THESIS TITLE:

CEMENT REPLACEMENT
MATERIAL

Submitted By:
Dizon, Arvinn C.
Submitted To:
Neal Castillo

1
 INTRODUCTION

Cement, one of the most important building materials, is a binding agent that sets and hardens to
adhere to building units such as stones, bricks, tiles, etc. Cement generally refers to a very fine
powdery substance chiefly made up of limestone (calcium), sand or clay (silicon), bauxite
(aluminum) and iron ore, and may include shells, chalk, marl, shale, clay, blast furnace slag, slate.
The raw ingredients are processed in cement manufacturing plants and heated to form a rock-hard
substance, which is then ground into a fine powder to be sold. Cement mixed with water causes a
chemical reaction and forms a paste that sets and hardens to bind individual structures of building
materials.
Cement is an integral part of the urban infrastructure. It is used to make concrete as well as mortar,
and to secure the infrastructure by binding the building blocks. Concrete is made of cement, water,
sand, and gravel mixed in definite proportions, whereas mortar consists of cement, water, and lime
aggregate. These are both used to bind rocks, stones, bricks, and other building units, fill or seal
any gaps, and to make decorative patterns. Cement mixed with water silicates and aluminates,
making a water repellant hardened mass that is used for water-proofing.
What if the raw materials have been run out near in the future. These days, people try to find
something very efficient, emission reduction to the atmosphere and durable cement by using this
kind of material that only our surroundings and easy to prepare this material. It will start from the
low durability then make it process into substantial, efficient and good quality to qualify the
standards including ordinary portland cement (OPC)

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Problem Statement

This study will attempt to seek answers to the following questions:

1. What are the properties of these materials?

2. Is the cement eco-friendly?
3. What benefits that kind of cement that you could replace the material have been
used?
4. What category/class this type of Cement?

Objectives

General Objectives

This study aims to get the standards of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

Specific Objectives

1. To develop an economical and eco-friendly cement replacement.

2. To determining the change in workability or consistency of concrete mix,
compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, etc., along with
review of some durability properties.
3. To determine the result in sieve analysis, consistency, and water absorption, setting
time and slump tests of wood ash, bamboo leaf ash and rice flour to compare the
standards of OPC. It will produce significant results to emphasize the detailed study
process.

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Significance of the Study

This research is aimed at investigating the effect of wood ash, bamboo leaf ash and rice

flour to combine this material and obtained to the partial replacement to compare the

standard of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) on the compressive and flexural strength of

mortar. And the result of consistency of the concrete mix, compressive strength, split

tensile strength, flexural strength, etc., along with a review of some durability properties.