DESIGN PROCEDURES

a) Design of sections

Design of a post tensioned beam of span 20m for a live load of 15kN per meter
run. Concrete grade of M40 and 5 mm diameter steel wires of characteristics
strength 1600 MPa were adopted in the design. The beam was designed as type-
1 structure. The strength of concrete at transfer was assumed as 35 MPa and the
initial stress in the wires as 1200 MPa.

Step1: Bending moment due to live load:

15  20 2
Maximum bending moment due to live load is  750kNm
8

Step2: Permissible stresses

(0.54 f ci  0.37 f ci )
 c '  0.37 f ci   (60  40)  0.483 f ci  16.9MPa
60  30)

(0.41 f ck  0.35 f ck )
 c  0.35 f ck   60  40  0.39 f ck  15.6MPa
60  30

Step 3: Section modulus required for a rectangular section

B H 2 ML
Z 
6  CT  1.5  0.5  c '

Taking B  0.6H

0.6  H  H 2 750 106

Z   63.398 106 mm3
6 0  1.5  0.8  0.516.9

H  859mm

Step 4: Selection of 1st trial I section

25  859  859
Self weight of rectangular section =  11.07kN/ m
10 6

i
 11.07  20 2
MD   553.4kNm
8

M D 553.4
  0.738
ML 750

MD
Referring to table 5.1 for  0 .7
ML

Md/Ml B1 (Top flange) B2 (Bottom Flange) Depth (D)

0.3 0.5H 0.65H 1.05H
0.4 0.6H 0.6H H
0.5 0.7H 0.4H 1.1H
0.7 0.75H 0.3H 1.15H
0.9 0.8H 0.2H 1.2H

0.75H

0.125D

1.15H

0.2D

0.3H

Breadth of top flange = 0.75  H  0.75  859  644mm  650mm

Breadth of bottom flange = 0.3 H  0.3 859  258mm  260mm

Depth of section = 1.15 H  1.15  859  988mm  990mm

ii
Adopt a width of 650 mm for top flange and 260mm for bottom flange.

Select a total depth of 990mm

Thickness of top flange = 0.125D  0.125 990  123.5mm  130mm

(Ranges from 0.1D to 0.15D)

Thickness of bottom flange = 0.2D  0.2  990  198mm  200mm

(for preliminary design it is taken as 0.2D)

D
Thickness of web =  55  external diameter of the sheath
36

(for 5mm wire the sheath diameter is 34mm and for 7mm diameter wire
the sheath diameter is 44mm)

Adopt a thickness of 120mm for web

The 1st trial section is as shown in figure 5.6(a)

650mm

130mm

120mm
990mm

200mm

260mm

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Step 5: Properties of 1st trial section

Area, A  650 130  120  660  260  200  215700mm2

Let y1 be the distance of the horizontal centroidal axis from top

Taking moments of areas about top,

a1 y1  a2 y 2  a3 y3
y
a1  a2  a3

  130     660     200  

 650 130       660 120  130      260  200  130  660  
  2    2    2  
y  408.9mm
650 130  660 120  260  200

y1  408.9mm

Therefore y2  990  408.9  581.1mm

Moment of inertia of c/s about the horizontal centroidal axis,

650 1303    130    120  660  660  

2 2

3
I 
 650 130  408.9       120  660 581.1  130 
  
12    2   12   2  
   

260  2003  200  

2

  260  200   581.1     2.54 10 mm
6 4

12   2  


I 2.54 10 6
k  
2
 117772mm2
A 215700

Step 6: Calculation of MD

25  215700
Self weight of beam, wD   5.39kN/m
10 6

wD L2 5.39  20 2
MD    269.625kNm
8 8

iv
Step 7: Calculation of Pi and e

Equating initial stress at top to permissible tensile stress,

Pi Pi ey1 M D y1
  0
A I I

Pi  ey1  M y
1  2    D 1 …….(a)
A k  I

Equating final tensile stress at bottom to the permissible tensile stress In

concrete

Pi Pi ey1 M D y2 M L y2

   0
A I I I

Pi Pi ey1 M D y2 M L y2

   ………(b)
A I I I

Dividing eqn.(a) by eqn (b),

 ey1  M y
1  2   D 1
 k   I
 ey  M y M y
 L 2
 1  22  D 2

 k  I I

M D y1 269.625 10 6  408.9

  4.34MPa
I 2.54 10 6

M D y2 269.625  106  581.1

  6.168MPa
I 2.54  106

M L y2 750  10 6  581.1
  17.157 MPa
I 2.54  10 6

y1 408.9
2
  0.00347
k 117772

y1 581.1
2
  0.00493
k 117772

v
Substituting these values in eqn (c)

