the most influential of foreign languages. The Scandina-
;ian languages also influenced the English vocabulary.
The second, called Middle English (ME), covers the period from 1100 to 1500.
This period was marked by a great extension of foreign influence on English. The
Norman Conquest in 1066 made English for a time a language of only secondary
mportance. Many English words were borrowed from French.
The third, called Modern English, covers the period from 1500 to the present.
It derives much of its learned vocabulary from Latin and Greek. English has also
sorrowed words from nearly all the languages of Europe.
 SIO. THE INFLUENCE OF THE INUASION BY THE GERMENIC
TRIBES ON THE ENGTISH IaNGUAGE
Read and memorize the following words:
tongue [t,rg]
- MoBa - ff3btK
homeland l'haomiand] 6arurieqraHa poArHa
to develop [dr velapJ - po3BfiBarncfl - pa3BilBarbcn
to derive ldr'rarr'] -noxoAt4rn npoilcxopt4rb -
record ['rekc:c]] - -
- sanfic
incom pre h e ns i ble - 3anilcb
peace [pi;s] r"4up
I rn,komprr'hensrb al ]
Mr4p
- xes6arH eswh - Henocr wxnwtri,t
-
searover l'si:,:;.raJ - rrropcuxurZ nipar MopcKoil nrpar
to sail [se;i. '::2.; -
nraBarr nnaBarb -
to be busy - -
horde l:r:;' - 6ytw
opAa
safiHsrilN4
opAa
- 6urrs 3aHflTbtM
the North Sea - -:r:Ol - l-lieHiqHe Mope Cesepnoe Mope
to drive = to drive off - = to drive away -
'.::s'
to force ':. 3r/yrlyBarh 3acraBnqrb
- nporaHgTu - nporoHnTb
to retreat ' :::::- -
aigcrynarr,t
to venture': '. .::-? - p,t3HKyB art - orcrynarb
pr4cKoBarb
to adopt tl:: -repe,il,taril -nepeHr4Marb
pagan Ipe,g;:, -ns,r,iiilK -
F3brqHr4K
-
prosperity ir::.:.:.: -
npoLlBiraHHq, go6po6yr
to divide (up) ;:'.:,:. - ).ir:t4rv Aenilrb - npoqBeraHile
to guess Igesl sAora:yBar,/cF - - AoraAbtBarbc*
ancient ['einJant] - crapoJaariir -
Saturn ['satan] - Carypl - ApeaHrI
Caryc,.r
- -
-ffi Check yoursetf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalenls il i? :ie Engtish vtrords and word-combinations.
Fill in the table:
1 2.- 3.- A E.
7.- 8.-
9.- 10.- 11 - 12.- 4- 15.- 6- 17 .-
1) ancient a) eaxrqarr
2) to derive b) crapogaaHira
3) to defend c) noxo4rrr
4) to change gradually change d) posaraarucn
5) to sail e) 6or
6) invaders f) npilMyruyBarr
7) to develop g) serval
B) customs h) pinrrra
e) to divide i) noxnoHnrrcn
10) to worship j) n pora Herr/
11) paga n k) opga
12) to force l) neperan,tarra
13) horde m) nnaaarr
 14) to drive away n) nocrynoeo sN4iHtoa arvcfl
15) to adopt o) sarap6nrxr
16) god p) nsrvurxr
17) to believe q)aiprrr
b) Write down the English equivalents:
0pAa, e3vqHt4KtA, ocenFTilCF, nOXOA!4T14, aTf nA, caKcil, toril, nflaBarr, 3axilqarfi,
,arap6auxn, nporaHert4, cyqacHrtri, npNrr,ryLu yBarv, nepeiluarr, sshqal
W
a
*
t*
c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs;
to force, to sail, to adopt, pagan, horde, to defend, god, invaders, to drive away, to
settle, to derive, the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes, modern, to develop
r&r

F*
*l
L'
d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into tJkrainian.

e) Write down the English equivalents for the foltowing tJkrainian word-combinations
znd memorize them:
noxoAt4rl4 eig uasar, HafpaHiLUi nrcsnaoai 3anttcvt,6yru saaxgn sailaaruH,1, aiprrn a
5araruox 6orie, noginnrr qac Ha rrxsi ra gni, HeBaxKo 3poragar[cs, po3MoBflnrr pisnrur (;3
: ian exra n,t u ?
€
*-I

(CI
*J
ry
tCU
l&.t

ft Read and translate the text.

xa
&*
THE INFLUENCE OF THE INVASION BY THE GERMANIC TR/BES
ON THE ENGI'SH LANGUAGE
The Germanic tribes who settled in Britain in the fifth century spoke the very closely
'elated Germanic tongues of their contrnental homelands. From these developed the
English language. ln fact, the words English and Engtand are derived from the name of
cne of these early Germanic peoples, the Angles. English has been spoken in England,
:hanging gradually as languages must. The earliest written records of the English language
are*all but incomprehensible to the speaker of Modern English without special training.

As soon as the Britons were left to themselves, they had very little peace for many
years. Searovers came sailing in ships from other countries, and the Britons were always
ousy trying to defend themselves. Among these invaders were some Germanic tribes
called Angles, Saxons and Jutes (who lived in the northern and central parts of Europe).
 They spoke different dialects of the West Germanic
language from which modern English developed. A wild and
fearless race, they came in hordes from over the North Sea
and, try as they might, the Britons could never drive them
away. And many a battle was fought by the Britons until at
last they were forced to retreat to the west of Britain: to
Wales, Cornwall and Strathclyde. Those who ventured to
stay became the slaves of the invaders and were forced to
adopt many of their customs and learn to speak their
languages.

The Angles, Saxons and

Jutes were pagans, that is to
say, they believed in many
gods. The gods of the Anglo-
Saxons were: Tu or Tuesco
god of Darkness, Woden -
god of War, Thor The-
Thunderer, and Freia -
goddess of Prosperity. When
people learned to civide up time into weeks and the week
into seven days. they gave the days the names of their gods.
It is not hard to guess inat Sunday is the day of the Sun,
of the god Tuesco, Wednesday
Monday
- the day of the luloon.
Woden's day, Thursday
Tuesday
- the day
Tnor's Cay. Friday Freia's day, and Saturday
-
Saturn's
- -
(Saturn was the god of Time i';orshiped by ancient Romans). -

@!
1.
Answer the quesfions.
What are the words EnglanC a"d English derived from?
2. When did the Angles settle tn B,'!a,n?
3. Why did the Britons have very ltttte ceace far many years?
4. What other Germanic tribes came tc ;t,'aCe Britain after the Angles?
5. Did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes speak i,te sa,ry?e or different dialects of the
West Germanic language?
6. Where did this wild and fearless race carne from?
7. What did the invaders force natives to adopt?
8. What did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes beiieve in?
9. Why did the Angles, Saxons and Jutes believe in many gods?
10. When did people begin to name the days?

WPutquestionsonthetext,lJsedifferenttypesofquestions,
EE Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.
1. ln fact, the words England and English are derived from the name of...

2. The early Germanic peoples, the Angles, settled in

3. Searovers came sailing in ships from..

4. The other Germanic tribes which came to invade Britain were the Saxons and
Jutes who lived... r*J
a--
(t
5. They spoke different dialects of from which developed. €

6. A wild and fearless race, they came in from over and tr*
the Britons could never...
3
7. The invaders forced natives to adopt and learn...
*
8. The Angles and the Jutes were.

9. They believed in... lr.,

q;3
€
10. When people learned to divide up time into and
3
they gave the days... Z,
<c
*l
11. lt is not hard to guess that Sunday is Monday is tty
and Saturday is etc. -J
(3
?
Ll.J

Effiffi Mabh the endings of the senfences. Fitt in the table. U

1.- 2.- t-
1. From these developed a ) tne
Engilsh language.
2. As soon as the Britons were left to brtney nao very little peace for many years.
themselves,
3. A wild and fearless race, they came cl tne Briions could never drive them
in hordes from over the North Sea and. a\iay.
try as they might,
4. Those who ventured to stay became the d)to adopt many of their customs
slaves of the invaders and were forced and learn to speak their languages.
5. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes were pagans, e)that is to say, they believed in
many gods.

Eff WW Make up diatogues, using the guestions of Task 5.

 NOTES

"re Refttl the text, using the questions of Task 4.

rc Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

'*,T{nm Memorize the fotlowing information and be ready to write it

down.
ln fact, the words Engl sh and England are derived from the name of one of the early
Germanic peoples. the Angles. who settled in Britain in the fifth century. The Britons had
very little peace for many years. The other Germanic tribes called the Saxons and
Jutes came from the continent after the Angles. These Germanic tribes all spoke different
dialects of the West Germanic language from which modern English developed. A wild
and fearless race, they came rn hordes from over the North Sea and the Britons could
never drive them away. The invaders forced natives to adopt many of their customs and
learn to speak their languages

The Angles, Saxons and Jutes were pagans. They believed in many gods. When people
learned to divide up time into weeks and the week into seven days, they gave the days
the names of their gods. lt is not hard to guess that Sunday is the day of the Sun,
Monday is the day of the Moon. and Saturday is Saturn,s day etc.
u*Eww R ea d,: ]';"?i,3 [! i3;i3]? ]jiSlEcrs
Kingdom l'krgdam] roponiscrBo
Kent [kent] Kenr- KeHr
- KoponeBcrBo
-
Sussex ['s,tsrks] -
Cyccexc Cyccerc
Essex ['esrks] -Eccerc -Sccexc
-
Wessex ['u'esrks] -
Yeccexc
- Yeccexc 6yrvt y craHi nocriiluoT aitaHr
to be constantly -at war l'konstanii] 6urru e
cocTofi Ht414 nocToFHHOIA SOHt-{Ut
- - L'
Northumbrian Inc:'onmbrran] Hopryr',r6epnexAcu xvth Hopryrra6epneAcxufi &*
minor ['marna] - eropocreneruurri -
- ApyropnAauit
supremacy [sa'premasi] -
naxyeaHHF rocnoAcrBo, BnaAbtqecrBo
to extend Irk'stend] -
po3uJt4poBaril - pacuHpFrb
domain lda'mern] -aonoginHfl BnaAeHre - Lr*

-
stronghold ['stroghaold] - Kpenocrb
rll
QopreLtF
convert (to) [ken'vs:t] -HaBepHeHHfr-(Ro eipr,l) -)
Christianity [,krrsti'anrti] - xprcrr4eHcrBo - o6paulerrurn (s aepy)
xpr4crraHcrBo
u*
*-,,
to create Ikri'ert] -
crBoptoBarfi -
co3AaBarb u
-
supreme power [su:'pn:m] -
Bilu.la Bnaga Bflacrb
nevertheless [,nevada'les] - BCe-TaKil, npore - BepxoBHaF
Boe-raKh, TeM He MeHee {-
to rule over all [ru:l] -
npaBrril eciN,ta
-
ynpaBnfirb BceMrl
existence [rg'zrstans] - icnyaaxHs -
cyqecrBoBaHhe
runes [ru:nz] pyHr4- pyHbt
-
to carve Iko:v] - -
aupisysarr Bbtpe3arb
to make -
up [merk] - ant

- cKflaAaril
inscription Irn'skrr pJan] Hanilc
- cocraBnnrb
to complete Ikam'pli:t] - 3aBepuyBarv - HaAnilcb3aKaH\.{ilBarb, 3aBepruarb *l

nobles ['naobalz] -
3Harb, ABopFHcrBo - 3Harb, ABopflHcrBo
church ItJs:t1] -
qepKBa qepKoBb - J
law [lc:] -
3aKoH 3aKoH
-
-
masses [mresrz] - Mach, npocrrr,t fioA
L"

peasant ['pezantl- cenFHhH KpecrbnHrH

- Maccbr, npocrora HapoA
use [.iu:s] -
BxilBaHHF
-
ynorpe6neHre
g
- - t"-

W check yoursetf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English vrords. Fill in the table:
2.- 4.- A
1.- J.- 5.- 7.- B- 9.-
10 - 11 - 12- 13 - 14.- 1tr I I .- 18 -
1) supremacy a) pyrr
2) to extend b) arpisyearr
3) existence c) neperivarh, sano3rqyBaril
4) domain d) axnsauun
5) stronghold e) uaaepHeHNra (go sipr)
6) to complete f) Bce-raKr, npore
7) runes g) aonogiHHn
B

B) to carve h) Qoprerln
9) to adopt i) posLuraprcBaril
10) convert (to) j) naHyBaHHF
'11) nevertheless
k) icHyaaHHn
12) nobles l) cennnnH
13) use m)cxnagarr
14) peasant n) sxars
15) masses o) qepxaa
16) church p) saron
17) to make up q) saaepLuyaarx
18) law r) r,aacn, npocrril nrcp

b) Write down the English equivalents:

pyHh, arpisyaarr, Qoprerln, po3uJ14prcBarr, naHyBaHHn, iCnyeaHHF,
CenFHilH,
cKnaAarh, 3Harb, LlepKBa, 3aKOH, 3aBepuyBarv, Macvlnpocrwil nrcA, nepe
ilr,tiaru,
Bxr4BaHHR, HaBeprarH (go aiph), ece-rarN/npore, Bonoginnn, crBoprcBaril.

c) Write down the tJkrainian equivalenfs;

supremacy, to extend, existence, domain, stronghold, inscription, runes,
to carve, to
adopt, to convert (into), nevertheless, peasant, to use, masses, church,
to make up, law,
to create

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into rJkrainian.

e) Write down the English equivalents for the following lJkrainian word-combinations:
ginmttca sa civ xoponiscre, cronirrs Hopryrvr6epner"J*oro
naHyBaHHe, po3ru14p;gBarh
eonogixun, oygysarr sopreqrc, crBopr4rl4 peniriosHy noeMy, BorcBar[
3a BnaAy, npaBh.,l
ecir,aa, erpisyaarlr Ha xan,leni ra gepeei,
Aoci icHfrorb, BonBarL4 nport,.,3aBepuyBarLl
3aBorcBaHHs, MoBa [.lepKBt4 ra xoponis, eonogirr 3eMne]o, MoBa
3araflbHoro Bxt4TKy,
rpaMarfiKa xe sI/ixHnacu

KSH S Read and transtate the text.

 THE ANGLO.SAXON DIALECTS
Britain became divided into seven kingdoms: Kent, Sussex, Essex, Wessex, Mercia,
East Anglia, Northumbria which were constantly at war with one another. Four dialects
,vere spoken in these seven kingdoms:
1)the Northumbrian dialect was spoken by the Angles who lived to the north of the
'iver Humber, in the north-east of England;
2) the Mercian dialect was spoken by the Angles who lived between the river Humber ffiffi
and the Thames;
3) the West-Saxon dialect, or Wessex, was spoken by the Saxons who lived to the Pffi
re,
south of the Thames;
4) and the fourth, a minor dialect, Kentish. was the language of the Jutes.
z.
ol I

EI
The language of Scotland, lreland and Wales remained Celtic.
The 7th century was the century of Northumbrian supremacy. The king of Northumbria
bI
EI I
Edwin extended his domain to the river Forth and built his stronghold there which he LI.
oalled Edinburgh. He was an early convert to Christianity and very soon Northumbria
cecame a cultural centre. lt was here that Ceadmon, the firstAnglo-Saxon poet, created i&l
ris religious poem in Anglo-Saxon. g,
The Angles, Saxons and Jutes fought with one another for supreme power; they t*
nevertheless became one nation in the course of a few centuries. The first king to *I
rule over all of them was Egbert, king of Wessex. He was made king at the beginning
;) !
cf the 9th century. Most of the works and documents in Old English that are in existence U
today were rewritten in the Wessex dialect of Anglo-Saxon. Z,
(c
L&J
(.}
c
I
By the time the Angles and Saxons conquered Britain, they
3
(,
? had already had letters of their own called "runes" which
they carved on stone and wood, but they had no written z
nt
F
<E
literature yet, and the stories and poems they made up had
-I
to be memorized. Those were brought to Britain, and runic
M N
inscriptions made in Britain are still in existence. V)

fn
T U
The conquest of England by the Normans began in 1066
with the battle at Hastings, where the English fought against
the Normans. The conquest was completed in 1071.
J
(,
z
u.J
l{J
Who were those Normans who conquered England? They
were Vikings or "Northmen". men from the North. Some 150 F.
years before the conquesi oi England they came to a part
of France, opposite Errgland the
T >XAYX part which we nov/ cali Normandy.
There they adopted the French
language of their new home in
France. They became French.
What did the Norman Conquest do to England? lt gave Engtand
French kings and nobles. The Normans also brought with them
the French language. After the Norman Conquest there were three
languages in England. There was Latin, the language of Church
and the language in which all learned men wrote and spoke, the
kings wrote their laws in Latin for some time after the Conquest.
Then there was French, the language which the kings and nobles
spoke and which many people wrote. Finally, there was the English language which remained
the language of the masses. Son're men knew all these languages, many knew two, but most
of the people knew only one. There were some people who understood the French language
though they could not speak it. Rich people who owned land the landowners, often knew
French and Latin. But poor people, the peasants, did not -understand French and Latin.
They understood only English.
ln time, however, came the general use of the English language. About
1350 English became the language of law.
But the English language when it came into general use was not quite
the same as it used to be before the conquest. The grammar remained,
but many words came into English from the French language.

W-ffiT n Answer the gues tions.

1. How many kingdoms did Britain become divided into?
2. How many dialects were spoken in England,s seyen kingdoms?
3. What ttere these dialects?
4. When i'.,as lhe century of Northumbrian supremacy?
5. What stronghold v,ras built by king Edwin?
6. What religion v/as king Edwin an early convert to?
7. Who was the f irst king to rule over the Angles, Saxons, Jutes?
8. What are 'runes"?
9. Why did all pcems ha'te to be memorized by the time of the conquest of Britain
by the Angles and Saxons?
10. Who were the Ncrmans who conquered Engtand?
11. What did the Norman Conquest do to England?
12. How many languages t,ere in Engtand after the Norman conquest? who spoke
fhese languages?
13. When did English become the tanguage of taw?

{W,3 Put questions on the text. Use different types of questions. Fitt
in the table.

#Stl I complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

Britain became divided into seven kingdoms...
 2. And dialects were spoken in these..

3. The 7th century was...

4. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes fought with for

5. Most of the works and documents in Old English were rewritten in...
z.
6. By the time the Angles and Saxons conquered Britain, ...
o
F
6
P
7. They were Vikings or "Northmen u-
tr*
8. The Normans also brought... t&l

xt.-
L But poor people, the peasants... *-J
t1

10. But the English language when it came... t-

L!"1

ffi-{ Match the endings of the sentences. Fill in the tabte. .r

J
(J
I 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- q,
L
<c
1. The West-Saxon dialect, or Wessex, a) and which many people wrote. J
was spoken by
2. lt was here that Ceadmon, the first b) the Saxons who lived to the south of
a
J
Anglo-Saxon poet, the Thames. t,
3. Egbert was made king c) at the beginning of the 9th century. a.
lr,
4. Those were brought to Britain. d) created his religious poem in Anglo
L*
Saxon, fi
t-
5. Then there was French, the language e ) and runic inscriptions made in Britain
which the kings and nobles spoke are still in existence,
6. The Northumbrian dialect was ft the Angies rvho lived to the North of
spoken by the river Humber. in the northeast of
Eng la nd.

ITWS Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1. What king built the stronghold called Edinburgh? a) Egbert
2. Who was the first Anglo-Saxon poet? b) Ceadmon
3. Who was the first king to rule all England? c) Edwin

ffrH Make up diatogues, using the guesfions below and your own
ones.
 NOTES

1. Who were the Normans who conquered England? What did they do to England?
2. How many languages were in England after the Norman Conquest and who used
these languages?

rcg Reteu the text.

XrFfrtr sum up the main information from the text in writing.

 KINGDOM
st2. THE GRE6T CHARTER il2t5J
6ND PARLIAMENT
TIWW Read and memorise the fottowing words:
the Great Charter ['tjo:ta] Benrxa Xaprin
parliament ['po:lamantl -napnaMeHr - Xaprrn
napnaMeHr
power ['paoaj BraAa;- cllna - crra
Blracrb:
church Itjs:t5] - qepKBa -
qepKoBb
-
to refuse Irr'fju:z] -
sigr,,toenAr,zcl orKasbtBarbcff
to revolt Irr'veolt] - noBCTaBarfi - BoccraBarb
a;

to sign Isarn] -
nignrcyaarr -
noAnhcbtBarb qJ
right [rart] -
npaBo npaBo
- a.
serf [ss:i] - xpinax - rpenocruofi g
oppression - [a'prelan]-
to Iimit l'Lmrt] - nprarHo6nenns
o6uexrrv -
orpaHrqt,trb
yrHereHre
l:,1

council l'kaonsal]- paga -coBer

{."
q
-
to control [kan'traol] -
KepyBaril; KoHTponpBaril pyKoBoAr4Tb; KoHTponhpoBarb
to dominate ['domrnert] - gorr,tiHyBaril, nepeBaxaril - AoM14Ht4poBarb, npeo6nagaru t" i

to divide (into) [dr'vard]- ginnna(cn) r.ra pa3gennrs(cn) - xa

- - &-
fRT Check yoursetf: \J
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words. Fitl in the table:
d
(3
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.-
9.- 10 - 11 - 12.- 13.- 14- 15.-
F
a
1) parliament a) eign,toen Arvice
2) power b) xpinar tr.I
3) to control c) noscraaarr F
4) oppression d) pasa
E
5) the Great Charter e) Benrxa Xaprin o
6) church f) ni4nrcysarr G
tr-
7) to divide (into) g) crna: BnaAa
B) to dominate h) npaso
9) to refuse i) gor,ririysarH. nepeB ax<arv1
10) right j) qepxea
11) to revolt k) xoxrpontoBarh. KepyBar[
12) to limit l) o6r.aexyearu
13) to sign m)ginrrr(cn) Ha
14) serf n) npr,trno6neHHfl
15) council o) napnanexr

b) Write down the English equivalents:

goruiHyaarr/nepeaaxaru, pa1a, napnaMeHT, anap,al cuna, Benrxa Xaprin, noBcraBaril,
LlepKBa, npaBo, KpinaK, niAnIcyBaril, KoHTponrcBaril/KepyBarh, BiAMoBflflrvic[
npilrHo6neHHs, Ainrrr(cn) na,. o6uexyaarr

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs;

power, right, council, serf, parliament, the Great Charter, church, oppression, to
dominate, to refuse, to revolt, to divide (into), to limit, to control, to sign

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into Ukrainian.

@ Read and translate the text.

THE GREAT CHARTER (1215) AND PARLTAMENT

The Middle Ages in England was a period of feudal wars, a
period of struggle for power between the kings and the Ghurch,
betrveen the kings and powerful barons. The kings took large
sums of money from the barons for the wars in Europe. Those
yrho refused to give money were arrested.
ln ''215 the barons revolted and soon had a large army
against tne king King John stood alone. He had to sign the
great Charter (Magna Carta), a document where the rights
of the Englishmen were written down. Of course, the Great
Charter did nc: mean freedom for the masses of the people who
at that time were serfs. But later on, in
the 1 7th and 9ttr
'1
centu ries when the
a ; il-.Y-.H:i"u
English people revolted against oppression. rhey took the Great \'
t* . r.tf
'V
Charter as the banner of the revolution. *
ft
The Great Charter limited the power of tne <rng A council of vv
=s

twenty-five barons was organized to control the king That was the sv
beginning of the English Parliament. At first it was dominated by t .,'il'., . f' 9
v?
the great barons, but at the end of the 13th century the English t.!.1,1.1.3'!.3.'
Parliament was divided into the House of Lords and the House of
Commons.

&reWhat kind
1.
Answer the questions.
of period was the Middle Ages in England?
2. What did the kings take from the barons?
3. What did the barons do in 1215?
4. What had king John to sign?
5. What did the Great Charter mean?
6. What happened at the end of the 13th century?
rePutquestionsonthetext,lJsedifferenttypesofquestions.

gffif Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. The Middle Ages in England was a period of...

2. The Kings took large sums of money from the barons for...
*r

3. ln the barons revolted against...

\-t
4. King John had to sign...
r. t
5. The Great Charter was a document where &*
*
6. The Great Charter did not mean...
ts
7. The Great Charter limited...
\.,

8. A council of twenty-five barons was organized...

c3
t*
|ft
9. That council was the beginning of.
l,rl
10. At the end of the '13th century the English Parliament was divided into...

tJ.
E Fitt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box: k-

to be, to take, to revolt, to stand, to have, to mean,

to limit, to organise, to divide
1. The Middle Ages in England a perrod of feudal wars.
2. The kings large sums of money from the barons for wars
in Europe.
3. ln 1215 the barons
4. King John alone.
5. He to sign the Great Charter (Magna Carta).
6. The Great Charter was a document which not
freedom for the masses of the people.
 7. But the Great Charter the power of the king.
8. A council of 25 barons to control the king.
9. That council the beginning of the English Parliament.
10. And at the end of the 13th century the English Parliament
into the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

ffiMabhtheendingsofthesentences.Fittinthetabte,
4.- E 6.-
1.- z.- 7.-

1. The Middle Ages in England rvas
2. ln 1215 the barons re"'cltei and
soon
3. King John stood a :^3 a-c
4. The Great Charter \t'as
5. The Great Charter c 3 ^c: i-:ean
6. The Great Charter lin',:eC
7. The council of 25 barons \','as
a) a document where the rights of the
Englishmen were written down.
b) organized to control the king.
c) the power of the king.
d) had a large army against the king.
e) a period of feudal wars.
f) had to sign the Great Charter (Magna
Carta).
g) freedom for the masses of the people
who at that time were serfs.

WSII X Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1. Who took large sums of rncley for the wars in Europe? a) king John
2. Who revolted in 1215? b) the Church
3. Who s/ood alone and had lo sign the Great Charter? c) the barons
4. Who got freedom? d) serfs
5. Who did not get freedom?
6. Who dominated in the English Parliament at first?

WffiWfX Make up diatogues, usin g the guesfions below and your own
ones.
1. Why did barons revolt against the king?
2. Did the Great Charter bring freedom to the masses of the English people?
3. How did the Great Charter limit the power of the king?
4. When was the English Parliament dlvided into the House of Lords and the House
of Commons?
NOTES

#'ffilSIX Retett the text.

\J
u
a
:c
o
lr.I
H
Z
3
u.r

i*
fr"
o
0(
o
F.
g
ln.t

t*
x
o
c
tr-
dsf:**ffi.*{**d.ee*sl3. THE PEASANTS', REUOTT OF lSgl
ffi.effiffi_W Read and memorize the following words.
tax ltreks] no,qaroK
one shilling - Hanor no r-uianirry 3 noAilHr4 no ruilnflilHry c qenoBeKa
- a head ['lrlrg]
collector It<a'lekta] - c6opqrr
s6rpav -
supporter Isa'pc:ta] - -
to surround [sa'raondJ - npfixhrbHhK
orolyBarv - nprBepxeHeLl

the Tower of London I-taera] Tayep

- oKpyxarb
Tayep
Watt Tyler ['rvot 'tarla] yor -Tar.rnep - Yor Taranep
soldier ['sa<;ld5a] -
corrAar conrar-
- -
thus [d,ts] raKt,tM 11hHor,4 raK!4r,,! o6pasol,r
to put an -end noKrlacrr,r- xpaia. nphnilHHrrl npeKparrrb
- -

a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations.
Fill in the table:
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.-
1) thus a) no urninry s nr.AVHtA
2) to surround b) nogarox
3) supporter c) s6rapav
4) tax d) raxru qilHoM
5) collector e) noxnacrvt xpail, npvinvHvrvt
6) one shilling a head f) nphxilnbHilK
7) to put an end (to) g) orovyaarra
B) soldier h) conpar

b) Write down the English equivalents:

conAar, nprxilnbHHK, no.qaroK, TaKilM qilHoM, noKracril xpaillnpunrtHLlT14, orortyBarfi,
no LurniHry 3 arc.qfiHr,1

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:

tax, to put an end (to), collector, soldier. one shilling a head, to surround, supporter, thus

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into tJkrainian.

ffi Read and transtate the text.

