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Chapter 1
HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the
design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built
environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage
systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.
Civil engineering is the oldest branch of engineering. Not only do civil engineers
design systems that interact with one another, but they are also concerned with the
environment’s well-being. The term “civil” was added to separate these licensed professionals
from other engineers who worked on military, electrical, or mechanical projects.
Ancient Roots
In ancient times, architects and builders were one and the same. Engineering was a
huge part of the architect’s or builder’s role, especially with large construction
projects.
reality is that people often used what was easily available to them when constructing buildings.
This influenced architectural style and the selection of structural elements. Of course climate
also has an effect on the design and construction of buildings. For example, sun dried bricks
can support loads in a dry climate but will disintegrate in wet climates.
All of the ancient structures offer a strong statement on the quality of engineering
knowledge long before we developed computers and used advanced software. All of these
structures constructed leads the way to the development of construction and civil engineering.
 The Qanat water management system (the oldest older than 3000 years and longer
than 71 km,) appears in several cultures and remains functional.
 Pyramids in Egypt were built as monuments to house the tombs of the pharaohs.
 The Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC) was built to house a statue
of Athena, Greek goddess of war. The Parthenon is an example of post-and-lintel
construction.
 The Romans developed the arch to overcome the limitations of the post and lintel.
 The development of the arch led to the vault, which is a series of arches that form a
continuous arched covering.

The earliest practices of Civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and
 Another form that developed from the arch was the dome. A dome is an arrangement
2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Ancient Iraq) when humans started to abandon
of several arches whose bases form a circle and the tops meet in the center.
a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time,
transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and
 The Pantheon is an example of an arch and dome system. It is the oldest standing
sailing.
domed structure in Rome.

This led to the development of construction, as trial and error distinguished good
 Colosseum- Originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, this arch and dome
design from less effective approaches. Mesopotamia contained some of the most skilled
system is the largest ever built in the Roman Empire.
engineers in the ancient world, as did Ancient Egypt.

 Roman engineers built the Appian Way (c. 312 BC).