1  e  0.00347   4.34
0.81  e  0.0043 6.168  17.157

e  420mm

Substituting this value of e and all other known values in eqn(a),

Pi  ey1  M y
1  2    D 1
A k  I

Pi
1  e  0.00347  4.34
215700

Pi  2046651N

Step 8: Check for stresses

Initial stress at top

Pi  ey1  M D y1
1  2     CT
'

A k  I

2046651 2046651 420  408.9 269.625  408.9

   0.008MPa  0
215700 2.54 10 6 2.54 10 6

Initial stress at bottom

Pi  ey 2  M D y 2
1  2     C  (16.9MPa)
'

A k  I

2046651 2046651 420  581.1 269.625  581.1

   22.983MPa
215700 2.54 10 6 2.54 10 6

As this is more than the maximum permissible compressive stress of 16.9MPa at

transfer, a second trial section must be selected. It must be noted here that if the
bottom flange width is increased, y2 will be reduced and consequently the initial
compressive stress will be reduced. For the second trial, increase the breadth of

vi
bottom flange to 400mm all other dimensions being the same as for the 1 st trial
section. The 2nd trial section is as shown in the fig.5.6 (b)

Step 9:

650mm

130mm

120mm
990mm

200mm

400mm

Area, A  650 130  120  660  400  200  243700mm2

Let y1 be the distance of the horizontal centroidal axis from top

Taking moments of areas about top,

a1 y1  a2 y 2  a3 y3
y
a1  a2  a3

  130     660     200  

 650 130       660 120  130      400  200  130  660  
  2    2    2  
y  464.2mm
650 130  660 120  400  200

y1  464.2mm

Therefore y2  990  464.2  525.8mm

vii
Moment of inertia of c/s about the horizontal centroidal axis,

650 1303    130    120  660  660  

2 2

3
I  650 130   464.2  
    120  660  525.8  130  
12 
   2    12 
  2  

400  2003  200  

2

  400  200   525.8     3.12 10 mm
6 4

12   2  


I 3.12  10 6
k2    128159 mm 2
A 243700

Step 6: Calculation of MD

25  243700
Self weight of beam, wD   6.0925kN/m
10 6

wD L2 6.0925  20 2
MD    304.625kNm
8 8

Step 7: Calculation of Pi and e

Equating initial stress at top to permissible tensile stress,

Pi Pi ey1 M D y1
  0
A I I

Pi  ey1  M y
1  2    D 1 …….(a)
A k  I

Equating final tensile stress at bottom to the permissible tensile stress In

concrete

Pi Pi ey1 M D y2 M L y2

   0
A I I I

Pi Pi ey1 M D y2 M L y2

   ………(b)
A I I I

Dividing eqn.(a) by eqn (b),

viii
  ey1  M y
1  2   D 1
 k   I
 ey2  M D y2  M L y2
 1  2 
 k  I I

M D y1 304.625 10 6  464.2

  4.528MPa
I 3.12 10 6

M D y2 304.625 10 6  525.8

  5.129MPa
I 3.12 10 6

M L y 2 750 10 6  525.8

  12.628MPa
I 3.12 10 6

y1 464.2
2
  0.00362
k 128159

y1 525.8
2
  0.0041
k 128159

Substituting these values in eqn (c)

1  e  0.00362   4.528
0.81  e  0.0041 5.129  12.628

e  432.5mm

Substituting this value of e and all other known values in eqn(a),

Pi  ey1  M y
1  2    D 1
A k  I

Pi
1  e  0.00362  5.28
243700

Pi  1957069N

Step 8: Check for stresses

Initial stress at top

ix
Pi  ey1  M D y1
1  2     CT
'

A k  I

1957069 1957069  432  464.2 304.625  464.2

   0.009MPa  0
234700 3.12 10 6 3.12 10 6

Initial stress at bottom

Pi  ey 2  M D y 2
1  2     C  (16.9MPa)
'

A k  I

1957069 1957069  432  525.8 304.625  525.8

   17.132MPa  16.9MPa
234700 3.12 10 6 3.12 10 6

Final stresses when the service loads are applied

Stress at the top fib re

Pi  ey  M y M y
1  21   D 1  L 1   C
'

A  k  I I

0.8 1957069
1  432  0.0362  1957069  432 6 464.2  304.625  464.2
 12.048MPa  15.6MPa
234700 3.12 10 3.12 10 6

Stress at the bottom fibre

Pi  ey  M y M y
1  22   D 2  L 2   CT
'

A  k  I I

0.8  1957069
1  432  0.041  1957069  432 6 525.8  304.625  525 .8
 0.057 MPa  0
234700 3.12  10 3.12  10 6

Assuming the wires are initially stretched to 1200N/mm2

1957069
Area of high tensile wire required =  1630.9mm2
234700

No. of 5mm diameter high tensile wire required =

1630.9
 83
   52 
 
 4 

x
 83
No of Freyssinet cable = 7
12

Let us provide 7 Freyssinet cables, each having 12 no.s of 5mm dia wires.

xi