Course : Computer Networks(IT-3001)

Session : Autumn Odd Sem 2019

School of Computer Engineering

KIIT Deemed to be University

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 Course Coverage

• Day -1(02/07/2019)

– What is a Network?
– What is a computer Network?
– Comparison of a transport Network with computer Network.
– Why to use computer Network?
– Use of computer Network at various level like personal, business etc.
– Basic hardware(End-device,NIC Card,Communication Link,Router/Switch) and software requirements
for communication in Computer Network.

• Day -2 (03/07/2019)

– What are the goals of computer network i.e. efficiency, robustness, and scalability?
– How to achieve these network goals through design of hardwares and softwares(protocol)?
– How to measure the goals set for computer network is achieved or not through throughput, latency(processing,
queuing, transmission, and propagation) etc.

• Day -3 (05/07/2019)

– Tutorial 1 - solved problems on throughput, transmission and propagation delays in communication

network.

• Day -4 (08/07/2019)

– Comparison of Postal and Computer Network system for the communication of a Packet.
– Need of Layering structure in Computer Network.
– ISO-OSI model Vs TCP/IP stack.
– Functionality of each layer in TCP/IP stack.

• Day -5 (09/07/2019)

– Need of encapsulation and decapsulation of packets.

– Various protocols working in different layers.
– Different types of computer networks(PAN,LAN,MAN,WAN) w.r.to geographical area.
– Various topologies (Bus,Star,Ring,Mess,Tree) used in computer networks.

• Day -6 (11/07/2019)

– Overview of different types of Application architectures (client-server, peer-to-peer, hybrid) with exam-
ples.
– Various types of transport services available to applications (reliability, throughput, timing, security).
– Services provided by Transport Layer to Application Layer of TCP/IP stack.

• Day -7 (12/07/2019)

– Role of DNS.
– Services provided by DNS(host-name to IP address mapping, host-aliasing, mail-server-aliasing, load
distribution).

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 – Underlying Transport Layer protocol used and the well known port number DNS server runs in.
– Various DNS domains(Generic,CountrySpecifc,Reverse).
– Centralized vs hierarchically distributed DNS implementation.
– Architecture of DNS using iterative and recursive search?

• Day -8 (15/07/2019)

– Various types of records maintained by DNS (A, NS, MX, CNAME etc.).
– Rules for maintaining those records at various DNS servers.
– Illustration of various records maintained by various servers with an example.
– DNS Message format.

• Day -9 (16/07/2019)

– What is HTTP and it’s functionality?

– Underlying Transport Layer protocol used and the well known port number FTP server runs in.
– URL and it’s component.
– Persistent vs non-persistent HTTP connection.
– Calculation of response time for downloading a web page with multiple object embedded into it using
persistent and non-persistent connection.

• Day -10 (18/07/2019)

– HTTP request and response message format.

– Proxy Server and it’s advantage.
– Stale Cache Problem with proxy cache and how to alleviate the same.
– Why Cookies?
– How cookies are maintained at both client and server to behave the HTTP as a state-full protocol.

• Day -11 (19/07/2019)

– What is FTP and it’s functionality?

– Underlying Transport Layer protocol used and the well known port number FTP server runs in.
– In-band and out-of-band communication.
– Overview of the protocol and how it works.
– Various commands and responses used in FTP.
– Active and Passive mode of communication in FTP and the need of it.
– Demonstration of how FTP works.

• Day -12 (22/07/2019)

– Need of PUSH and PULL protocol for e-mail communication.

– Overview of SMTP, POP3, IMAP protocol used for e-mail communication.
– Major components of e-mail(UA,MTA,MAA,MailBox,MessageQueue).
– Architecture of e-mail communication using the above mentioned components.

• Day -13 (23/07/2019)

– Various mail messages and responses exchanged in SMTP during e-mail communication.

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 – Need of MIME and its functionality.
– Various MIME headers.

• Day -14 (25/07/2019)

– What is P2P and how it is different from client-server architecture.

– Distribution time of P2P vs client-server architecture.
– Explain how Bit-torrent works which is an example of a p2p network.