THE PEASAA/rS' REVOLT OF 1381

The war with France lasted for more than a hundred years (1337-1453). The people
of England had to pay for the war. ln 1381 a tax of one shilling a head was taken by
the government from every man or woman above fifteen years of age. The peasants did
not want to pay the tax. ln some villages they attacked and killed tax collectors. Then
they gathered in two large armies and went to London, the city which after the Norman
 Conquest became the capital of England.
ln London the peasants had many supporters. They
helped the peasants to enter the city. The peasants
surrounded the Tower of London where the king lived
at that time. Watt Tyler, one of the leaders of the revolt,
was sent to speak to the king, but the king's soldiers killed
him.
The peasants then left London, but on the way home
they were attacked by the king's soldiers. Hundreds of
peasants were killed. Thus the king put an end to the
revolt. But the peasants'revolt of 1381 was an important event in the history of England.
It showed that a serf wanted to be a free peasant farmer.

ffi'1. How many

Answer the questions.
years did the war w
vrith France last?
2. Who had to pay for the war?
3. What tax was taken by the government from every man or woman above fifteen w
years of age? &
4. The peasants didn't want to pay the tax, did they? (J
5. Did the peasanfs attack and kiil tax collectors in some viltages? L*
6. Did the peasanfs gather in two large armies or three small to go to London? &--

7. what city became the capitat of England after the Norman coiquest?
8. ln London the peasants had many supporters, hadn,t they?
9. What did supporters do for the peasants? l"&.,

10. Who lived in the Tower of London at that time?

11. The peasanfs surrounded the Tower of London, didn,t they?
12. Who was one of the leaders of the revolt?
13. Was Watt Tyler senf fo speak to the king? ry
14. Who killed Watt Tyler?
'15. The peasanfs then left London, didn't they? t*
an
16. Who was attacked by the king's so/diers on the way home?
17. ln what way did the king put an end to the revolt? LIJ
18. What did the peasanfs' revolt of 1381 show?
F.
W Put the following sentences in chronological order. g
1. The peasants surrounded the Tower of London where"the r<ing ii""o.D
t a
2. watt ryler was sent to the king,At was killed by the king's soldiers.l-l tr-
3. The peasants then left London.l I
4. The peasants didn't want to pay th6tax, so they gathered i!--!ryo large armie..E
5. ln London their supporters heiped thenn_Lo entei the city.
6. The peasants' armies went to London |-l I
7. Hundreds of peasants were xlrfeO oi int*ry none.l_l
-

IEK W complete the sentences, using the text, transtate them.

1. The war with France lasted
2. The people of England had to
3. The peasants did not want
4. So they gathered
 5. They went to London, the city which was
6. ln London the peasants"
7. The supporters helped the peasants
8. The peasants surrounded
9. At that time the king lived
10. Watt Tyler was one of
11. Watt Tyler was sent
12. But he was killed by
13. The peasants then left
14. But on the way home hundreds of peasants were killed by
15. Thus the king put an end to the revolt but it was
16. The revolt showed that a serf r^ranted

ffi fT e Fitl in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:
to have to. to want. to become, to send, to gather, to help, to live, to last,
to go, to be. to kill, to have, to surround, to leave, to put, to show, to want

1. The war with France for more than a hundred years.

2. The people of England pay for the war.
3. The peasants not to pay the tax.
4. So they in two large armies.
5. They to London.
6. London the capital of England after the Norman Conquest.
7. ln London the peasants many supporters.
8. The supporters the peasants to enter the city.
9. The peasants the Tower of London.
10. At that time the king in the Tower of London.
11. Watt Tyler one of the leaders of the revolt.
12. Watt Tyler to speak to the king
13. But he was by the king's soldiers.
14. The peasants then London.
15. But on the way home hundreds of peasants' by the king's
soldiers.
16. Thus the king an end to the revolt of 1381.
17. The revolt that a serf to be a free
peasant farmer.

ffiry Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1. Who had to pay for the war? a) the peasants
2. Who didn't want to pay the tax? b) tax collectors
3. Who was attacked and killed in some villages? c) the supporters
4. Who gathered in two large armies? d) the king
5. Who had many supporters in London? e) the king's soldiers
6. Who helped the peasants to enter London? f) Watt Tyler
7. Who surrounded the Tower of London?
8. Who lived in the Tower of London at that time?
9. Who was one of the leaders of the peasanfs' revolt of 1381?
 '10. Who uzas senf to speak to the king?
11. Who killed Watt Tyter?
12. Who left London?
13. who was attacked and kiiled by the king's so/diers on the way home?
14. Who put an end to the revott?

r .ffi Make up diatogues, usin g the guesfions berow and your own
ones.
1. Why did the peasants revott?
2. Who was sent to speak to the king?
3. ln what way did the king put an end to the revolt?
NOTES

q
k
("-,

ry
L

{J

gX Sum up the main information from the text in writing. {*

a
UJ

t-"
TL
(3

F-
a)

trJ
t-
\J
w

st4. THE RISE 0F ENGTAND lN THE

I Sth CENTURY
ffi Read and memorize the fotlowing words:
rise [rarz]
- niAiov
rural ['ruaral] - no,qbeMcenscrrfi
cinucsxrn
-
trade Itrerd] - roprienF - roproBnF
-
decline Idr'klarn] -- 3aHena.l - ynaAoK
feudalism ['iju:c]:::. $eopanisH,t
wool [wol] BoBHa
- uepcrb - Qeoganr,tsn,t
- :: : - 3(cnopryBarh eKcnoprt4poBarb
to export Ieks -
discovery ld:s "; . : - eiqxprrrn - orKpbtrhe
wealth Iu'eiO- -
;:6ccCyr - 6narococroRxre
-
Wffirl Check yourself:
a) Match the lJkra'ni3n sqLtiyalents with the English words and word-combinations.
Fill in the tabie:
1 2.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.-
1) lvorld trace a) sanenag SeoganisHrty
L) Ytv\t b) go6po6yr
3) decline cf 'e;:a s- c) spicr raniranisruy
4) woolen clc:: d) icnancurrfi Snor
5) the Spanis':,ee: e) eoenRna rKaHilHa
6) wealth f) ceiroaa roprienn
7) rise of caprta; s- g) arpoqyaarr
B) rural h) aigrpurrn
9) discovery i) cinscuxril
b) Write down the Eng' sr equivalents:
npornroM cepegnix B i B. -eHrpl.r csiroaoi roprieni, o.qrH 3 Hafi6inuLu BaxflmBfix
Saxropie, xan:ra,- 3','/ 3aHenaA Seoganiauy, BoBHFHa rKaHilHa, orpilMaril
p03B14ToK
BenhKy nepeMory, po3Br4ro( 'ieicrr4nbHoi' npourcnoaocri, npilHecru go6po6yr

Read and translate the text.

THE RISE OF ENGLAND IN THE 16th CENTURY

During the Middle Ages England was more rural than,
for example. France, lts towns were smaller and far away
from the centres of the world trade. ln the 16th century
they began to grow and England became one of the most
powerful countries in the world.
 One of the most important factors was the early
decline of feudalism and the rise of capitalism. At
:^at time English farmers began to grow a lot of sheep
'3r wool. Those peasants who had to leave their
, llages found work in the growing textile industry in
:^e towns. The English woolen cloth was exported
:r many European countries.
To develop trade with other countries England built
s'iips. After the great geographical discoveries, big
-.irps were sent not only to Europe, but also to lndia
:rd America. The growing trade brought wealth to
.^e new capitalists in England.
England also built fast ships for the war with Spain, At that time Spain had the largest
:rd strongest fleet in the world. ln 15BB England won a great victory over the Spanish
'eet and became one of the greatest sea powers in the world.
W
ffi Answer the questions.
1. Was England powerful
the country during the Middle Ages?
2. Why did the towns begin to grow?
3. When did they begin to grow?
t-
4. What did England export to other countries? ry
5. How did England become one of the greatest sea powers in the world?
w
rcPutquestionsonthetext,IJsedifferenttypesofquestions. .t-
a*

rl
&--
{}

ff W Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them. r}'J

K
1. lts towns were smaller and.., t*
w
2. One of the most important factors rvas lr

3. Those peasants who had to...

4. After the great geographical discoveries.

5. ln 1588 England won a great victory...

tr
I

W Match the endings of the sentences. Fitt in the tabte.

I
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.-

1. ln the 16th century towns began to grow a) and England became one of the
most powerful countries in the world.
2. At that time English farmers began b) a lot of sheep for wool.
to grow
3. The English woolen cloth was exported c) to many European countries.
4. The growing trade brought wealth d) to the new capitalists in England.
5. At that time Spain had the largest e) and strongest fleet in the world.

E Relr,l the text.

'ffi{t il Sum up the main information from the text in writing.
 REUOLUTToN il640-t 560J
fSf,qKX Read and memorise the fottowing words:
bourgeois ['boa5wo:]
- 6ypxyasnilta
bourgeoisie [,boaSwoizi] 6ypxyasin
- 6ypxyasHuna
-
to dismiss [drs'mrs] po3nycKarv - 6ypxyasran
pacnycKarb
to oppose Ia'pai-,2] - craBaril nporr4,
- qvlllrvi onip craHoBr,lrbcq nporr4B,
-
oKa3brBaTb conpoTHBneHile -
to execute ['eksrkju:t] crpaqyBarrl Ka3Hrrb
protector [pra'tekta] -nporeKrop (rr.rryn
- Oniaepa Kporrasenn) nporeKrop (rrryn
-
Onraepa Kpon,taenn) -
to disappoint [,drsa'pcrnt] po3qapoByBarr pa3oL{apoBbtBaTb
- - E
o
(t
fffi{8E$ check yoursetf: (J
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words. Fill in the table: ?
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- 8.-
:c
9.- 10.- 11 12.- 13.- 14- 15.-
(3
lr,,
1) development a) aign,toan flrvcA 3
a,
2) bourgeoisie b) eopor 3
3) government c) posnycxaru lr,I
4) century d) uoHapxin t-
5) conflict e) aupiuyearu Ir-
6) to refuse f) napnaMeHr o
7) to dismiss g) congarr
B) to oppose h) roHQnixr ac
9) soldiers i) crpavyearr o
F
10) parliament j) vr,ruurr onip I
11 ) enemy k) eiguosnloBarH
12) monarchy l) posarrox \I
13) to restore m) 6ypxyasin t-
14) to decide n) YPsa
15) to execute o) cronirrn E
()
0c
l&
b) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations:
1 ) to have a say a,1 SaXrXvya aTVcA xorr/1nporr/Iicon/l
2) in the 17th century b) rpouagnHcbKa eiiHa
3) to be at war c) 6yru po3qapoBaHilM
4) to win a victory d) pesynurarN pesonrcqil
5) the civil war e) y 17-uy cronirri
6) to be disappointed with f) oAepxaril nepeMory
7) results of the revolution g) eecrm airaHy
B) to end in compromise h) naarr arpiuansue cnoBo
c) Write down the English equivalents:
6ypxyasin, xonQniq po3BtlroK, crpaqyBarx, Bopor, BilpiluyBarta, po3nycKarh, crorirrf,
f,-F

rpoMaAflHcbKt4ft, 3aKiHqyBarHcF, KoMnpoMic, ypng, nporonouyBaTfi, po3qapoByBaril,

tltlHt4rl4 onip
MoHapxig, nepeMora, Bif Ha, pebynbrar, peBonrcqin, nepeMararil, BiAMoBnFTucs,

d) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:

development bourgeoisie, government, conflict, to be at war, to refuse, to dismiss, to
oppose, the soldiers Parliament, to win, a victory, civil war, to execute, enemy, to proclaim,
to'disappoint resulis. r'evolution, monarchy, to restore, to decide, to end in compromise

e) Read :'e ,',.'is vuritten above.

HEfT f Read and translate the text.

THE ENGLTSH BOURGEOTS REVOLUTTON (1640-1660)

With the te.e:3-ent of capitalism, the English bourgeoisie was becoming richer
'17th century was
and wanteo to -a.e a say in the government. The first 40 years of the
a period of gro,,, - j ::^'rot between the king and the Parliament, representing the interests
of the bourgec s e
King Charles i ,,,as at viar with Spain and France and wanted money for it. The
parliament refusec:: gr'",e the money. Then the king dismissed the Parliament and for
more than ten yea.s ';reC England without it.
When the Parl are^: ccened again in 1640, it opposed the king. Both sides began
to prepare openly lcr ,',a: Tne king and his soldiers were in Oxford. The soldiers of the
parliament with Oli,*e'C'cmi,rell at their head were in London. The Parliament won a
victory in the civil tvai' ,',^ cr lasted several (twelve) years.
ln 1649, King Charles I r.,,as executed as an enemy of his country, and England was
proclaimed a republic r.r'ih Olrver Cromwell at its head. O.Cromwell became the Protector
of the new republic.
But the people were disappointed with the results of the revolution. Two years after
Cromwell's death (1658). the monarchy was restored. The government was too weak
and the new Parliament decided to have a king. ln 1660 Charles ll was proclaimed king
of England. The English Revolution ended in a compromise between the bourgeoisie
and the monarchy.

ffi Answer the questions.

whv was the Parliament in conflict with the king?
 2. Who was the leader of the English Revolution?
3. When was England proclaimed a republic?
4. How did the English Revolution end?

f Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

1*3

reComptetethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem. r,I
1. With the development of capitalism, the English bourgeoisie was becoming richer k*
and
2. King Charles I was at war with Spain and France and wanted... Lrl

i"*
3. Then the King dismissed...
\J

4. ln 1649, King Charles I was...

3*
5. O.Cromwell became...
u
6. Two years after Cromwell's death (1658)... F*
&.
7. The English Revolution ended.. \J

mI ,ffi Fiil in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. With the development of capitalism, the English bourgeoisie (to become)
richer.
2. The Parliament (to represent) the interests of the bourgeoisie.
3. King Charles (to be) at war with Spain and France.
4. The king and his soldiers (to be) in Oxford.
5, King Charles I (to execute) as an enemy of his country
fEHre Match the endings of the senfences. Fitl in the tabte.
2.- 3.- 4.- 5.-
 1. The English bourgeoisie
2. The Parliament
3. When the Parliament opened
again in 1640,
4. The English Revolution
5. The people of England
a) ended in a compromise between the
bourgeoisie and the monarchy.
b) were disappointed with the results
of the revolution.
c) was becoming richer and wanted to have
a say in the government.
d) represented the interests of the bourgeoisie.
e) it opposed the king.

ryffiffi Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1. Who ruled the country at the period of the a) Oliver Cromwell
English bourgeois revolution?
2. Who became a Protector of the new republic? b) Charles I
3. Who was proclaimed the king in 1660? c) Charles ll

U|lI Put the following senfences in chronotogical3lder.

1. King Charles I was executed as an enemy of the country.l I
2. Charles ll was proclaimed the king of England n
3. The Parliament was in conflict with the kino. J-l'-J
4. The king dismissed the Parliament.l-l " LJ
5. Oliver Cromwell became the Protector of the new republic.l-l
6. After Cromwell's death. the monarchy was restored.l_l

IFI{ftr Make up diatogues, using the guestions berow and your own
ones.
1. What was the reason of the conflict between the king and the Parliament?
2. Whose interests did the Parliament represent?
3. Why did the king dismiss the Partiament?
4. Who was at the head of the Parliament?
5. were the English people satisfied with the results of the revolution?
ruorEs

W fn Rebtt the text.

f$ffig Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

 workshop ['we:kJnp1 MaficrepHF MacrepcKae
machinery Ima'Ji:nari]- MaulLlHh
- MauJr,lHbt
-
industrialization Irnd,tstrialr'zerln -
] - ixgycrpianisaqin - hH.qycr pvanv3aL\vtl
technical ['teknrkal] npoMr4cnoaun
invention Irn'venJn] - arxaxig - npoMbLuneuHsrfi
raso6pereHNe
to smelt [smelt] -
BrnnaBnflrvl - BblnnaBnerb
factor ['frekte1 -Saxrop - Qarrop
-
-
metallurgy [mr'treladSi]
various ['vearias] - Maranyprin -pasxoo6pasusrra
pisxonlasirxrn
Merannyprile

purpose ['ps:pas] - qinu, Mera -uerb

-
James Watt [dSermz 'u,ot] - Yorr
?-
(3
steam engine [sti:m 'end5rn. - flxeit,tc
napcBHra gerryH
- lxefiruc Vorr
napoBorz Aarrarenu o
locomotive [,1aoka'maotrvl -napcBC3 napoB03
- L?
7
-
threshing machine ['Ore-r;''r ,:: : -. - r.tcnorapKa MonorhnKa
- -
@[
a)
check yoursetf:
the Ukrainian equivalents *,r[h me English words. Fill in the tabte:
1,,.1
{--
7
tk

1- z.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6- 7_ o

9- 10.- 11.- 12.-
l&J
1) locomotive 3 t ,r.iyCrplanl3a[.llF t-
2) purpose b t ,,rai,t.rl l&
3) various C ) MeTat:, DiiF a
4) workshop d ) gs,r.i -
5) machinery e) Qaxrcc
o
6) industrialization f ) annaxi: i-
7) technical g) napoaos a
8) invention h) sNnnaennrr.r
9) to smelt i) pi:rot,lan;xuN I&t
10) factor j) Mera t-,-
11 ) engine k) uancrepxn
12) metallurgy l) npour,tcnosrn
E
s
tr,-
b) Write down the English equivalents:
lxeNuc Votr, MonorapKa, arnaxig, napoerrZ EBilryH, uera. pisnoruaxirxlril, rraeranyprin,
,.rauJhHN, iHgycrpianieaqin, BtannaBnnrr, napoBo3, npourcnosrra

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs;

steam engine, factor, technical, threshing machine, workshop, purpose, machinery, to
snelt, industrialization, locomotive, various, metallurgy, engine
ffi Read and translate the text.

THE INDUSTRTAL REVOLUTION (1760s

ln the period between 1760s and - 1850s)
1850s Britain became
the first industrial country in the world, "the workshop of
the world". lt was the period of the growth of large factories
using new machinery.
Early industrialization in Britain was connected with
many important technical inventions which were made at
that time. The people learned to use coal for smelting iron.
That was a very important factor for the development of
modern metallurgy. lron was used for various purposes:
the first iron bridge was built in 1779 and first iron ship in
1787.
As you knotv, the machines in the first factories were driven by
water power. lt 1764 James Watt invented the steam engine
and twenty years later steam engines were used in the first
factories of textile industry. The steam engine could drive various
machines, carry gcods and people more quickly and more cheaply.
ln 1807 Robert Fulton (an American) constructed the first
steamship, and ihe first steam locomotive was constructed by
George Stephenson tn E^gland in '1814. The Liverpool and
lvla"chester Railway was opened in 1830.
Technrcal progress was also made in
agncul:ure. Fcr example the invention of the
threshing machine not only made the farmer's work easier and
quicker bul a so -freed a large number of people for work in industry.
This perioC in Briia ^ s history is sometimes called the lndustrial
Revolution

Answer the questions,

1. Why did Britain become the first indusrrra! cauntry in the world in the period between
1760s and 1850s?
2. What was a very important factor for lhe development of modern metallurgy?
3. Who invented the sfeam engine?
4. What did Robert Fulton construct?
5. Who constructed the first steam locomotive?
6. When was the first steam locomotive constructed?
7. What advanfages did the threshing machine have?
8. What important inventions were made in the period between 1760s and 1850s?
9. How is the period of technical progress somefimes called in Britain's history?

ffiPutquestionsonthetext.lJsedifferenttypesofquestions.
rc1. ln theCorrect
period
the wrong statemenfs. Consult the text.
between 1760s and 1850s Britain became one of the greatest sea
powers in the world.

2. The people learned to use chalk for writing on the dark flat surface.

3. That was a very important factor for the development of modern culture.
">
(._,
4. lron was used for various purposes: the first iron cup was made in 177g and first L}
Z>
iron ship in 1999. u
3tr

5. ln 1765 James Cook invented the steam engine. !r I

6. The steam engine could drive various animals, carry goods and people more slowly
x
and more cheaply.
r
7. This period in Britain's history is sometimes called the Fashion show. lr

Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them. LJI

&*
Technical progress was also made in v,
invented the steam engine and twenty years later steam engines
were used in... tr t

ln the period between 1760s and 1BS0b Britain became.., F.

ln 1807 constructed the first
This period in Britain's history is sometimes calied
x
6
lron was used for various purposes:

reFiilinthegaps,usingthecorrectformsoftheVerbsinbrackets,
1. Early industrialization in Britain (to be ccnnected) with many
important technical inventions.
2. That (to be) a very rmDOr"tant ;a cto r for the development of
modern metallurgy.
3. ln 1807 Robert Fulton (to construct) the first steamship.
4. The steam engine (can) drive various machines.
5. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (to be opened) in 1830.
6. The people (to learn) to use coal for smelting iron.
7. The first iron bridge (to be buitd) in 1779.
Wre'X Write down att the inventions which were made during the period
between 1760s and 1850s.

Put the following sentences in chronologisa.l order.

1. ln 1807 Robert Fulton constructed the first steapqriOlI
2. ln 1764 James Watt invented the steam engine.I
3. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway *;r";;"H in 1830.I
4. The first steam locomotive was constructed by George Stephenson in England in
1814 E
5. The first iron bridge was built in 1779.1-l
6. The first iron ship was built in 1787.n

fiffl Use information from the text to complete the chart.

lnvention lnventor Date Country

FTfEI Retett the text.

IME Sum up the main information from the text in writing.
re Read and memorize the fottowing words:
qaprrlcr
Chartist ['tlo:trst] qaprklcr
to appear Ie'pra] - 3'sBnsrvcA - noeBnFrbcF
peasant l'pezantl - ceneHfiH - KpecrbeHr4H
to toil [tcrl] -
npaqrcBarh -pa6oraru
-
trade union [,trerd'ju:njan] - npo$cninra
petition Ipr'trJn] neruqin- neruqHF
- npoScoros
charter ['tlo:ta] - xaprin, rpaMora.
- craryr
-
the People's Charter nporpaMa qaprHcrie - xaprilF, rpaMora; ycraB
nporpaMMa qaprficroB
to demand ldr'mo:nd] - BfiMararv rpe6oaaru-
to reject Irr'dSekt] -aigxrnnrv, -orKfloHFrb
- - a
*TWX Check yoursetf:
o
a
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations. r,
2
Fill in the table:
=
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- tr
6.- t7.- B- 9- 10.- 11.- 12.- o
rrl
1) to appear F-
a) enuararr z,
2) peasant b) nerrqin 3
3) to reject c) pyx lu
4) to toil d)
rparr/Iora, xaprin
5) to sign e)
npaqrrcearr
t-
6) development u-
f) npo$cninxa o
7) trade union g) napnarr,lenr
B) to demand h) s'nennrrcn oc
9) petition i) cennuNu o
t-
10) movement j) nignrcyearN I
11 ) charter k) poserrox
12) parliament l) eigxnnnrr lu
F-
b) Write down the English equivalents:
po3Br4ToK, nerrqin, xaprin, BrMararh,,cefleHtlH, npaqrcBarN, npoQcninxa, pyx, E
nignrcyearta, pa4a, aigxrnnrr, 3'FBflFrtlcF
o
cc
Lr-

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs:

charter, to demand, to sign, peasant, to appear. to reject, petition, development,
union, to toil, parliament, movement

ESE Read and transtate the text.

 THE CHARTTST MOVEMENT (1537-1545)
noDIB{s 0[. rltB With the development of industrial capitalism, the industrial
Il0l l,x,t ctlii.lEf, 0t{I0}t. proletariat appeared in Britain by the end of the lBth century.
S!L!.v Coritrrr$.
fis Obj6! d @ Utu L.e .rd.H!r d !R
The lndustrial Revolution and the wars for colonies did not
f'eael 6Mr{r& e@ldd U, tb Lgj,L!@ d @i
rislr d plidsl qdu, ritr N.l p.oritur s cn make the working people of Britain rich. The new machines
ffii., $r !'r tL .el dei.na ddi d tu. dstu h
d$ g$lk {d. lid L b -!!"".@ Unh &b !.
ae.urrd Vi.r.rlrl S.r,Lo# ddE k
left many workers and peasants out of work. Thousands of
rrMli{ d.Eryee d !rorr-* riln d B d E<
dd sa !lM,Ldo(&, &uri la!.r!!.rrj'or-
people emigrated to the United States, Canada, later to
6. d*btr d d.a Unid f,id{dd irro qoi &eJ
dkier t$r Aiolulor or rii Pro!.rrt qcrlr.rrror
&'R tgdql dNsrk!
Australia, New Zealand. Those who had work toiled for 14 or
d !ui6r?n! ..i or J qrii&t-
(16r.xeg 6e rMrcd ft. ELa@n, 1-r!3 .r !.1!or-
ii,iiii;;ildLqdd iiriridil$r t!'ca! I'lrutrr.rtF
16 hours a day. Children began to work at six or eight years
6ium

t, tho.didold
lk dreibltrFEEEb
.nl.i ru r!! hrtlr! or [r$.H.|r6
& pex!! Fry
b6l'-lffih-
....0t
lk
of age and worked for '12 hours a day.
rd!6!.
,B Ur. pitru da tu C&r
bbldd $ .ha Li .l rk 'S
r. & b ui. r! The industrial workers began to organize trade unions and
to fight for their interests and rights.
ln 1837, the London Worklng Men's
Association prepared a petition and called it the people's charter.
The workers demanded social and political reforms. The charter was
sent to other industrial towns in Britain. The workers held meetings and
demonstrations and signed the charter. The charter was also read in
Parliament. but the members of Parliament rejected it. There were batfles
in the streets, strikes all over the country. Many workers were arrested
and sent to prison.
chartism was the first working class political movement in Britain and
in the world.

@l1. Answer the questions.

When did the industrial proletariat appear in Britain?
2. For what reason were many working people of Britain left out of work?
3. How long did the workers have to work?
4. Did children have to work in Britain in the lgth century?
5. When was the People's Charter prepared?
6. What did the workers demand in the people,s Charter?
7. Did the members of Parliament pass or reject the Charter?
8. How can you characterize the Charlist movement?

WPutquestionsonthetext.lJsedifferenttypesofquestions.

1. The industrial proletariat appeared in Britain by

2. Thousands of people emigrated to
 3. Children worked for
4. The industrial workers began to organize
5. The London Working Men's Association prepared a petition and

6. The Charter was sent to other

7. The Charter was read in
8. Chartism was the first working class political movement in

[Y Filt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:

to demand, to be, to hold, to reject, to appear, to leave, to begin

1. The industrial proletariat in Britain by the end of lBth century. E.

2. The new machines many workers and peasants out of work.
o
6
3. Children to work at 6 or B years of age. 2,
4. The workers social and political reforms.
5. The workers meetings. (J
6. The members of Parliament the Charter. t5 t

7. There battles in the streets. s*

?
f#reW Match the endings of the sentences. Fitt in the tabte.
3
r*,
1- 2.- 3.- 4.- A
6.- 7.-
lr
1. The industrial proletariat appeared in Britain a)for their interests and rights.
2. The lndustrial Revolution did not make b)and called it the People's Charter.
3. Those who had work c) to other industrial towns in Britain.
4. The industrial workers began to fighi d)in Britain and in the world. 0
h-
5. ln 1837, the London Working lvlen s e)the working people of Britain rich. tl,
Association prepared a petition
6. The Charter was sent f) by the end of the l8th century.
7. Chartism was the first working class g)toiled for 14 or 16 hours a day. t*
political movement

HI Answer the questions, using the prompt.

s
t&
1. Who were left out of work? a) the working people
2. Who had to work for 12 hours a day? b) the members of Parliament
3. Who fought for their inferesfs and rights? c) children
4. Who rejected the Charter?
5. Who emigrated to the different countries?
6. Who began to organise trade unions?
7. Who began to work at 6 or B years of age?
8. Who held meetings?
9. Who was arrested and senf fo prison?

@U Make up diatogues, using the guesfions below and your own

ones.
 1. For what reason did the industrial proletariat appear in Britain?
2. What didn't make the working people of Britain rich?
3. Why did the industrial workers begin to organize trade unions?
4. Why were the battles in the streets and strikes all over the country?
NOTES

W" fe Relr"n the text.

f'fWfEI Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

 fleet [fli:t] gnor,
to establish - Ir'stabhJ]Qnor sacxoByBarr ocHoBbtBarb
overseas [,auva'si:z] - 3aMopcuxufi, saxopgouHrafi
-
-
raw materials [,rc:ma'trarialz] chpoBt4Ha
- 3aMopcrrft, 3arpaHr..tHurri
curpud
property ['propati] - rr,tailno -co6creeHHocrb, LtMyu{ecrBo
gnacHicrs,
-
self-governing [,seli'gnvanrg J -
caMoBp s1aui,t caMoynpaannrcqrrlcn
dominion Ida'mrnjan] -
Aovir.rioH AoM14Ht4oH
-
governor ['gr.vana] - ry6epuarop,- npaB!4renb
-
supremacy [sa'premasi] nepeeara - ry6epHarop, npaBhrenb
npeBocxoAcrBo
labour ['lerba] npaLln
- rpyA -
-
to intensify Irn'tensrfar] - nocfinoBarH ycfirHBarb :.
- -
W check yoursetf: z,
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words and word-combinations. Filt
,n the table:
1.- z.- 3.- 4.- E_ 6.- I 7.- 8.- o_ 10.- 11.-
Lr"l
t*
1) raw materials a) npaerrenu Z,
2) fleet b) nocrnnearn i&,
3) self-governing c) sacHoeyearr
4) overseas d) enacnicrs ts*
5) dominion e) npaqn t&
6) to establish f) crapoar,rna
7) governor g) nepeeara u,
8) property h) carrroepnpuril o
r*
9) to intensify i) $nor a
10) labour j) sauopcuxuft
11 ) supremacy k) 4orr,tixioH lr,,

b) Write down the English equivalents:

t-
o4poBilHa, npaBilrerb, Qnor, nochntoBarh, npaqfl, gon,tiHioH, gnacuicru, cauoapngurfr, E
(3
aa nopcsxrri cr
lr-

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs:

overseas, raw materials, governor, to establish, fleet, property, dominion, self-governing,
to intensify, labour

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into
re Read and translate the text.

