PERSONAL RIGHTS

Personal rights are the rights that a person has over their own body. In the Merriam-
Webster Dictionary, Person Rights are defined as "rights (as of personal security, personal
liberty, and private property) appertaining to the person". Among personal rights are associated
rights to protect and safeguard the body, most obviously protected by
the torts of assault and battery.

RIGHT TO LIFE
Article II of the Human Rights Act
Everyone’s right to life shall be protected of law. No one shall be deprived of his life
intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime
for which the penalty is provided by law. This means that nobody, including the Government,
can try to end your life. It also means Government should take appropriate measures to
safeguard life by making laws to protect you and, in some circumstances, by taking steps to
protect you if your life is at risk.

RIGHT TO ONE’S PERSON

Article III Section 2 Bill of Rights
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable,
and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be
determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be
searched and the persons or things to be seized. This law upholds the right to one’s person
because he is given the right to protect himself and his possessions which are considered as
extensions of himself against those who wants to violate it.

RIGHT TO ONE’S PERSONALITY

Right of Publicity
The right of an individual to control the commercial use of his or her name, image,
likeness, or other unequivocal aspects of one's identity. This right is traditionally associated
with celebrities because the name or image of a famous person is used to sell products or
services. This right only extends to commercial exploitation. Information uses such as articles at
celebrity websites are permissible. The right of publicity is not only for celebrities. Any person
whose name or image is used to sell products may claim a misappropriation of this right. This
right also prohibits any implication that a person endorses a product (without the person’s
permission).
RELIGIOUS AND MORAL RIGHTS
Morality and religion is the relationship between religious views and morals. Many
religions have value frameworks regarding personal behavior meant to guide adherents in
determining between right and wrong.

RIGHT TO EDUCATION
1987 CONSTITUTION ARTICLE XIV
The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all
levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. The State shall:
Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education
relevant to the needs of the people and society; Establish and maintain a system of free public
education in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents
to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;
Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and
other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private
schools, especially to the underprivileged; Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous
learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs
particularly those that respond to community needs; and Provide adult citizens, the disabled,
and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills.

RIGHT TO CONSCIENCE
ARTICLE IX FREEDOM OF THOUGHT, BELIEF AND RELIGION
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community
with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching
practice and observance. Freedom to manifest one’s religion or beliefs shall be subject only to
such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the
interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the
protection of the rights and freedoms of others.

RIGHT TO RELIGION

ARTICLE III, SECTION 5 – FREEDOM OF RELIGION

Freedom of religion or freedom of worship is a basic human right that an individual or
community has the right to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and
observance. The Philippine Constitution states in Article III, Section 5: No law shall be made
respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free
exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or
preferences, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil
or political rights.”
SOCIAL RIGHTS

Social rights are those rights arising from the social contract, in contrast to
natural rights which is arise from the natural law, but before the establishment of legal rights by
positive law.

RIGHT TO HAVE HONOR

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10368

An act providing for reparation and recognition of victims of human rights violations
during the Marcos regime, documentation of said violations, appropriating funds therefor and
for other purposes. This Act shall be known as the “Human Rights Victims Reparation and
Recognition Act of 2013”. Section 11 of Article II of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines declares that the State values the dignity of every human, person and guarantees
full respect for human rights. Pursuant to this declared policy, Section 12 of Article III of the
Constitution prohibits the use of torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other
mean which vitiates the free will and mandates the compensation and rehabilitation of victims
of torture or similar practices and their families.

RIGHT TO FREE EXPRESSION AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH

ARTICLE 10 OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT: FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold
opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public
authority and regardless of frontiers. This Article shall not prevent States from requiring the
licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises. The exercise of these freedoms,
since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions,
restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in
the interests of national security, territorial disorder or crime, for the protection of health or
morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of
information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the
judiciary.

RIGHT TO ORGANIZE
Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act
The Act guarantees employees "the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist
labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and
to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual
aid or protection," as well as the right "to refrain from any or all such activities." It is the right of
workers and employees to form join or assist unions, organizations or associations for purposes
of collective bargaining and negotiation and for mutual aid and protection. It also refers to the
right to engage in peaceful concerted activities or to participate in policy and decision-making
processes affecting their rights and benefits.
ECONOMIC RIGHTS
Economic, social and cultural rights are socio-economic human rights, such as the
right to education, right to housing, right to adequate standard of living, right to health,
victims' rights and the right to science and culture.

RIGHT TO LIVELIHOOD
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9509
This Act shall be known as the "Barangay Livelihood and Skills Act of 2008". The act
objectives is to promote and support the establishment and maintenance of livelihood and
skills training centers in every fourth, fifth and sixth class municipalities; To ensure that all
livelihood and skills training being offered by the government are properly coordinated and
implemented at the municipal and barangay levels; To ensure that the training needs of
barangay communities based on local development plans are properly identified and
adequately provided; and To prioritize rural areas with the highest poverty incidence in the
provision of programs and services under this Act.

RIGHT TO PROPERTY
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8293
Intellectual property code of the Philippines, The State recognizes that an effective
intellectual and industrial property system is vital to the development of domestic and creative
activity, facilitates transfer of technology, attracts foreign investments, and ensures market
access for our products. It shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors,
artists and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly when
beneficial to the people, for such periods as provided in this Act. It is also the policy of the State
to streamline administrative procedures of registering patents, trademarks and copyright, to
liberalize the registration on the transfer of technology, and to enhance the enforcement of
intellectual property rights in the Philippines.

RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT
ARTICLE 1 OF THE DECLARATION ON THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT
The right to development is an inalienable human right by virtue of which every human
person and all peoples are entitled to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy economic, social,
cultural and political development, in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be
fully realized. all human persons should be included and fully consulted in any development
which affects them. It is the duty of the state to ensure that they have equal and adequate
access to essential resources and it falls upon the international community to promote fair
development policies and effective international cooperation.
RIGHT TO SAFE ENVIRONMENT
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7942
This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Mining Act of 1995." All mineral resources in
public and private lands within the territory and exclusive economic zone of the Republic of the
Philippines are owned by the State. It shall be the responsibility of the State to promote their
rational exploration, development, utilization and conservation through the combined efforts
of government and the private sector in order to enhance national growth in a way that
effectively safeguards the environment and protect the rights of affected communities.

REFERENCES

PERSONAL RIGHTS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_rights
https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/human-rights-act/article-2-right-life
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-
philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-iii/
https://corporate.findlaw.com/litigation-disputes/right-of-publicity.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_rights

RELIGIOUS AND MORAL RIGHTS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality_and_religion
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-
philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/
https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/human-rights-act/article-9-freedom-thought-belief-
and-religion
https://legalnotes.wordpress.com/2007/03/01/article-iii-section-5-freedom-of-religion/

SOCIAL RIGHTS
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/02/25/republic-act-no-10368/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_rights_(social_contract_theory)
https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/human-rights-act/article-10-freedom-expression
https://www.nlrb.gov/rights-we-protect/whats-law/employers/interfering-employee-rights-
section-7-8a1
https://blr.dole.gov.ph/2014/12/11/right-to-self-organization/

ECONOMIC RIGHTS
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic,_social_and_cultural_rights
http://www.chanrobles.com/legal7code.htm#.XSADO5MzaT8
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2008/ra_9509_2008.html
https://minorityrights.org/our-work/law-legal-cases-introduction/right-to-development/
http://www.chanrobles.com/RA7942.htm#.XSARupMzaT8