The history of civil engineering and architectural projects is regional in nature. A
major reason for differences in the development of construction techniques is the availability of
 The Great Wall of China by General Meng T’ien under orders from Ch’in Emperor
local materials. Although it is possible to import materials from great distances, the historic
Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC) is one of the most ambitious construction projects the world
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has ever seen. It spans 4500 miles. Construction spanned from the 5 th century BC to
the 16th century. The wall as seen today was mostly constructed during the Ming
Dynasty of stone and bricks.
 The Roman aqueducts were built from 300 BC to 200 AD.
 Ancient roadways were used by the Persians and Romans for strategic and
commercial purposes.
 Greeks needed to have roads available in the event of a religious exodus. Greek
highways consisted of two wheel ruts of about 4 ft 11 in. gauge either carved out or
worn down. The roads typically had a width of 8 or 9 feet and a depth of 3 to 4 inches.
Sometimes this was increased to 12 inches to make the road smoother in the rocky
ground. Urban streets were mostly paved.
 Roman roads were created by using large blocks of stone (called the stratumen) for
the base, over which broken stone or debris (called rudus) was spread and covered by
a layer of sand (referred to as the nucleus) and finally by large polygonal basalt blocks
(summum dorsum), with the polished top surfaces serving as the road surface. The
stones were set in lime mortar. In marshy regions the Romans used wooden
causeways resting on pile foundations.
 Romans were generally believed to be masters of road engineering. At the height of
their power, they had constructed 50,000 miles of paved roads. No comparable road
system existed outside the Roman Empire.
 The earliest known Roman bridge, the Pons Sublicius in Rome, was made of wood
and was constructed using columns and beams. The pile foundation was created by
following specific steps: excavate, clear, and then drive previously charred alder, olive,
or oak piles into the ground as close to each other as possible. The spaces were filled
with ashes. This an example of a timber bridge.
 Most ancient Roman bridges used the arch as the basic structure and were typically
made of stone and concrete.
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 After the Fall of Rome. Although some jobs were mechanized, there was little change
in building materials or methods of construction from those of the Romans until the
middle of the 18th century. The same simple cranes, pulley systems, wedges, and
inclined planes were still commonly used to move heavy objects. The hammer, plane,
and chisel were still the tools of choice of the carpenter. However, in the middle of the
18th century, iron became cheaper and more readily available. The first iron bridge was
built over the Servern in 1779. A new blast furnace nearby lowered the cost and
encouraged local engineers and architects to use iron to cross the river. The use of
iron allowed longer spans and lighter structures.
 Iron Era. The Eiffel tower, as one of the last iron structures, marked the end of the
iron era.
 Structural Steel. In the 1890s steel replaced iron as the material of choice for large
construction projects. Although it contains iron, steel also contains carbon which
makes the metal harder and tougher. In addition, steel is less susceptible to corrosion.
Steel frames were designed to carry the building loads so that massive load bearing
walls were no longer necessary. The heights of buildings grew. Perhaps the best
known structural steel framed building is the Empire State Building, completed in
1931.
 Concrete. The concrete mixture used by the Romans was very weak in tension and
bending.
 Reinforced Concrete. Experiments with improving the tensile strength of concrete by
embedding metal rods into the mixture began in the mid-1800s. Eventually engineers
learned how to efficiently take advantage of the combined strength of concrete in
compression and steel in tension. Since that time, reinforced concrete has been used
for a variety of construction projects. The flexibility of concrete allowed the use of free
flowing curves and a break from the rectilinear designs of structural steel.
 Engineers quickly understood that reinforced concrete could be used in the design and
construction of bridges. The first reinforced concrete bridge was built in France in
1907.
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Examples of structural software widely used are, StaadPro, Etabs, Sap2000, and
Midas.
Educational and Institutional History of Civil Engineering It is difficult to find an area where civil engineering has not been involved. If you work
in a new building, cross a bridge or move into a new subdivision, there was likely a civil
In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things engineer involved in the original plans.
civilian as opposed to military engineering. The first engineering school, The National
School of Bridges and Highways, France, was opened in 1747. The first self-proclaimed civil References:
engineer was John Smeaton who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering
http://www.thecivilengg.com/History.php
In 1771, Smeaton and some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of https://www.engineeringcivil.com/history
Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. Though
https://polysurveying.com/2016/03/from-ancient-times-to-the-present-day-a-brief-history-
there was evidence of some technical meetings, it was little more than a social society.
of-civil-engineering-in-mobile-al/https://
In 1818, world’s first engineering society, the Institution of Civil Engineers was Williams, T. I. (2000). A history of invention. New York: Checkmark Books.
founded in London, and in 1820 the eminent engineer Thomas Telford became its first
president. The institution received a Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognizing civil
engineering as a profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as: “Civil engineering is the Research Work No. 2
application of physical and scientific principles, and its history is intricately linked to advances Research Work Title: Civil Engineering, Society and Other Professions
in understanding of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is Due date:
a wide ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub-disciplines, its history is
linked to knowledge of structures, material science, geography, geology, soil, hydrology, Answer the following;
environment, mechanics and other fields.” 1. Define Civil Engineering as a Profession
2. Enumerate international civil engineering organizations and define each
The first private college to teach Civil Engineering in the United States was Norwich 3. Enumerate Civil engineering organizations in the Philippines and define each
University founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge. The first degree in Civil Engineering 4. Civil Engineering and the Society
in the United States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835. The first such 5. Professions related to Civil Engineering
degree to be awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch 6. In your own words, explain why Civil Engineering is important to the society and other
in 1905. professions.

Note: You may paste pictures or drawings.

Please include your references to support your research.
The Modern Approach

Today, civil engineering addresses complex design with advanced technology. CAD
and CAM help with design, creation and testing of structure simulations. It works well
whether a civil engineer is addressing flood plain management, designing a bridge or planning
roadways. This software leads to effective products and cost savings.
CE 111 CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION PREPARED BY: ENGR. JOSHUA C. JUNIO
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Chapter 2  Perform or oversee surveying operations to establish building locations, site layouts,
reference points, grades, and elevations to guide construction
CIVIL ENGINEERING, SOCIETY AND OTHER PROFESSIONS  Manage the repair, maintenance, and replacement of public and private infrastructure