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BR,T'SH EMPIRE

ln the 17th century Britain had a large fleet and
established its first overseas colonies. lts ships
carried the products of the British industries all over
the world and brought back food and raw materials.
Large territories in lndia, Australia, America and
Africa became parts of the British Empire. Britain sent
soldiers and clerks to these overseas lands to look
after its property. Many people from Britain moved to
these lands to live there. Some colonies were self-
governing or dominions, such as Canada. Australia and New Zealand. Others like
lndia and Africa rvere ruled by governors from Britain. The English language became
an official language of these countries. At one time the British Empire covered one fifth
of the earth and had one quarter of the world's population.
At the end of the'19th century Britain began to lose industrial supremacy to the
United States and Germany. The capitalists exported money to different countries. where
labour and raw materials were cheap, but at home industry and agriculture were not
progressing. The peoples of the colonial countries began to struggle for independence.
The major events of the 20th century intensified national liberation movement in
lndia, Burma and Pakistan. After the Second World War these and many other countries
in Africa became independent.

Answer the questions.

1. When did the Britain esfab/lsh ifs firsf overseas colonies?
2. What did the British ships carry all over the world and what did they bring back?
3. What countries were parts of the British Empire?
4. Why did Britain send so/diers /o ifs oversea s lands?
5. Did Britishers want to live in the overseas colonies?
6. Which British colonies were self-governing?
7. Were lndia and Africa among them?
8. How large was the British Empire?
9. When did Britain begin fo /ose industrial supremacy?
10. When British colonies became independent?

@Putquestionsonthetext,lJsedifferenttypesofquestions.
E complete the sentences, using the text, transrate them.
1- ln the 17th century Britain had a large fleet and established its

2. Large territories in lndia, Australia, America and Africa became

3. Britain sent soldiers to these overseas lands to

4. Many people from Britain moved to
5. Some colonies were self-governing or
b. lndia and Africa were ruled by
7. The people of the colonial countries began to

It-
G

fff{W Fill in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box: *
,t

to become, to intensify, to send, to carry. to move. to be, to cover ffi

1. The British ships the products of the British industries all over the t&-l
world. (",*
2. Britain soldiers to the overseas lands **
3. Many people from Britain to these lands.
4. Some colonies self-governing or dominions.
a'}"I

5. The English language an official language of these countries. *--

6. The British Empire one fifth of the earth. tr
7. The major events of the 20th century national liberation
movement.
*
Match the endinqs of the senfences. Fill in the table. **"

LIJ
1. ln the 17th century Britain established' a) to look after its property.
2. Large territories in India, Australia, &*
b) governors from Britain.
America, Africa
3.Britain sent soldiers and clerks to these c) its first overseas colonies.
lands g-

4. lndia and Africa were ruled by d) to struggle for independence.

5. The people of the colonial countries e) became parts of the British
began Empire.

Effi Make up diatogues, using the questions berow and your own
ones.
1. What part did the fleet play in Britain in the 17th century?
2. Why did the English language become an official language of different countries?
3. Why did people of colonial countries begin to struggle ior independence?
NOTES
_ st9. GENERaL FACTS ABoUT THE BRITISH tStES
fFf,{fl q Read and memorise the fottowing words:
plain IplernJ piexrHa paBHrHa
-
navigable ['navrgabl] -cyAHonnaexNta cygoxognurfi
loch [lok] o3epo - o3epo -
-
mild [marldl -
rra'nxri
due [dju:] - o6ynroaneHrra - rr,tsrxn,to6ycnoenexHsrfi
-
rural ['roaral] cinucsxrfi - cenucxr,rri
dweller ['dwela]- -
urban ['s:ban] - MerrJKaHeL{b
uicuxrrZ - xrrelb
ropogcxor,t
- -
fF # Check yoursetf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the Engtish words and word-combinations.
;ill in the table:
1- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6- 7.- c(,
B.- 9- to - 11.- l2- 13.- 14 - (3
1) island
t-
a) 4y6oei nicr Z
2) to be divided into independent b) 6arara pieHrxa (c
3)
states
province of Ulster c) ocrpia
k
OC
4) own government d) npoainqin Onscrep B
5) capital of the republic e) cygHonnaaua pivxa t*
(r
6) rich plain f) 6yrr nogineurna Ha HesanexHi t&I
AepxaBI (3
7) navigable river g) roprcra Epuranin
8) lowland Britain h) cinucsxi xrreni
9) highland Britain i) nanexarr
10) oak forests j) cronuLlF pecny6nixr
11) mild climate k) Hr,rsrHHa EprraHin
12) lo belong to l) enacHura ypn4
13) rural dwellers m) rr,t'nxrfi xnin,tar
14) urban areas n) rr,ticuxi repr,rropil

b) Translate the senfences into English:

1 ) EpuraHcsri ocrpoar noginnrcrucn ua gei He3anexHt
AepxaBt4.
2) Pivrr SprraHiT ue goari, ane rnN6oxi.
3) Ilicu craHoBnnrs 6nusuxo B % repr,rropii SprraxiI.
4) Eprranis 6arara xa eyrinnn.
5) Enrassxo 20 % 6praranqie Lte cinucsxi xrreni,
-
c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
urban, dwellers, plain, mild, due, navigable, province, rural, highland
 1

GREAT BRITAIN
AND }.{ORTHERN IRELAND

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Hrc Read and translate the text.
GENERAL FACTS ABOUT THE BRITISH
'SIES
The British lsles consist of two large islands, Great
Britain and lreland, and more than 5,000 smaller
islands.
The British lsles are divided into two independent
states: the U nited Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern lreland and the Republic of lreland (the lrish
Republic).
Britain or Great Britain is England, Scotland and
Wales. Northern lreland is sometimes called the
province of Ulster. lt also belongs to Great Britain.
The Republic of lreland is southern lreland. lt is
independent and has its own government in Dublin,
the capital of the republic.
London is the capital of the United Kingdom or
3ritain. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. Cardiff of
.'/ales and Belfast of Northern lreland.
Great Britain can be divided Into two parts: lowland I-.i
3ritain and highland Britain. Lowland Britain is in the ffi
&*
south-east and highland Britain is in the north-west. v
-he Highlands of Scotland are the highest mountains
r the British lsles. The highest peak in the Hightands
s Ben Nevis (1,343 m.). Snowdown is the highest
-nountain in Wales. Lowland Britain is a rich plain. so
-ihere
are many hills there, but they are never higher than 300 m. &.-
British rivers are not very long but they are deep. Big ships can enter ports at some lr !

:istance from the coast. ln the south of England the Thames (336 km.) is navigable LL
L3
'cr big ships as far as the city of London.
Lakes are found in the Lake District in England and in the Highlands of Scotland,
,r'here they are called lochs. Loch Ness, which is one of the largest lakes in Scotland,
s famous for the "Loch Ness monster". ln Great Britain there are about 4,000 km. of
-,avigable canals.
Woods make up only about B per cent of the territory of Britain. At one time oak forests
:overed the greater part of lowland Britain, but there are only a few oak forests left.
Britain is very rich in coal. Natural gas and oil have been
discovered in the British sector of the North Sea.
Britain has mild winters, not very hot summers and a lot of
rain all the year round. The mild climate is due to the warm
Gulf Stream flowing from the Gulf of Mexico to western Europe.
The population of the United Kingdom in 1990 was more
than 57,41'1 million. About 20 per cent of the British people
are rural dwellers, but only 10 per cent really live in the
country. About 40 per cent of the British people live in urban
areas, whose centres are the cities of London, Glasgow,
Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Bradford and New-
castle-on-Tyne.
F

reIK Answer the questions.

1. What parts do the British /s/es consist of?
2. How many independenf sfafes are there on the British /s/es?
3. What can you say about the Republic of lreland?
4. What is the capital of the United Kingdom of Britain?
5. What is the capital of Scotland?
6. What is the capital of Wales?
7. What is the capital of Northern lreland?
8. What is the highest peak in the Highlands of Scotland?
9. What can you say about lowland Britain and highland Britain?
10. Are there rivers in Great Britain?
11. How long is the river Thames?
12. Where can we find lakes in Britain?
13.What is fhe name of the lake in Scotland which is famous for its monster?
14. Hovt many canals are there in Great Britain?
15. Are there any oak forests in Britain?
16. What mineral resources can we find in Britain?
17. Why are winters mild in Britain?
18.What is the population of the United Kingdom?
19.What cities do you know in Britain?

@Putquestfonsonthesesenfences,Usingdifferenttypesof
guesfions.
1. The British lsles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and lreland.

2. lreland is sometimes called the province of Ulster.

3. The highest peak in the Highlands is Ben Nevis.

4. Big ships can enter ports at some distance from the coast.

5. Lakes are found in the Lake District in England and in the Highlands of Scotland.

6. At one time oak forests covered the greater part of lowland Britain.

7. Natural gas and oil have been discovered in the British sector of the North Sea.

8. About 40 o of the British people live in urban areas.

@Comptetethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem.
The British lsles consist of
Britain or Great Britain is
 3. The Republic of lreland is independent
4. London is
5. Edinburgh is
6. Lowland Britain is in
7. are the highest mountains in the British lsles.
8. are not long but they are very deep.
9. is famous for the "Loch Ness monster".
10. was more lhan 57,411 million.
11. are rural dwellers.
lflfqe Fiil in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. The British lsles (to be divided) into two independent states.
2. Britain or Great Britain (to be) England, Scotland and Wales.
3. Northern lreland (to be called) sometimes the province of
Ulster.
4. It also (to belong) to Great Britain.
5. The Republic of lreland (to be) southern lreland.
6. It (to be) independent and (to have) its own government
7. in Dublin, the capital of the republic. c
(}
WMatchtheendingsofthesentences.Fillinthetabte. t*
2
1 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.- 11
a
t*
1) Northern lreland a)is the capital of Scotland.
2) The Republic of lreland b)is the capital of the UK. c0
3) London c) live in urban areas.
F.
4) Edinburgh d)are about 20 % of the British people. ([
5) The Highlands of Scotland e)is in the north-west. trl
6) Snowdown f) is sometimes called the province of Ulster. (J
7) Lowland Britain g)is in the south-east.
8) Highland Britain h)are the highest mountains in the British lsles
9) Woods make up only i) is southern lreland.
10) Rural dwellers j) is the highest mountain in Wales.
11) About 40 % of the British people k)B% of the territory of Britain.
$I Answer the questions and tabte your maps with the geographical
name5.
1) What countries do the British lsles consist of?
2) What are the names of two the largest lslands of the British lsles?
3) What lsland is each country situated on?
4) Which of the five countries belong to the United Kingdom?
Mark the countries on your map Nel
Colour five countries of the UK: Wales - green, England - yellow,
Scotland - light brown and Nothern lreland - blue.
Colour the lrish Republic with red.
5) What is the capital of England and the UK as well?
6) What is the capital of Scotland?
7) What is the capital of Nothern lreland?
 B) What is the capital of Walgs?
e) What is the capital of lrish Republic?
Mark the caPitals on Your maP No1.
10) What and where is the UK washed by?
Mark the names of ocean, seas, straits and channels on your maps.
11) What are the main rivers in the UK?
12) What are the main mountains in the UK?
13) What are the main lakes in the UK?
14) What are the principal cities in the UK?
Mark on your map Ns2 as many as you know.
ffio Sum up the main information from the text in writing.
 THE UNITED KINGDOM
Kapra Nol OF GREAT BRITAIN

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 THE UNITED KINGDOI5
OF GREAT BRITAIN
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AND NOTHERN IRELAND

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 s20. LONDoN, THE CAPITaL
ffi Read and memorize the foltowing words:
gradually ['gra,d5oali]
silent ['sarlant] - nocrynoBo
MoBL{a3uuil
- nocreneHHo
Mon,{anheutil
royal ['roral] -xoponiecurhil - xoponeacxrt,t
-
fortress ['fc:trrs] -
- Qopreqn - Kpenocrb
raven l'rervn]
chimes [tlarmz] - BopoH - BopoH
EsBoH14, KypaHrH KonoKona, KypaHTbr
chimney ['tlrmni]- AhMap
-
to scatter ['skata]- po3KHAarA - AbrMoxoA
pas6pacutearu
- -
- check yourself:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents vtith the English words and word-combinations.
Fill in the table:
1.- 2.- 3.- A
5- 6.- 7.- 8.-
q- 10.- 11.- 12.- tJ.- 14.- 15.-

1) trading center a) Qopreqr

(3
2) wooden houses b) pseouN 6ir 6ena t*
3) gradually c) roproeril qexrp Z
4) silent d) xoponiecuxril nanaLl (E
5) royal palace e) gepee'nni 6ygrnrra (-
6) fortress f ) .qNNaap 6
7) prison g) posxr4AaHil14 co
B) raven h) a'nsnrqn (**
9) special guard i) oco6nraa oxopoHa tnJ
10) chimes of Big Ben j) npoMhcnoBa 3oHa {J
11) narrow street k) suiuraHHF craporo ra HoBoro crfinis
12) mixture of old and new style l) nocrynoao
13) chimney m)aysuxa Bynnlln
14) industrial area n) eopon
15) scattered o) raoavasurft

b) Translate the senfences into

English.
1) IloH4on Bnepue 6ye no6ygoearHH Ha ABox 6eperax pivxN Terulea.
2) 4e 6ye aennxufi roproeril qerrp.
3) Benr,txa noxexa a IloFrAoFri y 1666 spyriryaana 6araro AepeB'FHHX 6ygr x xie.
4) lcnye crapa rpa4uqin rpfiMarr eopoHie y aexi.
-
5) Apxirexrypa floHgoHobKr4x ByrHtlb qe noeAHaHHF crapoi ra xoeol' apxirerrypr.
6) Benrxi icropuvHi 6ygiani Marorb -
Hafixpauirr BHTnFE 3 Mocra.
7) Cnovarxy floHEoH He 6ya cxoxrlM Ha npoNtHcnose Micro.

c)
Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs:
gradually, silent, royal, fortress, prison, raven, chimes, chimney, to scatter, to surround,
Whitehall, Downing Street, the Tate Gallery, an industrial city
 ffi Read and translate the text.

LONDON, THE CAPITAL

London is the capital of the United Kingdom. lt is one of
the largest cities in the world. More than B million people live
in Greater London.
London was first built on two low hills on the banks of the
Thames. After the Romans left Britain in the 5th century,
London became an important place. lt was a great trading
centre. ln the 11th century William the Conqueror made
London his capital. The Great Fire of London in 1666
destroyed many wooden houses and dirty streets. Gradually
London began to grow. The villages around it grew. They
became towns. The towns grew into a large area of houses,
shops and factories which now form Greater London.
The oloest part of London is the City. lt is the business centre of London. During the
day it is iull of people, but at the end of the day the people go home and the City
becomes silent and almost empty.
By the Thames is the Tower of London, one of
the oidest and most famous buildings in Britain. lt
used to ce a royal palace, a fortress and a prison.
Noiv it s open for visitors. lt is an old tradition to
keep ravens in the Tower. Charles ll said in 163.1
I
that if the ravens ever left the Tower, it would mean
the enc c'England. A special guard is kept to give
them fooJ and look after them.
The :ouses of Parliament are in the part of
London ca ed the City of Westminster. They stand
on the ncrth side of the Thames. Here you can
listen to the chimes of Big Ben, one of the biggest
bells in the r','orld. lf you stand beside the House of Parliament you can look down the
street ca led \Vhitehall. Here are the main government offices. Near Whitehall is a narrow
street called Dotvning street. The Prime Minister lives at No 10 Downing street. The
Queen lives rn Buckingham Palace, but there are other royal palaces in London too.
The architecture of London streets is a mixture of old and new. The buildings are of
different height and styles. On the roofs you will
see a lot of chimney pots. The view of the great
historic buildings is the most beautiful if it is seen
from a bridge. There are fifteen bridges over the
River Thames.
London has more theatres and concert halls,
more picture galleries and museums, than any
other city in Britain. The British Museum, for
instance, has a wonderful art collection. lt is also
one of the most famous and important libraries in
the world. The National Gallery, which is in the
very centre of London, houses the works by almost all the greatest European painters.
The Tate Gallery has two sections: the British school from the lBth century, and modern
foreign schools (since 1850).
London is also Britain's largest port, a national and international, commercial and
financial centre and a major industrial area.
London does not at first, look like
an industrial city. lndustry has
moved out of London, especially
Curing the last twenty years.
Factories are scattered in the
clder city districts, where they are
cften surrounded by streets of small
houses. Factories built 40 or 50
years ago are about 16 kilometres
from the centre of the city.

Effi,re Answer the questions.

1. What is the capital of the lJnited Kingdom?
2. How many people live in London?
3. Where was London first built?
4. When did London become an important place?
5. Who made London his capital? When did he do it?
6. What happened in 1666? L
(f
7. What is the oldest part of London?
8. What is the Tower of London? CC
9. What is it used to be before? ro
10. What is it now? t-
<c
11. What is fhe old tradition connected with the Tower? rd
12. Where is fhe House of Parliament? cc
(J
13. What can you listen here?
14. What is Big Ben?
15. Where are the main government offices?
16. Where does fhe Prime Minister live?
17. Where does the Queen live?
18. What is the architecture of London?
19. What can you say about the buildings in London?
20. How many bridges are there over the river Thames?
21. What can you say about the British Museum?
22. Where is fhe National Gallery? What can yoLj say about it?
23. How many secfions does the Tate Gallery have?
24. What are they?
25. Does London look like an industrial city?
26. ln what districfs are the factories scatfered2
27. Where were factories built 40 or S0 years ago?

X Put quesfions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

fftTlfn comptete the sentences, using the text, translate them.
1. London is the capital of
2. ln William the Conqueror made London his capital.
3. in 1666 destroyed many wooden houses and dirty
streets.
4. The oldest part of London is
5. During the day it is full of but at the end
of the day the go home and the City becomes
and almost
6. By the Thames IS
7. lt used to be a
and a
8. Now it is open for
9. lt is an old tradition to keep
10. The houses of Parliament stand on
11. Big Ben is one of the biggest in the world.
12. Near Whitehall is a narrow street called
13. The Queen lives in
14. The Prime Mlnister lives
15. The view of is the most beautiful if it is seen
from a bridge.
16. There are bridges over the river
17. has a wonderful art collection.
18. lt is also one of the most famous and important in the world.
 19. has two sections.
20. London is also Britain's
21. are scattered in the older city districts.

fFtTlW Filt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the yerbs in brackets.
1. London (to be) the capital of the UK.
2. More than 8 mln. people (to live) in Greater
London.
3. London (to build) first on two low hills on the
banks of the Thames. ln the Sth century London (to become)
an important place.
4. It (to be) a great trading centr e.
5. The Houses of Parliament (to be) in the part
of London called the City of Westminster
6. They (to stand) on the north side of the
Thames.
7. Here you can (to listen) to the chimes of Big Ben. F"
8. The architecture of London streets (to be) a 2
k
mixture of old and new. (
t*
9. London (to have) more theaters and concert
halls, more picture galleries and museums, than any other British city. 6
s*
fffilK:N Match the endings of the sentences. Fill in the table.
c
LrJ

q_ IJ
1.- l.- 3.- 4.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.- 11.-

1) More than B mln. people a) the City.

2) ln the 11th century b) in Buckingham Palace.
3) ln 1666 c) live in Greater London.
4) The oldest part of London is d) William the Conqueror made London his
capital.
5) Charles ll said in 1631 that if e) if you stand beside the Houses of Parliament.
6) You can look down the street f) has a wonderful art collection.
called Whitehall
7) The Queen lives g) the Great Fire destroyed many wooden
houses.
8) The Prime Minister lives h) houses the works by almost all the greatest
European painters.
9) The British Museum i) the ravens ever left the Tower, it would mean
the end of England.
10) The National Gallery j) at No 10 Downing street.
'11) The Tate Gallery has two k) the British school and modern foreign schools.
sections:
 Answer the questions, using the prompt.
1) What is the capital of ttrc UK? a) Buckingham Palace
2) What destroyed London in 1666? b) the Tower of London
3) What is the oldest part of London? c) chimney pots
4) What has one of the biggest beils in the world? d) the British school and
modern foreign school
5) What is one of the oldest and most famous e) industry
buildings in Britain?
6) Where does the Queen live? f) the Great Fire of London
7) What can you see on the rools of buildings? g) the National Gallery
B) What are the two sections of the Tate Gallery? h) London
9) What has moved out of London. especially i) Big Ben
during the last 20 years?
10) What gallery houses the rvorks by almost j) the City
all the greatest European painters?

Wfiffil Retett the text.

FFFT I sum up the main information from the text in writing.

rrffiffi Read
",0
X:#:';:t':,,Sryf1:X5*'
hereditary [ha'redrtari]
- cnaAKoBun
constituency [kan'strtJoansi] - HacneAcrBe,uurfr
sr.r6opvrar.t oxpyr
vote [vaot] ronoc ronoc- - usluparensuurri oKpyr
environment - Irn'varrenmant]
- _ oKpyxalou_las cpega
chancellor {'t1o:nsala] - 4oexinnF
KaHLlnep KaHqnep
exchequer [rks'tjeka] - Ka3Haqencreo. -
AepxaBHa cxap6Hraqn
-
the Chanceilor of the Exchequer r,riricrp QiHancia - Ka3Haqefrcreo
MrHrcrp
finance [far'nans] - - SraHaHcoe
- einancur
- Srra;csr
responsible Irr'sponsrbal]
merely ['mrali] - ei.lnc=i:arru:rui:cocro
npocro - orBercrseHHsnz
to debate Idr'bert]-rinuxn, -;ci:ric.c6li;<:aru
o6roaoprcBarrl
bill Ibrl] -
3aKoHonpoeKr -
3aKoHonpceKr
-
to suggest Isa'd5est] -
to sign [sarn] - nponoHyBarlA
ni4nrcyearfi - r-re:.-afarb
noAnrcb]B3rc
to be responsible - for aignoaigarv - 3a _ orBe\iarb 3a
unfair [,rrn'fea] -
Hecnpa aegnueuu HecnpaB€!,ti.aBbrti
- -
re check yourserf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivatents with the English vtorcls an,J,,,,crd-combinations.
=ill in the table:

1) biil a) cna4xoarr,t
2) responsible b) ronoc
lr I

3) constituency c) ar6oprnn oxpyr

a't
4) vote d) gosxinnn
5) environment e) ai4noeig ansnun
6) merely f) npocro, rinuxn
7) to sign g) nponoHysarr
B) to suggest h ) Hecn pae e Artt4lt4t/,
9) unfair i) nignr,rcyearr
10) hereditary j) vinicrp Qinaxcie
11) to debate k) aignoei4art4 3a
12) the Chancellor of the Exchequer l) o6roaoproBarfi
13) to be responsible for m) saxoronpoeKr
14) finance n) Sinancr
b) Write down the lJkrainian equivalents:
vote, hereditary, responsible, environment, merely, to suggest, constituency, to
sign,
:-e Chancellor of the Exchequer, to debate, to be responsible for, unfair, bill, finance
 c) Write down the English"equivalents:
eignoeiganuHufr, cnagxoaNfi, Hecnpasegnuerfi, rpa$crao, ar,t6opvraft oKpyr, ronoc, goexinnR.
nl1iHicrp SiHancie, aignoaigarr 3a, npocro, nponoHyBarr, o6roeopoBaru, 3aKoHonpoeKl $iHaHcu,
nignrcyaarn

effiB Read and translate the text.

BRITISH GOVERNMENT
The government in Britain is divided into three
sections, the elected House of Commons, the non-
elected House of Lords and the hereditary monarch.
The UK is divided into 650 areas called
constituencies. Each constituency elects one person
to represent them in the House of Commons. These
people, or candidates, can be any British person
except for a few cases. The candidate usually
represents a political party for example the
Conservative (Tory) Party, Labour, Liberal, Green
(Ecology) or Nationalist parties. The candidate with
the most votes, even if it is less than 50 %, represents their
constituency as the member of parliament (M.P.) for the period of
trme up until the next general election, anything up to five years
later.
lf one party has 326 or more seats then they form the
government. the leader of the party becomes the prime minister
and he or she chooses 20 members of their party to form the
cabinet. Each member of the cabinet is responsible for one area
of the government, for example, the minister for the environment,
the minister for health or the Chancellor of the Exchequer
(finance),
These ministers are responsible for their department in the
civil service rvho are the people who tell ministers any information they need to know and
any decisions which need to be made. The civil service workers do not work for a particular
political party but represent the government no matter which party it is formed from. Most
civil service workers have been privately educated and attended Oxbridge universities. The
House of Lords has around two to three hundred active members. They are not paid for
their political work but merely debate a decision taken in parliament and suggest any
changes to a bill which they consider necessary before sending it to the monarch to be
signed. The monarch can refuse to sign a bill as they see fit but has not done so for over
two hundred years.
Along with the national government, there is also a local government system for each of
the 55 administrative regions known as counties. This local government is responsible for
the roads, schools, hospitals and so on for their own county.
Some people in Britain think that the election system is unfair and should be changed
but neither the Conservative nor the Labour parties (the two largest) have any wish to
change the system at the moment.

104
ffiMabhthefoltowing.Putnumbers(,,7,,or,,2,,)inbrackets,
the elected House of Commons (...)
the Conservative Party (...)
1. Three sections of the government the non-elected House of Lords (...)
in Britain: the Labour Party (...)
2. Political parties in Britain: fha Green Party (...)

the hereditary monarch (...)

the Liberal Party (...)
the Nationalist Party (...)

Wffi
elEbrhe&*4ittudffi Fill in the gaps.
1. What three sections of the QCv€r^:lt.tcr i rn Britain do you know?

Three secticns c' :^e :3,,e:-1meni in Britain

q,,,*

il .w

elected

ilt u

lrt
2. What political parties in Britain do you know?

The Political Parties in Britain

ffi Fiuin gaps, using the information

senfences into Ukrainian.
the box. Translate the

the House of commons, 326, the government, 650, 20, 650, the cabinet-
two to three hundred, 55, counties, the monarch, the leader of the party
 1. The UK is divided into constituencies.
2. Each constituency elects one person to represent them in
3. So the House of Commons has active members
4. lf one party has or more seats then they form
5. becomes the prime minister.
6. He or she chooses members of their party to
form
7. The House of Lords has around active members
B. usually signs each bill.
9. The:e rs a local government system for each of the
adn ntstrative regions known AS

ffitrI ? Choose the correct endings of the sentences. Consu lt the text.
1. The government in Britain is divided into
3 ) many sections.
bt :hree sections.
c1 frve sections.
2, The UK is divided into 650 areas called
a ocnstituencies.
L 5.dLU5.
c'epublics.
3. lf cne party has 326 or more seats then they form
a ) :he cabinet.
o, the government.
cr tne department.
4. lf one party has 326 or more seats, the leader of the party becomes
a r tre king.
cr r'e Chancellor of the Exchequer.
c) iie prime minister.
5. 2C nembers of the leading party form
at:he cabinet.
b) the civr service.
c) the House of Commons.
6. The c'r'l service workers do not work for
a) the Hcuse of Lords.
b) the m nrsters.
c) a particular political party.
7. The House of Lords has around
a) two to three hundred active members,
b) two hi.indred or more active members.
c) three hundred active members,
There is also a local government system for each of the

106
 a) 55 administrative regions known as counties.
b) 51 administrative regions known as states.
c) 650 areas called constituencies.

ffi1. rranslate the sentences into English.