• Day -15 (26/07/2019)

– Functionality of Transport layer.

– What is Multiplexing/Demultiplexing.
– Connectionless vs connection oriented demultiplexing.
– What is UDP?
– Functionality of UDP protocol.
– Why to use UDP though it is connection-less?
– UDP Segment format.
– Use of Pseudoheader for checksum calculation.
– Why UDP provides checksum though underlying Link-layer provides error checking?

• Day -16 (29/07/2019)

– Requirements for Reliable Data Transfer i.e. flow control and Error Control.
– Overview of Protocols for noiseless channel.
∗ without flow control
∗ with flow control (i.e. Stop-and-wait protocol)
– Overview of Protocols for noisy channel.
∗ with flow control and error control (i.e. Stop-and-wait ARQ).
∗ with flow control, error control, and support of sending multiple packets before receiving the ac-
knowledgement(i.e. Go-back-N ARQ).
∗ with flow control, error control, support of sending multiple packets before receiving the acknowl-
edgement, and handling out of order packets (i.e. Selective Repeat ARQ).
– How Stop-and-wait protocol works?
– Efficiency of Stop-and-wait protocol.

• Day -17 (30/07/2019)

– Solving Problems in Stop-and-wait protocol w.r.to efficiency.

– Use of Sequence Number and it’s range Stop-and-wait ARQ.
– How Stop-and-wait ARQ works with example?

• Day -18 (01/08/2019)

– Problem associated with Stop-and-wait ARQ.

– Significance of Sequence Number, send window, and receive window size in Go-back-N ARQ.
– Type of Acknowledgement used in Go-back-N ARQ.
– How Go-back-N ARQ works in various scenarios using the concept of sliding window?

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• Day -19 (02/08/2019)

– Problem associated with Go-back-N ARQ.

– Send window and receive window size in Selective Repeat ARQ.
– Type of Acknowledgement used in Go-back-N ARQ.
– How Selective Repeat ARQ works in various scenarios using the concept of sliding window?

• Day -20 (05/08/2019)

– Efficiency of Go-back-N and Selective Repeat ARQ.

– Comparison of Stop-and-wait, Go-back-N, and Selective Repeat ARQ w.r.to the following parameters.
∗ Efficiency
∗ Buffers
∗ Sequence Numbers
∗ Retransmission
∗ Bandwidth
∗ Ack Supported
∗ CPU
– Real time use of Go-back-N and Selective Repeat ARQ in computer network communication.

• Day -21 (06/08/2019)

– What is TCP?
– Services provides by TCP.
– TCP Segment format.
– TCP Connection Management.
∗ 3-way handshaking for connection establishement
∗ 3-way/4-way connection tear-down

• Day -22 (08/08/2019)

– Illustration of the TCP State transition diagram.

– Significance of TIME WAIT state and 2MSL timeout.
– Demonstration of various state changes in a TCP client/server program through “netstat” command.

• Day -23 (09/08/2019)

– Significance of send and receive window in TCP.

– What is flow control?
– How it works in TCP with Examples.
– What is Error control?
– How it works in TCP with Examples.

• Day -24 (13/08/2019)

– What is congestion and why it occurs?

– How to handle this congestion?
– Congestion control using slow start.

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 – Congestion control using AIMD.
– Congestion control in TCP.

• Day -25 (16/08/2019)

– Tutorial on Transport Layer Implementation.

• Day -26 (19/08/2019)

– Network layer Overview.

– Services provided by Network Layer.
– IP datagram format and each field description.
– why fragmentation and reassemby? How it is being managed by IP layer.

• Day -27 (20/08/2019)

– Various components of a router.

– Functionality of each component of the router.
– 1st Gen, 2nd Gen, and 3rd Gen router. Their merits and demerits.
– Factors responsible for the performance of a router.

• Day -28 (22/08/2019)

– Flat and hierarchical IP Addressing.

– How hierarchical IP Addressing helps in reducing forward table entries.
– Various classful networks (class A,B,C etc.) and private IP Addresses.
– How forwarding of packet works at host and routers.