Civil engineering is all about people. It's the work that civil engineers do to develop and
Civil engineering is a respected profession which is charged foremost with
improve the services and facilities that general people use in their everyday life.
maintaining public safety. Like those in the law and medical professions, civil engineers in
positions of responsibility are required to be professionally licensed.
Civil Engineering is the oldest and quintessential engineering profession. It
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATIONS
encompasses a variety of sub-disciplines and jobs.
The main objective of CIVIL Engineering associations is to safeguard the profession of
Civil engineering is “the modification of nature to create and improve human habitats.”
translators and interpreters; to promote among its members the principles of professional
Civil engineers work toward an ideal that is “a standard of perfection, beauty, or moral and
competence and decorum by organizing initiatives and activities; to 'train' clients by explaining
physical excellence, especially as an aim of attainment or realization.” Civil engineers strive to
the specificities of the translation and interpreting market and providing information on the Civil
“match deep functionality with aesthetics in every manifestation of the profession.” Engineers
Engineering profession.
should be mindful that there is a “moral compact between the engineer and world society.” -
1. American Society of Civil Engineers
Bugliarello (1994)
The American Society of Civil Engineers represents more than 150,000
Civil engineers conceive, design, build, supervise, operate, construct and maintain
members of the civil engineering profession in 177 countries. Founded in 1852, ASCE
infrastructure projects and systems in the public and private sector, including roads, buildings,
is the nation’s oldest engineering society.
airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment. Many
ASCE stands at the forefront of a profession that plans, designs, constructs,
civil engineers work in planning, design, construction, research, and education.
and operates society’s economic and social engine – the built environment – while
Civil engineers typically do the following:
protecting and restoring the natural environment.
 Analyze long range plans, survey reports, maps, and other data to plan and design
Through the expertise of its active membership, ASCE is a leading provider of
projects
technical and professional conferences and continuing education, the world’s largest
 Consider construction costs, government regulations, potential environmental
publisher of civil engineering content, and an authoritative source for codes and
hazards, and other factors during the planning and risk-analysis stages of a project
standards that protect the public.
 Compile and submit permit applications to local, state, and federal agencies, verifying HISTORY
that projects comply with various regulations On Nov. 5, 1852, a dozen eminent civil engineers gathered at the Croton
 Oversee and analyze the results of soil testing to determine the adequacy and Aqueduct in New York City in the office of Chief Engineer Alfred W. Craven to establish
strength of foundations the American Society of Civil Engineers and Architects. In 1868, a few years after
 Analyze the results of tests on building materials, such as concrete, wood, asphalt, or architects had formed a professional society of their own, ASCE adopted its current
steel, for use in particular projects name. For the first 144 years of its existence, ASCE maintained its headquarters in
 Prepare cost estimates for materials, equipment, or labor to determine a project's New York City, relocating six times to progressively larger facilities. In 1996, ASCE
economic feasibility moved to its current global headquarters in Reston, Virginia, just outside Washington,
 Use design software to plan and design transportation systems, hydraulic systems, D.C.
and structures in line with industry and government standards