Ypng Epr,rraHiI cxnagaerbcn 3 rpbox qacrfiH: nanaru o6u1ur-r, nanart; nopAtB
ra
cnaAKOBOTO MOHapxa.
2. O6'egHane xoponiecrso noginere ua 650 ar6opvux oxpyrie.
3. KoxHrfi en6opuuh oxpyr en6r,rpae o4Hy oco6y, sxa 6 npe4craBnfina fioro y nanari
o6u1ru.
KaHprr4ar npe4craBrso neBHy nor,,irnvly naprirc.
!5' l-laprin, FKa Mae 326 u^ 6insu:e ruricuu y nanari o6qru,
eop^,.ye ypqA.
6.Ilipep naprii' crae npeM'ep-r,rrricroor,r,
[1perr,r'ep-naiuicrp eulupae 20 qreH:a naprii uo6 ceopMyBarfi xa6iner.
|8. Koxeu '{neH xa6iHery signoai4ae sa o.:i.,y csepy ginnurocri.
9. fianara nop4ia HapaxoByo eia 200;o 3r,r aKr,rBHrlx qneriie.
10' 9nenr,r nararfi nopgia o6roaoprcrcrb 3aKoiorDoeKTr. npur,ruarcrs piueuHn
ra
nponoHytoru sNaiHkl u_.toAo t_lk1x 3aKoHonpoeKr B.
11. Monapx sailqailHo nignrcye yci saxotonpoeKrH,
12' Monapx Moxe ai4voarrrcu nipnrcarh 3aKoHonpoeKr. ane npornroM 6inuu *
Hix
,qBox cronirs raxoro He rpannqnocn. *,*
13. Y roxuoMy 3 55 rpaScrs icuye n,ticqeerara ypfiA.
14. Micqeevn ypnp Hece aignoaigansHicru sa ,xonr, nixapri rorJio,
15. fiexro BBaxae era6opvy cilcreMy Benrxor' Epraranii' HecnpaBeArfiBoro. €
&*
16. Ane xoAHa s naprira He Mae 6axauus sN,,'iHfiril er,r6opvy *4creMy.

gffi Answer the questions.

tl.r
a.*
1- How many secfions are there in the government of Great Britain?
2. What are they?
3. How many constituencies is the IJK divided into?
4. How many people are elected in the House of Commons?
5. What political parties of the tJK do you know?
6. When does one party form the government?
7. Who becomes fhe prime minister?
8. What does the prime minister usualty form?
9. What is each member of the cabinet responsible for?
10. What do the civil service workers usually do?
11. How many active members has the House of Lords?
12. What do the members of the House of Lords do?
13. Who usually signs bilisZ
14. What is there along with the national government?
15. What is a local government responsrbte for?
16. what do some peopte in Britain think about the etection svstem in
17. Who has no wish to change this system?

rWPutquestionsontherexf,Usedifferenttypesofquestions.
 NOTES

ffi Reqtt the text.

 s22. THE CTTIES 0F THE UK
ffidensely populated
Read and memorize the foltowing words:
['densli] rycroHacenenril
county ['kaonti] - rycroHacen6uuurra
rpaScrao,- agH,tinicrparrexrrZ oKpyr aAMVH,ACTparfiBHbtr,l oxpyr,
rpaQcrao - -
harsh terrain Ite'rern] cyBopa n,ricqeaicrs
inclement frn'klemantJ - cyaopni, - cypoBaF MecrHocrb
cypoasrr,r
average ['averrd5] -
cepeAHih
-cpegtr,su
-
employment [rm'plcrmant] -
po6ora
marine and aero engines - xopa6enrni - pa6ora
ra aaiaqiraxi ABVTyHVt ropa6enbHble il
aBhaqfi oHHbte ABr4 raTen 14
- -
hosiery ['haozjari] Tpt4Korax rpHKorax
The Pond [pnnd] - l-1ong, oKeaH-
flour ['flaoa] -
6oporuHo MyKa
- l-lonA, oKeaH
memorabilia -[,memara'brlra] - naM'FrHi pevi naMHrHble Beuln
Mancunian Imag'kju:njan] - MaHL{ecrepcuxrra-
cutlery ['k,rtlaril Hoxoei -erpo6r - MaHqecrepcrrra
HoxeBbte il3Aeflhfl
woot lwerl] -
uepcrb uJepcrb
-
-
steeped in history -nepenosHeHilti icroprvHrrur naM'flrKaMil nepenonueuuutfi
-
r/cTop14qecKilMr naMFTHhKaMh - F*
.:,,
oil and gas fields ra rasoei poAoBr4qa
- na$roai
hovercraft ['hovakro:ft] - MecropoxgeHils
cyRHo na noeirpnHir,r nogyLuqi
neQla n ra3a
cygHo Ha aoegyuuori
- - i*
noAyr!Ke
tunnel ['t,rnl] ryHenb roHHerb
berth [bs:O] - craneflb,-BepQ cranerb, sep$s
-
cobble ['t<oUat] 6ynraxrnK -6ynurxnrr
tarmac ['to:mak]- - (acSarbroBaHe) u:oce tv
- ryApoHoaane
(acSansrrapoeauHoe) L!occe - ryApoHrpoBaHHoe {&

ffia) Match Check yourself:

the Ukrainian equivalents
=ill in the table:
1 2.- 3.- +.-
A A
J.- 6- 7_ B- 9.- 10.-
1) to derive 2 T !',C aJ
f\/A2Tt/
ea rt

2) to flow : - lxSJrlTtl
3) work force C: xp,ytvtu narOp6
4) heavy engineering c r ipaQcreo, aguiHicrpatneaun
5) gateway e,i Hoxoei arpo6r
6) to wipe out f1 po6oua cNna
7) to date back g) sopora
B) steep hill h) eaxre n,tauruo6yAyBaHHF
9) county i) nporirarfi, reKTrl
10) cutlery j) garyearrcn
b) Write down the English equivalents,
 cyBopa MicqeBicrb, cyBophfi, po60qa cvna, po60ra, MaluHHo6ygyBaHHff, HaQrOBi ra
rasoei poAoBt/ula, rpa6creo, aaxnreHfi LleHrp, rexHonoriq, nepenoBHeHrfi icropkl\.tHt,tMrl
naM'firKaMil, ypFAOBa a4rr,1iHicrpaqir, cygno ua noairpnHir,r nogyutqi, repoprcr

c) Write dov',,n the tJkrainian equivalents:

popular. important, industrial, to produce, variety, employment, cobble, tarmac, modern
tech nolog y

d) Read the words written above (Tack 2c) and translate them into Ukrainian.
ffiTf{H Read and transtate the text.

THE CITIES OF THE UK

The total land area of Britain is 240.940 sq.km. and it has a
population exceeding 55 million. Most of the population live in
the cities of the UK. The most densely populated region is the
Southeast of England, London and the Home
Counties of Surrey, West and East Sussex, Kent and
Berkshire, and also Essex are to the north of London. The least
densely populated region is the Highlands of scofland, this is
due to the harsh terrain and inclement weather.
The largest and most important city in Britain is, without a
doubt, London. lt has an average population of nearly eight
million.
Birmingham is Britain's "second city", its population is over a million. Thirty years ago
it was cne of the most important coal and metal mining centres. lt is the heart of an area
known as 'black county", a name thought to derive from the industrial pollution of this
time.
Birmingham is in the county of West Midlands and along with Coventry (40 km. away)
is an important centre of manufacturing industry especially the motor car factories which
dominate the area's economy and
employment.
Glasgow in the county of Strathclyde in
Scotland is sttuated on the Clyde river which
flows into the Atlantic. Today Glasgow's leading
industries are shipbuilding, iron and steel
working, marine and aero engines. The city
also produces a variety of cottons, woollen
carpets and hosiery.
Liverpool is situated on the rivers Mersey
and Pee in the county of Merseyside. lt has a
population of three quarters of a million. lt is

110
 an important import and export centre for
international trade, especially to the other side
of the Pond. lt is also an important centre for
flour milling and sugar refining. Across the
Mersey from Liverpool is the town of Birkenhead,
famous for its shipbuilding. Liverpool was the
home of Britain's most famous export. The
Beatles, and many items of memorabilia can be
found in the museums and shops of the city,
I'vlanchester, situated in Greater Manchester,
l^as a population of slightly more than Liverpool
Dut s geographically less important as it stands
c. iie lrrvell a tributary of the Mersey. lts main
rdustries are electrical and heavy enginee'^3 f,,1any years ago the cotton industry was
, tal to Mancunian life and employed near / :.'c cf the crty's workforce, today however
*odern technology means that fev.rer ai0'ei,c,,,;o[(ets are needed.
Sheffield, situated in South Yorkshire is s: 133c1, lne centre of the famous English
cutlery industry and is an important steel ,,,;c,(.3 e,ea 1rs population is around six
^undred thousand. Sheffield also has many n€,,, r l-s:: 3s
6&"
Leeds, with a population of over halfmillion rs a a:ge ,.c-st'al centre situated in
Yorkshire. lt is well known for its wool and c c:r .3 'a:::'es a-J its engineering
"'/est lt is also a centre for aerospace and motor v,en,c e e.: rce: -g
:,ants.
Edinburgh with a population of only half a million s nct as arr: as Giasgow but it
s the capital of Scotland. lt is situated on the Forth and ts hcn'e:: :-.'a"rous bridge :
:f the same name. The major employment
areas of the city are in government
administration and tourism. lt is a town -
a't
steeped in history and is architecturally
,ery important. The Forth Bridge linking ,,,..3
:dinburgh to the north takes one year to
:aint. So when the painters get to the end
::ey have to start again from the
:eginning!
Other important towns and cities
^olude: Newcastle upon Tyre. a large
::ntre for shipping and shipbuilding. other
^eavy engineering plants and ferry pcrt
:: Scandinavia.
Aberdeen in Scotland is the link tcr,,n 'rcr i^e ra nland to the Brent, Forties and
::her oil and gas fields in the North Sea D:,e' cfien called the gateway to Europe.
: s one of the busiest ports in the ',',,ci'r -,( -t B:tain to France by ferry, hovercraft,
S:acat, Jetfoil and the newly completed tunnel .rder the English Channel. lt is quicker
:: travel from Dover to Paris than it rs tc t'a,,ei from Dover to Birmingham.
In Northern lreland the largest city is Be fast this is a large centre for shipbuilding
a-d is a heavy engineering region. The port has dominated life in Belfast for many
.:ars, Belfast contains the world's biggest shiobuilding berth at the Harland and Woulf
::mpany yard. Nearly two thirds of the pcpulation of Northern lreland live in Belfast. The
"':uble started in 1968 by the Catholic terrorisis has now largely been wiped out through

111
political means but evidence of violence used by the terrorists can still be seen in the
streets of the council estate wherd most of the trouble occurred.
Guildford is a small city in Surrey, it is situated fifty kilometres from London and is a
University town. lts history dates back many hundreds of years and the high street which
is a steep hill, still has its cobbles and has not been tarmaced.

W1. Does Answer

rno-st of
the questions.
population
the live in the cities of the uK?
2. What is ihe most densely populated region?
3. ls Birmingham Britain's "second city"?
4. Where r-s G/asgot4/ situated?
5. What reascn is the city of Liverpool famous for?
6. Tne n:aln rndustrles in Manchester are electrical and heavy engineering, aren't
thev?
7. Wnich c,ity is the home to British cutlery industry?
f . i',/ra: ,'s the capital of Scotland?
9. ls Doter called the gateway to Europe?
10, ls Belfast the largest city in Northern lreland?
11, !:e-s Belfast contain the world's biggesf shipbuitding berth?
12, /s Gttildford a small city in Surrey?

fffi Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

WCompletethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem.
 1. The total land area of Britain is
2. Britain has a population
3. is Britain's "second city"
4. Today Glasgow's leading industries are
5. Liverpool has a population
6. The main industries of Manchester are
7. Sheffield also has many
8. It is well known for its
9. Edinburgh with a population of only half a million
10. Dover, often called
11. The port has dominated life in
12. Guildford is a small

#KWffi Filt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:
.}.
to live, to be, to have, to produce, to be situated to take. to call, to date rl"
IJ

1. Most of the population

6
in the cities of the UK. &*
2. The least densely populated region ?
the Highlands
of Scotland. <r
t*
3. It an average population of nearly eight million cr
c0
4. Glasgow also a variety of cottons, woolen carpets t-
(x
and hosiery. rrl
5. Liverpool on the rivers Mersey and Pee in the E
(^}
county of Merseyside.
6. The Forth Bridge linking Edinburgh to the north
one year to paint,
7. Dover, often the gateway to Europe.
8. Its history back many hundreds of years.

fffiSel Mafth the endings of the sentences. Fitt in the tabte.

1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- tr
6.- 7.- B.- 9.-
1) The least densely populated a)situated fifty kilometres from London
region and is a University town.
2) Birmingham is the heart of an area b)the gateway to Europe
3) Clyde river c) is the Highlands of Scotland.
4) The city also produces a variety d)takes one year to paint.
5) Liverpool was the home of e)known as "black county".
6) Sheffield also has f) flows into the Atlantic ocean.
7) Edinburgh with a population of g)of cottons, woolen carpets and
only half a million hosiery.
 B) The Forth Bridge linking Edinburgh h)Britain's most famous export, the
to the north Beatles.
e) Dover, is often called i) is not as large as Glasgow but it is
the capital of Scofland.
10) ln Northern lreland the largest j) many new industries, the largest.
11) Guildford is a smalt city in Surrey, it is k)city is Belfast.

ffi Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1. What is the largest and most important city in Britain?
a) Glasgovr.
b) Coventry;
c) London.
2. What torvn is situated on the rivers Morsey and pee?
a) Birmingham;
b) Liverpool;
c) London.
3. What town was the home of Britain,s most famous export?
a) Manchester;
b) Coventry;
c) Liverpool.
\{hat is the centre of the famous English cuflery industry?
a ) Manchester;
b) Liverpool;
c) Sheffield.
5. lVhat town is well known for its wool?
a) Newcastle;
b) Leeds;
c) Aberdeen.

IP ilU Make up dialogues, using the guesfions below and your own
ones.
1. What is the geographical position of Gtasgow?
2. What reason is the city of Liverpoot famous for?
3 Which city is the home to the British cuttery industry?
4. What is the name of the river at Edinburgh?
5. Where can one take a ferry to Denmark from?
NOTES

e-ffiWfrX Relr,u the text.

f{ Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

(}
t*
Z,
c
*
co
t-
C
IrI
cc
 Rea d,, fl,!;:l:,f3y"?$lP,YsYSrEM
authority Ic:'oorrtij BnaAa, opraH ynpaaninnn
nursery ['ns:sarij -ghrcagoK Aercxni caAilK
- BnaAa, opraH ynpaBneHhF
primary ['prarmar:'- -
noqarxogilfi
secondary lseranda;i] - cepeAHir,t
- naqanuHutil
cpepHrara
tertiary ['t::'a:i, -
rperraHHVIA, mym-BVuvfi rperr,]Hurfi, sd. eurclutafi
-
available 'a ., er.ab1] gocrynnrrZ -
-
compulsory '^a::'p.rlseri] - 4ocrynnurr,r
o6oe'ssroe un o6qsarensxul14
comprehensive -
I komprr'hensrv]
-
3aranbHooceirHir7;
ece6iqHHr.l -
o6uleo6pa3oBarenbHurff ; scecropoHunri
choice l:-:.s- sr6ip
ability :rr..:r,- - asr6opcnoco6Hocru
sgi6nicrb
private .::ar','Lt]- -
npt4Baruui,t qacrnurfr
- -
to claim i;;jerm] rBepAilrvi yrBepxAarb
boarding school- ['bc:dro] -
ruKo.na-iurepuar r!Kona-HHTepHar
unacceptable [,.rnek'septabl] - se6axauuh - Hexenarenunuri
subsequent l's.rbsrkrvent] -uacrynHril cnegyroqr,tr,l
-
shared .-eac; -
oAt4H, cninuHuil -
o.qilH, o6ulrari
- -
fFIqf,I Check yoursetf:
a) Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the English words:
ability. boarding school, unacceptable, shared, comprehensive

b) Write down the English equivalents:

AHrcaAoK. sr6ip, o6oe'q3xosui,t, goctynuuh

c) Write down the lJkrainian equivalents:

authority. primary, secondary, choice, private, to claim

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into tJkrainian.

PfflI] I Read and transtate the text.

THE EDUCATION SYSrE'I4

Education in Britain is provided by the local
education authority (L.E.A.). lt is financed by both
the national and government bodies. lt is divided
into four categories: nursery, primary, secondary
and tertiary.
Nursery education (less than 5 years old).
Children do not have to go to school until they are
five years old but there is some free nursery school
education before that age. However there are not
 enough places for all the children.
Sometimes parents form their own play
Jroups for children which meet two or
:nree times a week.
Primary education. At five, all
:hildren go to infant school and stay
:here till they are seven. Then they go
:o junior school where pupils learn to
'ead, write, and to do arithmetic, these
:hree subjects are known as the three
R's. They also sing, draw and play
"lames.
Secondary education. Since 1944.
education has been available free of
:harge to all British children. lt is
:ompulsory for all children to go to school until the age of sixteen.
ln 1965 the government introduced a new system of comprehensive education. Nearly
all children attend their local comprehensive school. Classes are arranged so that pupils
:f slmilar academic levels are kept together. Often classes are called streams, for example p
:op stream maths or middle stream French.
Today parents often have a choice of ,-
local schools, some specialising in science, $
g;
others in arts or social science.
At the age of 16, most pupils take some G-
public examinations called G.C.S.E.'s
(General Certificates of Secondary
Education). Pupils sit between 3 and 11 of i*"
these examinations depending on their c
l*.1
level of ability. Generally pupils take at (f
least English language, English literature,
mathematics, a foreign language and a
ture scrence.
Some schools have "six forms" for pupils aged 16-18; here it is possible to study
:nree or four subjects at "A" (advanced) level. Most students who study "A" levels do so
r order to enter university when they are eighteen, if a school doesn't have a sixth form
:ren students can attend a special sixth form colleges or technical colleges to study a
specialised subject or "A" level subjects.
Private schools. Parents who don't wish their children to attend government schools
:an pay for their children to attend private schools (sometimes called public or grammar
schools). Some people claim that private education is of better quality than state educatron
as most students from private schools go to university when they ieave schcol, however
^rany university students come from state schools. About forty percen'i of the private
sohools are boarding schools where students live at school for nrne months of the
,ear, they can go home for the holidays if they want, Prrv,ate schools cost from 3,000
ii'
:: 20,000 per year.
ii, ln Britain the school year is divided rnto three terms of around twelve weeks each.
The year runs from September till July, Each terrn usually has a one week half term
iIr -cliday in the middle. The timetable usually starts at 8.30 in the morning and finishes
tI

I
H

&
at 3.30 p.m. with a morning break and a lunch break. At many schools it is compulsory
to wear a uniform; often this consists of dark shoes, dark trousers or skirt, a white shirt.
school tie and the school blazer with the school badge on the pocket. Many schools also
have a discipline system to punish low standards of work or unacceptable behaviour and
a commendation system to praise high standards of work.
University or tertiary education. After completing "A" level exams, many British students
attend universities. Often a student will attend a university many kilometres from their
family home. ln their first year they may live in Halls of Residence and in subsequent
years they will often live with their friends in a shared house. Students study one
subject
but often take one or two shorter courses in associated subjects. For example a physics
student may take a maths or computing course as well.
First year students are nicknamed "freshers" as they are fresh from home and must
often learn to cook for themselves and handle their own finances. British students enjoy
independent lrves at uni. They are free to pursue their own studies and hobbies. Students
normally study for three or four years before being awarded a "Bachelor's" degree.

1. When do children begin to attend school in Britain?

2. What school do they attend at the age of S?(ot 6)
3. How much does if cosf fo go to schoot in Britain?
4. How are ciasses arranged at comprehensive school?
5. What sorls of exams do pupils take at the age of 16?
6. Can you describe the school year in Britain?
7. Do pupils in the IJK wear uniforms?
8. How many subiecfs do 1B year old students usualty take?
9. What are first year studenfs at university nicknamed?
10. Where do university students tive?
11. How many subiects do students study at university?

WfTi Put questions on the text. tJse different types of questions.

Ef;Kffi complete the sentences, using the text, transrate them.
1. children do not have to go to school until they are five years old but...

2. Secondary education is compulsory for all children...

3. Private schools cost...

4. ln Britain the school year is divided into..

f Fitt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:

to be, to start, to enjoy

1. Education in Britain divided into four categories.
2. The timetable usually at 8.30 in the morning. 7
3. British student independent lives at uni.
g*
r Match the endings of the sentences. Fitt in the tabre. m
1.- 2.- L-
4.-
1) Education in Britain is provided a) do arithmatic, sing, draw, play games.
TU

2) ln junior school pupils learn to read, b) to wear a uniform.

write
3) Parents have a choice of local c) by the local education authority.
schools,
4) At many schools it is compulsory d) some specializing in science, others
in arts or social science.

@Makeupdiatogues,usingtheguesfionsbelowandyourown
ones.
1. What can you tell me about education in Britain?
2. How many categories are there in the education system in Britain?
NOTES
KSWffi Put the following.sentence s in chronological order.
1. After completing "A" level exams, many British students attend universities-[
2. At five, all children go to infant school and stay there till they are ser"n.l--l
3. At the age of 16, most pupils take some public examinations called G.C.S.E's.

ffit! Retett the text.

m.ryK Read,, o
public ['p.tblrk]
*,\i!i,lff r3[t,fr'[,:i:
HapoA, ny6nixa HapoA, ny6nr,rxa
period ['prarrad]- nepiog, enoxa - neproA, onoxa
-
oil painting ['perntrg] -
onirane ManFpcrBo MacflqHaF xhBonilcb
-
contemporary [kan'temparari] cyqacHfil,1
- coeperraeHHurfi
spectrum l'spektram] cneKrp
- cneKrp -
-
to thrive IOrarv] npoqeirarv - npoLlBerarb
-
metropolis Ima'tropalrs] - Merpononin cronhLla,
cronrqf;,
- Merpononr/F
artefact ['o:trfakt] -
apreSaKr. sanHrr.lxia narepranuno'i xynurypil crapogasuuoi
ntoAfiHt4 -
apreQaKT, ocrarKh tilarepHaflbiror.r xynurypbt ApeBHero qenoBeKa
-
sarcophagus lso:'kofagas] capxoear
mummy ['m,tmi] vyvin - Myr,/HF - capxogar
-
dinosaur ['darnaozc:] -
4r,rxosaBp
grizzly be.ar ['grrzli] - - AHHo3aBp
aeAraigu rpisni
butterfly ['b,rtaflar] - Mererhr - MeABeAb rpr3nx
6a6oqxa
bison ['barsn] -
6isoH 6neoH
-
-
interactive [,rnta'aktrv] -
- esaertro4irovr,rra
c(:
earthquake simulator ['s:Okwerk] - B3aHMogeracrsyroqNu
rrroAenb 3eMnerpyca o
crystal skull ['knstl] - vepen xpycranuHsrr,l
Kpr4luraneBrfi - Mogenb
vepen
3eMnerpeceHHfl
t--
puppet ['pnprt] -
uapioHerKa MaphoHerKa
- Z
myriad ['mrnad] - -
- ruipiagra, 6egniq M14pHaAbr, HecqerHoe KonhqecrBo
<E
- L
c(
fffi I Check yourself: co
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words. Fiil in the tabte: t-
€
Irl
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.- 11.- 12.- '13.-
cc
1) myriad a) uipiagra Lf
2) artefact b) apregaxr
3) public c) xapog
4) spectrum d) cnexrp
5) sarcophagus e) capxoQar
6) puppet f) n,rapioHerxa
7) mummy g) rvrynais
B) contemporary h) cyvacHnfi
9) thrive i) npoqeirarra
10) earthquake j) 3eMnerpyc
11 ) metropolis k) cronraqn
12) bison l) 6iaon
13) interactive m) esaeuopiro,{rfi

b) Write down the English equivalents:

AhHo3aBp, nepiog, 6ieon, MerenuK, capxoSar, Kpr4uraneBrfr vepen, cyva cH u i,
laapioxerxa, crofl14qn, cneKTp, HapoA, esaelao,qircvrft , rr,tyrr,tin
t"
c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
grizzly bear, puppet, myriad, earthquake, to thrive, contemporary, sarcophagus
metropolis, artefact crystal skull, dinosaur, mummy, spectrum

ffiffi*--B Read and translate the text.

ART AND CULTURE
Art gaileries lt is in London that the most
rmpressive galieries in Britain can be found.
Without cubt the most famous of them is
the Natlcnal Gallery. This fine building is
situatec n Trafalgar Square. lt is open all
year rorrd to the public and houses
collectic.s of all styles covering a wide
range of periods and subjects. lt is famed
for its cil paintings by artists from the
Brit,sn and European Schools of art.
Tne Tate Gallery is found on the North
Embanxment. lt was founded by Sir Henry
Tate and houses many contemporary as
we L as classic works from the whole
spectrum of the world of art.
Museums. Most medium to large sized towns and cities in Britain have got at least one
museum. ln small cities such as Guildford in Surrey, the museum may be no larger than
a normal house but in London the buildings are often very impressive. The local museums
usually cover the local history and culture of the region they serve. The Guildford museum
tells of norr Guildford has grown over the centuries on the banks of the river Wey ano
the changes from a small market village into the thriving city in the heart of Surrey
tod a y.
The most famous museums in London
are to be found in the west of the
metropolis at South Kensington. The British
Museum is found here. lt is one of the most
famous museums in the world. There are
rooms devoted to Roman history with
ancient artefacts, to Egyptian times with
sarcophagi and mummies exhibited. For a
time it also housed the Elgin marbles.
The British Museum also has the British
Library, this is thought to be the largest
library in the world. lt was started as a
place to keep private collections of
'nanuscripts and books in 1753. Today it tries to keep a copy of every book published,
rot only in Britain but all over the world. lt has nearly ten million books.
The Museum of Natural History houses many exhibits both on display and in its
lumerous stores. lt has life size reproductions of dinosaurs and a blue whale which has
a giant room to itself. lt has display cabinets containing millions of examples of life from
:ne animal and plant world from grasses to grizzly bears and from butterflies to bisons.
The Science Museum in London tells us of the world history of science. The origins
:f chemistry, biology and physics. The story of electricity, the first telephone and TV's,
:ars, planes and trains. lt has many models on display and many of the displays are
rteractive so that children, or even adults, can play with them and learn about science.
The Victoria and Albert Museum was founded by Queen Victoria's husband Albert to
:romote fashion in Victorian times. lt nciv displays furniture, costume and other effects
:hroughout the periods of British history
Other museums in London inciuce r:e
mperial War Museum, not in South
(ensington, which tells of all the battles anc
,vars which have involved Britain. lt has r",any
:ieasures donated by families of war veterans,
such as diaries and ration books, as well as
:xamples of military technology. The
Seographical Museum:
- with exhibits mainly s**
cf interest to geographers, including an ry
earthquake simulator. The Museum of
',1ankind:
- telling the story of human
:volution and housing one of only two pure
t*
:rystal skulls in the world. Finally for this list, though there are other museums not m
-rentioned here, is the Toy Museum. This small building, which is often difficult to fino, F*
s a treasure of toys from the whole world, it has lBth century puppets and sindy dolls t&,
alike along with a myriad of other examples of children's play things through the centuries.

E?. K Answer the questions.

1. What is the most famous art gallery in London?
2. Where is fhe National Gallery situated?
3. Who founded the Tate Gallery?
4. What does the local museum usually cover?
5. Where are the most famous museums in London?
6. What can you say about the British Museum?
7. What can you see in the Museum of Natural History?
8, What does the Science Museum in London tell us?
9. What do you know about the Victoria and Albert Museum?
10. Which London museum would you like to visit and why?
11. What museums are there in your town?

i Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

W correct the wrong statements. Consult the text.
1. Without doubt the most boring of the museums is the National Gallery.

2. This fine building is situated in Red Square.

3. The Museum of Mankind is telling the story of kings' evolution.

4. The British Museum also has the British Cinema Hall, this is thought to be the
smallest hall in the world.

The most famous museums in Kyiv are to be found in the west of the metropolis
at North Kensington.

6. Most medium to large sized towns and cities in Britain have got only one museum

7. The British Library was started as a place to keep private collections of stamps in 1763.

8. The British Library has nearly 100 million books.

9. The National Gallery is open all year round to the king's family and houses
collections of one style covering a wide range of periods and subjects.

&fi{e Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

The Museum of Natural History houses many exhibits
There are rooms devoted to Roman history with
 3. The Tate Gallery is found on
4. The Science Museum in London tells us
5. The Victoria and Albert Museum was founded by

1. The British Museum also (to have) the British

Library.
2. The local museums usually (to cover) the local
history and culture of the region they serve.
3. The British Museum (to be found) at South
Kensington.
4. The Science Museum in London (to tell) us of the
world history of science.
5. Without doubt the most famous of galleries (to be)
the National Gallery.
6. lt (to be) open all year round to the public.
3.
# write down the names of the museums which are situated in ?r
&
London. (3
&*
2
u
Use information from the text to comlete the chart.
Founder t*
co
&*
€
ti",
(3

FXffiWKffi Retett the text.