• Day -29 (05/09/2019)

– Inefficiency of classful IP Address.

– What is subnetting.
– How the IP Address inefficiency is addressed using subnetting through examples.
– more problem solving on subnetting.

• Day -30 (06/09/2019)

– What is VLSM and how to design the subnet for VLSM through examples.

• Day -31 (10/09/2019)

– How to obtain IP Address?

– Different protocols for assigning IP Address dynamically.
– What is DHCP and how it works?

• Day -32 (13/09/2019)

– Tutorial on sub-netting.

• Day -33 (14/09/2019)

– What is NAT and why it is needed?

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 – How NAT works?
– What is Port Address Translation(PAT) and how it works?

• Day -34 (16/09/2019)

– What is ARP and why it is needed?

– How it works?
– Packet format of ARP.
– what is Gratuitous ARP and its usage.

• Day -35 (17/09/2019)

– What is ICMP and when it is needed?

– ICMP Message format.
– Application of ICMP (i.e. ping and traceroute).

• Day -36 (19/09/2019)

– What is the motivation behind IPv6.

– IPV6 datagram format.
– comparision of IPv4 and IPv6 header.
– How IPv6 header helps in faster packet processing and forwarding.

• Day -37 (20/09/2019)

– Routing vs forwarding.
– Goal of routing.
– Various implementation approach to routing (i.e. static vs dynamic, central vs distributed, and local vs
global knowledge)
– varoious categories of routing protocols.

• Day -38 (23/09/2019)

– What is link state routing algorithm and how it works?

– Calculating shortest path using Dijkstra’s algorithm through examples.
– Implementation of link state routing in Internet i.e. OSPF.

• Day -39 (24/09/2019)

– What is distance vector routing algorithm and how it works?

– link state vs distance vector routing algorithm.
– Implementation of distance vector routing in Internet i.e. RIP.

• Day -40 (26/09/2019)

– Why hierachical routing is needed?

– How hierarchical routing works using both inter and intra AS routing algorithm?
– How to choose among multiple AS through example.

• Day -41 (27/09/2019)

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 – Tutorial on routing

• Day -42 (30/09/2019)

– Overview of Datalink Layer.

– Link layer protocols(i.e. point-to-point, broadcast).
– Services provided by LLC and MAC sub-layer.
– Details of various Error Detection mechanism (Parity, checksum, CRC).

• Day -43 (01/10/2019)

– various ways to control Error (Error Correction vs Retransmission).

– Error correction using Hamming code through example.

• Day -44 (04/10/2019)

– Role of MAC sub-layer.

– Goal of MAC protocol.
– Various categories of MAC protocols.
∗ Random Access
∗ Controlled Access
∗ Scheduled Based
– Various Scheduled Based protocols ( TDMA, FDMA, CDMA)
– Various Controlled Access protocols ( polling, Token passing)
– Usage of various MAC protcols.

• Day -45 (14/10/2019)

– Various Random Access protocol.

∗ Working principle of Pure Aloha.
∗ Working principle of Slotted Aloha.
∗ performance comparision of pure aloha and slotted aloha.
∗ working principle of CSMA.
∗ 1-persistent, non persistent, and p-persistent CSMA working principle.
∗ performance comparision of the CSMA variants and their usage.
∗ working principle of CSMA/CD and its performance.

• Day -46 (15/10/2019)

– Ethernet overview.
– Problem with bus topology used initially in ethernet.
– Advantage of using star topology used in ethernet.
– switching in ethernet using Hub vs Switch.
– How switch table is built gradually.
– What is VLAN and its use?
– Ethernet frame structure and adress.

• Day -47 (17/10/2019)

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 – Wireless link characterstics.
– Goal of MAC protocol in wireless link.
– what is hidden and exposed terminal problem in wireless link?
– How to resolve these problems in wireless link?
– CSMA/CA algorithm used for wireless link.

• Day -48 (18/10/2019)

– Tutorial on demonstration of wireshark packet analyzer tool.

• Day -49 (21/10/2019)

– What is Software Defined Networking (SDN).

– SDN architecture and it’s usage.
– scope of reasearch in SDN.