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2. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officals
AASHTO is a nonprofit, nonpartisan association representing highway and
transportation departments in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
It represents all transportation modes including: air, highways, public transportation,
active transportation, rail, and water. Its primary goal is to foster the development,
operation, and maintenance of an integrated national transportation system.
AASHTO works to educate the public and key decision makers about the
critical role that transportation plays in securing a good quality of life and sound
economy for our nation. AASHTO serves as a liaison between state departments of
transportation and the Federal government. AASHTO is an international leader in
setting technical standards for all phases of highway system development. Standards
are issued for design, construction of highways and bridges, materials, and many other
technical areas.
AASHTO serves as a catalyst for excellence in transportation by offering:
 Smart solutions and promising practices;
 Critical information, training and data;
 Direct technical assistance to states; and
 Unchallenged expertise.
3. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute is a national, nonprofit,
technical society of engineers, geoscientists, architects, planners, public officials, and
social scientists. EERI members include researchers, practicing professionals,
educators, government officials, and building code regulators.
Mission Statement
The objective of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute is to reduce
earthquake risk by (1) advancing the science and practice of earthquake engineering,
(2) improving understanding of the impact of earthquakes on the physical, social,
economic, political, and cultural environment, and (3) advocating comprehensive and
realistic measures for reducing the harmful effects of earthquakes.
Vision and Role
EERI’s Vision: A world in which potential earthquake losses are widely
understood and for which prudent steps have been taken to address those risks.
EERI’s Role: EERI is a leader in earthquake investigations and in the
dissemination of earthquake risk reduction information both in the US and globally in
cooperation with its international partners.
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EERI will fulfill its role through the following activities:
 Fostering a sense of shared commitment among the diverse communities
dedicated to earthquake risk management
 Promoting research
 Facilitating the exchange of information among members and others, and
 Forging a consensus and speaking with a common voice to public forums and
legislative bodies on behalf of the diverse risk management community.
4. Institution of Engineers (India) [IEI]
The Institution of Engineers (India) [IEI] is a statutory body to promote and
advance engineering and technology, established in 1920 and incorporated by Royal
Charter in 1935. It is the largest multi- disciplinary professional body of engineers
encompassing 15 (fifteen) engineering disciplines with a membership of more than 820
thousand, and serving the nation for more than 9 decades. The IEI has its headquarters
located in Kolkata with national presence through more than hundred Centres and
several Overseas Chapters, Foras and Organ.
The Institution was granted Royal Charter on September 9, 1935 by his
Majesty the King and Emperor George V, which was a momentous event in the annals
of Engineering Industry and education in India. The Royal Charter endowed the
Institution with the responsibility to promote the general advancement of engineering
amongst members and persons attached to the Institution. IEI has been recognized as
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization by the Ministry of Science &
Technology, Gov’t of India and besides conducting its own research, provides Grant-
in- Aid to UG/ PG/ PhD students of Engineering Institutes & Universities.
5. International Structural Engineering and Construction Society
The ISEC Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to benefiting the
professional engineering community in the areas of civil, structural, and construction
engineering through educational conferences, seminars, and literature. It is served by
a network of advisors and regional representatives.
The ISEC Conferences started with the first conference, ISEC-01 held at the
dawn of the 21st century, in Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii, January 24-27, 2001,
hosted by the University of Hawaii.
This was followed by ISEC-02 in Rome, Italy, September 23-26, 2003, hosted
by the University of La Sapienza, Rome, the largest university in Europe.
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ISEC-03 was held in Shunan, JAPAN, September 20-23, 2005, hosted by the
Tokuyama College of Technology. The whole city warmly welcomed the international
participants. ISEC-03 banners, posters, and stickers were displayed at the main
marketplace, airport, rail station, hotels, and taxi cabs. The highlight of the conference
were fireworks at the Mayor's home.
ISEC-04 was held in Melbourne, Australia, September 26-28, 2007, at the
upscale Park Hyatt Hotel, hosted by RMIT University.
ISEC-05 was held on the Strip at Las Vegas, September 21-27, 2009, at
Harrah's Hotel. The conference was hosted by the University of Nevada at Las Vegas.
ISEC-06 was held in Zurich, Switzerland on June 21-26, 2011. The conference
was hosted by ETH, Zurich that boasts the largest number of Nobel Prize winners of
any university.
ISEC-07 came back to Honolulu, Hawaii on June 18-23, 2013, held this time
on the University of Hawaii Manoa campus. The conference was hosted by the
University of Hawaii, College of Engineering
6. International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
ISSMGE is the pre-eminent professional body representing the interests and
activities of Engineers, Academics and Contractors all over the world that actively
participate in geotechnical engineering.
As a truly global organisation, the ISSMGE provides a focus for professional
leadership to some 90 Member Societies and around 20,000 individual members.
The International Society had its origins in the First International Conference
on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering held in Harvard in 1936. A total of 206
delegates attended from 20 countries. In order to ensure continuation of this very
successful initiative, an Executive Committee was set up with Karl Terzaghi as
President and Arthur Casagrande as Secretary; but war intervened and the Second
ICSMFE was not held until 1948 in Rotterdam. Again this proved to be a great success,
with 596 delegates. By the time of the Third ICSMFE in Zurich in 1953, the International
Society had become firmly established, with Terzaghi as President and Donald Taylor
as Secretary. In 1957 A W Skempton became President, and the Secretariat moved to
the UK. Since 1965, the Secretaries General have been J.K.T.L. Nash (1965-1981),
J.B. Burland (1981) and R.H.G. Parry (1981-1999). The quadriennial ICSMFE became
an established pattern from 1953 and the Jubilee Conference was held in San
Francisco in 1985, attracting 2000 delegates and guests. The first Regional
Conference was the Australasian Conference held in Australia in 1952, and
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quadriennial Regional Conferences have also become an established pattern. In 1981