IffiH Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

 s25. SPoRT IN BRtTatN
rc Read and memorize the foltowing words:
favourable ['fervarebl]
indoors ['rndc:z] - cnpr4grnv,euhB -noMeu"leHril
y nphMir4enHi
6naronprsrHurri

local ['leokal] -vicqeari -

vecrruri
however Ihao'eva]- - npore
to arrange Ia'rerndS] - oAHaK;
opranieoByBarH - oAHaKo; 3aro
opraHil30BbtBarb
to score [ske:] Becril - paxyHoK Becrfi - cqer
- -
to draw [drc:] rparv aHi,{hto rlrparb BHt4qbto
cup [k,tp] -
xy6ox xy6ox
-
-
trophy l'traoiil -
avid ['avrdJ - npn3 - npn3
xagar,rynil
fan [fan] -QaH, 6oninsryrx - xax;]y,ri]1il
San, 6oren"u-zx
complicated- ['krmplrkertlc] - cxra:l+li, sarir,yr-aHuu
to be aware of [a u'ea. 3HarH - 3Harb
- cnoxxsrr,r, sanyraxnurrZ
bat lbret] 6rrxa -
6ma -
-
bowls [bo<;lz] -
rpa e xynr ,1rpa B ruapbt
pitch Iprtl] -noAaea, KilAoK- noAaqa, 6pocox
-
croquet ['krae;kat] KpoKer
- KpoKer
lawn [lr:n] ra3oH
- ra3oH -
hoop [hu:p1 - o6pyv-
-
lacrosse Ila'kros] - o6pyv naKpocc
naKpoc
hurling I'hs:hol -ilpnaHAcuxrfr - xoxefi ua rpasi fipfiaHAcxufr xorxerl na rpaae
curling ['ks:hpJ - xepninr KepnfiHr - 15-

-
potholing ['pnt,hac;lrg] -
norxoniHr, (nro6r,rrenucuxa) cneneororis norxonhHr,
-
(no6rrenucxas ) cneneonorilF -
&**
to involve lrn'vclv]
rugged ['r,tgrd] - BKnrcqarvxepoeuurfi
xepieurfi - BKrtoqarb (*t
-
coastline l'kaostlarn] -
ys6epexxfl no6epexue
- -
Wffi check yoursetf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words. Filt in the tabte:
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.- 11 12.- 13.-
14- '15 - 16.- 17.- 18.- 19 - 20.- 21 22.- 23.- )4- 25.- 26.-
1) favourable a) H,ticqeeNi
2) indoors b) ognax, npore
J) local c) ipnaupcsxlrrZ xoxeri ra rpaai
4) however d) opranisoByBaril
5) to arrange e) rpa a xyni
6) to score f) o6pyv
7) to draw g) cnpranrnraer,tr,t
B) cup h) nogava
e) trophy i) y nprr,lriqeHni
10) avid j) KpoKer
11) fan k) raaoH
 12) complicated l) norxoniHr
13) to be aware of m)rparra aHi.tilro
14) bat n) aecrr paxyHoK
15) bowls o) naxpoc
16) pitch p) xepniur
17) croquet q) xy6ox
'18) lawn r) Hepianr,ril
'19) hoop s) yebepexxn
20) lacrosse t) BKnrcvarh
21 ) hurling u) 6rrxa
22) curling v) sHarr
23) potholing w) cxna4HN i,t, eannytanuh
24) to involve x) Qau, 6oninuHrx
25) rugged y) xaparcvufi
26) coastline z) nprs
b) Write down the English equivalents:
r',licqearr,t, oAHaK. ipnaHgcsxrra xorefi ua rpaai, opraHisoayBaril, rpa a xyni, o6pyv.
cnphFrnHBHlt, nogava. y nprn,tiqeHui, xpoxer, ra3oH, norxoniHr, rparu aHivro, BecrH paxyHoK.
naKpoc, xepniHr, xy6ox, HepiaHril, ys6epexxn, BKnloqaril, 6rrxa, 3Haril, cxnagHril, sannyraHnr,l.
6oninusux. xaaarc.iH;. npH3

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:

bat, coastline, however, rugged, to be aware of, indoors, complicated, to involve, favourable
bowls, fan, local, pot-holing, to arrange. pitch curling, croquet, to score, hurling, lawn, to draw
lacrosse, trophy, hoop, cup, avid

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and transtate them into lJkrainian.

ffi1f Read and transtate the text.

SPORT IN BRITAIN
As the climate in Britain is favourable, sport can be played all year round; both
indoors and out!
The most popular sport is football which is played at all levels, from children playing
in the streets or parks, right up to top international players. Many people play for local
clubs or for teams from their work places; however Saturday is the big day for the
professionals to play. Some of the stadia, such as Old Trafford (Manchester), Groodison
Park (Everton) and Highburg (Arsenal) are massive and hold between 60 and'l0C
thousand people. These are always packed on Saturdays.
 Over eighty professional teams play
each week. The best teams are arranged
in leagues of 20 at a time. Each team
plays all the others both at home and
away. They score points if they win or
draw. At the end of the season, which
runs from autumn through to spring, the
team with the most points wins the league
cup. The other major football trophy is
the F.A. Cup which is won in a knockout
competition. Most school children, and
even some parents, are avid fans of their
favourite team.
Cricket is played for six months from spring to the autumn. Although this is a national
3ame, it is not as popular as football. The rules are very compliCated, indeed most
3ritish people are not aware of them all. The idea of the game is quite simple. One
:eam sends people to the wicket (in the centre of a field), with bats, the other team
bowls (a special throw) the ball to them to get them "out,,. A popular cry on the pitch
s "Ouzatt" [ "auzat] which means is the batter in or out. There is an organised league
r the summer between the best counties in the country and international games are \t-
clayed between England, lndia, Sri Lanka, West lndia, Australia and New Zealand each at
summer. i-
There are two types of rugby in Britain. They both originated at Rugby School, a 2
'amous public school in the city of the same name. Rugby union is the game that many (e
t"-
school children learn. lt has 15 players on each side and is non-professional. The game
at Rugby League is professional with teams all over the country competing for the telgue 6
:rophy. Wlgan, St. Helens, Leeds, Widnes and Warrington are some of the most famous t-
:eams in the League. <r
tr.l
As well as having English, Scottish, Welsh and lrish teams, there is also a Union team
'cr Britain, called the British Lions. (3
These are the most popular sports in Britain; however British people play many other
sports, including hockey, ice hockey, bowls, croquet; which is played on a tawn by
<nocking balls through metal hoops. Lacrosse, a French game is similar to hockey.
Hurling, an lrish game played also in Scotland which is also similar to hockey.
Curling, a winter sport in Scotland when men throw heavy pucks along special sheets
:f ice. Tennis is very popular in the summer both indoors and out. The most famous
:ennis competition in the world is held at Wimbledon in South London each summer.
British people also enjoy many unusual sports such as walking, climbing, parachuting,
:anoeing, potholing and BASE jumping; this involves jumping from high buitdings or
:ridges or antennae with the aid of a parachute.
Scotland is said to be the home of British golf as there are many beautiful courses
: cng the rugged coastline. St. Andrew's is perhaps the most famous golf course in
:-e world.

ffiTef Answer the questions.

1. Why is sport played in Britain all year round?
2. What is the most popular sport in Britain?
3. For what teams do people play?
r
When do the professionals play football?
How many professional feams play each week?
How can a team win the league cup?
What is the other major football trophy?
What is the idea of cricket?
How long is cricket played?
What cricket competitions are organized in summer?
How many types of rugby are there in Britain?
Where did they originate?
How many players does rugby union have?
What are the most famous teams in Rugby League?
What other sporfs are played in Britain?
What is curling?
Where is it played?
What is the most famous tennis competition in the world?
What kinds of unusual sporfs do British people enjoy?
What country is said to be the home of British golf?
What are the most popular sporfs in your country?
Why is sport an important part of school life?

ffi Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. As the climate in Britain is favourable
2. The most popular sport is football

Many people play for local clubs or

Some of the stadia, such as
 5. The best teams are arranged in leagues of
6. At the end of the season

The other major football trophy is

Most school children, and even
Cricket is played
The rules are very
A popular cry on the pitch is
There is an organized league in the summer between

13. There are two types of

14. They both originated at
15. Rugby union is the game that
16. lt has 15 players on
17. The game at Rugby League is professional with teams

18. These are the most popular sports in Britain; however &*

ff
19. Lacrosse, a French game is **
20. Curling, a winter sport in Scotland when
u
21. Tennis is very popular in
t*"
22. The most famous tennis competition in the world is held at
Lrl
(J
23. British people also enjoy many unusual sports such as

24. Scotland is said to be

25. St. Andrew's is perhaps

reK Fitt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:

to play, to be, to be arranged, to score, to enjoy, to get, to send, to win,

to bowl, to be held, to be packed, to draw, to run, to throw, to be aware,
to originate, to have

1. Many people for local clubs or for teams

work places.
2. Saturday the big day for the professionals play.
3. These always on
Saturdays.
 4. The best teams in leagues of 20 at a time.
5. They points if they win or...
6. At the end of the season, which from autumn through
to spring, the team with the most points the league cup.
7. The rules very complicated, indeed most British people
of them all.
8. One team people to the wicket with bats the other
team the ball to them
them "out".
9. They both at Rugby School, a famous public school
in the city of the same name.
10. lt 15 players on each side and is non-professional
11. Curling, a winter sport in Scofland when men
heavy
pucks along special sheets of ice.
12. The most famous tennis competition in the world
at Wimbledon in South London each summer.
13. British people also many unusual sports.

f#,E{l :I Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1)what is the most popurar sport in Britaln? la) scoiland
2) what is the other major footbail trophy?
3) what cricket competition is organised
-in loj ,n organised teague
summer? lcj nocrey, bowls, cioquet
I

4) What are the most famous

lO; Wi*Ot"Oo,
teams in Rugby League?
5) What other sports are played in Britain? e) football
6) Where is the most famous tennis competition f) the F.A. Cup
in the world held?
7) What kinds of unusual sports do British people g) Wigan, Leeds, St.
Helens,
enjoy? Widnes, Warrington
B) What country is said to be the home of British h) walking, climbing, canoeing,
golf? potholing

Ffi{flil Make up diatogues, usin g the guesfions of rask 4 and your own
ones.
,vorEs
rffiffiSx sum up the main information from the text in writing.

tn
!*
X
LU
(-
&
<E
F
zlrl
E
lrl
-l
o.
o.
3
t/,

r'il

,{

I
I
wr e Read a n d m e m3,1;"1f"'fr3);oljl
established church lrs'trebLJ] qepKBa
Methodist ['meOadrst] - AepxaBHa
MeroArlcr MeroAtlcr - rocyAapcrBeHHaq qepKoBb
-
Gongregationalist [,koggra'gerJanalrst] - KoHrperaqiosanicr KoHrperaqiloHanilcr
Presbyterian [,prezbrtrerran] -
npeceirepiaurH -
npecBHrepHaHilH
to pronounce fpra'naons] - -
intense Irn'tens] - oronouyBarr,
Hanpyxen/,h, cununvti,t
3aflBnqrv
- oTnalxarb, 3agBflflrb
HanpFx6nnuril, crnuHurfi
-
to intervene [,rnta'vi:n] Brpyqarilcfi -
BMeufiBarbcF
-
to prevent Iprr'vent] sano6irarv -
npeAorBpau{arb
Muslim Imoslrm] -
MycynbMaHilH - MycynbMaHrH
Hindu [,hrn'du:] -ixgyc t4Hgyc
-
Sikh lsi:kl -
cixx -
Jew [d5u:] - eepefr - o4Kxeepeil
- -

a) Write down the English equivalents:

AepxaBHa qepKBa, Hanpyxeui grcxycii, Brpyrl4Trcn. yHHKHyrr{ eiunvt, He3Baxaoqil Ha
BenilKy pisHorr,lauirHicru peniriil, aignovraBaril, npeceirepiarcuxa LiepKBa

b) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs:

Roman Catholic, Methodists, Congregationalists, lvluslrms. Hindus, Sikhs, the largesr
group of Jews

W Read and translate the text.

RELIGION TODAY
The Church of England or the Anglican Church is still the
established church in England. The British King or eueen is
still the head of the Church. However there are many other
churches to which people belong; e.g. Roman Catholic (six million),
Methodists (1,150,000). Congregationatists (372,000), Baptists
(338,000) and other smaller groups.
ln scotland the Presbyterian church is well established and is
separated from the church of England. lt is based on a strict form
of Protestantism which was taught by the French reformer, calvin.
and brought to Scotland by John Knox.
There is complete religious freedom in Britain but this doesn't
stop people coming into religious conflict. This
problem is particularly pronounced in Northern
lreland. Twenty five years ago the arguments
between the Catholics and Protestants became
so intense, that the police and the army have
had to intervene to prevent a war between the
iwo religions.
Britain's immigrants have also brought with
them their own religions which they continue to
practice. There are Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs
from the lndian subcontinent, Rastafarians
(Rastas) from the West lndia and the largest
group of Jews living in Europe.
ln spite of the great variety of religions in Britain less than 5 % of people go to church
on Sundays. Most people use Sunday as a time to relax.

ffi Answer the questions.

1. What church is the established church in England?
2. Who is the head of the Church?
3. What churches are there in Engtand?
4. What church is separated from the Church of England?
5. ls there complete religious freedom in Britain?
6. what problem is particularly pronounced in Northern lreland? V)
7. When did the arguments between the Catholics and Profesfanfs become very [*
intense? r.!'J
8. What religions did Britain's immigrants bring with them? F
9. How many people go to church on Sundays?
'10. How do most people use Sunday? tr
c
F
ffiPutquestionsonthetext.lJsedifferenttypesofquestions. z
LU
E
lr,l
*J

ffi. comptete the sentences, using the text, transrate them.

1. There are many other churches to which people belong

2. This problem is particularly pronounced

3. There are Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs from

4. ln spite of the great variety of religions in Britain

f tl Filt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:
to establish, to be, to teach, to become

1. ln Scotland the Presbyterian Church well and is

separated from the Church of England.
2. The British King or Queen still the head of the
Ch u rch.
3. lt is based on a strict form of Protestantism whlch
by the French reformer, Calvin.
4. Twenty five years ago the arguments between the Catholics and Protestants
so intense, that the police and the army have had
to interuene to prevent a war between the two religions.

@Choosethecorrectendingsofthesentence's.Consuttthetext.
1. Ti',enty five years ago
a) the arguments between the Catholics and Protestants became so frequent.
bl the arguments between the Catholics and Protestants became so intense.
c) t.e arguments between the Catholics and Protestants became so insignificant.
2. Tn s problem is particularly pronounced
ar rn Northern lreland.
b ) in Scotland.
c r ln lVales.
3. ln spite of the great variety of religions in Britain
a r less than 5 % of people go to church on Sundays.
b) less than 10 % of people go to church on Sundays.
c) less than B % of people go to church on Sundays.
4. tvlost people use Sundays
a) as a time to work.
b) as a time to relax.
c) as a time to go in for sports.

fF[Il3r Make up dialogues, usin g the questions below and your own
ones.
1. What church is the established church in England?
2. Who is the head of the Church?
3. What are the main religions in the UK?
4. What is the most popular religion in your country?
5. What churches are there in England?
6. ls there complete religious freedom in Britain?
7. What problem is particularly pronounced in Northern lreland?
8. How many people go to church on Sundays?
9. How do most people use Sundays?

I HKU Answer the questions, using the prompt.

 1. Who is the head of the Church? a) to relax
2. What church is separated from the Church b) the Presbyte-ian C^_.:^
of England?
3. ls there complete religious freedom in
Britain? c) twenty five years aJc
4. What problem is particularly pronounced
in d) complete religious
Northern lreland?
freedom
5. When did the arguments between the Catholics
and Protestants begin? e) the British King or eueer
6. How many people go to church on Sunday?
7. How do most people use Sunday
f) the religious conftict
g) less than 5% of peopte
mqXm Reten the text.

r(mwr sum up the main information from the text in writing.

o
F
x
trj
F
0c
€
F
z
trJ
E
TU

o.
o.
=)
V
ffi Read and memorize the foltowing words:
bank holiday oQiqiilHral,r arxigHrfi AeHb, necnyx6oerfi geuu o$uqranuHuttTt
-
aurxogxora AeHb, HenpilcyrcraeHuutfi 4euu
-
emergency services [r'ms:d5ansi] cnyx6u nerat,lxo'i Aonorrlorr- cnyx6ut
HeornoxHoti nouou-lr
-
significance [srg'nrirkans] - sHaqeHHfl - 3HaqeHfie
buffet meal I'br.irt] nerKa ixa ndrraq nfiu.la
-
to toast Ita<;st] - nporonoutyBaril - rocr npoBo3rnaLllarb rocr
-
to chime Itlarm] - aiA6raearv to$vl+vl - o16urearb \racbl
go6pi crapi vacr
Auld Lang Syne - 4o6poe crapoe
BpeMF
-
fireworks ['faraws:k] SeepeepK - Qettepeepx
previous ['pri:vras] - nonepegHiil
- - npeAut4yu-lrrr
opportunity [,opa'tju:nrti]
patron ['pertran] - cnyruHa HaroAa
noKpoBt4Terlb
- 6naronpveIHaA Bo3MoxHocrb
noKpoB',4rerr b
saint lsernt] -
ceqrvh cefioh -
-
leek Ili:k] -rlra6ynq-noper,r
-
daffodil ['dafadrl]
- nyK-noperi
-
buttonhole ['b,rtnhaol]
HapLtt4c
- Hap'Jrr3 rere.-5i'a
nererlbKa
greatful ['grertfal] -
BAFLlHrlri
-
6nar:.-2c-=,f
- -
KffiIIEEn Check you rsetf:
a)
Write down the Ukrainian equiv'aten:s
emergency services. special signrficance :o eat oirffet meal, toast the New Year, Big
Ben chime, fireworks

b)Write down the English equivalents:

nonepeguifr, cnyulua HaroAa, noKpoBHre.r:. Hochrl,l qu6ynrc-nopeil a nererbKax
Hocr4Tr4 HapLll,rc B nerenbKax, 6yrr BAF!Hrlr"l

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs;

emergency services, significance, buffet meal. to toast, to chime, fireworks, previous
opportunity, leek, daffodil, buttonhole

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into Ukrainian.

Read and translate the text.

 HOLIDAYS IN THE UK
There are two different types of holidays
in the UK, bank holidays and celebration
days. The first type, bank holidays are
national holidays and in general people
don't work on these days. However if
someone works for the emergency
services or in a shop which is open on
those days then sometimes they will work.
The second type, known as celebration
days are normal working days that have a
speclal significance.
31st December. New Year's Eve
is a special celebration when people - this
gather togeiher r,vith friends or family and
welcome in the new year. Many people will go to a paity cn this evening and will
eat a
buffet meal and toast the new year. At midnight peopte s,,vitch on the TV or the radio
to hear Big Ben chime in the new year. Everybody will hotd hands and sing Autd Lang
Syne, a poem by Robert Burns. Some families will also have fireworks at ;-niOnignt. fnii
day is especially popular in Scotland where it is called Hogmannay. This day usually
continues until the early hours.
1st January. New Year's Day
- this isofa the
and is spent continuing the celebration
bank holiday
previoui t&
day. lt is also an opportunity to go for a walk to see
friends and wish them "Happy New year!,, tr I
'1st March. St. David's Day this is a special
celebration for St. David, the patron- saint of Wales. On
this day many patriotic Welshmen wear a leek or a
daffodil in their buttonholes as a celebration. t-
Mothering Sunday ?
date of this celebration
- the
changes each year to keep it as second Sunday in March.
r&,

This is a day of rest for mothers. Children will often make breakfast-in-bed for their &t
b,
mothers and spend the day doing good jobs in the house. Most children are gratefut ti.
that this is only one day in the yearlll

Answer the questions.

1. What different types of holidays in the uK do you know?
2. what holiday do English people celebrate on the 31st of December?
3. What are the customs and traditions of the New Year celebration in the IJK?
4. What day is especially popular in Scoiland? How is it calted?
5. what opportunity do British peopte have on the 1st of January?
6. What do many patriotic Welshmen wear on St. David,s Day?
7. When is Mothering Sunday?
8. what do children do to help their mothers on Mothering sunday?

ffi".W$ Put questions on the text. tJse different types of questions.

&
fi
ll*
*
&
#
,qt

@Comptetethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem.
1. There are two different types of holidays in the UK...
2.
Everybody will hold hands and...
3.
On this day many patriotic Welshmen wear...
4.
Children will often make...

@Fittinthegaps,usingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets'
1. There (to be) two different types of holidays in
the UK, bank holidays and celebration days.
2. The first type, bank holidays are national holidays and in general people (not to
work) on these days.
3. However if someone works for the emergency services or in a shop which (to be)
open on those days then sometimes they (to work)

4. The second type, known as celebration days are normal working days that (to
have) a special significance.
5. On the 31st of December people (to go) toa
party in the evening and (to eat) a buffet meal
and (to toast) the new year.
6. The 1st of January (New Year's Day) (to spend)
continuing the celebration of the previous day,
7. On St. David's Day many patriotic Welshmen (to wear)
a leek or a daffodil in their buttonholes as a
celebration.
8. The date of Mothering Day celebration (to change)
 each year (to keep) it as second Sunday in March
9. This (to be) a day of rest for mothers.
10. Children often (to make) breakfast-in-bed for their
mothers.

ImTmr Make up dialogues, usin g the guesfions below and your own
ones.
1. what is the difference between celebration days and bank holidays?
2. What customs and traditions of the New Year celebration in the UK do you know?
3. What opportunity do people have on the '1st of January?
4. What do many patriotic Welshmen wear on St. David's Day?
5. When is Mothering Sunday?
6. What do children do to help their mothers on Mothering Sunday?
NOIES

E?Ifltr Answer the questions, using the prompt. tn

1) What holiday do English people a) do good jobs in the house t-
x
celebrate on the 1st of January? lrJ
2) What day is especially popular in b) on the second Sunday in March F
Scotland?
&
3) What opportunity do people have
on the 1st of January?
c) a leek or a daffodil c
t-
4) What do many patriotic Welshmen d) to see friends and wish them z,
rl'l
wear on St. David's Day? "Happy New Year!" E
lrj
5) When is Mothering Sunday? e) Hogmannay h,

6) What do children do to help their f) New Year's Day o.

L
mothers on Mothering Sunday?
..f,
ffXfl qI Reftl the text.
$flXXI Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

I
I
rc"-*ff"k rpranyrcuur (ronrourana) rprnilcrHrar (rneaep)
['Jamro:k] -
rpittqn
-
trinity ['trrnrti] - rpol4Lla
- nocrt4Tbcfl
to fast [fo:st] - nocrt4Tl4
-
resurrection [,reza'reklan] - socxpecinHn - BocKpeceHile
grave Igrerv] Morilna; nepeH. cMeprb - Morfina'' nepeH' cMeprb
-
Iimnet take ['srmnal] - eennxogHift KeKc - nacxafibHbtfr xexc BaHHbl
to sunbathe ['s,tnberd] - nprfiuarh coHs'{Hi BaHHil - npyHtlMarb ConHeqHble
candyfloss ['kandrflos] - LlyKpoBa Bara - caxapHan Bara
stick of rock - AoBra LlyKepKa - AnfiHHan xouQera
to sport [spo:t] - Hoc14rt4, LltlKyBaru - Hocl4rb' uleronFrb
carnival ['ko:nrvel] - KapHaBan - KapHaBan
ribbon ['rrban] - crPiuxa - neHra
to drape [drerpl - cnaAarr - Hilcnagarb
apex ['erpeks] - eepxiexa - BepxyulKa
to weave [wi:v] - TKarh, cnnirarr - rKarb' nnecrr
sales ['serlz] - po3npoEax pacnpoAaxa
'- -(qeLueaa) noKynKa BblroAHan (geLueean) noxynxa
n"rgrii i;Uo,g,n] at,1rigHa -
to g]g out baigain hunting - Brlpyutarr 3a aeLileBrMfi noKynKaMil - ornpaBflFrbct
3a AeuleBblMH noKynKaMh

gEH| f Check yoursetf:

down the lJkrainian equlu'arenis"
to wear shamrocks in the buttorfcles, demonstration of the trinity, Christ's
-ffi|tte return
the grave,
from fasting in the desert a symbol of rebirth. christ's resurrection from
to

receive chocolate eggs, to bake a scec ally decorated "simnel" cake

b) Write down the English equivalents:

qyxPoBY BarY Ta AoBrl
nepenoBHeHril rypracraMil, nprfruarr coHRqHi BaHHh' Tcrr
LlyKepKvl, HOct4rl'l qepBOHy TpOflHAy, pO3npoAax' AeLleBa noKynKa

c) Write down the foltowing English words and word-combinations after the teacher'
Translate them into Ukrainian:
shamrocks, trinity, fast, simnel cake, candyfloss, stick of rock, bargain, apex

@ Read and transtate the text.

 HOLIDAYS IN THE UK
17th March. St. Patrick's Day
- this is a
special day for St. Patrick the patron saint of
lreland. lt is a bank holiday in lreland but not
Great Britain. On this day lrishmen wear
shamrocks in their buttonholes. The
shamrock was St. Patrick's demonstration of
the trinity to the lrish.
Good Friday
- this is the Friday before
Easter and has a different date each year. lt
is a Christian holiday celebrating Christ's
re:urn from fasting in the desert. lt is a bank
holiday and many people spend the day trai'elrng to visit friends or relatives for the
weekend.
Easter Sunday this is the second Sunoay a'ier the ftrst new moon in spring. The
-
traditional emblem of Easter is the egg.a symbo, c'rebirth and Christ's resurrection
from the grave. Children recerve chocolate eggs very often and sometimes the eggs
are hidden in the garden for the children to find. lvlany pecple go to church on Easter
Sunday to celebrate. Many families bake a specially decoraled simnel" cake to be eaten
on this day.
Easter Monday
the seaside. The -
roads
this is a bank holiday and a very popular time for families to visit
are very busy in the morning. lf the weather is good then the
seaside towns at Brighton, Margate and Blackpool in particular are crowded with tourists.
W*t&
&*
The beaches are full of people sunbathing and eating candyfloss or sticks of rock'
23rd April. St. George's Day this is the national day of St. George, the patron saint
-
of England. On this day many people sport a red rose on their jackets. it is not an
**
official bank holiday.
May Day the first Monday in May is always
-
a bank holiday. Many towns have a colourful m
carnival in the streets on May Day. Special
dancers known as Morris dancers, dressed in b
LeJ
brightly decorated costumes, wave their sticks and e,

dance special routines accompanied by bell

ringing. ln the centre of many towns and villages
I

v]
a may pole is erected which has coloured ribbons
(trapped from its apex. Children dance around
the pole weaving the ribbons into a pattern. The
day is spent as a celebration of the end of winter.
is a holiday which is often the first
Spring Bank Holiday
- the last Monday in May
day of the sales in the shops. Many people go out bargain hunting on this day. Others
visit their families or friends and this is a popular day to visit the seaside.
Fathers' Day (third Sunday in June) Although fathers' day is not taken as seriously
-
as Mothering Sunday, many fathers will wake up to cards or presents on this day, served
with breakfast-in-bed.

Answer the questions.

1. When is Sf. Patdck's Day?
2. What do lrishmen wear on this daY?

143
 3. When is Good Friday?
4. When is Easfer Sunday? '
5. What is the traditional emblem of Easter?
6. What kind of cake do many families bake?
7. When is Easfer Monday?
8. When is Sf. George's Day?
9. What do many people do on Sf. George's Day?
10. /s Sf. George's Day an official bank holiday?
11. When is May Day?
12. When is Sprlng Bank Holiday?
13. What do people do on this day?
14. When is Fathers' Day?

Tffiffi Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

fffTlF Comptete the senfences, using the text, translate them.

1. The traditional emblem of Easter is

2. Children receive chocolate

3. The roads are very

4. The beaches are full of

fSf{l Fitt in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:
to receive, to hide, to sport

Children chocolate eggs very often.

 2. Sometimes the eggs in the garden for the children
to find.
3. For this day many people a red rose on their jackets.

K'rery choose the correct endings of the senfences. consu lt the text. (J
z,
1. On Easter Day the eggs are hidden (3
a) in the house. <[
b) in the forest. ru
c) in the garden.
2. Many families bake a specially decorated X
\J
a) "simnel" pie.
b) "simnel" cake.
c) "simnel" bun.
3. On St. George's Day many people
a) sport a red rose on their jackets
b) sport a red tulip on their jackets.
c) sport a yellow daffodil on their jackets.
4. Spring Bank Holiday is the tast Monday
a) in March.
b) in April.
c) in May.

F Make up diatogues, using the guesfions berow and your own

ones.
1. When rs Sf. Pafrick's Day?
2. What do lrishmen wear on this day?
3. When is Good Friday?
4. When is Easfer Sunday?
5. What is the traditional emblem of Easter?
6. What kind of cake do many families bake?
7. When is Easfer Monday?
8. When is Sf. George's Day?
9. What do many people do on Sf. George's Day?
10. When is May Day?
11. When is Fathers' Day?
NOTES

rcnWhen isAnswer the questions, using the prompt.

1. St. Patrick's Day? a)3rd Sunday in June
2. What do lrishmen wear on this day? b) 17th March
3. When is Good Friday? c) 1st Monday in May
 4. When is Easter Sunday? d)23rd April
5. What is the traditional eimblem of e)Monday after Easter Sunday
Easter?
6. When is Easter Monday? f) an egg
7. When is St. George's Day? g)Friday before Easter
8. When is May Day? h)2nd Sunday after the first new
moon in spring
9. When is Fathers' Day? i) shamrocks in the buttonholes

ffi{fff Retett the text.

ffffifEl Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

b
 III r
*ffiqwn Read*; 2?::?2: ?,J[,I?i ff,i::Rr
thistle ['Orst] qoprononox, 6ygnx qeprononox
-
stocking ['stokrg] -
pispenHa naHqoxa poxAecraeHcxilfi qyfloK
- radio ['bro:dko:st] - 3BepraHHff no
broadcast on TV and rene6a.{eHH}o ra paAro
obpaqeure no refleBrlAeHilrc v pa1vjo- -
to be feasting and merry making Becen!4rr4cb ra 6enxeryaarr Becenhrbcg
h npa3AHoBarb - -
alms-box ['o:mzbnks]
- xopo6xa
to distribute Idr'strrbju:t]
AflF MhnocrrHi
po3AaBarfi - xopo6xa Eflff Mr4flocrbrHr4
pa3AaBarb
-
to be financially disadvantaged -
[,drsad'r,o:rr:cac, _ 6yrn y eiHancoaira cxpyri _
6urru e $rHaxcoaoM 3arpygHeHhh

WX Check yoursetf:
a) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:
to be out of doors, to wear a thistle. patron saint of Scoiland. Christmas Eve, stocking

b) Write down the English equivalents:

o6N,liHoearhcn noAapyHKaMh, qneHil poAr4Hr4, pisgsnne 3BepraHHq no rene6aqeHHo,
6eHxeryaarr4 Ta Becenvruc+, xopobxa Ane Mhnocrnui, posgaBa\v w
i*
tr.l
T-

c) Write down the following English words and word-combinations after the teacher.
Translate them into Ukrainian: c
t*
thistle, broadcast on TV and radio, exchange gifts, members of the family, stocking, Z
lrl
to be feasting and merry making, alms-box, to distribute, be financially disidvantaged
E
Lr.l
J
o-
f
fft{ X Read and transtate the text. o
HOLIDAYS IN THE UK
Summer Bank Holiday the last Monday in August has always
been the most busy of the- holidays on the roads. As the weather in
Britain is often very good in August, many people travel to the seaside
or to the mountains or the forest on this day. lt is a day for being
cut of doors with your family arid for celebrating summer.
Last Sunday in September. Grandparents' Day is not a
bank holiday but is a special day when grandparents - this
receive gifts
irom their grandchildren and possibly great-grandchildren.
30th November. st. Andrew's Day this is not a bank
- although
roliday it is a day of celebration for scottish people all over the world.
cften they wear a thistle on this day as this is the national emblem of
Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland.
24th December. Christmas Eve is not a bank holiday but
- this
it is the beginning of Christmas week. ln the evening many families
will have a party and the children will put stockings at the ends
of their beds in the hope that Father Christmas will visit during the
nig ht.
25th December. Christmas Day without doubt the most popular
- bank
holiday of the year. lt is an official holiday and most people
will travel to be with their families for this day. A special meal is
eaten in the afternoon. ln the morning many people go to church
and later exchange gifts with members of their family. At 3.00 the
Queen gives a special Christmas broadcast on TV and radio.
The evenrng is often spent feasting and merry making.
26th December. Boxing Day a bank holiday, this is a day for visiting friends
and for watching sports matches.- ltalso
is generally much quieter than Christmas Day. The
origin of the name is said to be from alms-boxes which collected money or gifts from
people and where distributed on this day.

@| Answer the questions.

1. When is Summer Bank Holiday?
2. What is the weather in Britain in August?
3. When is Grandparents' Day?
4. When is Sf. Andrew's Day?
5. /s lf a bank holiday?
6. What is the national emblem of Scotland?
7. What do people wear on St. Andrew's Day?
8. When is Christmas Eve?
9. When is Christmas Day?
10. What is the most popular way of spending this day?
11. What do British people do on Christmas Day?
12. When does Queen give a special Christmas broadcast on TV and radio?
13. When is Boxing Day?
14. is it a bank holiday?

m ln Put questions on the text. tJse different types of questions.

K* il Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

 1. St. Andrew is the
2. Christmas Eve is not a bank holiday but
3. The children will put
4. A special meal is eaten

WFiltinthegaps,usingthecorrectformsoftheVerbsinbrackets,
1. ln the evening many families (to have) a party
and the children (to put) stockings at the ends
of their beds in the hope that Father Christmas (to visit) them during the night.
2. A special meal (to be eaten) in the afternoon.
3. At 3.00 the Queen (to give) a special Christmas
Broadcast on TV.

f#ml Choose the correct endings of the senfences. Consu tt the text.
1. Summer Bank Holiday is
a) the last Wednesday in August. ffiruiffi
b) the last Sunday in August.
c) the last Monday in August. W
2. The national emblem of Scoiland
a) is a thistle. ruffi
b) is a leek. **
c) is a daffodil. t,,J
3. A special meal is eaten **
a) in the morning.
b) in the afternoon. rA
c) in the evening. (*-
x,
i.&I
fffi Make up dialogues, using the guesfions of rask 4 and your own lr,l
ones. kl
NOTES
3
V'

IfffiKftI Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1. When is Summer Bank Holiday? 1) 25th December
2. What is fhe weather in Britain in August? 2) 26th December
3. When is Grandparents' Day? 3) 24th December
4. When is St. Andrew's Day? 4) a thistle
5. What is the national emblem of Scoiland? 5) 30th November
6. When is Christmas Eye celebrated? 6) last Sunday in September
7. When is Christmas Day celebrated? 7) very good
8. When is Boxing Day celebrated? B) last Monday in August
 W Reten the text.

ffim Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

 t.^3$:r, A s
wffiK Rea d,*u ; I35,1?i:t
in earnest ['s:nrst] mym peanbHo
3,1" ,,95,

Advent ['redvant] - npiluecrq - sd. peanbHo

npfiruecrBfie
calendar -
['kalrnda] KaneHgap - KaneHAapb
-
to reveal Irr'vi:l] aipxprsarvcfl- orKpbtBarbcn
to burn away [bs:n] - 3roparr - croparb
tinsel ['trnsal] - -
Aou-1,1K, 6nrcxirxn
-
garland ['go:land] ripnnxga - AoxArlK, 6n0croqxr
rhpnFHAa
bauble ['bc:bal] - qpi6nr,rvKa - Menoqb
-
frantically ['frantrkali] -
HecrFr,4Ho
to wrap [repJ 3aroprarh - - 6ecnaunrHo
3aBopaqHBarb
mess [mes] -cnyx6a -
cnyx6a
-
Christmas Eve ['krrsmas] - Cesrilta aevip (nanepego4xi piegea) Cegroti Beqep
(HaxaHyxe Poxgecrea) - -
mince pie ['mrns'par]
Father Christmas -lig conogxrfi
Mopos
nrapixor
leg - cnagxNr,t nHpoxoK rffi4t
parsnip ['pa:snrp] - nacrepHaK - racrepHaK
Mopos eultB.ffi
-
Brussels sprout ['br,rsl,spraut] - 6proccenbcbKa Kanycra 6proccenbcKag Kanycra ffire
KqreI
to soak lsaok]
- npocol{yBarv -
- npocaqilBarb - w4w,
rcrl
'5ffi,ejw&ffiw
hence lhens]
- orox;xpeuteHHc
Epiphany [r'prfani]
saigcr
- vraK', orcrcEa
KpeqeHre
t13
t-
-
Frankincense ['fregkrn,sens] -
na,qaH, naxoqi
Myrrh [me:] Milppa -
Milppa - naAaH, apoMar lr I
t*
- -
Wa) Match the Ukrainian equivalents
check yoursetf:
with the English words and word-combinations. &*
Fill in the table: Z,
lrJ
a-
1 2.- 3.- 4- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.- 10.- UJ
*J

1) Christ a) nprxpauarr
2) Christian b) niaHiv (npo vac) v3
3) Christmas c) nponosNqin
4) Father Christmas d) lin Mopos
5) Christmas Eve e) uaqioHanbHe cBnro
6) Santa Clause f) Canrrail eevip
7) national holiday g) Xpracroc
B) midnight h) Pieganuuil AiA, !i4 Mopos
9) proposal i) Pisgeo
10) to decorate j) xprcrranxcuxril
b) Write down the English equivalents:
3 noqarKy, paxyBarr, Konbopoewil, nnratn cnarn, cKllFHKa Xepecy, noAapyHoK,
penirirZHrN, oco6nilaicrb, Moxnt4Bicrs, gapyearN
 c)
Write down the following English words and word-combinations after the teacher:
to burn away, mince pie, garland, to soak, in earnest, Epiphany, parsnip, Myrrh, to
wrap, frantically

d) Read the vtords written above (Task 2c) and translate them into Ukrainian.

ffi Read and translate the text.

THE HOLIDAY OF CHR'STMAS
Christmas season. This season begins
usually around six weeks before Christmas Day.
It starts in earnest on '1st December with the
beginning of Advent. This is the time of the year
in the Christian calendar when we count down
the days to Jesus' birth. Many families carry on
this tradition by having a calendar with 24 doors
on it. One for each day of December up until
Christmas Eve. Each day a door is opened and
a picture is revealed, sometimes a chocolate is
also behind the door. Another tradition is an
Advent candle. lt is marked with the numbers one to twenty four and each day a section
is burned away.
Families often buy Christmas trees around a month before Christmas and it is decorated
with tinsel, garlands, baubles, small decorations, sweets, coloured lights or candles.
This is also the time of the year when people start to send Christmas cards to one
a noth er,
Christmas Eve. This day is not a national holiday, although many people will usually
take time off from work. Often the day is spent frantically shopping for last minute
presents or hurriedly wrapping children's gifts.
ln the evening many families stay at home, playing games or perhaps watching
television. Many families go to church for midnight mess, this is a simple service which
starts at midnight and is a symbol of the world waiting for the birth of Jesus.
The last thing to do before going to bed on Christmas Eve is to hang up your stocking
at the end of your bed and to leave a "mince pie" and a glass of sherry on the table
for Father Christmas to eat when he comes visiting!
Christmas Day. This day always starts early. Children get out of bed quickly and look
to see if Father Christmas has been. lf they are lucky they will find many gifts in their
stockings. Oranges, nuts, sweets, small toys etc. They will also look under the tree where
they may find the presents which they hope that Santa brought with him the night before
Also there are many goodies to be prepared in the kitchen for Christmas dinner. Most
families spend the morning unwrapping presents, which are covered with coloured paper.
before going to church for a family service. Even people who are not religious go to
church on Christmas Day as it is a tradition.

152
 After the church service, the families return home to an enormous Christmas dinner.
This meal usually consists of a large goose or piece of beef which is roasted in the oven
with Brussels sprouts, peas, carrots, parsnips, roast potatoes and mashed potatoes.
This meal is usually followed by Christmas pudding, a rich dark plum pudding. The meal
usually lasts many hours and often it is accompanied by fine wine and the pulling of
crackers.
After Christmas dinner families generally watch the Queen's speech on television.
This is always at 3.00 o'clock on BBC 1.
At tea time not a lot is eaten, but the specialties for tea are mince pies made from
sweet mincemeat, a mixture of dry fruits. followed by Christmas cake. This-is a rich fruit
cake which is soaked with wrne and decorated with lettering or pictures. The evening
is mostly spent relaxing and playing games.
Boxing Day. The origin of the name Boxrng Day" has two possibilities. The first is
that this is the day that'alms boxes'. these are boxes rn church where people place
money or gifts of food, are distributed to old people or to poor people.
The second proposal is that this is a day for sport. either horse racing, football matches
or boxing, hence the name. At any event this is a day for visiting friends or relatives
and celebrating wlth them. Along with Christmas Day this is a national holiday.
The twelve days of Christmas. The Christmas holiday is said to last for twelve days

re
and on the twelfth day, 6th January, the tree and the decorations must be removed from
the streets and houses. This day is called Epiphany and is said to be the day that the
three wise man brought presents of Gold Frankincense and Myrrh to the baby Jesus.
rn
E TllWI Answer fhe gues tions. F.
X
1. What is the season before Christmas called? lr..t
2. When does if start? t-
3. Do families often buy Christmas trees around a month before Christmas? cc:
4. How are houses in Britain decorated at Christmas? (r
5. ls Christmas Eye a national holiday? t-
6. /s fhls day spent frantically shopping for last minute presents? Z,
lr.J
7. What do many families do on this day in the evening? E
lrJ
8. Do many families go to church? *I
9. What is the last thing to do before going to bed on Christmas Eve? o-
A.
10. Does Christmas Day start early?
'11. Do children get out of bed quickly and look fo see if Father Christmas has been?
tn
12. Will children also look under the tree where they may find the presenfs which they
hope Santa Clause brought them the night before?
13. What does Chrlstmas dinner consist of?
14. Who can be seen and heard all over Britain at 3 o'clock on Christmas Day?
15. What is fhe origin of the name "Boxing Day"?
16. What are the boxes in church for?
17. ls Christmas Day a national holiday?
18. What presenfs did Jesus receive from the three wise men at Epiphany?

f#f{m Put questions on the text. tJse different types of questions.

IE[tt Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.
1. Christmas Season begins usually around
2. It starts in earnest on
3. Families often buy Christmas trees
4. Christmas Eve is not a national holiday, although many people

5. ln the evening many families

6. The last thing to do before going to bed on Christmas eve is

7. On Christmas Day children get out of bed quickly and

8. lf they are lucky they

9. After the church service, the families
10. After Christmas dinner families generally

WFitlinthegaps,usingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox:
to begin, to start, to carry on, to buy, to be, to stay, to play, to watch,
to get out, to look, to see, to return

This season usually around six weeks before

Christmas Day.
 2. lt in earnest on 1st December with the beginning
of Advent.
3. Many families this tradition by having a calendar
with 24 doors on it.
4. Families often Christmas trees around a month
before Christmas.
5. This day not a national holiday.
6. ln the evening families at home,
games or perhaps
television.
7. Children of bed ouickly and
to if Father Christmas. ,

8. After the church service, the families home to

an enormous Christmas dinner. w-,)
9. The Queen's speech always at 3.00 o'clock on BBC 1. ffi$Irffiffi
W'
ffiMatchtheendingsofthesentences.Fittinthetabte, Wffi
1- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- W 1*
1. This season begins usually around a)many people will usually take time off
from work. u
2. This is the time of the year in the b)to an enormous Christmas dinner.
Christian calendar when
3. Another tradition is c) look to see if Father Christmas has been. {3;
4. This is also the time of the year d)it is accompanied by fine wine and the W:*
&,
lr
when pulling of crackers. t

5. This day is not a national holiday, e)six weeks before Christmas Day. r4"J
although *.,
6. Children get out of bed quickly and f) an Advent candle.
7. After the church service, the g)we count down the days to Jesus'
families return home birth.
B. The meal usually lasts many hours h)people start to send Christmas
and to one another.

ffi Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1. When do families often buy Christmas trees? a) Boxing Day
2. When do many families stay at home playing b) 6th January
games or watching TV?
3. When do most families spend the morning unwrapping c) Christmas Eve
presents, which are covered with coloured paper?
4. When do people place money or gifts of food in the d) Christmas Day
boxes in church?
5. When must the tree and the decorations be removed e) Christmas season
from the streets and houses?
f#Kn Make up diatogues, usin g the guesfions below and your own
ones.
1. What is the season before Christmas called?
2. How are houses decorated at Christmas?
3. What does Christmas dinner consist of?
4. Who can be seen and heard all over Britain at 3 o'clock on Christmas Day?
5. What presents did Jesus Christ receive from the three wise men at Epiphany?
A/OrES

fEH I Retel the text.

r#Irfxx Read,,o -"sj ; ::itr L?j,t"?T,3,}3,-
Stratford-on-Avon ['stratfadan'ervan Crpar$opg-Ha-Eriaoni Crpareopp
Ha-3ileoHe
]
- -
to occur [a'ks:] Marv vicqe, rpannflThcg
gentle ['dSentl] - cnoxifrHui, cnoror,trurr,r
- cflyqarbcn, nporcxoAr4rb
thatch IOat5] - conoM'exHri -(gax) conoMenHan (xpulua)
-
to mention ['menJan] sra4yBarr - ynoMhHarb
successful Isak'sesial]- ycniur,uh - ycneuxurfi
probably ['prnbabli] -HaneBHo, oqeBfiAHo
- BepoFrHo
-
to pull down_ [pull 3Hoo4rr (6ygianro) - cHoo4rb (spaHrae)
to bury ['beri] xoBarh- xopoHhrb -
bust [bnst] - -
- 6rccr
leather ['teOa] - 6rccrKoxa
uxipa
to pour [pc:] - Nant/1larn-
- - HantlBarb
ffi f cnecx yoursei:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words. Filt in the tabte:
1 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.-
9.- o- 11 12- 13.- 14- 15.- (n
t*
1) to pour a) sragyearN
X
tr,
2) to occur b) uicqe HapoAxeHHff F,.
3) leather c) o,.qpyxenrara
4) thatch d) qepxea €
5) bust e) sa umnrc po t-
6) successful f) rrrarr rr,ticqe Z
lr,
7) to bury g) cnoxirZHrtZ E
B) probably h) conorr,r'nHNra (gax)
rrJ
*t
9) to pull down l) ycniLuHnra o-
o-
10) to mention j) 3Hoo4n4 (6ygienrc) 3
11 ) birthplace k) Haneeno o
12) gentle l) xoearra
13) married m)6rccr
14) church n) Luripa
15) a mlle out of o) Hanraarr
b) Write down the English equivalents:
ycniuxui, cofloM'nnr,ri, cnoKiitauh, Maril n,ticqe,3a Milfl1o Ao, qepKBa, n,1icqe
-.rapoAxeHHn, 3raAyBarr, u:ripa, 6rccr, HaneBHo, xoBaril, 3HocHTH

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents:

to occur, leather, thatch, bust, successful, to pull down, birthplace, a mile out of, genle,
probably, to pour, to bury, married

re Read and translate the text.

STRATFORD.ON.AVON
April 23 is Shakespeare's birthday and is
also the day he died. Both events occured
at Stratford-on-Avon, a small town in the
centre of England. There are no mountains
or deep valleys near Stratford, but there are
beautiful woods, green fields, a quiet gentle
river the winding Avon and lovel,
- -
houses, black and white with thatched roofs
The first place visitors go to in Stratford is
Shakespeare's birthplace, a small house wit-
small rooms in the centre of the town. Here
they can see the very room where
Shakespeare was born. Some people whc
had visited the house had written their names on the walls. lt seems a wrong thing tc
do, but among the names are Walter Scott, Dickens and Thackeray.
ln one room there is a little wooden desk, the very desk that Shakespeare sat at whe-
he went to the grammar school in Stratford. Behind the house, there is a garden. Her:
the visitors can see all the flowers, trees and plants that are mentioned in Shakespeare s
plays.
When Shakespeare became successful in London, he bought the biggest house i'
Stratford, a house called New Place. Here he probably wrote his last plays and here
he died. But there is nothing left of it but a few bricks and the garden. The man wh:
owned it, Mr.Castrell, was so angry that so many people came to see the house that h=
pulled it down.
Then the visitors go to the church where
Shakespeare is buried. There is a bust of
Shakespeare that was made by a Dutch
sculptor who lived near Shakespeare "Globe"
Theatre and must have seen Shakespeare
many times.
You can also go across the field, about a
mile out of Stratford, to Anne Hathaway's
Cottage. Anne Hathaway was the woman whom
Shakespeare married, and the cottage is just
as it was in Shakespeare's time. There are the
old chairs by the fireplace, where Shakespeare
must have sat, the plates from which he probably ate his dinner, and a Ieather boti:
out of which Anne poured beer for him.
Then the visitors can have a look at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, a big moder-
building. They say that it is the best stage in England.
ffi1' Answer the questions.
when are shakespeare's birthday and the day of his death?
2. Where did both /hese events occur?
1. What can you telt about the nature near Stratford?
4' what is the first place visifors go to in Stratford? What can you
say about it?
5. What famous people visited the house?
6. Where did Shakespeare write his last ptays?
7. Where was Shakespeare buried?
8' who was Anne Hathaway? what does her cottage took tike?

WPutquestionsonthetext.(Jsedifferenttypesofquestions.

ffi complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.

1. April 23 is Shakespeare,s birthday and
erl
6-
}C
2. Stratford-on-Avon is a small town Lr."l
F-
3. There are no mountains or deep valleys near Stratford,
but there are

4. Some people who had visited the house had written t*

a2
tu
5. When Shakespeare became successful in London. he
r
L
t&J
*l
6. Then the visitors can have a look at the Royal Shakespeare
Theatre, a big modern
building. They say w

e Fitl in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:
to become, to write, to own, to buy, to die, to come, to cail, to be, prt-ooil
to
1. When Shakespeare successful in London, he
the biggest house in Stratford, a house
New Palace.
2. Here he probably hislast plays and here he...
3. But there nothing.left of it but a few bricks and the

I
 garden.
4. The man who it, Mr.Castrell,
so angry that so many people
to see the house that he
it

ryfi{ I Rebtt the text.

EfFI{ f Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

ffire
peninsula
Read and memorize the fottowing words:
niaocrpia
[pr'nrnsj<;la] nonyocrpoB
to separate ['seperert] - posginArv- pa3Aenerb
cliff [khf] cKeng
-
cKana
-
-
to retreat Irr'tri:t] - eigcrynarv, orcrynarb
- pos6rre eificuro
beaten army ['bi:tn] - pas6raroe aor4cxo
-
to feed Ifi:a] roAyBaru; nacrrcb -
mutton ['ma.tn]- 6apaxuHa - KopMr/Tb; nacrilcb
6apaHrxa
snowlike blossom - l'blosam] - 6inocHixHe qeiriuHn 6enocnexHoe LlBereHre
hop Ihop] xviru xMeflb
- -
-
to dry [drar] cyuvlL4- cyll.lhrb
- -
ffi check yourself:
a) Match the words with their definitions. Fill in the table:
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- tr 6.- 7.- 8.- o_

1) peninsula a) to move backwards in order to leave a battle

2) cliff b)to give food to a person or an animal
3) mutton c) to stop being together ql,
4) to separate d) meat from an adult sheep F.
5) to feed e)a tall climbing plant with flowers LU
6) hop f) to make something dry, not wet t*
7) to dry g) a mass of flowers, especially in fruit trees
B) blossom h)an area of land that is almost surrounded by water <r
9) to retreat i) a high, very steep area of rock, especially next to the sea i-
Z
lIJ
b) Write down the English equivalents: xlrJ
niaocrpie, pos4innru, cKens, eigcrynaru, pos6rre eiicsxo, ro.qyBaru/nacrNCs, *l
6apaHuHa, 6inocnixse qairiuun, xMinb, cyruurt4 &-
o.
.n

c) Write down the following English words and word-combinations after the teacher,
translate them:
hop, to dry, peninsula, snowlike blossom, to separate, mutton, cliff, to feed, to retreat,
beaten army

d) Write down the Ukrainian equivalents for the fo low i n g word-co m b n ati o n s :
I i

the land first seen by visitors, to pass through, to wash away the coast, as much as
three feet a year, snowlike blossom, harvest time
ffi Read and translate the text.

KENT: THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND

Kent is a peninsula in the south-east
corner of England. You can find it or
the map. Kent is the nearest Englisi
county to the Continent. Only thirty-five
kilometres of water separate it fron'
France. On a clear day it is possible tc
see the white cliffs across the Englisl-
Channel. The Romans, led by Julius
Caesar, first landed in Kent. Today lt is
the land first seen by most visitors fron'
Europe, and it is the county best knowr'
to them, as they pass through it on their
way to London.
No place in Kent is far from the sea. Slowly the waves wash away the coast of Kent
in some places as much as three feet a year. ln other places the sea has retreated
like a beaten army.
The lolv hills running east and west are called the North Downs. They are coverec
with short grass, which feeds thousands of sheep. Kent gives the English people woo
and mutton.
Kent is usually called the Garden of England. Lots of vegetables, fruits and flowers
grown in the gardens of Kent are taken to London. Kent is famous for apples and plums
but especially for cherries, ln early spring you can see miles of cherry-trees in snowlike
blossom.
Autumn is the time to visit hop gardens in Kent. The hop farmer has much work tc
do all the year round, but when the harvest time comes, he has more work than he anc
his family can do by themselves. Each September thousands of men and women, boys
and girls are busy gathering the fruit of the hop-plant. The hops are gathered into large
baskets and taken to be dried.

ffiCompletethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem.
1. Kent is a peninsula
2. Ona clear day it is possible to see the white cliffs across

3, The Romans, Ied by Julius Caesar,

4. No place in Kent is
5. Kent is famous for

effiffi Answer the questions.

Where is Kent?
How far is Kent from France?
What does Kent give to the English people?
Why is Kent called the Garden of England?
What are people busy with in Kent in autumn?
 Krc put questions on the text. rJse different
types of questions.

ffi1. Kent Mabh the endings of the sentences.

is the nearest
2. Only 35 kilometres of water
3. ln other places the sea
4. The low hills running east and west
5. Lots of vegetables, fruits and flowers
a) separate it from France.
b) are called the North Downs.
c) are taken to London.
d) has retreated like a beaten army.