the Steering Committee was set up to give a better focus to the rapidly expanding
Society. It became the Board in 1985, which meets every year, while the Council meets
every two years. In 1997, Council approved a change in name to the International
Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering to reflect more accurately
the activities of the Society.
ISSMGE has experienced a rapid growth in membership, the 32 Member
Societies and 2500 individual members in 1957 increasing to 50/11500 in 1977,
71/16500 in 1998, and 89/20800 in 2017. The growth in membership has been
matched by increasing activities, largely through the establishment of many active
Technical Committees and Task Forces.
7. Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
The Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors (ICES) is an
international qualifying body dedicated to the regulation, education and training of
surveyors working within civil engineering. ICES is now recognized as
the LEADING chartered professional body for civil engineering surveyors. We have
introduced RELEVANT AND MEANINGFUL competencies for geospatial engineers
and commercial managers which make a difference.
ICES will SUPPORT you and your company within the civil engineering
industry in developing and demonstrating your professional competence. We
understand the civil engineering industry and are FLEXIBLE in our approach, ensuring
you achieve your goals.
LOCAL CIVIL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATIONS
1. Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
The Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers or PICE is a professional
organization for civil engineers in the Philippines. It was formed by merging two
separate organizations of civil engineers: one group working from government sector
and the second group working in the private sector.
PICE History
On December 11, 1973, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued
Registration Certificate No.53896 to the PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS, INC. (PICE). This was the culmination and fulfillment of a vision to
merge two separate organizations of civil engineers in the country, the Philippine
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Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) and the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers
(PACE).
The Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) was formed sometime in
the late twenties by a group of civil engineers mostly from the government sector. It
was the country’s first civil engineering organization with the late Engr. Marcial
Kasilag as its first president. Engr. Kasilag holds the No.1 slot in the PRC Registry
of Civil Engineers. He then occupied a high-ranking position in the government and
the early members of PSCE were government engineers. There were relatively few
civil engineers in private practice during that time as most of the early graduates
were readily engaged by the various government agencies.
In 1937, another group of civil engineers in the private sector, led by Enrique
Sto. Tomas Cortes formed the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE). Mr.
Cortes was its first president. The major objectives of both associations were similar:
to elevate the standards of the profession, encourage research and engineering
knowledge and technology, foster fellowship among members, and promote
interrelation with other technological and scientific societies.
The Philippine Association Civil Engineers (PACE) proved to be the more
active between the two groups and this resulted to the transfer of many PSCE
members to PACE. PACE, under the leadership of President Alberto Guevarra, was
mainly responsible for the passage of Republic Act No. 544 otherwise known as the
“Civil Engineering Law” in 1950. It was a milestone in establishing prestige and
safeguarding the interest of the civil engineering profession in the country.
It was sometime in 1972 under the administration of the late PACE President
Cesar A. Caliwara when more serious effort was exerted to merge the two societies.
Panel representatives were designated by both organizations to convene and start a
series of talk. Leading members of PACE and PSCE, Eduardo Escobar, Pedro
Afable, Angel Lazaro, Jr., Andres Hizon, Ambrosio Flores, Tomas de Guzman, Lucas
Agbayani, to mention a few were involved in the negotiation. The choice of a new
name, formal accounting and turnover of assets and liabilities, accreditation of
bonafide members and election rules for the first officers were some of the concerns
that were sooner resolved.
Finally, an election of the first officers and directors of the Philippine Institute
of Civil Engineers, Inc. (PICE) was held sometime in February 1974 and Cesar A.
Caliwara became the first President. During his term, the first International
convention was held in the Philippines on May 20 to 24, 1975 with the theme” Civil
Engineering in Disaster Prevention Control.” Proceedings in this convention were
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published into a book and sold to members and public. Also, the drive to organize
provincial chapters was intensified in order to truly unite the civil engineers of the
country. Another historical milestone was the accreditation (no. 007) of PICE by the
Professional Regulation Commission on August 13, 1975 as the only official
recognized organization of civil engineers in the Philippines
2. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines
The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) is
the recognized organization of Structural Engineers of the Philippines. Established in
1961, ASEP has been existence for more than 50 solid years.
ASEP is known for its publications like the different volumes of the National
Structural code of the Philippines, the approved referral codes of the Philippine
National Building Code. In ASEP’s roster of members, you will find structural engineers
of renowned structural ability, reliability and professionalism.
ASEP Mission Statement
ASEP is a nationally-recognized association which exists to advance structural
engineering practice, uphold high ethical values, and promote national and
international professional collaborations with governments, industry, and academe. It
shall serve as a respected, authoritative and proactive voice in the development of
codes and standards, and shall contribute to nation building by advocating public
safety and welfare, and sustainability of the built environment.
ASEP Vision Statement
ASEP envision itself to be a dynamic internationally-known structural
engineering organization, equipped with resources and competent members,
dedicated to the improvement of the quality of life.
3. Department of Public Works and Highways
The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is one of the three
departments of the government undertaking major infrastructure projects. The DPWH
is mandated to undertake (a) the planning of infrastructure, such as national roads and
bridges, flood control, water resources projects and other public works, and (b) the
design, construction, and maintenance of national roads and bridges, and major flood
control systems.
The Department of Public Works and Highways functions as the engineering
and construction arm of the Government tasked to continuously develop its technology
for the purpose of ensuring the safety of all infrastructure facilities and securing for all
CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION PREPARED BY: ENGR. JOSHUA C. JUNIO
 8