W
e) English county to the Continent.
grown in the gardens of Kent

ffiMakeupdialogues,usingthequestionsofTask5andyourown &&
L-*
ones.
NOTES
F-

(*
€^
'e"!
*',
*-.,
ff,ffi Divide the text into logicalty compteted parts and give L"t-
the titte to 3
each of them. $,
IEKWW Reteu the text.

mK Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

I
 LA N D
rcffi
moor Im<-ra]
Re a dJ*
BepecoBe nycrr4qe
**i?,: ?:"lj/,y?,,ffi 5T:
BepecKoBae nycrotxb
bay [ber] -
3arara nrortlHa -
unfarmable -
- l,.rr'io:mabl] HenprgarHuh gna Seprraepcrea Henphrognutfi gnr
- -
Qepuepcraa
to frequent .':ri:ks'ant] - ,racro aigaigyaaril - qacro noceu-larb
to strand lstrand] - cicrr ua uinrHy - cecrb Ha Menb
throughout IOru:'a<,rt] BctoAr Be3Ae
to contain ikan'ternl - - uicruru -(e co6i) cogepxaru (s ce6e)
ancient ier;r-ant] -
EaeHiil, crapoAaBHiil - gpeaxril
-
to worship Is'::{rp] - noKfloHffTLtcF - noKfloHnrbct
outcrop :acitkrtp) oroneHHn nopig
- oroneHre nopoA
tor '::: - cxenscra- BepuilHa narop6a cKanilcran BepuilHa xonMa
Derbyshire I do:brJral -
midlanders ['mrdlendaz]- .[ep6iu.tvp -,!ep6utLurp
fi[ogr4, lt1o xr4Byrb B Llerpanbnrax rpa$creax AHrnii
-
,roA,4. Koropbre xrByr B LleHrpanuHutx rpaQcrBax AnrnrN
-
the Pennines
hazard
['panarnz]
':a5o:dJ - ilenHinrnpennrcrBfie
nepeuKoAa
- fleuunnut
amount :naont]- xinuxicrb - Kon[qecrBo -
-
@l check yoursetf:
a) fv,latch the lJkrainian equivalents with the English words. Fill in the table.
,1

2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.- 9.-

10 - 11 12- 13.- 14.- 15.- 16.- 17- R-
1) va r ety a) snaxognrN
z) to orvn b) cxoxrft na
3) mo0r c) ecngn
4) VdSL d) ropva
5) bay e) 6esxpatil
6) unfarrnable f) pi:rouaxirHicru
7) priso n g)aonogirla
B) occastonally h) eepecoae nycrtll.t1e
e) to f req uent i) sarara
10) throughout j) ixogi, vac sig vacy
11) medium k) ronoeHnM q14HoM
12) to contain l) vacro aigaipyaarr
13) similar to m)cepeguifi
14) to worship n)vicrrrr (a co6i)
15) outcrop o) noxnonrrrcu
16) to discover p)oroneHnn nopig
17) mainly q)nxcgr, u-lo xr/Byrb B qeHrpanbHfix
rpaQcraax AHrniT
1B) midlanders r) nenprgarnrfr Eo $epnaepcraa
 b) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English word-combinations:
1) wide variety a) xeobuexeni npocropn
2) the Forestry Commission b) air,rcsroai Has,taxxs
3) military exercises c) qinr.rri pir
4) as the name suggests d) xinuxicru Aoutie
5) vast stretches e) alrrnngarr crpaxirnuao
6) less ancient history f) errnn4arr no-oco6nfiBoMy
7) "Backbone of England" g) r.,reHu crapoEaBHn icropin
B) the rolling countryside h) narop6rcra uicqeaicru
9) to look foreboding i) senrxa pisuouaHirnicru
10) amount of rain j) xpe6er Anrnil'
11) to look individual k) Kor'ricin s nicoaoro rocno4apcrBa
12) all the year round l) rx ceigvHrb Ha3Ba
c) Write down the following English words and word-combinations after the teacher.
Translate them into Ukrainian:
wide vartety, the Forestry comission, moor, vast stretches of wet ground or bays,
occasionally, the "Backbone of England", to be frequented by campers and sheep, medium
sized "post boxes", less ancient history, Iarge granite outcrcps individual looking red
stone, the rolling countryside, however, main weather hazard

rlt
u"a

tx-
Read and translate the text. ?1-
t*
u
NATIONAL PARKS IN ENGLAND I: I

The U K conia ns a wide variety of *

national parks a I of which have different r-"{
names. N'luch cf the area of the parks is
owned by e :rer tne National trust or the m
Forestry Commrssion.
ln the scurn-west of England, Dartmoor
is the largest of three parks, its area is
over 2 5CC sq.km. and as the name
suggests li is a moor. This means that
there are vast stretches of very wet ground
or bays vyhich are unfarmable. There are
villages around Dartmoor park and the
famous Princeton Prison near the centre.
Some of the land in the north is occasionally used for military exercises but generally
it's frequented by only campers or sheep. The rveather changes very quickly over the
moor and many people have died after being stranded in the fog. Hidden throughout
the moor are small or medium sized "post boxes" these boxes contain a stamp and a
visitors book. lf you are lucky enough to find one then you may write your name in the
book. Over the last 50 years over 5,000 of these boxes have been hidden and discovered
Also in the south-west are Exmoor and Bodmin moor, they are both similar to Dartmoor
but much smaller and with less ancient history, for it is thought that thousands of years
ago Druids worshipped on these moors, amongst large granite outcrops or tors.
ln the heart of the country lies the Peak
District national park. This lies mainly in
Derbyshire. With its individual looking red
stone, this region is very popular with climbers
trying different "routes". lt is a popular region
for midlanders to go on a Sunday afternoon
and many of the rocks or stones have ancient
stories to tell. The hills in this area are not
very high so it is popular with the young and
old alike.
ln the north of England, close to the Lake
District park, is the Pennines. These hills run
down the centre of England from Scotland to
South Yorkshire. They are sometimes known
as the <Backbone of England>.
The hills rise from the rolling countryside into some stark looking peaks. However the
hills look foreboding only and are really a pleasant place to spend summer afternoons.
ln the winter however there is often a lot of snow in this area and roads across the hills
are cut off from time to time; the other main weather hazard in this area is the amount
of rain that falls all the year round

re Answer the questions,

1. What are the three iargest parks in the sou/h-wesf of England?
2. How different are they?
3. What do "post boxes" contain?
4. What is the Peak District national park known for?
5. What lies c/ose fo the Lake District park?
6. What do the hills look like?
7. What are the main weather hazards in the Pennines?

Wmilil Put questions on the text. use different types of questions.

ffiCompletethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem.
1. Much area of the parks is owned by
2. The vast stretches of very wet ground in Dartmoor are
J. lf you find "post boxes", you may
4. The Peak District is very popular
5. The Pennines are known as
6. The Pennines look foreboding only and are

rWFillinthegaps,usingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox:
to use, to be, to run. to contair
1. Some of the land occasionally for military exercises.
2. "Post boxes" a stamp and a visitors book.
3. The Pennines down the centre of England.
4. The main weather hazard the amount of rain.

ffi Answer the questions, using the prompt.

1. Who owns much of the area of the parks? a) the "Backbone of England" {Y
2. What is near the centre of Darlmoor park? b) midlanders
3. What do "post boxes" contain? c) the Princeron Pr son
4. Where ls fhe Peak Districk situated? d) the amount of rain
5. Who enjoys spending Sundays there? e) in the heart of the country
6. How do people usually call the Pennines? f) a stamp and a visitors book &*
7. What is the main weather hazard in the g) the National Trust or the
Pennines? Forestry Comission
-t
Make up dialogues, using the guesfions below and your own
ones"
1. How do English people use the territory of their national parks?
2. Do the tourists like national parks?
3. What is the weather like in Dartmoor and in the Pen n nes? i

NOTES

q'ffi Rebtt the text.

Freffi Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

*ff{.ffie
t;}5I t ?6 R K
Rea d},?; *3,1:,:j ;!ffI?NA
anxious ['enkjas] 3aHenoxoenlrra BcrpeBoxesHsril
property ['propati]- enacHicrb -14MyulecrBo
wind/water mill -airpnnuilleopauuil
- MnhH aerpnuan/eoF,AHaA
ice age ['ars'erd5]- fiboAoBuxoavia nepiog - neAHilKoauril neprog
MenbHLlt.la
-
reservoir ['rezavwo:1 pesepByap -
pe3epByap
beneath Ibr'ni:O] -
Hrxqe Hr{xe
-
surface ['ss:irs] - noBepxHfi- noBepxHocrb
hiking ['larkrgl - niurarZ rypt43M
- neLurfi rypn3M
-
climbing ['klarmrg] anuniui3M - arbnHHil3M
to brew [bru:] -
Bapvrv (nraeo) - Baphrb (nr,lao)
summit ['s,tmrt]- BeprlyHa -
BeprlhHa
- -
fffiWX Check yoursetf:
a) Match the ukrainian equivatents with the English words. Fiil the table:
1 .- 2.- 3.- +.- A

1) ice age a) aapmu (nrao)

2) beneath b) nsopoeraxoefifi nepiog
3) property c) saHenoroeaui,t tl]
4) anxious d) enacHicru &*
5) to brew e) urxve
3e
t. t
F*
b) Write down the English equivalents: >.
eirpnHrri MnilH, anuniHisrvt, noBepxHF, BapilTt4 (nrao), HLlxqe
(-,-
2
tu
c) Write down the U krai n i an eq u ivale nts : {-
F

ice age, reservoir, anxious, property, climbing *"I

&-

c/,
d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into lJkrainian.

fffiWq Read and transtate the text.

LAKE DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK
The National Trust is a charity founded nearly 100
years ago by three people who were anxious that the
natural beauty of the British countryside was not to be
spoiled by the increasing industrialisation of the country.
Today the Trust owns around 2,400 sq.km. of land, it
is the third largest landowner in the country. lts
property includes famous gardens, villages, wind- and
watermills, lakes and mountains, abbeys and ancient
ruins.
 The Lake District is the largest national park in England, one quarter of the land is
owned by the national trust, with a large part of the rest owned by the Forestr;
Commission. As the name suggests, this region of Cumbria is dominated by its lakes
The lakes and the mountains that surround them were formed millions of years ago t.
the ice age. The Iargest lake is Windermere, this is often used for sailing, water-skiing
and other sports. The deepest lake, thought to be the oldest, is Wostwater, over 60 n
deep. One fairly new "lake" is Hawes-water reservoir. This is a man-made lake which
was created by flooding a valley. However, the valley contained a village and there are
many stories of village life continuing under the lake. On stormy nights, the story goes
it is still possible to hear the church bell ringing beneath the surface.
The English lakes is a popular area for
outdoor activities; such as hiking, camping,
climbing and water sports. lt is more popular
for families to visit in the summer and the only
real industry in the region is tourism. One can
spend hours in the towns of Windermere,
Ambleside, Penrith or Keswick just looking at the
clothes made from lakeland wool, sweets from
lakeland farms or drink the special lakeland
beer, brewed by Marstons. The only three
mountains in England are all found in the Lake
District, they are Scafell Pike (977 m.), Hetvetlyn
(9a9 m.) and Skiddaw (931 m.). They can each be climbed easily in a day and very little
specialist equipment is needed. lf the weather is fine, one can see almost to the coas:
of lreland from the summits.

ffi1. Answer the questions.

What do you think is fhe aim of the Nationat Trust?
2. Do you have the National Trust in your country?
3. Why is it important to save areas of outstanding national beauty?
4. ln your opinion, why do people like to walk up high mountains?
5. When is the National Trust founded?
6. Who founded the National Trust?
7. Does the National Trust include famous gardens, villages, mills, lakes, abbeys
and ancient ruins?
8. ls the Lake District the largest or the sma//esf national park in England?
g. The lakes and the mountains were formed millions of years ago in the ice age
weren't they?

ffi'ffilffi Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

 Complete the sentences, using the text, translate them.
1. The largest lake is Windermere, it is often used

2. On stormy nights, the story goes, it is still

3. The English lakes is a popular

ffiFiltinthegaps,usingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.
1. Region of Cumbria (to dominate) by its lakes.
2. lf the weather (to be) fine, one can see almost to
the coast of lreland from the summits.

Match the endings of the sentences. Fiil in the tabte.

1.- 2.- 2

1. The deepest lake is Wostwater, a) over 60 m. deep.

2. One can spend hours in the towns of b) Windermere, Ambleside,
3. The only three mountains in England Penrith or Keswick. {l}
are all found in the Lake District, they are c) Scafell Pike, Helvellyn and Skiddaw. &*

ffi1. Answer the questions, using the prompt.

What region is dominated by the lakes?
&*
p,
a) Scafell Pike
2. What is the largest lake? b) Windermere
3. What is the highest mountain in the Lake District? c) Cumbria *-*

rei
\TJ
ones.
'1. Are there national parks in Great Britain?
2. What can you tell about the Lake District? 3
v)
NOIES

ff.K, W Retett the text.

I Sum up the main information from the text in writing.
 Sl0. ENTERTAINMENT: CINEMA 6ND THEATRE
EffKWK Read and memorize the fottowing words:
entertainment [,enta'ternmant] po3Bara pa3BneqeHile
movie ['mu:vi] -
posM. xiHoQinurr,t - xnxo$unuu
pase.
-
revival [rr'varvel] aigpogxeHHs - Bo3poxAeHile
partly ['po:tli] -
qacrKoBo -
qacrrr{Ho
- -
to convert [ken'vs:t] neperBoprcBarilcfl, eN,tintoearrcn
-
unprofitable [,rn'prcfrtebl] - npeBpaularbcfl,
Heanriguril, Hepeura6enuHrfi
[3MeHFrbcF
neautrognurrl,
xepeHra6enuHsrft
- -
reasonably ['ri:zanabli]
- non,ripuo - cpegHeB flKr,rx rparcrb nonynspHi aKTopr4
mainstream films ['mernstri:m]
- $inurr,rra,
$unurrttur, B Koropbrx !4rpaor nonynnpHbte aKrepbt
-
celebrity lsr'lebrrti]
pantomime ['pantamarm] - 3HaMeHrricrs
naxrouiua - 3HaMeH[Tocrb
whodunnit [,hu:'d,tnrt] - - naHToMhMa AereKTilaxuril poruan/Qransrvr
AereKrHeHrra ponaH/Qinur'r
musical ['mju:zrkal] -Mrc3ilKn, My3r4eHa xor'legin/QinbM-
$Nnuu, Mro3hKn
- - My3brKanbHafl KoMeAilF
mousetrap ['mac;strap] rrttrarLLonoBKa MbrulenoBKa
- -
ffi{ry Check yoursetf:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words. Fill in the table: q.f)

1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- q_ 6.- 7.- 8.- 9.- 10.- 11 .- 12.- '13.- t*
ru
1) revival a) posaara 6-
2) to convert b) vacrxoao
3) entertainment c) nepereoprcBarrce, eruiHrcaarfics (c
4) movie d) Sinsu 3 nonyflFpHr4Mr4 aKTopaMh (*
2
5) celebrity e) neer,rrignri, nepeHra6enuHrfi lr.J
6) musical f) aigpogxennn E
lrJ
7) mousetrap g) nanrorr,tirr,ta *l
B) reasonably h) gerexrmaHrra ponaaH/$insrrit o-
tL
9) pantomime i) lraruronosxa
.n
10) partly j) nouipHo
11) whodunnit k) r',tyaravna xor,legin/$inurr,t
12) unprofitable l) snauenrricru
13) mainstream film m)xiHoQinurr,t

b) Write down the English equivalents:

aigpogxeHHn, AereKTuaanh pouau/$inuu, nouipxo, Tearp, Sinurra, xiHo, nanronair'ra,
et'rriHrcaarhcB, qacrKoBo,3HaMeHrricts, M14uronoBKa, My314qHa KoMeAin/Sinsv,
xepeura6enbuhft , po3Bara
 c) Write down the lJkrainian equivalenfs:
movie, revival, mainstream films, celebrity, whodunnit, musical, reasonably,
to convert
pantomime

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into tJkrainian.

ffi{ B Read and transtate the text.

ENTERTAINMENT: CINEMA AND THEATRE
The most popular form of national
entertainment, without a doubt, is the
cinema. ln recent years it has become
more and more popular to go with family
or friends to watch a movie. The reason
for this revival is parfly due to the lack
of films shown on television and parily due
to a new generation of cinemas.
Many years ago, most towns had at
least one theatre which had been
converted into a cinema, often called ,,the
Odeon" or the "Cannon". However many
of these have become unprofitable and
have closed. The new generation of
cinemas, owned by the large film
companies have up to ten or twelve
screens and show around ten films, three
times a day, seven days a week. The
tickets are often reasonably priced and so these new cinemas are proving very popular.
These cinemas often show artistic as well as mainstream films
ln London, the area around Leicester Square rs famous for its large cinemas. New
films are often showed in London first before the rest of the country. ii.k"t.
in London
are very expensive but this cinema is popular with celebrities.
Most of the famous theatres in Britain are
also to be found in London. However, even
small villages often have a village hall which
is used to show plays or pantomimes.
One of the original London theatres was
the Globe, this was an open air theatre
giving 5 performances a week. However, it
was destroyed in 1066.
Today most of the famous theatres are to
be found in the area of Drury Lane in West
London. lt is possible to see a great variety
of performances including comedies,
tragedies, whodunnits and Shakespeare.

174
However, one of the most famous sorts of production are musicals especially those of
Andrew Lloyd-Webber, his musical career started in the '70's with "Jesus Christ Superstar"
and "Evita" and continued up to the '80's and '90's with "Cats" and "Joseph". The songs
for his musicals are often very emotional and the plays are often animated. The most
famous animation was the performance of a story about trains "Starlight Express" in
which all the actors wore roller skates.
Some plays are so popular that they appear for many years, for example A.Christie's
"Mousetrap" at St. Martin's theatre which has been showing for over thirty years. London
theatres often play host to visiting orchestras and ballet companies as well as famous
opera singers.

W Answer the guestions.

1. Why do you think large cinemas with many films are more popular than small
local ones?
2. What sort of plays can be seen in London?
3. What is more popular in your country, the cinema or the theatre?
4. What musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber do you know?

WPutquestionsonthetext,tJsedifferenttypesofquestions.

w
s*

**

€*
ry
L
Lri
Z*
t&i
n
WCompletethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem.
1. ln recent years it has become more and more popular to go with family or friends
2. Many of the cinemas have become
3. The tickets are often priced and so these
cinemas are proving very popular.
4. Tickets in London are very but this cinema

5. One of the original London theatres was

giving five
6. lt is possible to see a great variety of performances including

7. London theatres often play host to visiting

I
i

I
Fitl in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:
to destroy, to show, to be, to use, to appear, to own, to have

1. Some plays are so popular that they for

many years, for example A.Christie's "Mousetrap" at St.Martin's theatre
for over thirty years.
2. Small villages often have a village hall which
to show plays or performances.
3. The Globe theatre in '1666.
4. New films
in London first before the rest of the country.
5. Most of the famous theatres in Britain alsc
to be found in London.
6. These cinemas often artistic as well as
mainstream films.
7. The new generation of cinemas, by the large
film companies up to ten or twelve screens
and around ten films, three times a day,
seven days a week.

ffi# Match the endings of fhe sentences. Fitt in the table.

1.- 2.- 3- 4.- 5.-
1. The most popular form of national a) priced and so these new cinemas are
entertainment, without a doubt, proving very popular.
2. The reason for this revival b) but this cinema is popular with
celebrities.
3. The tickets are often reasonably c) to be found in the area of Drury Lane
in West London.
4. Today most of the famous theatres d) is the cinema.
in Britain are
Tickets in London are very e) is partly due to the lack of films shown
expensive on television.

ones.
What famous theatres and cinemas are there in London?
What cinemas would you like to go to with your friend in London?
What can you tell your friend about the British musicals?
 NOIES

ESFKSI Retett the text.

ffiffie Sum up the main information from the text in writing.

tD
F
x
UJ
t-
0c
<r
F
,C-
lu
E
tr.l
J
n
&.
3
r/)
 S I l. ENTERTAINMENT: TU lN BRITAIN
ffi Read and memorize the foltowing words.
qacy; po3Bara
pastime l'pa:starm]
pa3BneqeH re
- npoBeAeHHF - npoBeAeHre BpeMeHil;

license []arsans] Aosein pa3peueHhe

-
variation l,r'earrerJan] -
eapiaHr
-
weather forecast ['fc:ko:st] - BaphaHr
nporHo3 noroAr
yoghurt lirg::t] lrorypr - rZorypr - nporHo3 norogbr
-
"sticky-back plastic" -
['plrestrk] xneftxril nnacrhK xneilrnil nflacrilK
- -
rya) Write check yoursetf:
down the Ukrainian equivalenfs:
pastime, license, variation, weather forecast, yoghurt, sticky-back plastic

bt Write down the English equivalents:

npcBeAeHHF Lracy, Aosein, eapianr, nporHo3 noroAr, ltorypr, xnetaxui nnacr[K

c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs;

pastime, license, weather forcast, yoghurt, sticky-back plastic

dt Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into Ukrainian.

EEgre Read and translate the text.

ENTERTAINMENT: TV IN BRITAIN
Nearly all families in Britain have at
least one television set or TV. lt is the
most popular pastime in the evenings to
watch TV with all the family.
There are four normal channels on
British TV. These are BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV
and Channel 4. Each year a license must
be bought for each house that has a TV.
the license costs around J20 for a B&W
TV and nearly J'100 for a colour TV
Special equipment is used to make sure
everyboCy nas a license.
The tlo BBC channels are national. They are founded by the government but are
non-political. BBC 1 shows a variety of programmes including comedies, documentaries
dramas, arts. soap operas and, of course, films. BBC 2 shows mainly documentaries and
repeated programmes. lt is also used for educational programmes for schools and the
Open University. ITV or independent TV is divided into a number of regions. They have
some regional variations but generally show programmes similar to BBC 1. The names
of the regions are generally derived from geographical situations, e.g. south-west TV.

178
Ohannel 4 shows many art programmes along with those aimed at the 15-30 age group.
Both ITV and Channel 4 are independent and rely on money generated from
advertisements which occur each 20 minutes and last for around 2-3 min.
The content of the programmes is monitored by an independent authority who determine
whether a programme is suitable or not. For example: films which are not suitable for
children must only be shown after 9 o'clock. The authority also calculate how many people
watch each programme. These ratings are published each week. The most popular series
at the moment are soap operas. These include "Coronation Street" filmed in Manchester
and "East Enders" filmed in London.
Nowadays private companies will also supply one's house with satellite or cable TV.
These systems are expensive but they have over 25 channels of sport, news, films etc.
They suffer from a lot of American influence.
The news is always a popular item to watch each evening, the 9 o'clock news on BBC
1 or the 10 o'clock news on lTV. The national and international news is usually followed
by the weather forecast and local news items.
ln the afternoons, between 3.00 and 5.30 special programmes are shown for children,
dramas, cartoons and school soap operas along with Blue Peter, a programme which
has been showing children how to make things from yoghurt pots and "sticky-back resffiffi
plastic" for many years.
ln the morning "Breakfast TV" shows news and current affairs. W
ffiiltI1*ffi

W
ffi Answer the questions.
1. What do people do in the evening? *,{3
&*
2. What normal channels are there on British
TV?
3. What does BBC 1 channel show? t&t
td
4. What does BBC 2 channel show?
5. What does Channel 4 show?
6. Are there private TV comPanies? €
(.-
7. /s fhe news a popular item? 2.
8. What is shown in the afternoon? rr t
tr
9. What does "Breakfast TV" show in the morning? t.|"J
1O. What channel shows mainly documentaries? ".J
11. Are the most popular series soap operas or comedies?
12. Private companies are expensive, aren't they? t8)
'13. Are British TV channels interesting?

ffiW.fWry Put questions on the text. lJse different types of questions.

fmfrTISf Fiil in the gaps, using the correct forms of the verbs in the box:
to be, to publish, to suffer, to show
1. The two BBC channels national.
2. Ratings each week.
3. They from a lot of American influence.
4. In the morning "Breakfast TV,, news and currenl
affairs.

m'Hl r Match the endings of the sentences. Fitt in the tabte.

1. Nearly all families in Britain have
2. Special equipment is used
3. It is also used for educational
programmes
4. The national and international news
rs usually followed by
5. ln the afternoons, between 3.00 and
5.30 special programmes are shown for
a) for schools and the Open University.
b) at least one television set or TV.
c) to make sure everybody has a
license.
d) children.
e) the weather forecast and local news
items.

ones.
1. Do you like to watch TV?
2. What programmes do you like to watch?
3. Why do you like these programmes?

/vorEs

ftq Reteu the text.

H il sum up the main information from the text in writing.

WK Read and memorize the fottowing words:
historical roots Iru:ts] icroprvHi xopeHi t4crophvecKile KopHt4
quiz Ikwrz] sixropmHa
- BilKTopt/Ha -
prize lprarzl - -
npr,rs
- npil3
to frequent -Ifri:'krvent] .lacro eigaigyaarvl qacro noceu-larb
trainers ['trernaz] -
xpociexil KpoccoBKt4
-
bouncer l'baonsa] - BVRVAarlno - aurluil6ana
trouble [tr,tbl] -
ycKnaAHeHHfl - ocnoxHeHre
-
publican ['p.tbhkan] -
BnacHilx 6apy BflaAeneq 6apa
- -
Wffiffim Check yourself:
a) Match the Ukrainian equivalents with the English words. Fill in the table.
1 .- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- B.-
1) historical roots a) snacxrx 6apy
2) prize b) ycrnagnennn
3) trainers c) icroprvxi xopeHi
4) publican d) npra
5) quiz e)aixroprua
6) to frequent f) vacro aigeigyaarr ./,
t-
7) trouble g)xpociaru
B) bouncer h) arxrparino t.|.l
F-
b) Write down the English equivalents:
icropuvui xopeHi, npr3, BnacHuK 6apy, eixropilHa, L{acro aigeigyearu, xpociexr, (E
suxmpafino, ycKnaAHeHHH t*
Z
r.l'J
E
lrJ
*l
c) Write down the Ukrainian equivalenfs: u
quiz, historical roots, prize, trainers, to frequent, bouncer, publican, trouble $

d) Read the words written above (Task 2c) and translate them into

fI{ryt Read and translate the text.

ENTERTAINMENT: PUBS AND CLUBS
The pub is a British institution; in many towns there are more public houses than
churches. Many of the pubs have historical roots as taverns or inns which were like
roadside hotels many years ago, where people could rest and change their horses,
hence the popular names "The Coach lnn" or "Travellers Rest".
Most pubs have two separate bars, one for standing at a counter and drinking and
one with tables and chairs. The bar itself is a wooden counter. The staff stand on one
 side with the taps for beer and bottles of
spirits and liqueurs, the customers stand on
the other. The pub is a very popular place
for people to meet, most pubs are open all
day and people visit them at lunch time, in
the afternoon or in the evening.
Pubs are popular with young and old,
managers and labourers and students. The
law in Britain is such that 16-17 year olds
can only drink beer with a meal and people
of age 18 can order any drinks they like. All
the pubs have names.
Many pubs today have a special room for playing pool, a machine for playing music
and other events to attract more visitors. For example, many pubs hold discos or quiz
evenings, at which people often win prizes.
Traditional English beer is Porter, stout or bitter, it is very dark beer and very tasty.
It is made in almost every region of Britain and there are many regional variations.
Pubs in England and Wales usually close at 11 o'clock in the evening so at 10.50,
all over the country, bells can be heard with the classic shout of "last orders ladies and
gentleman, please". Pubs in Scotland close a little later.
Clubs or nightclubs are becoming more and more popular in Britain today. Nearly all
large towns have at least one club and London has very many, some of them are very
famous and frequented by famous stars.
The clubs usually open at B or 9 o'clock in the evening and stay busy until at least
2 a.m. or sometimes until 6 or 7 o'clock in the morning.
lnslde the clubs are usually 2 or 3 bar areas and the same number of dancing areas.
The dance floors are usually wooden and above them there are hundreds of coloured
flashing lights. The clubs play very loud music of many different styles. Some are techno
clubs, some dance, some house and even heavy metal. Very often men must wear smart
clothes to the clubs. No jeans are allowed or trainers. A familiar sight at the doors of
clubs are "bouncers", large men in black suits whose job is to stop any trouble.

{fWS Answer the questions.

1. What historical roots have pubs?
2. What is a very popular place for people to meet?
3. At what age can people order any drinks they like?
4. ls traditional English beer Porter, or Bavaria?
5. Do pubs in England and Wales usually c/ose af 2 a.m.?
6. Men mustn't wear smart clothes to the clubs, must they?
7. Are bouncers small men in jeans and trainers?
8. What do publicans use fo attract customers?
miil T Put questions on the text. tJse different types of questions.
ffiCompletethesentences,usingthetext,translatethem,
1. The law in Britain can only drink beer with a meal.
2. becoming more and more popular in Britain.
3. Most pubs have two separate bars,
4. Some are techno clubs,
5. The dance floors are usually wooden and above them are

reFitlinthegaps,usingthecorrectformsoftheVerbsinthebox:
to open, to drink, to win, to be, to change, to close, to rest, to play

1. Most pubs all day and people visit them at lunch time,
&*
in the afternoon or in the evening
2. 16-17 year olds can only beer with a meal. r
3. At pubs people often pnzes
4. Pubs usually at '1'1 o'clock in the evening. *,*
5. A familiar sight at the doors of clubs "bou ncers".
r^LJ
6. At pubs people could and
their horses. .1

7. The clubs very loud music of many different styles.

ffiMabhtheendingsofthesentences.Fitlinthetable.
1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- tr
J-- 6.-
'|'. Many of the pubs have historical roots a) discos or quiz evenings, at which
people often win prizes.
2. The staff stand on one side with the b) large men in black sults whose job is
taps for beer and to stop any trouble.
3. Many pubs hold c) as taverns or inns.
4. Some of them very famous d) bottles of spirits and liqueurs.
5. A familiar sight at the doors of clubs e) are allowed or trainers.
are "bouncers",
No jeans f) and frequented by famous stars.
 1. ln many towns there are more public houses than
a) churches.
b) apartment houses.
c) markets.
2. Pubs are popular with
a) young and old.
b) managers and labourers.
c) teachers and students.
3. The bar itself is a counter.
a) wooden.
b) paper.
c) metal.
4. All the pubs have
a) numbers.
b) names.
c) TV-sets.
5. Traditional English beer is
a) Bavaria.
b) Slavutich.
c) Porter.
6. Large men in black suits whose job is to stop any trouble are
a) teachers.
b) bouncers.
c) students.
7. Above the dance floors are hundreds of
a) windows.
b) balloons.
c) coloured flashing lights
8. Pubs in England and Wales usually close at
a) at 11 p.m.
b) at 10.50 p.m.
c) at 2 a.m.
9. ls Porter
a) stout and sweet.
b) light and not tasty.
c) stout and bitter.

ff.f'pf|l Transtate the sentences into Engtish.

1' l1a6u 6ynr uicqn, Ae lrrc,qta MorrH eignovrrr ra suiuurta ceoix roHei.
- Lle pirnv
2. 3a 3aKoHoM eixoM 16_11 poxia possorFerbce nilTH nillxe nIBo.
3' Tpagraqifise aHrnirzcbKe nhBo l-1oprep, nriqHe vr ripxe, Ayxe reMHe ra
uagservafiHo cMaqHe. -
4. 3a6oponnerbcrr oAerarv A>KtnHcLA ra xpociexr,r go xny6y.
5. B 6araruox ruicrax 6insu:e 6apie, Hix xparr,tie

mFmI Make up diatogues, using the text.

 NOTES

ffim Divide the text into parts and name them.

ttt
t*
rlt
l,rJ
t*
 TEST I
Match the proper explanation for word and abbreviation.
1) B.C. a) a tribe (or a family community).
2) dweller b) to enter (a country) with armed forces in order to attack.
3) clan c) our era (or anno Domini).
4) to invade d) all the arts, customs, beliefs, social institutions etc.
characteristics of a community, race etc.
5) antiquity e) language with its own grammar, poetry and stories.
6) A.D. f) inhabitant of the city (or town).
7) culture g) before our era (or before Christ).
B) complete Ianguage h) buildings, runs, works of art etc., remaining from
ancient times.

Fill in the gaps using the proper names of the tribes in the box.

The Normans, the Romans, the Celts,

the Anglo-Saxons, the Danes
1. England was invaded by in the 6th century B.C
2. Then invaded England in the 1st century A.D.
3. They were followed by in the 5th century.
4. After them came a t the end of the Bth century.
5. And in the 11th century England was invaded b
v

Match the correct answers for following guesfions.

Quesfions:

:
2. fl?fli::,:n::::T'?"i'?:^11'! $ yiito be conquered
What was one of the last countries
r::t
lor
eisht vears rn the
by Rome?
fsl century A D ?[
3. Who was the leader of the
4. What does "welsh"
\omans?[ q
5. who became king of 1e_an?[
DenmTik, Nonvay and England in 1012-1035?f]
?
r.
7. }|jH
what ::i:t'L^o'j.ln3:1T',1,-!lrg
vvnar pans
parts did tne
ord the Danish
Danrsh king canute T,.k{ the centre o!q' "ffi ire"z[J
-9':-'t?divide into?[-l
Engrand into?
England
8. Who won the victory over the Anglo-Saxons on tne t+tn of 6,oJober 1066
at
Hastings?[-l
9. What did W-iitiam the Norman Duke become?f--l
10. What king ruted Engtand for 21 years (1OOO!iOazyZ[

Answers
a) "foreigners"
b) the Danish king Canute
 c) Julius Caesar
d) England
e) Wessex, Mercia, Northumbria and East Anglia
f) The Gauls
g) The Norman Duke, William
h) France
i) William I or William the Conqueror
j) king of England

What languages did the different areas of the British Isles speak? Write them
down.
oWales
-
oScotland
rlreland -
-
oThe lsle of Man
-
oThe south-west of Britain
-

Fill in the table choosing writing down by means of numbers the proper
senfences, which characterize each period.
The lst period Old English (OE)
The llnd period Middle English (ME)
The lllrd period Modern English

1. lt covers the period from the beginnings of the language to about 1100.
v,
2. The Scandinavians also influenced the language of English during this period. t*
3. Latin was the most influential foreign language. w
ru
4. English has also borrowed words from nearly all the languages of Europe. t*
5. lt covers the period from 1100 to 1500.
6. lt has been a period of even wider borrowing.
7. English language was for a time of only secondary importance.
8. lt covers the period from 1500 to the present.
9. Additions to the languages were based on native English words.
10. Many English words were borrowed from French.

Complete the sentences. Match the proper ending of each senfence.

The beginnings:
1. Britain became divided into
2. ln seven kingdoms people spoke
3. The Northumbrian dialect was spoken by
4" The Mercian dialect was spoken by
5. The West-Saxon dialect, or Wessex, was spoken by
6. The language of Jutes was
7. Celtic remained

187
The endings:
a) ... the Angles who lived between the river Humber and Thames.
b) ... the Saxons who lived to the south of the Thames.
c) ... the Angles who lived to the north of the river Humber.
d) ... the Kentish, the fourth and a minor dialect.
e) ... seven kingdoms: Kent, Sussex, Essex, Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and
Northumbria.
f) ... four dialects.
g) ... the language of Scotland, lreland and Wales.

Com pl ete the sentences.

1, One of family of languages called lndo-European is
a) Chinese.
b) Arabian.
c) English.
2. The languages of lndo-European family are:
a) French and Turkish.
b) such important languages of antiquity as Latin, Greek and Sanskrit.
c) Ukrainian and Russian.
3. Such language which belongs to the Germanic branch of lndo-European is

a) English.
b) French.
c) Japanese.
4. English is a close relative of such now extinct languages as
a) Greek.
b) Gothic.
c) German.
5, Localized version of a language is
a) a dialect.
b) a complete language.
c) folklore.
6. After the Norman conquest there were three languages in England such as

a) German, Spanish and English.

b) Latin, Greek and Sanskrit.
c) Latin, French and English.
7. The language of masses was
a) Latin.
b) French.
c) English.
8, The language of Church was
a) Latin.
b) French.
c) English.
9. The language which the king and many people wrote was
a) Latin.
 b) French.
c) English.
10. About 1350 the language of Law became
a) Latin.
b) French. (,
c) English. Z,
E
C
rrj
TEST II cc
trl
E
Find in the box and write the synonyms for the following words: o
aim, agricultural, to name, goal, to work, to build, to move, invention, to finish

rural (cinucbKorocnoAapcuxrafi ),
discovery (eigxpmrrn/enHaxig),
purpose (Uinu),
to toil (npaqrcaaru),
to call (Hasearu),
to end (saxinvyaaru),
to drive (pyxarNcu),
to construct (6ypyearr)

Match the proper characteristics

1. The Great Charter (Magna Crr-td.E
2. The Peasant's Revolt oi tsat tr
3
3. The Rise of Enoland
England in 16th Centurv.
Century.
+. rn" rnjri"n ao"urgeois Revolution lioao-tooo) n
5. The lndustrial Revolution (1837-1850).
6. The Chartist Movement (1837-1848).n
u
7. The Rise and Fall of the British Empira
Characteristics:
T
a) lt was the first working class political movement in Britain and the world.
b) lt was the period when towns began to grow and England became one of the
greatest sea powers in the world.
c) It was the revolt against the war with France and paying tax for the war.
d) It was the document, which was signed by the king, and where the rights of the
Englishmen were written down and the power of the King was limited.
e) It was the period of the growth of large factories using new machinery and the
period of Great technical inventions as well.
f) was the period when Britain established its first overseas colonies in the 17th
lt
century and then in the 2Oth century many British colonies became independent.
g) lt was the period of growing conflict between the king and the parliament.

eompTete the sentences. Match the proper part of each sentence.

The beginnings:
1. The British lsles are divided into two independent states D
2. Britain or Great Britain is ...
 3. The capital of the UK or Britain is l--1
4. The capital of Scofland is ...1-l I I

5. The capital of Wales is ...I-

6. The capital of Northern tre'lEild i. .. E
7. The Republic of lreland is independ6t and has its own qovernment in
9. The highest peak in the Hightands in Scofland i. ..1]
(
9. The highest mountain in Wates i. .
10. The main river is .. I [
11. Lakes in the HightanEof Fcoiland are calted ...[J
12. Britain is verv rich in ...n
I I
13. Britain nas ...I
14. About 40 % oi-iie British peopte tive trr ...1-l
15. More than B mittion peopte live in ...[_l
16. ln the 11th century Wiiliam the Conq[dror made
17. The oldest part of London i. ...8
f]
I-
18. By the Thames is oneplthe oki6t and most famous building in Britain,
19. The Queen lives in ...n tr
20. The architecture of Lohdon streets is ...
21. The British Museum has ...[-l
22. London does not at first tobk'tit<e ...
The endings:
a) ... an industrial city.
b) ... Buckingham Palace
c) ... the Tower of London.
d) . a mixture of old and new.
e) ... a wonderful art collection and also one of the most important libraries in the world
f) ... London his capital.
g) ... the City.
h) ... Greater London.
t!" United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
j)I) ... England, Scotland and Wates. lreland and the Repubtic of lreland

k) ... London.
l) ... Dublin.
m)... Belfast.
n) ... Edinburgh.
o) ....Cardiff.
p) ... Ben Nevis.
q) ... Snowdown.
r) ... the Thames.
s) ... mild winters, not very hot summers and a lot of rain all the year round.
t) ... coal, and natural gas and oil have been discovered in the British sector of
the North
Sea.
u) ... urban areas.
v) ... lochs.
@Complete the sentences.
1. The government in Britain is divided into
a) many sections.
b) three sections.
c) five sections.
 The UK is divided into 650 areas called
a) constituencies.
b) states.
c) republics.
3. lf one party has 326 or more seats then it forms
a) the cabinet.
b) the government.
c) the department.
4. lf one party has 326 or more seats, the leader of the party becomes
a) the king (or the queen).
b) the prime minister.
c) the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
5. 20 members of the leading party form
a) the cabinet.
b) the House of Lords.
c) the House of Commons.
6. The House of Commons has
a) 326 active members.
b) 650 active members.
c) Around 200 or 300 active members.
7. The House of Lords has
a) 326 active members.
b) 650 active members.
c) around 200 or 300 active members.
8. There is also a local government system for each of
a) the 55 administrative regions known as counties.
b) the 20 administrative regions known as states.
c) the 650 areas called constituencies.
9. The largest and most important city in Britain is q**
a) Birmingham &"*
b) Leeds q$
c) London &e,
t-
10. The main and well-know cities in the UK are
a) New York, Boston, Los Angeles, Washington and other.
b) London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Dover, Manchester and
c) Kyiv, Lviv, Odessa, Donetsk and other.
11. ln Britain the school year is divided into
a) three terms.
b) two terms.
c) four terms.
12. At many schools it is compulsory to wear
a) a hat.
b) a rucksack.
c) a uniform.
13. The most famous of the British galleries is
a) the Tate Gallery.
b) the National GallerY.
c) the National Portrait GallerY.
14. The most famous Museum in London is
a) the British Museum.
b) the Science Museum.
c) the Museum of Natural HistorY.
 KAII E HEAP H O-TE MAT]4 v.HVn nIIAH
I CEMECTP
Ne Teua 3uicr fiouaune 3aBAaHHfl
1 2 3 4
BcrynHrari ypoK Ao Kypcy
"Kpairosraecreo: Benuxa
Sprranin"
l. Io,{arox 6purancuroT icropiT

2 Crapogaani !acil. 3aeorcaaHHq Texcrl.TheCelts Bue.rHru neKctaKy.

6prraHii KeflbraMu MeroguvHa pospo6xa fligroryaarr ycne
AO reKcry noei4oruneHHn. Bignoaicrn
nucbMoBo Ha 3anhTaHHfl AO
reKcry

3 3aaoroeaxHn Spraranii Texcr 2. The Roman Bne,luru ,leKchKy.

pHMnflHaMh Conquest of Britain Iligroryaarr ycHe
Meropuvna pospo6xa noeigounennn. Bignoeicrra
Ao reKcry Ha 3anhTaHHfl AO TeKCTy

4 AH rn o-ca xco x cu xe Texcr 3. The Anglo- Buequrta neKcuKy.

3aBopBaHHF Sprratii Saxon Conquest of [li4roryearr ycxe
Britain (sth 11th noeigovnennr. Bignoeicru
-
cenf.) Merogravna Ha 3anhTaHHs AO TeKCTy
pospo6xa Ao reKcry

5 BcraHoeneHHc AHrniicuroro Texcr 4. Establishment Bre.itarra neKchKy.

xoponiecrea of the Kingdom of l-ligroryaaru ycHe
England MeroguvHa noeigorrllneHHR. Flrculitoeo
pospo6xa Ao reKcry cxflacril 10 sannraxu po
reKcry. iligroryearucu 4o
gncrycii 3a nnaHoM
1 2 5 4
6 Hoprvancuxe 3aBorcBaHHfl Texcr 5. The Norman BHBTil4TH neKChKy.
Conquest of Engiand [ligroryearra ycHe
Meroguvxa pospo6ra noa igonaneHHr.
AO reKcry Xpononorivno 3anucarr
ocxoeHi eranr 3aBorcBaHHfl
Axrnii

7 OcHoeHi eranh B icropii Texcru 1-5 lloaroprru neKchKy 3 reMu.

3aBonBaHHe Anrnii. lloaroprru eha.{eHHfi
floaropeHxr ra saxpinnennr ruarepian. Fli4rorysarrcu go
BfiBqeHOI.O rraarepiany 3 TeMl,,l TeMaThqHoro onilTyBaHHq

8 Tecroai 3aBAaHHs
ll. Ilpoqec $opuyaarxs anrniicuxoi uoer ra Kynbrypr
9 Moau EprraHcbKr4x ocrpoaia. Texcrr 6-7. Languages Bue,{larh fieKcHKy.
lcropin axrnifrcuxoi luoer of the British /s/es lhe BiAnoeicril nucbMoBo Ha
History of the English 3anuTaHHf, AO TeKCTy.
Language MeroAuqxi lligroryaaru ycne
pospo6xu go rexcria noei4ounenxn,
B14Kopr4croByrov r ai4noaigi
Ha 3anuTaHH9
10 lcropin axrniicuxoi ruoeu. Texcr 8. lnvasion Busquru neKcrKy.
Bnnue BToprHeHb Ha po3Br4ToK Mero4uvxa pospo6xa go Iligroryaaru ycHe
aHrnificuxoi rdoeu reKcry noaigounennfl 3 TeMu.
Bipnoaicrr Ha 3anrraHHf,
'l 2 3 4
11 Tpn ocxoani nepiogr,r a icropii Texcr 9. Three Major BHBI{I4TI4 flEKChKY. UKflACTY
ra npoqeci Sopr'ayeaxnn Periods in the Evolution i sanrlcarlt nnax
axrnifrcsxoi MoBr,! Ta Kynbrypr4 of English Merogrvxa noeigor,tnenxn.
pospo6xa Ao rexcry fligroryaaru nhcbMoBe ra
ycxe noaigoMneHHn 3a
nflaHoM

12 Bnnue BToprHeHH, Texcr 10. The lnfluence Bytg.{t4ru fleKcrKy.

repMaHcbKtlx nfleMeH Ha of the lnvasion by the llucuuoao cKnacr[ nflaH
po3BrlroK axrniricuxoi ilrost4 Germanic Tribes on the nepeKa3y TeKcTy B
English Language nrTanbHux peqeHH9x.
Meroguvna pospo6xa go Iligroryaarr ycxe
TeKCTy noaigorunexxn sa
nnaHoM. fligroryaarucu gc q
6eciAu
,s
13 Axrno-caxconcuxi Aianexrl,r Texcr 11. Ihe Bua,{urn nexcuKy. S
Anglo-Saxon Dialects 3anucaru ocHoBHy T
Mero4uvna pospo6xa Ao ixQopr.raqirc 3a nnaHoM. :r
reKcTy Cxnacrr i ganucarr 10 sl-
3anrTaHb Ao reKcTy.
IliAroryearrcu Ao 6eciAu E
ut
(noaropuru rexcrr 9, 11) t-I
o
14 Tpra ocHoexi nepiogu e icropii Texcru 9,H l-loaroprru neKcr4Ky 3 T
o-
ra npoqeci QopruyeaHHn reur. floeropuru
anrnificuxoi MoB[ ra Kynbrypn. gtaa.{eHhfi ruarepian. trt
Axrno-caxcoxcuxi gianexrr. fli4roryearucu go lrJ
Iloaropexxn ra 3aKpinaeHHt TeMaTn9HOrO OnUTyBaHHf
BIBqeHoro uarepiany

15 Tecroei saBAaHHf,
 II CEMECTP
N9 I eMa 3Micr
1 2 3 4
lll. Ocnoexi nogiT e icropii SpuraniT
16 Benura Xaprin (1215). Texcr 12. The Great
YreopeHxn napnaMeHry Charter (1215) and
Parliament MerogmvHa
pospo6xa Ao reKcry
17 Censncsxe noBcraHHR (1381) Texcr 13. The Peasants'
Revolt of 1381
Merogrvxa poapo6xa go
TeKCry
18 Exotion,rivHrari niAiorvr e AHrnii Texcr 14. The Rise of
(XVl cr ) England in the 16th
century MeroAta.tHa
pospo6xa Ao reKcry
19 Axrniicuxa 6ypxyasHa Texcr 15. The English
pesonioqir (1 640-1 660) Bourgeois Revolution
(1640-1660) Mero4uvna
pospo6xa Ao reKcry
20 [lpouucnoarri nepesopor Texcr 'l 6. lndustrial
(1760-ri -1850-rl) Revolution (1760s -
1850s) Mero4irvna
pospoOra Ao reKcry
21 9aprucrcuxuri pyx (1837- Texcr 17. The Chartist
I 848) Movement (1837-1848)
MeroAuvna pospo6xa
TeKCTy
22 3nir ra na4ixHn Spurancuxoi Texcr 18. The Rise and
ina nepii the Fall of the British
Empire Meroguvxa
poapo6xa Ao reKcry
23 OcHoeHi nogii a icropii Texcru 12-18
EpuraHii . lloeropeHHn ra
saxpinneHnn BuBqeHoro
nlarepianV.
AOMAluHE 3ABIIAHHA
Bua.rurn neKc[Ky. nucuruoec
eignoeicru Ha 3anhraHHq A(
reKcry. Iigroryearn
n oeigonitne n nn
Buagr4ru neKcrlKy. Cxnacru i
3anrcarr 10 sanuraHu Ao
reKcry. YcHo ni4roryaarra
Aianor 3 TeMrl
Bue,rtarn fleKc[Ky. 3anncarr
ocHoeHi Saxru, rxi
BKa3yloTb Ha eXOHOrriti.{Hr,1i
gnir AHrnii e XVI cronirri
Bua.ruru neKcfiKy. 3anycaru
y xpoHonorivHoMy nopFAKy
no4ii, nxi eig6yaanracu nig
,rac aHrniicuxor 6ypxyasrioi
peeonrcqii. Bi4noaicrr na
3anrraHHc 4o rexcry (ycHo)
[ligroryaaru ycHe
noeigotraneHHR ea
xpoHonorivxorc ra6nnqerc
3anrraHHfl go rexcry (ycno)
lli4roryaaru ycHe
nosigouneHHR oa
xpoxonorivnorc ra6nrqerc
Bhevurh neKcuKy. 3anncarr
y xpoHonorivHoMy nopFAKy
ocxoexi eigxpr,rrrn nig vac
ir4ycrpianunot peaonrcqii e
Anrnii. Bipnoaicrra Ha
nMraHHF Ao reKcry (ycHo)
BIe,]ur[ neKctaKy.
[li4roryearu noai4ounenHr,
,qo n14cbMoBo cxnacrr 10
3anrraHb Ao noaiAor\rfleHHl
Bhequru nexcuxy. Ycxo
aignoeicrr Ha 3anhraHHf, A(
reKcry. Ili4roryearracu 4o
6ecigra 3a reMorc
lloaroprrr neKctaKy 3 TeMr.
[loaropnru aha,leHili
uarepian 3 TeMH.
['liAroryaarhcu ao
 TCMATI4qHOTO ONhTVBAHH'I
24 Tecroei 3aBAaHHfl
lV. Spuranin csorogxi
25 3aranuHi eigouocri s Texcr 19. General Facts Bue,lnrh neKchKy.
$isrvHoi reorpa$ii Benrroi about the Erltish /s/es Bi,qnoaicru Ha 3anhraHHf,
Spnranii MerogrvHa pospo6xa go ,qo reKcry. [ligroryearu
TeKCry gianoru, B14Kop14croByrorrH
nrTaHHfl AO reKCTy

26 IloHAon cronhufl BenrKoi Texcr 20. London, the Bnegr4rta neKcuKy.

SprraHii
- Capital MeroguvHa [ligroryaarr noeigouneHHn
pospo6ra Ao reKcry 3a nhTaHHf,M14 AO reKCTy.
[ligroryaarmcn go 6ecigr,r-
iHrepe'rc. Cxnacru
3anuTaHHF AO TeKCTy

27 3aranuni ai4onaocri npo Texcr 21. British Bua,{uru neKcHKy.

nonirrvHy cllcreMy ra Government MeroguvHa [li.qroryaarr noaigorranennR
gepxaenui ycrpii Benuroi pospo6xa Ao reKcry Ha o,qHy 3 TeM: "Ionirr.rHa
SprraHii chcreMa", ",[epxaeH rai
ycrpii", "Ionirra.rFri naprii".
I
l-lficu[ltoeo cxnacrr 10
3anhraHb Ao noaiAor\rfleHHt
{
l-
28 Micra Benuxoi SpnraHii Texcr 22. The Bne.rrrta neKctaKy. BiArrttirurr
(exonoruivHi, 4euorpaSivHi, Cities of the UK Ha xapri ruicra, npo nxi
rynurypHi ra Hayxoai qexrpr,r) Merognvna pospo6xa go posnoeipanocs e rercri.
TeKCry [ligroryearu peSepar npo
oAHe 3 uicr Ha eu6ip
,*
29 Cucreua ocairr y Benuxiil Texcr 23. The Bnaqtart,t neKcr4Ky. 3anncarr
{
l;
&
SprraHii Education System ocHoeHi eigonaocri npo uJ
Merogu,rHa pospo6xa go cr4creMy ocairh a AHrnii. l-I
TeKCry fli4roryaarr ycHy gonoai4u O
no TeKCTy X
q
30 Mncreqrao ra Kynbrypa Tercr 24. Art and Braqlarr4 neKcr4Ky. 3anncaru h{
SpuraHii Culture MeroAil.lHa Haaan ai4orritnx y AHrnii
lrt
poapo6xa .qo TeKcTy ranepefi ra uyseia, ix
u icqeaHaxogxeHHF. x
Iigroryaaru peQepar npo
xyAoxHro raneperc vn uyser,

31 Cnopr y SpnraHii Texcr 25. Sport in Britain Bha,inrh nexcuKy. Bunrcaru

Mero4rvHa pospo6xa 4o Br4A[ CnOpTy, CKr4Mt4
reKcry safir/tarctscs y BprraHil, ra
3anIcarr ix xoporxy
Y' ne rTFn uaTU r\/
32 Benuxa Spuraxin cuoro4Hi. Texcrr 19-25 floaropuru fiexctarry 3
['loeropexxR ra saxpinnexHn reuu. floaroprrr
BrrBveHoro uarepiany srsseHri[ uarepian s
reur. fliAroryBarrcb
Ao
TeMaTIYHOTO OnnTyBaHHf

33 Tecroei 3aBAaHHR

TEKCT]4 AAfl EOAATKOBOTO qnTAHHfl

1 Peniriny SpuraHiT Religion Today
2 Cesra y SprraHiT (9acnaHa l) Holidays in the UK (Part l)
3 Cenra y Bprraxil (t{acrrana ll) Holidays in the UK (Part ll)
4 Casra y SprraHiT (t{acrraHa lll) Holidays in the UK (Part lll)
5 CenrxyeaHxn Pisgea The Holiday of Christmas
6 CrparQopg-na-Efieoxi Stratford-on-Avon
7 KeHT: "aHrniicuxraft cag" Kent: the Garden of England
I Haqioxansni napxn AHrnii National Parks of England
I Paiox o3ep Hai6inuurfi Lake District National Park
-
naqioxanunri napx
10 Posearu: KiHo ra rearp Entertainment: Cinema and
Teatre
11 Posearlr: rene6a.{eHHR Entertainment: TV in Britain
12 Poeearr: na6u ra xny6ra Entertainment: Pubs and Clubs
 CONTENTS
flepeguoea
.,.. '...... -....3

llo,{arox 6puraxcsxoT icropif

1. ........... .... . 6
The Celts
Crapo4aaxi qacn. 3aeorcsaxxn Epuraxii xenuraur
2. The Roman Conquest of Britain
3aeorceaFixs 6pr,rraxii pHMnFHaMh...
3. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest of Britain (5th_ 11th cent.) 11

Axrno-caxcoxcbKe 3aBorcBaxxn 6prraxii

16
Establishment of the Kingdom of Engrand BcraHoenexHq Aurniicsxoro
KOpOftBCTBa..
5. The Norman Conquest of England ....20
Hopuancure 3aBorcBaHHe..
Il. The Enelish .......25
Language and Culture Formation
flpoqec Sopuyaaxxr axrniicsxoi MoBt4 ra xynbrypr......
,DrvPE " "
o. Languiges of the British lsles 31

Moar EprraucbKnx ocrpo8ia.................. ..........................31

7. The History of the English Language
lcropir aHrniicbKol MoB14....
8. lnvasion " "" " " """ 36
Bnnua BToprHeHb Ha po3BHToK axrniicuroi MoBl4 ............
9. Three Major Periods in the Evolution of English rpra ocxoexi
...................40
nepio4r,, e icropii
$oprrayeaxxn axrniicuxoi ruoar i xynsrypra.................. ..........................44
10 The lnfluence of the rnvasion by the Germanic Tribes on the
Engrish Language
Bnnue aroprxeHb repMaHcbKux nneMeH Ha po3BHToK anrnifrcuroi

11. The Anglo-Saxon Dialects

AHrno-caKcoHcuxi 4ianexru EE
lll. From the History of the United Kingdom
Ocxoeri no4ii a icropii Eprranii.......
12. The Great Charter (1215) and parliament
Benuxa Xaprin (12.15)-ra-yraopennfl napnaMeHry ................
13. The Peasants' Revolt of .1 381 ........... 61

CenqHcuxe noBcraHHn (1381)........... ...........66

14. The Rise of England in the 16th Century ExoHol,li,{H14il ni4rioru e AHrnii B
16_rriry cr.............................70
15, The English Bourgeois Revolution (1640_1660) Anrnifrcsxa 6ypxyasna
peaonoqin (1640-1660)
16. The lndustrial Revolution (1760s ....... 13
1850s) lxgycrpiansxa peeonroqin (176O_ri _
850-ri).........
1
- \ i I vv I I

17. The Chartist Movement (i837-1848) gaprrcrcuxui pyx (1837-1848) 77

81
18. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire
3l9r ra nagixuR Epuraxcsxoi irr,rnepii.
-
lU. Great Britain Today ,...........85
Epnraxia csorogxi......
19. General Facts about the British lsles ...........89
3aranusi ei4oruocri o $isuvxoi reorpa$ii Benr4Koi Sprrarii
20. London, the Capital
Iox4or cronrqe Epraraxii.
-
21. British Government
3aranuxi ei4ouocri npo noniruvny o4creMy, 4epxaexnfr ycrpifr ra nonirrqHi napri.i Benuxoi
6puranii
22. The Cities of the UK 103

Micra Benraxoi EphraHii (e(oHoMiqHi, AeMorpaeiqHi, xynsrypui ra

qeHrpH)... ......
z3 The Education System
oceiru y Benuxiil Eprarani.i........
-Cucrerrla
24. Arl and Culture
Mucreqrso ra Kynbrypa Epraraxii
25. Sport in Britain 121

Cnopr y Epraraxii
Supplementary T€xts
Texcrr Anr AoAarxoBoro qt.tTaHHs ra MeroAuvxi po:po6xx Ao Hxx 134
1. Religion Today
Penirin y 5purarii..... 134
2. Holidays in the UK (Part l)
Cenra y Epr,rraxii (tiacruxa l)................... .,......................138
3. Holidays in the UK (Part ll)
Cenra y Spr,rranii (9acrrxa ll) ............... .......................142
4. Holidays in the UK (Part lll)
Cenra y SpraraNii (9acnaHa lll)................. 147
5. The Holiday of Christmas
CsnrxyeauHn Pis4aa........,.. 151
6. Stratford-on-Avon
CrparQop.q-Ha-Eileoxi........ ..... 157
7. Kent: the Garden of England
KeHr eenhqesHilfr "aHrniicbKr4i caA".,............ ...............161
B. National - Parks of England
HaqioHanuni napxu Anrnii. .......................... 'l 64
9. Lake District National Park
PaioH osep Hail6inbr.ur4fi naqioxanunr,rfi napx .............169
10. Entertainment:- Cinema and Theatre
Pogaaril: xino ra rearp............ ...................._.173
'1
1, Entertainment: TV in Britain
Poaearu: rene6aqenxg. ............178
12. Entertainment: Pubs and Clubs
Pogsaril: na6u ra Kny6h............ ...........181
 Hae,ianuHe B[AaHHn

Boeqexxo Harans @egopiexa

ACROSS THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING
WORLD:
GREATBRITAIN

(Book 1)

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pe4axrop _ l. paryulnrai
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 ,{o cepii noci6asxis : rpaixo:xaacr:ra

hy Nataliya Yovchenko & Olcns Ncgina

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