public works and highways the highest efficiency and quality in construction. DPWH is environments. Landscape architects design these areas so that they are not only easy
currently responsible for the planning, design, construction and maintenance of to use but also harmonious with the natural environment.
infrastructure, especially the national highways, flood control and water resources 6. Mechanical engineers
development system, and other public works in accordance with national development Mechanical engineers design power-producing machines, such as electric
objectives. generators, internal combustion engines, and steam and gas turbines, as well as
power-using machines, such as refrigeration and air-conditioning
4. Philippine Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering systems. Mechanical engineers design other machines inside buildings, such as
The Philippine Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering elevators and escalators.
is a member society of International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical 7. Electrical engineer s
Engineering. An electrical engineer is someone who designs and develops
new electrical systems, solves problems and tests equipment. They study and apply
PROFESSIONS/ CAREERS RELATED TO CIVIL ENGINEERING the physics and mathematics of electricity, electromagnetism and electronics to both
large and small scale systems to process information and transmit energy.
1. Architect
8. Surveyors
An architect is a person who plans, designs and reviews the construction of
Surveyors update boundary lines and prepare sites for construction so that
buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the
legal disputes are prevented. Surveyors make precise measurements to determine
design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have
property boundaries. They provide data relevant to the shape and contour of the
human occupancy or use as their principal purpose.
Earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, and construction projects.
2. Civil Engineering Technicians
Civil engineering technicians help civil engineers to plan, design, and build https://www.byui.edu/mechanical-and-civil-engineering/capstone/civil-engineering-
highways, bridges, utilities, and other infrastructure projects. They also help to plan, profession
design, and build commercial, industrial, residential, and land development projects. https://medium.com/@seagertp/civil-engineering-as-a-profession-ac91f3ae2127
3. Construction Manager https://collegegrad.com/careers/civil-engineers
A construction manager will supervise and manage contractors and laborers https://www.asce.org/about_civil_engineering/
at construction sites. Often they meet with architects, specialized trade employees, https://civiltoday.com/1-civil-engineering
and civil engineers on projects or upcoming builds. They must address emergencies, https://www.asce.org/
work delays, or other problems that affect the construction project. https://csce.ca/en/
4. Environmental engineers https://www.eeri.org/
Environmental engineers use the principles of engineering, soil science, https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/
biology, and chemistry to develop solutions to environmental problems. They are https://aseponline.org/
involved in efforts to improve recycling, waste disposal, public health, and water and http://www.geodeticengineer.org.ph/
air pollution control.
https://www.issmge.org/
5. Landscape architects
Landscape architects design attractive and functional public parks, gardens,
http://pice.org.ph
playgrounds, residential areas, college campuses, and public spaces. They also plan
the locations of buildings, roads, walkways, flowers, shrubs, and trees within these

CE 111 CIVIL ENGINEERING ORIENTATION PREPARED BY: ENGR. JOSHUA C. JUNIO